RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To verify whether shorter telomere length is associated with anorexia of ageing in community-dwelling older people. METHODS: Conducted as a cross-sectional investigation, the study enrolled 448 participants residing in an urban area of a municipality in Brazil. Relative telomere length in blood samples was measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), whereas the presence of anorexia of ageing was determined using the Simplified Appetite Nutritional Questionnaire. Data analysis employed multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the 448 older individuals surveyed, 70.69% were female, and the predominant age bracket ranged from 60 to 69 years (45.08%). Approximately 25% exhibited the shortest telomeric length, with a corresponding anorexia of ageing prevalence of 41.16%. Older individuals with diminished telomere lengths displayed an increased likelihood of experiencing anorexia of ageing (odds ratio [OR] = 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-3.29), independent of factors such as gender, age group, depressive symptoms, pain and performance in basic daily life activities. CONCLUSIONS: The observed association between anorexia of ageing and a telomeric biomarker underscores the imperative to meticulously evaluate the nutritional dimensions of older people, with a view to implementing interventions that may enhance their overall health status.
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Envejecimiento , Anorexia , Vida Independiente , Telómero , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Acortamiento del Telómero , Prevalencia , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estado Nutricional , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodosRESUMEN
Cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a debilitating condition afflicting up to 80% of advanced-stage cancer patients. Characterized by progressive weight loss, muscle wasting, and metabolic abnormalities, CACS significantly compromises patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes. This comprehensive review navigates through its intricate physiopathology, elucidating its stages and diagnostic methodologies. CACS manifests in three distinct stages: pre-cachexia, established cachexia, and refractory cachexia. Early detection is pivotal for effective intervention and is facilitated by screening tools, complemented by nutritional assessments and professional evaluations. The diagnostic process unravels the complex interplay of metabolic dysregulation and tumor-induced factors contributing to CACS. Management strategies, tailored to individual patient profiles, encompass a spectrum of nutritional interventions. These include dietary counseling, oral nutritional supplements, and, when necessary, enteral nutrition and a judicious use of parenteral nutrition. Specific recommendations for caloric intake, protein requirements, and essential nutrients address the unique challenges posed by CACS. While pharmacological agents like megestrol acetate may be considered, their use requires careful evaluation of potential risks. At its core, this review underscores the imperative for a holistic and personalized approach to managing CACS, integrating nutritional interventions and pharmacological strategies based on a nuanced understanding of patient's condition.
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Anorexia , Caquexia , Neoplasias , Humanos , Anorexia/diagnóstico , Anorexia/etiología , Anorexia/terapia , Caquexia/terapia , Caquexia/etiología , Caquexia/diagnóstico , Oncología Médica/normas , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/terapia , Evaluación Nutricional , Calidad de Vida , Sociedades Médicas/normasRESUMEN
Ten cases of small intestinal tympany with or without volvulus were documented in Central American river turtles (Dermatemys mawii). These turtles were under managed care at the Philadelphia Zoo in Philadelphia, PA, USA, with one case followed after transfer to a different institution. The primary clinical presentation was abnormal buoyancy in nearly all cases (9/10) and anorexia in two cases (2/10). Five of 10 turtles with suspected or radiographically confirmed small intestinal tympany recovered (5/10), whereas five cases (5/ 10) resulted in death or euthanasia. In all fatal cases (5/5), small intestinal volvulus was identified at gross necropsy, with concurrent colonic volvulus identified in 2/5 cases. Other notable necropsy findings were hepatic lipidosis (3/5) and thrombosis of intestinal or renal vasculature (2/5). In all fatal cases (5/5), there was short (1 to 2 days) clinical progression from abnormal buoyancy to death or euthanasia. In the majority of cases (6/10), an abrupt change in diet, notably the overfeeding of fresh fruit or excessive amounts of mulberry (Morus spp.) browse, or ingestion of indigestible foreign material, occurred prior to presentation. Temporary suboptimal environmental temperatures were suspected prior to the onset of clinical signs in 4/10 cases. Optimal husbandry conditions including nutrition and environmental temperature appear vital to preventing this condition. Recognition of early clinical signs of this condition, such as abnormal buoyancy and anorexia, and environmental correction or medical therapy, may prevent fatality and result in a better outcome in these cases.
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Vólvulo Intestinal , Tortugas , Animales , Vólvulo Intestinal/diagnóstico , Vólvulo Intestinal/veterinaria , Anorexia/veterinaria , Dieta , América CentralRESUMEN
Importance: Currently there is no standard therapy to improve cancer-related anorexia, hampering survival. Mirtazapine has been suggested as a feasible option in this context. Objectives: To assess the effect of mirtazapine on appetite and energy consumption in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Design, Setting, and Participants: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial including adults was performed in a tertiary cancer care center from August 2018 to May 2022 with a follow-up of 8 weeks. Overall, 134 patients were screened; 114 were assessed for eligibility and 28 were excluded. Interventions: Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive mirtazapine, 15 mg, or placebo for 2 weeks followed by a dose escalation to 30 mg until week 8 or placebo. Both groups received nutritional assessment and dietary advice. Main outcomes and measures: Appetite was assessed by the Anorexia Cachexia Scale and energy intake. Dietary parameters were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, with a 24-hour dietary recall, and energy quantification based on the Mexican system of nutritional equivalents. Results: A total of 86 patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomized to the placebo (n = 43) or the mirtazapine group (n = 43). The mean (SD) age was 63.5 (11.2) years, 41 were women (57.7%) and had adenocarcinoma, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status scale score of 1, stage IV NSCLC, and were receiving first-line treatment. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. There was no difference in appetite scores in patients who received mirtazapine or placebo after 4 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, mirtazapine significantly increased energy intake (379.3 kcal; 95% CI, 1382.6-576.1; P < .001) including proteins (22.5 g; 95% CI, 11.5-33.4; P = .001), carbohydrates (43.4 g; 95% CI, 13.1-73.8; P = .006), and fats (13.2 g; 95% CI, 6.0-20.4; P = .006). Fats intake was significantly higher in patients in the mirtazapine group (14.5 g vs 0.7 g; P = .02) after 8 weeks. The mirtazapine group significantly decreased the proportion of patients with sarcopenia (82.8% vs 57.1%, P = .03) at 8 weeks. Patients on mirtazapine tolerated the treatment well, but reported a higher perception of nightmares at 2 weeks based on a 10 cm VAS score (0 [25th-75th percentile, 0-1] vs 0 [25th-75th percentile, 0-0] in the control group; P = .009) but this finding was nonsignificant after 4 and 8 weeks. Conclusion and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial of patients with advanced NSCLC, there was no difference in appetite scores in all patients who received mirtazapine or placebo, but the mirtazapine group had a significant increase in energy intake through the 4- and 8-week follow-up, mainly in fat intake, which is a better and crucial source of energy. The addition of mirtazapine in the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC and anorexia may help these patients achieve their energy requirements and improve health-related quality of life, specifically emotional and cognitive functioning. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04748523.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anorexia/etiología , Estimulantes del Apetito/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Método Doble Ciego , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Mirtazapina/uso terapéutico , Calidad de Vida/psicología , AdultoAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria , Masculino , Perros , Animales , Letargia/etiología , Letargia/veterinaria , Anorexia/etiología , Anorexia/veterinaria , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugíaRESUMEN
Background: Prostate disease represents about 0.7% of diseases in canines. The main diagnosed pathology is benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the reports that study the association of a certain clinical sign with a specific prostate disease are scarce. Aim: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical relevance of the most commonly observed clinical signs associated with the different prostatic disorders in canines admitted to the hospital of the Facultad de Veterinaria-Universidad de la República between 2011 and 2019. Methods: This retrospective study included 7,729 male canines treated at the hospital de la Facultad de Veterinaria-Universidad de la República (Montevideo, Uruguay) between 2011 and 2019. 289 canines with a presumptive/definitive diagnosis of prostate diseases were selected, recording the presence/absence of associated clinical signs. Results were reported in terms of odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression (p < 0.05). Results: The five most frequently reported clinical signs were tenesmus (34%), anorexia (32%), lethargy (27%), prostatomegaly or pain during rectal examination (25%), and abdominal pain from palpation (22%). Diarrhea (3.39 vs. 0.33 OR), anorexia (2.07 vs. 0.39 OR), weight loss (2.27 vs. 0.27 OR), hematuria (3.25 vs. 0.44 OR), and urinary incontinence (2.96 vs. 0.33 OR) indicated a highest predictive value (p < 0.05) with prostatitis versus BPH, respectively. Being weight loss, the clinical sign is more frequently associated with neoplasia (20.2 OR, p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study shows that there are clinical signs with a higher degree of association for certain canine prostatic disorders than others.
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Enfermedades de los Perros , Hiperplasia Prostática , Masculino , Animales , Perros , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiología , Hiperplasia Prostática/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Uruguay/epidemiología , Anorexia/complicaciones , Anorexia/veterinaria , Pérdida de Peso , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Anorexia of aging is a common geriatric syndrome that includes loss of appetite and/or reduced food intake, with associated undernutrition, unintended weight loss, sarcopenia, functional decline, loss of independence and other adverse health outcomes. Anorexia of aging can have multiple and severe consequences and is often overlooked by healthcare professionals (HCPs). Even more concerningly, clinicians commonly accept anorexia of aging as an inevitable part of 'normal' aging. The aim of this assessment was to identify current gaps in professional knowledge and practice in identifying and managing older persons with anorexia. Results may guide educational programmes to fill the gaps identified and therefore improve patient outcomes. METHODS: This international assessment was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, including focus group interviews with subject matter experts and an electronic survey of practicing HCPs. The assessment was led by the Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders (SCWD) and was supported by in-country collaborating organizations. RESULTS: A quantitative survey of 26 multiple-choice questions was completed by physicians, dietitians and other HCPs (n = 1545). Most HCPs (56.8%) recognize a consistent definition of anorexia of aging as a loss of appetite and/or low food intake. Cognitive changes/dementia (91%) and dysphagia (87%) are seen as the biggest risk factors. Most respondents were confident to give nutritional (62%) and physical activity (59.4%) recommendations and engaged caregivers such as family members in supporting older adults with anorexia (80.6%). Most clinicians assessed appetite at each visit (66.7%), although weight is not measured at every visit (41.5%). Apart from the Mini-Nutritional Assessment Short Form (39%), other tools to screen for appetite loss are not frequently used or no tools are used at all (29.4%). A high number of respondents (38.7%) believe that anorexia is a normal part of aging. Results show that treatment is focused on swallowing disorders (78%), dentition issues (76%) and increasing oral intake (fortified foods [75%] and oral nutritional supplements [74%]). Nevertheless, the lack of high-quality evidence is perceived as a barrier to optimal treatment (49.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this international assessment highlight the challenges in the care of older adults with or at risk for anorexia of aging. Identifying professional practice gaps between individual HCPs and team-based gaps can provide a basis for healthcare education that is addressed at root causes, targeted to specific audiences and developed to improve individual and team practices that contribute to improving patient outcomes.
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Envejecimiento , Anorexia , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Humanos , Anorexia/diagnóstico , Personal de Salud , Brechas de la Práctica Profesional , Sarcopenia/complicacionesRESUMEN
This study sought to synthesize and reinterpret findings from primary qualitative studies on the experience of health professionals in caring for people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with the SPIDER search strategy assessing six databases. A meta-synthesis was performed with data from qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers screened and assessed the articles, extracted data from the articles and elaborated thematic synthesis. Nineteen articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The meta-synthesis revealed three descriptive themes: Going outside the comfort zone: hard relational experiences of health professionals in providing care for people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; Reflecting on treatment: relevance of discussion, communication, and flexibility in health professionals' work with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; and Dealing with ambivalences: experiences of health professionals with family members of people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We elaborated two analytical themes: Making work with eating disorders palatable: malleability necessary for health professionals in bonding with people with anorexia and bulimia nervosa and their families; and Leaving the professional comfort zone: transition from multi to interdisciplinary. Thus, mental health professionals who work with people diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia nervosa cope with hard emotional experiences that makes them feel out of their comfort zone, requiring flexibility to benefit a good therapeutic alliance, but there are still difficulties in promoting interdisciplinarity.
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Anorexia Nerviosa , Bulimia Nerviosa , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Humanos , Anorexia Nerviosa/terapia , Anorexia Nerviosa/diagnóstico , Anorexia Nerviosa/psicología , Bulimia Nerviosa/terapia , Bulimia Nerviosa/psicología , Anorexia , BrasilRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo é descrever o caso de mulher com síndrome de Meigs e apresentar a revisão narrativa sobre o tema. Paciente do sexo feminino, 30 anos, nulípara, encaminhada ao hospital por massa anexial e história prévia de drenagem de derrame pleural. Evoluiu com instabilidade hemodinâmica por derrame pleural hipertensivo à direita, sendo submetida a drenagem torácica, com citologia do líquido negativa. Após, foi submetida a laparotomia: realizada salpingo-ooforectomia esquerda. A congelação e a análise histopatológica diagnosticaram fibroma ovariano. A citologia ascítica foi negativa. CA-125 elevado, presença de derrames cavitários e exame de imagem suspeito podem mimetizar um cenário de neoplasia maligna de ovário em estágio avançado. Entretanto, na síndrome de Meigs clássica, o tratamento é cirúrgico, sendo o diagnóstico obtido por meio da análise histopatológica do tumor ovariano. O manejo da síndrome de Meigs clássica é cirúrgico e, após a remoção do tumor, o derrame pleural e a ascite desaparecem.
To describe a case of Meigs syndrome and present a narrative review of the condition. Female patient, 30 years old, nulliparous, referred to the hospital due to an adnexal mass and a previous drainage of pleural effusion. She developed hemodynamic instability due to a hypertensive right pleural effusion being submitted to chest drainage, with negative cytology of the fluid. She underwent laparotomy: Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and frozen section and histopathological analysis diagnosed an ovarian fibroma. Ascites cytology was negative. Elevated CA-125, presence of cavitary effusions, suspicious imaging exam can mimic a scenario of ovarian cancer at an advanced stage. However, in classical Meigs syndrome, treatment is surgical, and the diagnosis is obtained through histopathological analysis of the ovarian tumor. Classical Meigs syndrome' management is surgical. After tumor removal, pleural effusion and ascites resolve.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Síndrome de Meigs/cirugía , Síndrome de Meigs/diagnóstico , Informes de Casos , Pérdida de Peso , Anorexia/complicaciones , Salud de la Mujer , Dolor Pélvico , Tos/complicaciones , Disnea/complicaciones , Fatiga/complicaciones , Abdomen/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cancer patients often suffer from malnutrition and early detection and raising awareness of nutritional issues is crucial in this population. METHODS: The Spanish Oncology Society (SEOM) conducted the Quasar_SEOM study to investigate the current impact of the Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome (ACS). The study employed questionnaires and the Delphi method to gather input from both cancer patients and oncologists on key issues related to early detection and treatment of ACS. A total of 134 patients and 34 medical oncologists were surveyed about their experiences with ACS. The Delphi methodology was used to evaluate oncologists' perspectives of ACS management, ultimately leading to a consensus on the most critical issues. RESULTS: Despite widespread acknowledgement of malnutrition in cancer as a significant issue by 94% of oncologists, the study revealed deficiencies in knowledge and protocol implementation. A mere 65% of physicians reported being trained to identify and treat these patients, with 53% failing to address ACS in a timely manner, 30% not monitoring weight, and 59% not adhering to any clinical guidelines. The lack of experience was identified as the primary hindrance to the use of orexigens in 18% of cases. Furthermore, patients reported concerns and a perception of inadequate attention to malnutrition-related issues from their physicians. CONCLUSION: The results of this study point to a gap in the care of this syndrome and a need to improve education and follow-up of cancer patients with anorexia-cachexia.
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Desnutrición , Neoplasias , Oncólogos , Humanos , Caquexia/diagnóstico , Caquexia/etiología , Caquexia/terapia , Anorexia/diagnóstico , Anorexia/etiología , Anorexia/terapia , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/terapia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/etiología , Desnutrición/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to assess the effects of omega-3 supplementation as an adjunct treatment for eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the terms 'anorexia nervosa' AND 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3'. Five randomised controlled trials with a total of 144 participants, published between 2003 and 2022, were included. RESULTS: The effects of supplementation of omega-3 on anxiety were standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 1.66; p = 0.08; I² = 3%; two studies, 33 participants; moderate quality of evidence. For depression, the supplementation of omega-3 was SMD: 0.22, 95% CI: -0.50 to 0.93; p = 0.18; I² = 45%; two studies, 33 participants; moderate quality of evidence. For obsessive-compulsive disorder, the supplementation of omega-3 was SMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.70 to 2.25; p = 0.36; I² = 0%; three studies, 32 participants; low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION: This research showed that regardless of dose, time or, if associated with other components, the use of omega-3 supplementations as an adjuvant treatment showed no evidence of effect in eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Anorexia Nerviosa , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Humanos , Anorexia , Anorexia Nerviosa/complicaciones , Anorexia Nerviosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos GrasosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial metabolic syndrome associated with a pathophysiology intertwined with increased inflammatory response, anorexia, metabolic dysregulation, insulin resistance, and hormonal alterations, which together generate a negative energy balance in favor of catabolism. The development of therapeutic strategies to treat cancer cachexia has always been related to clinical interventions with increased food intake/supplementation, physical exercise regimens, and/or medication to attenuate catabolism and increase the anabolic response. However, the approval of drugs by regulatory agencies has always been a challenge. AREAS COVERED: This review outlines the main pharmacotherapy findings in cancer cachexia as well as the ongoing clinical trials that have evaluated changes in body composition and muscle function. The National Library of Medicine (PubMed) was used as search tool. EXPERT OPINION: The pharmacological therapy for cachexia should be focused on improving body composition, muscle function, and mortality, although none of the compounds used so far was able to demonstrate positive results beyond increased appetite and improvements in body composition. Ponsegromab (GDF15 inhibitor), a new compound that has just entered a phase II clinical trial, is a promising candidate to treat cancer cachexia and may produce exciting results if the study can be conducted as planned.
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Resistencia a la Insulina , Neoplasias , Humanos , Caquexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Caquexia/etiología , Caquexia/metabolismo , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Anorexia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anorexia/metabolismoRESUMEN
Introdução: A anorexia do envelhecimento (AE) é considerada uma síndrome multicausal que desregula e reduz o consumo alimentar e aumenta o risco de desnutrição. O questionário Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) foi proposto para monitorar o apetite. Considerando a importância da anorexia e apetite como indicadores de desnutrição, a possibilidade do uso do SNAQ em serviços de saúde, para atendimento de pacientes idosos, pode ser uma estratégia importante na prevenção de agravos a saúde. Objetivos: 1-Traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o questionário de rastreio de anorexia do envelhecimento SNAQ para português do Brasil; 2- Identificar a força das associações entre perda de apetite, fragilidade e fatores psicossociais em pessoas idosas; 3-Verificar a aplicabilidade clínica do critério GLIM (identificação de desnutrição proposto por Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition) para pessoas idosas que vivem na comunidade, incluindo o SNAQ nesta avaliação. Métodos: a presente tese foi desenvolvida no formato de três artigos científicos. Artigo 1 (A1)- Versão em português do questionário SNAQ: tradução e adaptação cultural - desenvolvido em cinco etapas: tradução, retrotradução, avaliação semântica, compreensão de conteúdo, pré teste e desenvolvimento da versão final; Artigo 2 (A2)- Associação entre perda de apetite, fragilidade e fatores psicossociais em pessoas idosas da comunidade - análise transversal na coorte MiMiCS-FRAIL sediada em Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brasil. Foram testados modelos de associação entre a perda de apetite (variável dependente - SNAQ) e a fragilidade (FI-36), sintomas depressivos (GDS) e estado socioeconômico (proxies: etnia e escolaridade) utilizando modelos de regressão logística (simples e múltiplo); Artigo 3 (A3)- Aplicabilidade do critério GLIM em pessoas idosas da comunidade no Brasil: dados do estudo MiMiCS-FRAIL - utilizando uma amostra da mesma coorte do A2, foram desenvolvidas 21 combinações dos critérios fenotípicos (perda de peso não intencional-PP, baixo Índice de Massa Corpórea-IMC e massa muscular reduzida - circunferência de panturrilha-CP) e etiológicos (redução do consumo alimentar-SNAQ e carga de doença-Índice de Comorbidade de Charlson-ICC) para as análises de melhor combinação GLIM. Estas combinações do GLIM foram comparadas com a classificação da MAN completa ("semi-padrão ouro" para desnutrição). Para tal, foram analisadas curvas ROC. As melhores combinações, conforme sensibilidade (S) e especificidade (E) foram testadas em relação a associação a fragilidade (FI-36) e sarcopenia (SARC-F). Resultados principais: A1-A versão brasileira do SNAQ manteve o significado em relação a original, requerendo modificações como inclusão de outras opções em respostas e definição do significado de refeição; A2-Os modelos de regressão múltiplos indicaram associação significativa entre perda de apetite e as seguintes variáveis independentes: idade (OR=1,11; IC95%=1,03-1,20, p<0,01), ser de etnia não branca (OR=6,47; IC95%=1,63-25,58; p<0,01) e apresentar sintomas depressivos (OR=8,38; IC95%=2,31-30,47, p<0,01); A3-A melhor combinação para identificação da desnutrição foi o GLIM1 - IMC e SNAQ (AUC=0,98; IC95%=0,97-0,99; S=1,0; E=0,96), que identificou 4,2% de desnutrição nesta amostra. Em relação a fragilidade, o GLIM20 - CP, PP, SNAQ e ICC, teve significativamente o melhor valor de beta ajustado e menor IC (ß ajustado=0,050; s=0,01; p=0,01; IC95%=0,010-0,080). Não houve associação signficativas entre GLIM e sarcopenia. Conclusões: O questionário SNAQ - versão brasileira demonstra associações com outros quadros clínicos e psicossociais que inteferem na saúde de pessoas idosas; sua fácil aplicabilidade e baixo custo indicam a possibilidade de compor o diagnósticos de desnutrição por meio do critério GLIM na nossa amostra, composta por pessoas idosas que vivem independentemente.
Background: The Anorexia of aging (AA) is a multicausal syndrome that affects food intake and decreases food consumption, leading to increased risk of malnutrition. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) was developed to monitor appetite. Anorexia and and appetite loss are initial aspects of malnutrition. So, the possibility to use the SNAQ in healthcare services for older adults evaluation might be an important strategy to prevent health negative outcomes. Objectives: 1- To translate and culturally adapt the anorexia of aging questionnaire SNAQ for Brazilian Portuguese language; 2-To identify the association between appetite loss, frailty and psychosocial factors in a group of community-dweling older adults; 3-To verify the applicability of the GLIM criteria to identify malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults, including the SNAQ in this evaluation. Methods: this thesis was developed in a three scientific article format. Article 1 (A1) - Portuguese version of the SNAQ questionnaire: translation and cultural adaptation - developed in five steps: translation, backtranslation, semantic evaluation, comprehension of content; pre-test and the SNAQ final version development; Article 2 (A2) - The association between appetite loss, frailty and psychosocial factors in community-dwelling older adults - cross-sectional analysis from the MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort located in Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. Association models tested appetite loss (SNAQ - dependent variable) against frailty (FI-36), depressive symptoms (GDS) and socialeconomic variables (schooling and ethnicity as proxies) through logistic regression models (single and multiple); Article 3 (A3) - Applicability of GLIM criteria in community-dwelling older adults from Brazil: data from MiMiCS-FRAIL cohort - It were tested 21 GLIM combinations from phenotypic (unintentional weight loss-WL, low Body Mass Index-BMI and reduced muscle mass - calf circunference-CP) and etiological (reduced food intake-SNAQ and disease burden- Charlson Comorbidity Index-CCI) criteria for best GLIM combinations to this sample. Each combination was tested against a tool indicated as a "semi-gold standard" (the Mini-Nutritional Assessment- full form; MNA-FF). Therefore ROC curves were analysed; the best combinations, according to sensibility (SE) and specificity (SP), were tested in regression models to verify the association with frailty (FI-36) and sarcopenia (SARC-F). Main Results: A1 - SNAQ Portuguese version maintained the original meaning and referral; It was required some modifications as inclusion of other options to the answers of some questions and a meal definition; A2-The multiple regression models showed association between appetite loss and age (OR=1.11; 95%CI=1.03-1.20, p<0.01), being non-white (OR=6.47; 95%CI=1.63-25.58; p<0.01) and presence of depressive symptoms (OR=8.38; 95%CI=2.31-30.47, p<0.01); A3-GLIM1-BMI and SNAQ was the best combination for malnutrition (AUC=0.98; 95%CI=0.97-0.99; SE=1,0; SP=0.96) and identified 4.2% of malnutrition on this sample. For frailty, GLIM20 - CC, WL, SNAQ and CCI had the best adjusted beta and lowest CI (Adj. ß=0.050; SE=0.01; p=0.01; 95%CI=0.010-0.080). There was no significant association with sarcopenia. Conclusions: Portuguese version of the SNAQ questionnaire demonstrates association to other clinical and psychosocial aspects in older adults; its easy and low-cost applicability demonstrate the possibility to be included in GLIM criteria for malnutrition evaluation in our sample, which was composed by community-dwelling older adults.
Asunto(s)
Apetito , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Anorexia , Estado Nutricional , Desnutrición , FragilidadRESUMEN
As restrições impostas pela pandemia de covid-19 levaram os serviços de saúde a reorganizarem seu funcionamento, ajustando-se à modalidade remota. A transição repentina e sem o devido preparo técnico impôs desafios adicionais para usuários e profissionais. Para aprimorar as estratégias assistenciais, torna-se imprescindível dar voz aos usuários dos serviços, para que narrem suas experiências e possam manifestar suas facilidades e dificuldades com essa passagem. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar como os principais cuidadores familiares de pessoas com transtornos alimentares vivenciaram a transição do grupo de apoio para o formato remoto e identificar vantagens e desvantagens percebidas nesse modelo. Estudo clínico-qualitativo, exploratório, realizado em um serviço de atendimento especializado de um hospital terciário. O cenário investigado foi o grupo de apoio psicológico aberto a familiares que, desde o início da pandemia de covid-19, passou a ser oferecido na modalidade online. Participaram do estudo cinco mães e três pais presentes em 13 sessões grupais consecutivas. Entrevistas individuais foram aplicadas com a Técnica do Incidente Crítico logo após o término de cada encontro grupal, totalizando 26 entrevistas audiogravadas, transcritas e submetidas à análise temática. A transição para o online foi vivenciada pelos participantes como um recurso válido para permitir que o grupo funcionasse em tempos de grave crise sanitária. Como vantagens, foram mencionadas: a continuidade do cuidado, maior acessibilidade e facilidade em relação à logística da participação. Como limitações do formato online, foram destacadas: nem todos os familiares contam com conexão de internet de qualidade e possível dificuldade para manusear a tecnologia digital. Apesar dos desafios impostos pela súbita mudança para a modalidade online, na perspectiva dos usuários do serviço os esforços de adaptação foram bem-sucedidos, possibilitando a continuidade do cuidado à saúde mental.(AU)
The constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic led health services to reorganize their operation, adjusting to the online modality. The sudden and unprepared technical transition has imposed additional challenges for both users and professionals. To improve care strategies, it is essential to give voice to services users, so that they can narrate their experiences and express their facilities and difficulties with this transition. This study aims to investigate how main family caregivers of people with eating disorders experienced the transition of the support group to the remote modality and to identify perceived advantages and disadvantages in this model. This is a clinical-qualitative, exploratory study carried out in a specialized care service of a tertiary hospital. The investigated setting was the psychological support group open to family members, which since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic has been offered online. Five mothers and three fathers who attended 13 consecutive group sessions participated in the study. Individual interviews were carried out with the Critical Incident Technique shortly after the end of each group meeting with all members, totaling 26 audio-recorded interviews. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Transition was experienced as a valid resource to maintain the group active in times of a severe health crisis. As advantages of the remote modality were mentioned: continuity of care, greater accessibility, and ease in relation to the logistics of participation. As limitations of the online format were highlighted: not everyone has a good-quality connection to the internet, and difficulty in handling the digital technology. Despite the challenges imposed by the sudden shift to the online modality, from the service users' perspective the adaptation efforts were successful, enabling continuity of mental health care.(AU)
Las limitaciones que impuso la pandemia de la COVID-19 llevaron a los servicios sanitarios a reorganizar su funcionamiento adaptándose a la modalidad remota. El súbito cambio y sin la preparación técnica adecuada implicó retos adicionales a los usuarios y profesionales. Para mejorar las estrategias de atención es fundamental dar voz a los usuarios de los servicios, para que puedan narrar sus experiencias y expresar sus facilidades y dificultades con esta transición. Este estudio pretende investigar cómo han vivido los cuidadores de personas con trastornos alimentarios la transición del grupo de apoyo presencial al formato remoto e identificar las ventajas y desventajas percibidas en este modelo. Se trata de un estudio clínicocualitativo, exploratorio. El escenario investigado fue el grupo de apoyo psicológico abierto a los familiares en la modalidad en línea. Cinco madres y tres padres participaron en 13 sesiones de grupo consecutivas. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales con la técnica de incidentes críticos inmediatamente después de cada reunión del grupo, con un total de 26 entrevistas grabadas en audio, transcritas y sometidas a análisis temático. La transición a la red fue experimentada como un recurso válido para permitir que el grupo funcione en tiempos de crisis sanitaria grave. Las ventajas de la modalidad remota fueron conexión segura en tiempos de confinamiento físico, continuidad, mayor accesibilidad y facilidad en relación con la logística de la participación. Las limitaciones del formato en línea fueron la falta de una conexión de calidad a Internet y la posible dificultad de manejo de la tecnología digital. A pesar de las dificultades impuestas por el cambio repentino a la modalidad en línea, desde la perspectiva de los usuarios del servicio los esfuerzos de adaptación fueron un éxito, lo que permitió seguir con la atención de salud mental.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Padres , Grupos de Autoayuda , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Cuidadores , COVID-19 , Ansiedad , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Pacientes , Psicología , Psicopatología , Calidad de Vida , Rechazo en Psicología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Autoimagen , Aislamiento Social , Apoyo Social , Estrés Fisiológico , Estrés Psicológico , Terapéutica , Delgadez , Vómitos , Mujeres , Terapia Conductista , Imagen Corporal , Peso Corporal , Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional , Adaptación Psicológica , Movilidad Laboral , Factores Biológicos , Anorexia , Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Bulimia , Anorexia Nerviosa , Aglomeración , Eficacia , Adolescente , Empleos Subvencionados , Suicidio Asistido , Entrevista , Conducta Compulsiva , Privacidad , Trastornos de Ingestión y Alimentación en la Niñez , Consejo , Características Culturales , Muerte , Depresión , Diagnóstico , Dieta , Diuréticos , Escolaridad , Medio Ambiente y Salud Pública , Insuficiencia Renal , Bulimia Nerviosa , Laxativos , Conflicto Familiar , Miedo , Conducta Alimentaria , Peso Corporal Ideal , Trastorno por Atracón , Pandemias , Red Social , Paquetes de Atención al Paciente , Nutricionistas , Estudio Clínico , Perfeccionismo , Sistemas de Apoyo Psicosocial , Adicción a la Comida , Revisión Sistemática , Tristeza , Administración de las Tecnologías de la Información , Trastorno de la Ingesta Alimentaria Evitativa/Restrictiva , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales , Distrés Psicológico , Prejuicio de Peso , Teletrabajo , Distanciamiento Físico , Psicoterapeutas , Ortorexia Nerviosa , Estructura Social , Factores Sociodemográficos , Apoyo Familiar , Culpa , Traslado de Instalaciones de Salud , Aprendizaje , Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Trastornos Mentales , Trastornos Neuróticos , ObesidadRESUMEN
Rangeliosis is the disease caused by Rangelia vitalii, a parasite reported in dogs from southeastern and southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Argentina. This protozoan is transmitted by the ixodid Amblyomma aureolatum, and infects erythrocytes, leukocytes, and vascular endothelial cells of the host. The common clinical signs, such as prostration, fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, anorexia, weight loss, and dehydration, are also found in other infections, like canine babesiosis and ehrlichiosis. The similar clinical presentation with other diseases, as well as the indistinguishable morphology with intraerythrocytic Babesia canis, complicates the disease diagnostic. In the present study, blood samples from dogs presenting clinical signs compatible with hemoparasitosis were investigated for rangeliosis. The dogs were treated at veterinary clinics in the cities of Blumenau and Lages, in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Blood samples from 17 dogs were analyzed by PCR. The samples were screened by a conventional piroplasma-PCR and the positives confirmed by a specific R. vitalii-qPCR. Two animals (2/17; 11.8%) were positive for R. vitalii, one from Blumenau and the other from Lages. Both animals presented unspecific signs of hemoparasitosis, such as apathy, anemia, and anorexia. The results indicate the necessity of molecular assays for the proper identification of the hemoparasite, and to investigate the real prevalence of rangeliosis in the State of Santa Catarina.
Asunto(s)
Anorexia , Babesia , Perros , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Anorexia/veterinaria , Células Endoteliales , Hospitales Veterinarios , AmblyommaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a high cumulative score of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) in a Chilean adult group. A cross-sectional study was performed with the Ethics Committee's approval from the Universidad de los Andes. A consecutive adult (18 to 46 years old) sampling (n = 553) from the Health Center in San Bernardo-Chile, was selected from September 2016 to January 2017. Dental exams were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners, according to the BEWE index. In order to search for potentially related factors, a hetero-applied questionnaire previously developed and evaluated was applied. Our interest was individuals with severe erosion tooth wear (BEWE ≥ 14). Logistic regression models reporting crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR by age, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and p-values were estimated. Variables, odds ratios and 95% CI related with BEWE ≥ 14 were: age (OR 1.1 [1.07-1.14]); currently drinking alcohol (OR 1.59 [1.06-2.39]); esophagitis (OR 8.22 [1.60-42.22]); difficulty to swallow (OR 2.45 [1.10-5.44]); chest pain (OR 2.07 [1.18-3.64]); anorexia (OR 3.82 [1.07-13.68]); vitamin C intake (OR 1.92 [1.08-3.43]). Age, alcohol consumption, self-reported esophagitis, history of gastric symptoms, anorexia, and vitamin C intake were related as risk factors to high BEWE scores in this sample of Chilean adults in San Bernardo, Chile.
Asunto(s)
Esofagitis , Erosión de los Dientes , Desgaste de los Dientes , Adulto , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Erosión de los Dientes/epidemiología , Erosión de los Dientes/etiología , Anorexia/complicaciones , Desgaste de los Dientes/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Esofagitis/complicaciones , Ácido Ascórbico , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum commonly contaminates food commodities across the globe. Due to this, exposure to DON might pose potential health hazards to humans and animals. Biological factors like sex and age can influence the toxicity of DON. However, in toxicological studies involving DON, the sex and age-dependent response has been often overlooked. Thereby, the objective of this study was to evaluate if sex differences are evident in DON's systemic effects in peripubertal rats. Juvenile animals (n = 24) with 28 days postnatal day were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: Control group (n = 12, 6 females and 6 males, mycotoxin-free diet) and DON group (n = 12, 6 females and 6 males, diet containing 10 mg DON/kg of feed). During 28 days of treatment, the animals were weighed weekly and body weight gain and food intake were calculated for each week. After the experimental period, blood samples, intestine, liver, and kidney were collected and destined for biochemical, hematological, histopathological, and oxidative stress analyses. Greater anorectic responses were seen in males, while only females showed increased levels of creatinine and triglycerides. Regardless of sex, DON induces an increased number of white blood cells, particularly lymphocytes and a significant reduction in the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and neutrophils. In males and females fed a DON-contaminated diet, histological lesions were observed in the intestine, liver, and kidney. Ingestion of DON induced a significant increase in the antioxidant potential in the intestine, liver, and kidney. However, this effect was not able to prevent oxidative stress in the renal tissue. Taken together, our results showed a sex-related response in food intake, weight gain, and biochemical parameters in rats exposed to DON during the juvenile and peripubertal periods. In addition, we have verified that oxidative stress is an important mechanism in the nephrotoxicity of DON.
Asunto(s)
Micotoxinas , Tricotecenos , Humanos , Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Masculino , Micotoxinas/toxicidad , Dieta , Anorexia/inducido químicamente , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal and sensory manifestations (GSMs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may affect food intake, resulting in malnutrition and poor outcomes. We characterized the impact of GSMs and oral nutrition supplementation on energy-protein intake (EPI) and hospital discharge in adult patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Patients from two hospitals were enrolled (n = 357). We recorded the presence and type of GSM at admission, estimated energy requirements (EER) and the EPI based on regular food intake (plate diagram sheets) during hospital stays. Patients not achieving 60% of their EER from food over 2 consecutive days received oral nutrition supplementation (ONS) with a high-energy-protein oral drink. RESULTS: Most patients (63.6%) presented with GSMs at admission. Anorexia was the most common manifestation (44%). Patients with anorexia or more than one GSMs were more likely to not achieve 60% EER on the first day of follow-up and to require the ONS intervention (P ≤ 0.050). Prevalence of at least one GSM was higher in patients who did not achieve hospital discharge than in patients who achieved it (74.2% vs 54.6%, P = 0.038). The patients requiring ONS (26.9%) demonstrated good adherence to the intervention (79.3%), achieved their EER during 95.7% of the supplementation time, and presented with hospital discharge rates similar to patients not requiring ONS (92.2% vs 91.9%, respectively; P = 1.000). CONCLUSIONS: GSM were prevalent in COVID-19 and it impaired EER attendance and patient recovery. ONS was well-tolerated, aided EER attendance, and potentially facilitated hospital discharge.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Desnutrición , Terapia Nutricional , Adulto , Anorexia/epidemiología , Anorexia/etiología , Anorexia/terapia , COVID-19/terapia , Ingestión de Energía , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-reported satisfaction of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa. METHODS: The sample consisted of sixty women who attended a specialized mental health clinic of a Brazilian medical school. Participants were distributed into two groups: patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (ABN; n=30) and control patients without eating disorders (CN; n=30). The dental occlusion was evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index; the OHRQoL was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire; and the self-reported satisfaction with the appearance of teeth, speech ability and chewing was obtained by interviews. RESULTS: Severe and very severe malocclusion were observed in 26.67% and 46.67% of patients in the ABN group, respectively, while the CN group showed 80.00% of patients without abnormality/mild malocclusion. ABN group showed a higher proportion of patients (p < 0.05) with tooth loss, spacing in the region of incisors, maxillary misalignment, and mandibular misalignment in relation to CN group. ABN group presented lower (p< 0.05) OHRQoL and self-reported satisfaction with the appearance of teeth, speech ability and chewing, compared to the CN group. There was a significant positive correlation (p< 0.05) between the Dental Aesthetic Index and OHIP-14 scores in the ABN group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of severe malocclusion in ABN group was high, with a negative impact on OHRQoL and self-reported satisfaction with the chewing ability, speech ability and appearance of teeth.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Maloclusión , Anorexia , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Maloclusión/epidemiología , Maloclusión/psicología , Salud Bucal , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Introdução:aanorexia nervosa caracteriza-se por um transtorno alimentar com quadro clínico típico de restrição dietética e desnutrição. Objetivo:verificar a eficácia do uso dos fármacos antipsicóticos olanzapina, quetiapina, risperidonano aumento ponderal de pacientes com tal patologia.Metodologia:utilizou-se de 9 Ensaios Clínicos Randomizados anexados na plataforma Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/PubMed, sendo todos analisados a partir de critérios de inclusão e exclusão feitos aos pares para a realização de uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura.Os artigos foram avaliados através do sistema Grading of Recommendatons AssessmentDevelopment and Evaluaton/GRADE. Resultadose discussão:Percebeu-se a prevalência da olanzapina sobre o aumento do peso entre os pacientes com anorexia comparado ao placebo. Pouca eficácia sobre o ganho ponderal com relação a quetiapina. A risperidona não demonstroualteração do peso ao utilizá-ladurante o tratamento da anorexia nervosa.Conclusões:Os achados sugeriram que aolanzapina, apresentou oefeito mais significativo sobre o ganho de peso em um menor intervalo de tempo (AU).
Introduction:Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an eating disorder with a typical clinical of food restriction and malnutrition. Objective:to verify the effectiveness of the use of the antipsychotic drugs olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone in the weight gain of patients with this pathology. Methodology:9 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCT) were used attached to the Medical Literature Analysis andRetrieval System Online/PubMed/MEDLINE platform, all of which were analyzed based oninclusion and exclusion criteria made in pairs to carry out a Systematic Literature Review. Results and discussion:It was noticed the prevalence of olanzapine on weight gain among patients with anorexia compared to placebo. Little diligence on weight gain with regard to quetiapine. Risperine showed no weight change when used during the treatment of anorexia nervosa. Conclusions:The findings suggest that olanzapine had the most significant effect on weight gain in a short period (AU).
Introducción: La anorexia nerviosa se caracteriza por un trastorno alimentario con un cuadro clínico típico de restricción alimentaria y desnutrición. Objetivo: verificar la efectividad del uso de los medicamentos antipsicóticos olanzapina, quetiapina, risperidonaem el aumento de peso de pacientes con esta patología.Metodología: Se utilizaron 9 Ensayos Clínicos Aleatorizados (RCT) adjuntos a la plataforma Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online / PubMed (MEDLINE), todos fueron analizados en base a criterios de inclusión y exclusión realizados en pares para realizar una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura. Resultados y discusión:Se notó la prevalencia de la olanzapina en la ganancia de peso entre pacientes con anorexia en comparación con el placebo. Poca diligencia en la ganancia de peso con respecto a la quetiapina. Risperine no mostró cambios de peso cuando se usó durante el tratamiento de la anorexia nerviosa. Conclusiones:Los hallazgos sugieren que la olanzapina tuvo el efecto más significativo sobre el aumento de peso en un lapso de tiempo más corto (AU).