RESUMEN
Although numerous behavioral constructs have been proposed to account for anxiety disorders, how these disorders develop within an individual has been difficult to predict. In this perspective, I selectively review clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that avoidance (i.e., safety) behavior increases beliefs of threat or fear. The experimental evidence has been replicated numerous times, with different parameters, and shows that when human participants emit avoidance responses in the presence of a neutral stimulus, they later show heightened expectations of threat in the presence of the neutral stimulus. I interpret these findings as resulting from prediction errors as anticipated by the Rescorla-Wagner model, although other animal learning theories can also predict the phenomenon. I discuss some implications and offer a few novel predictions. The analysis presented here sheds light on a phenomenon of theoretical and clinical relevance which is accommodated by basic associative learning theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , Reacción de Prevención , Miedo , Humanos , Reacción de Prevención/fisiología , Miedo/fisiología , Miedo/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Animales , Trastornos de Ansiedad/psicología , Aprendizaje por Asociación/fisiología , Modelos PsicológicosRESUMEN
Although many students experience math anxiety in school, the contexts in which it occurs are not well-understood. Increased understanding of the environmental situations that might elicit math anxiety is needed to better support students' math achievement. Using a within-subjects design, we examined differences in math anxiety and math performance across math task timing (i.e., overt timing vs. covert timing) and math task complexity (i.e., simple vs. complex problems) with 113 fourth- (n = 38) and fifth-grade (n = 75) students. ANCOVA results showed no significant differences in participant reporting of math anxiety between overt and covert timing conditions for both simple (p = .27) and complex problems (p = .42). However, participants reported higher levels of math anxiety when working on complex math tasks compared to working on simple math tasks (p = .01). Findings also showed that participants with medium to high baseline math anxiety were more likely to report higher levels of math anxiety when completing complex math problems under the covert timing condition, p = .02, η2 = 0.13. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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Ansiedad , Matemática , Estudiantes , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Estudiantes/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Instituciones Académicas , Factores de Tiempo , Rendimiento Académico/psicologíaRESUMEN
Many studies have indicated an alarming prevalence of anxiety among Chinese adolescents, highlighting the critical need for prevention protocols. DNA-V (Discoverer, Noticer, Advisor-Values model) is an adapted version of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy designed to prevent mental health problems in adolescents. This study investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of DNA-V. The DNA-V prevention program was culturally adapted and optimized in both content and form specifically for Chinese adolescents, with the aim of reducing anxiety levels. A total of 139 participants (59 females) from six eighth-grade classes at an average middle school in Beijing were randomly assigned to one of three groups consisting of the DNA-V face-to-face group (two classes), the DNA-V web-based group (two classes), or the active control group (two classes). Adolescents' anxiety and cognitive fusion were measured before (Time 1), immediately after (Time 2), and 2 months after (Time 3) the program using the Chinese Secondary School Students Anxiety Scale (CSSSAS) and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ). Results showed that in the DNA-V face-to-face group, the anxiety score at Time 3 was significantly lower than the scores at Time 1 (p < .001, Cohen's drm = 0.56) and Time 2 (p = .043, Cohen's drm = 0.24). The cognitive fusion score at Time 3 was significantly lower than the scores at Time 1 (p = .001, Cohen's drm = 0.51) and Time 2 (p = .003, Cohen's drm = 0.37). The results of the study suggest that the DNA-V prevention program could serve as an effective tool for reducing anxiety in adolescents.
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Ansiedad , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Ansiedad/psicología , China , Estudiantes/psicología , Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual/métodos , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Narratives play an important role in the development of the self-identity. Romantic relationships offer a powerful context in which to develop these narratives about the self through the good and the bad experiences people have with their partners. However, the stories we tell can also be colored by how we already see ourselves. In a secondary analysis, using a prospective longitudinal study of people in established romantic relationships (N = 402), we tested pre-registered hypotheses regarding how attachment anxiety and avoidance lead people to develop narratives about their relationship high-points and transgressions, and whether these narratives influence their relationship satisfaction over time. Relatively higher avoidance, but not anxiety, was related to narrative construction. Those relatively higher in avoidance made more negative event connections about themselves in their transgression narratives, and more positive event connections about themselves in their relationship high-point narratives. Narrative content, however, did not mediate the association between attachment anxiety and avoidance and relationship satisfaction. Despite the lack of support for some of our pre-registered hypotheses, these findings provide valuable insights into how insecure attachment influences the stories people tell about their relationships, and how they link these events back to the self.
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Ansiedad , Relaciones Interpersonales , Narración , Apego a Objetos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/psicología , Satisfacción Personal , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto Joven , Estudios Prospectivos , Autoimagen , Parejas Sexuales/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , AdolescenteRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Postpartum anxiety after childbirth is a common condition among pregnant women due to reasons such as the uncertainty of experiencing pregnancy and childbirth for the first time, or previous negative experiences. Fear of childbirth can affect the mother's baby care process. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted analytically with a single-subject design to determine the effects of maternal concerns about childbirth and the postpartum period on obsessive and compulsive behaviors related to baby care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted with 260 mothers. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and the scales 'Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period', and 'Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care'. The data were analyzed using the SPSS™ software to calculate percentages, mean values, t tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and simple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between participant scores of the 'Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period' and the 'Obsessive and Compulsive Behaviors of Mothers in the Postpartum Period Related to Baby Care' scales (p < 0.01). The regression model showed that 18.0% of the total variance in the obsessive and compulsive behaviors of mothers in the postpartum was explained by the fear of childbirth and the postpartum period (corrected R2 = 0.180). CONCLUSIONS: Fear of childbirth and the postpartum period were moderate. However, as the fear of women regarding childbirth and the postpartum period increased, their postpartum obsessive and compulsive behaviors about baby care also increased.
Introducción: La ansiedad del parto y el posparto es una condición común entre las mujeres embarazadas por la incertidumbre de vivir el embarazo y el parto por primera vez o por previas experiencias negativas. El miedo al parto puede afectar el proceso del cuidado del bebé de la madre. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de las preocupaciones maternas sobre el parto y el puerperio y su efecto sobre las conductas obsesivas y compulsivas relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se realizó con 260 madres. Los datos fueron recolectados en el formulario de información descriptiva y se usaron la "Escala de miedo al parto y al período posparto" y la de "Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionados con el cuidado del bebé". Los datos fueron evaluados mediante el software SPSS™ mediante el cálculo de porcentajes, promedio, prueba t, ANOVA, correlación de Pearson y análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados: Se encontró una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la "Escala de miedo al parto y del período posparto" y la de "Comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el período posparto relacionadas con el cuidado del bebé" (p < 0.01). En el modelo creado por análisis de regresión se observó que el 18,0% del cambio en la escala de comportamientos obsesivos-compulsivos estaba explicado por el miedo al parto y al puerperio (R2 corregido = 0,180). Conclusiones: En el estudio se determinó que el miedo al parto y al puerperio era moderado. Sin embargo, a medida que aumentaba el puntaje de miedo al parto y al período posparto, también aumentaban los comportamientos obsesivos y compulsivos de las madres en el puerperio relacionados con el cuidado del bebé.
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Conducta Compulsiva , Miedo , Parto , Periodo Posparto , Humanos , Femenino , Conducta Compulsiva/psicología , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Adulto , Miedo/psicología , Embarazo , Parto/psicología , Conducta Obsesiva/psicología , Adulto Joven , Madres/psicología , Cuidado del Lactante/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Recién NacidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: While it is recognized that social support can alleviate mental health symptoms, this relationship is not well-understood among Chinese pregnant and parenting immigrants in the United States. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationships between different types of social support and women's anxiety and depression, and examining how these associations vary with pregnancy status. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Simplified Chinese or Mandarin between March-June 2021 among 526 women who were pregnant and/or parenting a child under five years. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support scales were used to measure anxiety, depression, and social support levels. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlations were employed for analysis. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of social support types and pregnancy status on mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women reported higher mean scores for anxiety (non-pregnant: 55, pregnant: 59, p < 0.01) and depression (non-pregnant: 54, pregnant: 56, p = 0.02). Instrumental support displayed a significant main effect in relation to anxiety (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01) and depression (ß=-0.16, p < 0.01); emotional support exhibited a significant main effect solely on depression (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01). Notably, the interaction effects between pregnancy status and both instrumental (ß=-0.28, p = 0.01) and emotional support (ß=-0.42, p < 0.01) were significant for anxiety. In contrast, informational support did not exhibit a significant impact on either anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that tailoring support to the cultural context is crucial, especially for pregnant women in this Chinese immigrant community, with instrumental and emotional support being particularly beneficial in mitigating maternal anxiety.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Salud Mental , Responsabilidad Parental , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etnología , China/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Estados Unidos , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/etnología , Adulto Joven , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Effective medication adherence is vital for managing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and enhancing patient well-being. This study aimed to evaluate medication adherence levels and associated factors among AMI patients using standardized assessment tools. METHODS: Employing a cross-sectional descriptive design, the study involved 210 patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Participants completed the General Medication Adherence Scale (GMAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and provided socio-demographic details. RESULTS: The study revealed partial adherence to medications among AMI patients, with mean scores of 24.89 (± 3.64) out of 33. Notably, good adherence was observed in non-adherence due to patient behavior (mean ± SD = 11.8 ± 2.3 out of 15) and additional disease burden (mean ± SD = 8.65 ± 2.21 out of 12), while partial adherence was noted in non-adherence due to financial constraints (mean ± SD = 4.44 ± 1.34 out of 6). Patients reported mild anxiety (mean ± SD = 8.38 ± 2.81) and no depressive symptoms (mean ± SD = 7.43 ± 2.42). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that employed status, younger age, shorter duration of MI, lower anxiety, and depression levels were associated with higher medication adherence. However, factors such as monthly income, gender, educational level, and marital status did not predict medication adherence. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the significance of addressing anxiety and depression levels and considering socio-demographic factors when designing interventions to enhance medication adherence among AMI patients. Further research is needed to explore additional determinants of medication adherence and develop tailored interventions to improve patient outcomes post-AMI.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/psicología , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/estadística & datos numéricos , Cumplimiento de la Medicación/psicología , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , AdultoRESUMEN
AIMS: Fear of physical activity (PA) is discussed as a barrier to regular exercise in patients with heart failure (HF), but HF-specific theoretical concepts are lacking. This study examined associations of fear of PA, heart-focused anxiety and trait anxiety with clinical characteristics and self-reported PA in outpatients with chronic HF. It was also investigated whether personality-related coping styles for dealing with health threats impact fear of PA via symptom perception. METHODS AND RESULTS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 185 HF outpatients from five hospitals (mean age 62 ± 11 years, mean ejection fraction 36.0 ± 12%, 24% women). Avoidance of PA, sports/exercise participation (yes/no) and the psychological characteristics were assessed by self-reports. Fear of PA was assessed by the Fear of Activity in Situations-Heart Failure (FActS-HF15) questionnaire. In multivariable regression analyses higher NYHA class (b = 0.26, p = 0.036) and a higher number of HF drugs including antidepressants (b = 0.25, p = 0.017) were independently associated with higher fear of PA, but not with heart-focused fear and trait anxiety. Of the three anxiety scores only increased fear of PA was independently associated with more avoidance behavior regarding PA (b = 0.45, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001) and with increased odds of no sports/exercise participation (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74, p = 0.028). Attention towards cardiac symptoms and symptom distress were positively associated with fear of PA (p < 0.001), which explained higher fear of PA in patients with a vigilant (directing attention towards health threats) coping style (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Fear of PA assessed by the FActS-HF15 is a specific type of anxiety in patients with HF. Attention towards and being distressed by HF symptoms appear to play a central role in fear of PA, particularly in vigilant patients who are used to direct their attention towards health threats. These findings provide approaches for tailored interventions to reduce fear of PA and to increase PA in patients with HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02898246.
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Adaptación Psicológica , Ejercicio Físico , Miedo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Autoinforme , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ansiedad/psicología , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Miedo/psicología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/psicología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effects of falls on self-rated health and anxiety symptoms and the moderating role of psychological resilience in Chinese older persons with chronic multimorbidity. METHODS: Data were taken from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used a linear regression model to evaluate the associations among falls and self-rated health and anxiety symptoms, the moderating role of psychological resilience was verified by moderation analysis, and we also used a replacement model to test robustness. Finally, the results of the study were further verified via heterogeneity analysis through subgroup regression. RESULTS: A total of 2933 people aged 60 years or older with chronic multimorbidity were included in our study. The linear regression results revealed that falls were significantly negatively correlated with the self-rated health symptoms of older Chinese people with chronic multimorbidity (ß = -0.1703, p < 0.01) and significantly positively correlated with anxiety symptoms (ß = 0.5590, p < 0.01). Among the moderating effects, we found that psychological resilience played a moderating role between falls and anxiety symptoms (ß = - 0.151 [-0.217, -0.084], p < 0.01). Finally, we found heterogeneity in the study results by sex, residence and number of chronic diseases. CONCLUSION: Falls are associated with poorer self-rated health and higher anxiety levels among older persons with chronic multimorbidity in China. High levels of psychological resilience have a moderating effect on the development of anxiety symptoms.
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Accidentes por Caídas , Ansiedad , Multimorbilidad , Resiliencia Psicológica , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Crónica/psicología , Enfermedad Crónica/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Autoinforme , Estado de Salud , Autoevaluación Diagnóstica , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
Despite established associations between discrimination and mental health, little research has focused on gender expression discrimination and integrated individual strengths such as transgender and gender-expansive (TGE) identity pride. This study examined the roles of gender expression discrimination and pride in mental health among TGE adults across gender identity, race, and class. A national sample of TGE adults (N = 212) completed online measures assessing gender identity, race, income, gender expression-related discrimination, TGE identity pride, and depression and anxiety symptoms. Gender expression discrimination was positively associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC), higher income, transfeminine participants reported more gender expression discrimination. High TGE identity pride buffered the association between gender expression discrimination and depression-most robustly for BIPOC, lower income, transfeminine participants. TGE identity pride may buffer the effects of gender expression discrimination on depression. Intersectionality in case formulation and treatment planning with TGE individuals is vital.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Identidad de Género , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Personas Transgénero/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , SexismoAsunto(s)
Enfermedad de Parkinson , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Humanos , Enfermedad de Parkinson/psicología , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/normas , Trastornos de Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Climate anxiety has a negative impact on the mental health and psychological wellbeing of the vulnerable population. The goal is to assess many factors that affect mental health and psychological wellbeing, as well as how climate change affects mental health in Pakistan's vulnerable population. This study provides evidence-based insights on the long- and medium-term impacts of extreme weather events on mental health. We conducted semi-structured interviews with a sample of 72 students aged 10-16 years, employing an exploratory qualitative design. The resulting process identified themes and questions for future research on climate change and its psychological effects on children's mental health. As a result, positive emotions embedded in children's climate strategic actions in parent and community contexts helped to mitigate children's perceptions of negative emotions (such as climate anxiety, phobias, fear, sleep disorders, depression, sadness, and substance abuse). Climate change's effects can have a significant impact on mental health. We will be discussing effective strategies to address the expected mental health issues among children caused by climate change. The discussion paper offers a set of recommendations for addressing the mental health impacts of climate change, including improving mental health support systems, integrating climate change education into services, and developing targeted interventions for vulnerable populations.
L'anxiété climatique a un impact négatif sur la santé mentale et le bien-être psychologique de la population vulnérable. L'objectif est d'évaluer de nombreux facteurs qui affectent la santé mentale et le bien-être psychologique, ainsi que la manière dont le changement climatique affecte la santé mentale de la population vulnérable du Pakistan. Cette étude fournit des informations fondées sur des données probantes sur les impacts à long et moyen terme des événements météorologiques extrêmes sur la santé mentale. Nous avons mené des entretiens semi-structurés avec un échantillon de 72 étudiants âgés de 10 à 16 ans, en utilisant une conception qualitative exploratoire. Le processus qui en a résulté a identifié des thèmes et des questions pour de futures recherches sur le changement climatique et ses effets psychologiques sur la santé mentale des enfants. En conséquence, les émotions positives intégrées dans les actions stratégiques climatiques des enfants dans les contextes parental et communautaire ont contribué à atténuer les perceptions des enfants concernant les émotions négatives (telles que l'anxiété climatique, les phobies, la peur, les troubles du sommeil, la dépression, la tristesse et la toxicomanie). Les effets du changement climatique peuvent avoir un impact significatif sur la santé mentale. Nous discuterons de stratégies efficaces pour résoudre les problèmes de santé mentale attendus chez les enfants causés par le changement climatique. Le document de travail propose un ensemble de recommandations pour faire face aux impacts du changement climatique sur la santé mentale, notamment en améliorant les systèmes de soutien en santé mentale, en intégrant l'éducation au changement climatique dans les services et en développant des interventions ciblées pour les populations vulnérables.
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Ansiedad , Cambio Climático , Salud Mental , Investigación Cualitativa , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Niño , Masculino , Poblaciones Vulnerables/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Pakistán/epidemiología , Entrevistas como Asunto , Estudiantes/psicologíaRESUMEN
We investigated the relations between self-reported math anxiety, task difficulty, and pupil dilation in adults and very young children during math tasks of varying difficulty levels. While task difficulty significantly influenced pupillary responses in both groups, the association between self-reported math anxiety and pupil dilation differed across age cohorts. The children exhibited resilience to the effects of math anxiety, hinting at additional influential factors such as formal math education experiences shaping their relations to mathematics and their impact on cognitive processes over time. Contrary to expectations, no significant association between self-reported math anxiety and pupil dilation during task anticipation was found in either group. In adults, math anxiety influenced pupil dilation exclusively during the initial phase of task processing indicating heightened cognitive load, but this influence diminished during sustained task processing. Theoretical implications emphasize the need for exploring individual differences, cognitive strategies, and the developmental trajectory of math anxiety in very young children.
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Ansiedad , Matemática , Pupila , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Ansiedad/psicología , Pupila/fisiología , Adulto , Niño , Adulto Joven , Cognición/fisiología , PreescolarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Burnout, anxiety, and depression continue to affect physicians, postgraduate medical trainees, and medical students globally and in Canada particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this project is to design, implement, monitor, and evaluate a daily supportive SMS text messaging program (Wellness4MDs, Global Psychological e-Health Foundation). The program aims to reduce the prevalence and severity of burnout, anxiety, and depression symptoms among physicians, postgraduate medical trainees, and medical students in Canada. METHODS: This longitudinal study represents a multistakeholder, mixed methods, multiyear implementation science project. Project evaluation will be conducted through a quantitative prospective longitudinal approach using a paired sample comparison, a naturalistic cross-sectional controlled design, and satisfaction surveys. Prevalence estimates for psychological problems would be based on baseline data from self-completed validated rating scales. Additional data will be collected at designated time points for paired comparison. Outcome measures will be assessed using standardized rating scales, including the Maslach Burnout Inventory for burnout symptoms, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depression symptoms, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale for anxiety symptoms, and the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. RESULTS: The project launched in the last quarter of 2023, and program evaluation results will become available within 36 months. The Wellness4MDs program is expected to reduce the prevalence and severity of psychological problems among physicians in Canada and achieve high subscriber satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the Wellness4MDs project evaluation will provide key information regarding the effectiveness of daily supportive SMS text messages and links to mental health resources on these mental health parameters in Canadian physicians, postgraduate trainees, and medical students. Information will be useful for informing policy and decision-making concerning psychological interventions for physicians in Canada. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/44368.
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Agotamiento Profesional , COVID-19 , Médicos , Estudiantes de Medicina , Envío de Mensajes de Texto , Humanos , Canadá/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Médicos/psicología , Estudiantes de Medicina/psicología , Agotamiento Profesional/epidemiología , Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Salud Mental , Femenino , Masculino , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , AdultoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Specialized studies have shown that smartphone-based social interaction data are predictors of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, at times during the COVID-19 pandemic, social interaction took place primarily remotely. To appropriately test these objective data for their added value for epidemiological research during the pandemic, it is necessary to include established predictors. OBJECTIVE: Using a comprehensive model, we investigated the extent to which smartphone-based social interaction data contribute to the prediction of depressive and anxiety symptoms, while also taking into account well-established predictors and relevant pandemic-specific factors. METHODS: We developed the Corona Health App and obtained participation from 490 Android smartphone users who agreed to allow us to collect smartphone-based social interaction data between July 2020 and February 2021. Using a cross-sectional design, we automatically collected data concerning average app use in terms of the categories video calls and telephony, messenger use, social media use, and SMS text messaging use, as well as pandemic-specific predictors and sociodemographic covariates. We statistically predicted depressive and anxiety symptoms using elastic net regression. To exclude overfitting, we used 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: The amount of variance explained (R2) was 0.61 for the prediction of depressive symptoms and 0.57 for the prediction of anxiety symptoms. Of the smartphone-based social interaction data included, only messenger use proved to be a significant negative predictor of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Video calls were negative predictors only for depressive symptoms, and SMS text messaging use was a negative predictor only for anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the relevance of smartphone-based social interaction data in predicting depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, even taken together in the context of a comprehensive model with well-established predictors, the data only add a small amount of value.
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Ansiedad , COVID-19 , Depresión , Aplicaciones Móviles , Teléfono Inteligente , Humanos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Alemania/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Interacción Social , Envío de Mensajes de Texto/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In China, parents who have lost their only child are referred to as Shidu parents (SDPs). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and investigate the influence of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the development of PTSD. METHOD: Four hundred and thirty-six SDPs completed assessments of PTSD (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, SCID-IV; The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale-IV, CAPS-IV), depression (Hamilton depression scale), and anxiety (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) via in-person interviews. Logistic regression and hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses were used to explore the association of demographic characteristics, depression, and anxiety symptoms with PTSD. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTSD in SDPs was 14.45%. The comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms was 87.30% in the SDPs with PTSD. The logistic regression model, which included factors of gender, age, education, depression, and anxiety, which contributed to the development of PTSD, was significant [χ² (11) = 122.47, p < 0.001]. The hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis indicated that female gender and the severity of comorbidities (depression and anxiety) were positively associated with the severity of PTSD. CONCLUSION: This study found that the severity of depression and anxiety was closely related to the severity of PTSD, supporting that SDPs are highly prone to the co-occurrence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety after bereavement. Our findings may provide more insights into the development of individualized interventions for parents who have experienced the loss of their only child.
Asunto(s)
Padres , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , China/epidemiología , Adulto , Padres/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Hijo Único/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Comorbilidad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , NiñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and motherhood are very valuable but challenging for women with multiple sclerosis (MS). Given that there are limited studies in this field, this study aimed to determine the social determinants of health on attitudes toward childbearing among women with MS. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 206 women with MS in Alborz province, Iran, from February to June 2023 using convenience sampling. The data were collected using the questionnaire, and a linear regression analysis was applied. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 36.80 ± 6.50 years. Participants' Attitudes toward Fertility and Childbearing (PAFC) had a positive significant association with social support (B = .10, SE = .04, p = .023) and a significant negative association with the total score of depression, anxiety, and stress scale (B = -.13, SE = .06, p = .047) and depression (B = -.40, SE = .18, p = .023). However, the association between anxiety (B = -.25, SE = .20, p = .211), stress (B = -.36, SE = .18, p = .050), MS severity (B = .04, SE = .30, p = .890), and socioeconomic status scale (SES) (B = -.08, SE = .32, p = .806) was nonsignificant with PAFC. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that factors, including social support and mental health especially depression, can affect PAFC in women with MS. Therefore, it is necessary to determine specific strategies for policymakers to help MS patients manage pregnancy and motherhood.
Asunto(s)
Esclerosis Múltiple , Determinantes Sociales de la Salud , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Irán , Embarazo , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , ActitudRESUMEN
There is evidence that vaccine acceptability is strongly associated with mental health. However, no studies assessing intention to vaccinate (ITV) intention toward children of military parents have been documented. The current research aimed to establish the prevalence and factors of ITV children against COVID-19 in military parents in Lambayeque-Peru, 2021. Analysis was conducted with the dependent variable ITV children reported by military parents. The independent variables were history of mental health, searching for mental health support, food insecurity, resilience, anxiety, depression, burnout, posttraumatic stress, and suicidal risk. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Of 201 military personnel evaluated, 92.5% were male, 82.5% were of the Catholic faith, and the median age was 40.9% of respondents reported seeking mental health help during the COVID-19 pandemic. It was reported anxiety (20.3%), depression (6.5%), and posttraumatic stress disorder (6.5%). Most reported ITV in children against COVID-19 (93%). In the multiple models, we found that Catholics had a 23% higher prevalence of ITV in the children where PR = prevalence ratios and CI = confidence intervals (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01-1.50). Likewise, seeking mental health support increased the prevalence of ITV by 8% (PR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00-1.15). Seeking mental health support and belonging to the Catholic faith had a higher ITV of children of Peruvian military personnel. Finding mental health support, experiencing burnout syndrome, having a relative who suffers from mental health problems, and being part of the Catholic religion were associated with a higher willingness to immunize the children of Peruvian military members.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Salud Mental , Padres , Vacunación , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Adulto , Perú/epidemiología , Vacunación/psicología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/uso terapéutico , Padres/psicología , Personal Militar/psicología , Niño , SARS-CoV-2 , Intención , Familia Militar/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicologíaRESUMEN
Background: While there are benefits to women entering the workforce, there are also drawbacks, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, which can lower quality of life. However, some research indicates that women's spiritual health may be a protective factor in these situations. This study is to explore the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life, stress, anxiety, and depression among a population of women working in health care centers, given the existence of such a relationship among women. Methods: In 2022, 500 women who worked in health centers in Izeh City, Iran, participated in this cross-sectional survey. The clustered census sampling approach was used for the sample. The research participants completed a 12-item quality of life questionnaire on spiritual health, stress, anxiety, and depression as part of the data gathering process. The data were examined using independent t tests, one-way variance, and Pearson correlation after being entered into SPSS-24. Results: Of the participants, 18% were single and 68% were married. In terms of depression, stress, and anxiety, the mean and standard deviation were 8.26 ± 5.78, 11.26 ± 4.89, and 7.91 ± 0.98, respectively. The quality of life had a mean and standard deviation of 30.82 ± 3.56. Women who were unmarried and had more work experience reported a considerably greater quality of life (p < 0.05). The findings indicated that stress and spiritual health (p = 0.001), anxiety and spiritual health (p = 0.032), and depression and spiritual health (p = 0.024) all had a significant and inverse association. Furthermore, a strong and positive correlation was found (p = 0.001) between spiritual health and quality of life. Conclusion: The study's conclusions demonstrated a clear link between spiritual health and life satisfaction, suggesting that working women's quality of life may be raised by treatments that support spiritual health. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between spiritual health and the psychological variables of stress, anxiety, and depression. This suggests that by understanding the factors influencing mental health and the role of spiritual health moderator, it may be possible to improve the psychological state of employed women.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad , Depresión , Calidad de Vida , Espiritualidad , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Femenino , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Irán , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología , Mujeres Trabajadoras/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Background: Physical and sexual violence against pregnant women have been associated with detrimental mental health outcomes for victims. Few studies have examined both positive (wellbeing) and negative (illbeing) mental health indicators in the same sample. Additionally, the literature assessing mental health based on different forms of violence is limited.Objective: To compare both wellbeing (life satisfaction) and illbeing (anxiety and depression) trajectories between non-victimized and victims of physical, sexual and both forms of violence that occurred during or shortly before pregnancy. Further, we analyse whether social support moderates these trajectories.Method: This longitudinal study is based on the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort, including the period from early pregnancy to toddlerhood (3 years). We compared wellbeing and illbeing trajectories of non-victims (n = 73,081), victims of physical abuse (n = 1076), sexual abuse (n = 683), and both forms of abuse (n = 107) using Growth Curve Modelling. Finally, social support was included as a moderator of wellbeing and illbeing trajectories.Results: Results indicated that victims scored systematically lower in wellbeing and higher in illbeing. Exposure to violence did not significantly change the wellbeing trajectory, pointing to similar developments in wellbeing among victims and non-victims for the considered period. On the other hand, different trajectories in illbeing occurred between victims and non-victims, as well as between victimized groups. Victims experienced greater change in illbeing scores, with a steeper decrease in illbeing compared to non-victims. Both victims and non-victims returned to respective baseline scores 3 years after birth. All women benefited from social support, but victims of physical abuse were particularly protected by social support.Conclusions: There is an alarming persistence of mental health problems in women exposed to violence during peripregnancy. Different forms of violence differentially impact women's mental health. Social support is beneficial among all pregnant women.
Victims of peripregnancy violence score systematic lower in wellbeing over time than non-victims. However, the wellbeing trajectories among victims and non-victims are similar.On the other hand, illbeing (anxiety and depression) trajectories differ for non-victims and victims of physical, sexual and both forms of violence. All women decreased their levels of illbeing from pregnancy to the first 6 months postpartum, but victims had a steeper decrease during this period compared to non-victims.All women benefited from social support, but victims of physical abuse were particularly protected by social support.