Asunto(s)
Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/etnología , Seguridad del Paciente , Migrantes , Adulto , Anciano , Angola/etnología , Brasil/etnología , Cabo Verde/etnología , Femenino , Grupos Focales , Guinea Bissau/etnología , Humanos , Lenguaje , Londres , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mozambique/etnología , Portugal/etnología , Santo Tomé y Príncipe/etnología , Timor Oriental/etnologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Angola is a sub-Saharan African country where the population has scarce access to lipidlowering medication. We sought to determine the frequency of lipid disorders among Angolan nonusers of lipid-lowering medication. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 604 workers from the public sector. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured along with biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) was obtained from LDL-C and HDL-C levels. RESULTS: High frequencies of elevated blood pressure (44.8%), metabolic syndrome (20.2%), increased TC (39.2%) and increased LDL-C (19.3%) were found. Low HDL-C was more frequent in women (62.4% vs. 36.1%, p < 0.001). Isolated hypercholesterolemia was more frequent in men (9.6% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). Among men TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were higher and HDL-C was lower in obese than in low-weight and normal-weight participants. Among women TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were higher in obese than in normal-weight participants. Significant linear trend of increasing TC and LDL-C levels as age increased was detected for both genders (p for trend < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed a high frequency of lipid disorders in Angolan non-users of lipid-lowering medication.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra/etnología , Dislipidemias/etnología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Angola/etnología , Antropometría , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Dislipidemias/sangre , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Femenino , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/complicaciones , Factores de Riesgo , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sexuales , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: Angola is a sub-Saharan African country where the population has scarce access to lipidlowering medication. We sought to determine the frequency of lipid disorders among Angolan nonusers of lipid-lowering medication. Material and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in a sample of 604 workers from the public sector. Blood pressure and anthropometric data were measured along with biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). LDL-C to HDL-C ratio (LDL-C/HDL-C) was obtained from LDL-C and HDL-C levels. Results: High frequencies of elevated blood pressure (44.8%), metabolic syndrome (20.2%), increased TC (39.2%) and increased LDL-C (19.3%) were found. Low HDL-C was more frequent in women (62.4% vs. 36.1%, p < 0.001). Isolated hypercholesterolemia was more frequent in men (9.6% vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). Among men TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were higher and HDL-C was lower in obese than in low-weight and normal-weight participants. Among women TC, TG, LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were higher in obese than in normal-weight participants. Significant linear trend of increasing TC and LDL-C levels as age increased was detected for both genders (p for trend < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study showed a high frequency of lipid disorders in Angolan non-users of lipid-lowering medication.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Población Negra/etnología , Dislipidemias/etnología , Triglicéridos/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/sangre , Antropometría , Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Distribución por Edad , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Dislipidemias/sangre , Hemodinámica , Angola/etnología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/sangreRESUMEN
RESUMO A proposta do artigo pretende trazer contribuições para a valorização da memória oral da diáspora africana no contexto latino-brasileiro contemporâneo, com ênfase na relação entre identidade e diáspora africana do início do século XXI. Para o desenvolvimento do artigo foram utilizados os dados etnográficos coletados, entre os anos de 2013 e 2015, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com angolanos que vivem na capital carioca e têm interesse pela manutenção de uma memória oral da diáspora africana contemporânea no Brasil. Assim sendo, a potência das ideias e crenças foram analisadas para que se identifiquem as redes de movimento e reprodução social e subjetiva, que mobilizam os sujeitos envolvidos na pesquisa, enfatizando a importância da salvaguarda da memória atlântica contemporânea, para que não seja esquecida e nem silenciada.
RESUMEN El artículo propuesto tiene como objetivo reunir las contribuciones para la valorización de la memoria oral de la diáspora africana en el contexto contemporáneo latinobrasileño, con énfasis en la relación entre la identidad y la diáspora africana de principios del siglo XXI. Para el desarrollo del artículo se utilizaron datos etnográficos recogidos entre 2013 y 2015 en el Estado de Río de Janeiro con los angoleños que viven en la capital carioca y tienen un interés en mantener una memoria oral de la diáspora africana contemporánea en Brasil. Por lo tanto, se analizó el poder de las ideas y creencias con el fin de identificar las redes de circulación y reproducción social y subjetiva que movilizan los sujetos involucrados en la investigación, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de salvaguardar la memoria contemporánea del Atlántico, para que no se la olvide ni silencie.
ABSTRACT The article proposes to contribute to the valorization of the oral memory of the African diaspora in the contemporary Latin-Brazilian context, with emphasis on the relationship between identity and African diaspora of the beginning of the 21st century. Ethnographic data collected between the years of 2013 and 2015 in the State of Rio de Janeiro were used for the development of the article. Interviews with Angolans living in the capital of Rio de Janeiro and interested in maintaining an oral memory of the contemporary African diaspora in Brazil were conducted. Therefore, the power of ideas and beliefs were analyzed to identify the networks of social and subjective movement and reproduction that mobilize the subjects involved in the research, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding the contemporary Atlantic memory, so that it is neither forgotten nor silenced.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Historia del Siglo XXI , Construcción Social de la Identidad Étnica , Migración Humana , Angola/etnología , Etnicidad , HistoriaRESUMEN
AIMS: The heterogeneity of the Brazilian population renders the extrapolation of pharmacogenomic data derived from well-defined ethnic groups inappropriate. We investigated the influence of self-reported 'race/color', geographical origin and genetic ancestry on the distribution of four VKORC1 SNPs and haplotypes in Brazilians. Comparative data were obtained from two major ancestral roots of Brazilians: Portuguese and Africans from former Portuguese colonies. MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 1037 healthy adults Brazilians, recruited at four different geographical regions and self identified as white, brown or black (race/color categories), 89 Portuguese and 216 Africans from Angola and Mozambique were genotyped for the VKORC1 3673G>A (rs9923231), 5808T>G (rs2884737), 6853G>C (rs8050894) and 9041G>A (rs7294) polymorphisms using TaqMan(®) (Applied Biosystems, CA, USA) assays. VKORC1 haplotypes were statistically inferred using the haplo.stats software. We inferred the statistical association between the distribution of the VKORC1 polymorphisms among Brazilians and self-reported color, geographical region and genetic ancestry by fitting multinomial log linear models via neural networks. Individual proportions of European and African ancestry were used to assess the impact of genetic admixture on the frequency distribution of VKORC1 polymorphisms among Brazilians, and for the comparison of Brazilians with Portuguese and Africans. RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the 3673G>A and 5808T>G polymorphisms, and VKORC1 haplotypes among Brazilians varies across geographical regions, within self-reported color categories and according to the individual proportions of European and African genetic ancestry. Notably, the frequency of the warfarin sensitive VKORC1 3673A allele and the distribution of VKORC1 haplotypes varied continuously as the individual proportion of European ancestry increased in the entire cohort, independently of race/color categorization and geographical origin. Brazilians with more than 80% African ancestry differ significantly from Angolans and Mozambicans in frequency of the 3673G>A, 5808T>G and 6853G>C polymorphisms and haplotype distribution, whereas no such differences are observed between Brazilians with more than 90% European ancestry and Portuguese individuals. CONCLUSION: The diversity of the Brazilian population, evident in the distribution of VKORC1 polymorphisms, must be taken into account in the design of pharmacogenetic clinical trials and dealt with as a continuous variable. Warfarin dosing algorithms that include 'race' terms defined for other populations are clearly not applicable to the heterogeneous and extensively admixed Brazilian population.
Asunto(s)
Población Negra/genética , Etnicidad/genética , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Angola/etnología , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Brasil , Estudios de Cohortes , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Mozambique/etnología , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Portugal , Grupos Raciales , Vitamina K Epóxido Reductasas , Warfarina/administración & dosificación , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
AIM: This paper is a report of a study of the experiences of Portuguese-speaking immigrant women who used a mobile health clinic for their reproductive health care. BACKGROUND: Upon arrival in Canada, immigrant women often are in better health than their Canadian-born counterparts; however, this health status tends to deteriorate over time. One reason for this change is limited access to services. METHOD: Data collection during 2004 and 2005 involved individual interviews with seven Portuguese-speaking women who received care in a mobile health clinic in Toronto, Canada, and with four clinic care providers. Non-participant observation of the interaction between clients and care providers was also conducted. Interviews conducted in Portuguese were translated into English and transcribed, along with those conducted in English. Interview transcripts were read and re-read in the context of observational notes to develop codes. Emerging codes were grouped together to develop subcategories and categories. FINDINGS: Participants' experiences of accessing and receiving care in the mobile health clinic were shaped by their perceptions of health, which included physical, mental, social and spiritual aspects, and their pre- and postmigration care experiences. As an alternative model of care delivery, the mobile health clinic was perceived by participants to address their care needs and to help overcome postmigration barriers by providing accessible, holistic, and linguistically and culturally appropriate care. CONCLUSION: Mobile health clinics should be considered as an alternative care delivery model for immigrant women who may be at a disadvantage because of their socio-economic, cultural, and racialized statuses.
Asunto(s)
Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Unidades Móviles de Salud/normas , Satisfacción del Paciente , Servicios de Salud Reproductiva/normas , Servicios de Salud para Mujeres/normas , Adulto , Angola/etnología , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Azores/etnología , Brasil/etnología , Canadá , Femenino , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , ConfianzaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of accessibility of dental services and other factors on the development of early childhood caries (ECC) among Toronto children 48 months of age or younger with at least one Portuguese-speaking immigrant parent. METHODS: This population-based case-control study involved 52 ECC cases and 52 controls (i.e., without ECC) identified from community centres, churches and drop-in centres by a process of network sampling. Caries status (dmft/s) was assessed by clinical examination. Access to dental care and risk factors for ECC were determined through a structured interview with the Portuguese-speaking parent. RESULTS: Forty (77%) of the children with ECC but only 28 (54%) of controls had never visited a dentist. Thirty (58%) mothers of children with ECC but only 13 (25%) mothers of controls had not visited a dentist in the previous year. Bivariate analyses revealed that low family income, no family dentist, no dental insurance, breastfeeding, increased frequency of daily snacks and low parental knowledge about harmful child feeding habits were associated with ECC. Non-European-born parents and parents who had immigrated in their 20s or at an older age were 2 to 4 times more likely to have a child with ECC than European parents and those who had immigrated at a younger age. Lack of insurance, no family dentist and frequency of snacks were factors remaining in the final logistic regression model for ECC. CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predictors of ECC in this immigrant population, after adjustment for frequent snack consumption, were lack of dental care and lack of dental insurance. These findings support targeting resources to the prevention of ECC in children of new immigrants, who appear to experience barriers to accessing private dental care and who are exposed to many of the determinants of oral disease.
Asunto(s)
Barreras de Comunicación , Caries Dental/epidemiología , Servicios de Salud Dental/estadística & datos numéricos , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Lenguaje , Adulto , Angola/etnología , Azores/etnología , Alimentación con Biberón/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/etnología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Preescolar , Índice CPO , Servicios de Salud Dental/economía , Dieta Cariógena , Femenino , Humanos , Seguro Odontológico , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Ontario/epidemiología , Portugal/etnologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Host modifying factors, such as genetic predisposition, may increase severity of periodontitis. Genetic polymorphisms in interleukin-4 (IL-4) genes seem to influence host response to microbial challenge. Two IL-4 polymorphisms were found in association with asthma and atopy, and later with aggressive periodontitis in Caucasians. There seems to be a trend for racial differences regarding polymorphisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate if these IL-4 polymorphisms were associated with periodontal disease in a Brazilian population of African heritage. METHODS: Sixty patients were divided into two groups: periodontitis group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) Blood samples were taken and genomic DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Identification of 70 bp repeat polymorphism in intron 2 and in the -590 position of the promoter region was performed through PCR-RFLP and electrophoresis in agarose gel. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the genotype frequency of the polymorphisms between control and periodontitis group. Chi square test and Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the studied IL-4 polymorphisms were not related to periodontal disease susceptibility in this African-American Brazilian population.
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/etnología , Interleucina-4/genética , Periodontitis/etnología , Periodontitis/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Angola/etnología , Población Negra , Brasil/epidemiología , Camerún/etnología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Intrones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Regiones Promotoras GenéticasAsunto(s)
Censos , Comercio , Demografía , Etnicidad , Relaciones Raciales , Problemas Sociales , Angola/etnología , Océano Atlántico , Región del Caribe/etnología , Censos/historia , Comercio/economía , Comercio/educación , Comercio/historia , Comercio/legislación & jurisprudencia , Recolección de Datos/economía , Recolección de Datos/historia , Recolección de Datos/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/educación , Etnicidad/etnología , Etnicidad/historia , Etnicidad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Etnicidad/psicología , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Programas de Gobierno/economía , Programas de Gobierno/historia , Programas de Gobierno/legislación & jurisprudencia , Historia del Siglo XVIII , Historia del Siglo XIX , Humanos , Gobierno Local , América del Norte/etnología , Relaciones Raciales/historia , Relaciones Raciales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Relaciones Raciales/psicología , Políticas de Control Social/economía , Políticas de Control Social/historia , Políticas de Control Social/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/economía , Problemas Sociales/etnología , Problemas Sociales/historia , Problemas Sociales/legislación & jurisprudencia , Problemas Sociales/psicología , América del Sur/etnología , Impuestos/economía , Impuestos/historia , Impuestos/legislación & jurisprudenciaRESUMEN
8 patients with paludism diagnosis due to Plasmodium vivax and deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that should receive antipaludism radical treatment with primaquine were studied. It was determined that 87.5% of the patients presented hemolysis but its relation with the enzymatic activity was not significant (p > 0.05). 50% of the patients could not finish their treatment because of the appearance of important hemolysis. It is concluded that primaquine should not be used indiscriminately among those patients with deficit of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase.
Asunto(s)
Anemia Hemolítica/inducido químicamente , Antimaláricos/efectos adversos , Deficiencia de Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/complicaciones , Malaria Vivax/tratamiento farmacológico , Primaquina/efectos adversos , Anemia Hemolítica/etiología , Angola/etnología , Contraindicaciones , Cuba/epidemiología , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Deficiencia de Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Deficiencia de Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/etnología , Humanos , Malaria Vivax/sangre , Malaria Vivax/complicaciones , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
It was determined the presence of antibodies anti-T. gondii in young, 13-16 year old, belonging to Republic Arab Saharaui; Popular Republic of Angola; Ethiopia and Republic of Ghana. From a total of 707 sera analyzed, the 71.43% of them showed the presence of specific antibodies. The prevalence of antibodies did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between males and females in Angola and Republic Arab Saharaui. It was found a significant difference (P < 0.0001) among countries.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasmosis/epidemiología , Adolescente , África del Norte/etnología , Angola/etnología , Animales , Cuba/epidemiología , Etiopía/etnología , Femenino , Ghana/etnología , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Toxoplasmosis/sangre , Toxoplasmosis/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Mycological tests were made in 212 patients who had lesions with clinical appearance of dermatophytic infection. The results show that the combined use of direct microscopy and culture helps to detect a larger number of dermatophytic conditions. The findings were the agent most connected with these kinds of mycosis, the most frequent clinical conditions, the lesions in more than one body areas and the most common species. The isolation of Trichophyton soudanense, an endemic species in Africa but considered very rare in Cuba, is reported.
Asunto(s)
Arthrodermataceae/aislamiento & purificación , Dermatomicosis/microbiología , Angola/etnología , Arthrodermataceae/clasificación , Cuba/epidemiología , Dermatomicosis/diagnóstico , Dermatomicosis/epidemiología , Humanos , Tiña/diagnóstico , Tiña/epidemiología , Tiña/microbiologíaRESUMEN
An analysis was made of the isoenzyme patterns of 61 Entamoeba histolytica strains: 42 from Cuba and 19 from Angola Mozambique and Ghana. By means of these patterns the non-pathogenic nature of the Cuban strains (Group 1) was shown. It coincided with the clinical characteristics of the infection in the carriers. Among the imported strains were 2 samples with pathogenic patterns II corresponding to 1 dysentery case and to 1 asymptomatic patient, and also non-pathogenic ones (I, II, III and XVIII).