RESUMEN
Kidney stones are a common urological disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. Traditional diagnostic methods for kidney stones are relatively complex and time-consuming, thus necessitating the development of a quicker and simpler diagnostic approach. This study investigates the clinical screening of kidney stones using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technology combined with multivariate statistical algorithms, comparing the classification performance of three algorithms (PCA-LDA, PCA-LR, PCA-SVM). Urine samples from 32 kidney stone patients, 30 patients with other urinary stones, and 36 healthy individuals were analyzed. SERS spectra data were collected in the range of 450-1800 cm-1 and analyzed. The results showed that the PCA-SVM algorithm had the highest classification accuracy, with 92.9 % for distinguishing kidney stone patients from healthy individuals and 92 % for distinguishing kidney stone patients from those with other urinary stones. In comparison, the classification accuracy of PCA-LR and PCA-LDA was slightly lower. The findings indicate that SERS combined with PCA-SVM demonstrates excellent performance in the clinical screening of kidney stones and has potential for practical clinical application. Future research can further optimize SERS technology and algorithms to enhance their stability and accuracy, and expand the sample size to verify their applicability across different populations. Overall, this study provides a new method for the rapid diagnosis of kidney stones, which is expected to play an important role in clinical diagnostics.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Cálculos Renales , Espectrometría Raman , Humanos , Espectrometría Raman/métodos , Cálculos Renales/orina , Cálculos Renales/diagnóstico , Análisis Multivariante , Femenino , Masculino , Análisis de Componente Principal , Persona de Mediana Edad , AdultoRESUMEN
This study investigates the application of visible-short wavelength near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (Vis-SWNIR HSI) in the wavelength range of 400-950 nm and advanced chemometric techniques for diagnosing breast cancer (BC). The research involved 56 ex-vivo samples encompassing both cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissue from females. First, HSI images were analyzed using multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) to exploit pure spatial and spectral profiles of active components. Then, the MCR-ALS resolved spatial profiles were arranged in a new data matrix for exploration and discrimination between benign and cancerous tissue samples using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The PLS-DA classification accuracy of 82.1 % showed the potential of HSI and chemometrics for non-invasive detection of BC. Additionally, the resolved spectral profiles by MCR-ALS can be used to track the changes in the breast tissue during cancer and treatment. It is concluded that the proposed strategy in this work can effectively differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissue and pave the way for further studies and potential clinical implementation of this innovative approach, offering a promising avenue for improving early detection and treatment outcomes in BC patients.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Imágenes Hiperespectrales , Análisis de Componente Principal , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Análisis de los Mínimos Cuadrados , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Imágenes Hiperespectrales/métodos , Análisis Multivariante , Análisis DiscriminanteRESUMEN
This study comprehensively investigated the effects of high-temperature cooking (HT), complex enzyme hydrolysis (CE), and high-temperature cooking combined enzymatic hydrolysis (HE) on the chemical composition, microstructure, and functional attributes of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) extracted from corn bran. The results demonstrated that HE-SDF yielded the highest output at 13.80 ± 0.20 g/100 g, with enhancements in thermal stability, viscosity, hydration properties, adsorption capacity, and antioxidant activity. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct categories of SDF's physicochemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the superior functional properties of HE-SDF. Correlation analysis showed positive relationships between the monosaccharide composition, purity, and viscosity of SDF and most of its functional attributes, whereas particle size and zeta potential were inversely correlated. Furthermore, a highly significant positive correlation was observed between crystallinity and thermal properties. These findings suggest that the HE method constitutes a viable strategy for enhancing the quality of SDF sourced from corn bran.
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Fibras de la Dieta , Zea mays , Zea mays/química , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Hidrólisis , Viscosidad , Análisis Multivariante , Calor , Tamaño de la Partícula , Antioxidantes/química , Culinaria , SolubilidadRESUMEN
The Guanabara Bay hydrographic region (GBHR) has served as a central hub for human settlement and resource utilization throughout Brazil's history. However, the region's high population density and intense industrial activity have come at a cost, leading to a significant decline in water quality. This work aimed to identify homogeneous regions in GBHR according to water quality parameters in dry and rainy periods. The following water quality monitoring variables were monitored at 49 gauge stations: total phosphorus (TP), nitrate (NO3-), dissolved oxygen (DO), hydrogenionic potential (pH), turbidity (Turb), thermotolerant coliforms (TCol), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), water temperature (Tw), and air temperature (Ta). The statistical analysis consisted of determining principal components, cluster analysis, seasonal differences, and Spearman's correlation. The water quality parameter correlations were not expressively influenced by seasonality, but there are differences in the concentrations of these parameters in the dry and rainy periods. In the dry period, urban pressure on water quality is mainly due to fecal coliforms. The resulting clusters delimited areas under urban, agricultural, and forestry influence. Clusters located in areas with high demographic density showed high concentrations of TCol and TP, while clusters influenced by forestry and agriculture had better water quality. In the rainy season, clusters with urban influence showed problems with TCol and TP, in addition to some characteristics in each group, such as high TDS, NO3-, and BOD. Forested areas showed high DO, and clusters under agricultural influence had higher concentrations of TCol, BOD, and NO3- concerning forested regions. The troubling state of sanitation in GBHR occurs in metropolitan regions due to lack of a formal sanitation system.
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Monitoreo del Ambiente , Calidad del Agua , Brasil , Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Bahías , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Fósforo/análisis , Nitratos/análisis , Estaciones del Año , Análisis MultivarianteRESUMEN
In this paper, we introduce an innovative multivariable data fusion strategy for adaptive steady-state detection, specifically tailored for the alumina evaporation process. This approach is designed to counteract the production instabilities that often arise from frequent alterations in production conditions. At the core of our strategy is the application of an adaptive denoising algorithm based on the Gaussian filter, which adeptly eliminates erroneous data from selected variables without compromising the fidelity of the original signal. Subsequently, we implement a multivariable R-test methodology, integrated with the adaptive Gaussian filter, to conduct a thorough and precise steady-state detection via data fusion. The efficiency of this method is rigorously validated using actual data from industrial processes.Our findings reveal that this strategy markedly enhances the stability and efficiency (by 10%) of the alumina evaporation process, thereby offering a substantial contribution to the field. Moreover, the versatility of this approach suggests its potential applicability in a wide range of industrial settings, where similar production challenges prevail. This study not only advances the domain of process control but also underscores the significance of adaptive strategies in managing complex, variable-driven industrial operations.
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Algoritmos , Análisis Multivariante , Óxido de Aluminio/químicaRESUMEN
Objective: To understand the occupational stress and mental health status of hospital infection prevention and control practitioner (HIPCPs) in medical institutions, and analyze their main influencing factors. Methods: In November 2021, 550 nosocomial infection managers in Tianjin were randomly selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using the Concise Occupational Stress Questionnaire, Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). 497 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the total recovery efficiency was 90.36%. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression method were used to analyze the main influencing factors of occupational stress and mental health status of psychiatric managers. Results: The detection rate of anxiety and depression among 497 HIPCPs was 22.73% (113/497) and 58.95% (293/497), respectively. Gender and major were the influencing factors of depression (P=0.000, 0.001). Average working hours>52 hours per week and night shift days>1 days per week were the influencing factors of anxiety (P=0.035, 0.014). Average working hours>52 h per week, night shift days >1 d per week and different majors were the influencing factors of occupational stress (P=0.000, 0.025, 0.010). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that the risk of anxiety in those who worked more than 52 hours per week was 1.753 times that of those who worked less than 52 hours per week (P=0.038), and the risk of depression in women was 3.071 times that of men (P=0.006) . Conclusion: Working hours are an important influencing factor for occupational stress and anxiety among HIPCPs. In order to reduce the occurrence of occupational stress and mental health problems, it is necessary to strengthen psychological counseling for HIPCPs and balance work and rest.
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Ansiedad , Depresión , Estrés Laboral , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Adulto , Estrés Laboral/psicología , Estrés Laboral/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Salud Mental , China/epidemiología , Análisis Multivariante , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
Early childhood marks a pivotal period in the maturation of executive function, the cognitive ability to consciously regulate actions and thoughts. Mindfulness-based interventions have shown promise in bolstering executive function in children. This study used the functional near-infrared spectroscopy technique to explore the impact of mindfulness-based training on young children. Brain imaging data were collected from 68 children (41 boys, aged 61.8 ± 10.7 months) who were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (N = 37, aged 60.03 ± 11.14 months) or a control group (N = 31, aged 59.99 ± 10.89 months). Multivariate and multiscale sample entropy analyses were used. The results showed that: (1) brain complexity was reduced in the intervention group after receiving the mindfulness-based intervention in all three executive function tasks (ps < 0.05), indicating a more efficient neural processing mechanism after the intervention; (2) difference comparisons between the intervention and control groups showed significant differences in relevant brain regions during cognitive shifting (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex) and working memory tasks (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), which corroborates with improved behavioral results in the intervention group (Z = -3.674, P < 0.001 for cognitive shifting; Z = 2.594, P < 0.01 for working memory). These findings improve our understanding of early brain development in young children and highlight the neural mechanisms by which mindfulness-based interventions affect executive function. Implications for early intervention to promote young children's brain development are also addressed.
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Encéfalo , Función Ejecutiva , Atención Plena , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Humanos , Atención Plena/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Preescolar , Encéfalo/fisiología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Entropía , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Análisis Multivariante , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postnatal care (PNC) is essential for early identification and management of life-threatening obstetric complications. Despite efforts by the Ethiopian government to improve maternal and child health service use, PNC service has remained low, and disparity across geographic locations is a major public health problem. This study aimed to investigate the change and contributing factors in PNC service use across geographical locations (rural-urban) and over time (2016 to 2019) in Ethiopia. METHODS: We analyzed data on women who gave birth from the 2016 and 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. A total of 6,413 weighted samples (4,308 in 2016 and 2,105 in 2019) were included in the analysis. A multivariate decomposition analysis technique was used to determine the change and identify factors that contributed to the change across geographical locations and over time. Statistical significance was defined at a 95% confidence interval with a p-value of less than 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of PNC use was higher among urban residents, and the urban-rural disparity reduced from 32.59% in 2016 to 19.08% in 2019. The difference in the composition of explanatory variables was the only statistically significant for the urban-rural disparity in PNC use in both surveys. Specifically, female household heads (4.51%), delivery at a health facility (83.45%), and birth order of two to three (5.53%) and four or more (-12.24%) in 2016 significantly contributed to the urban-rural gap. However, in 2019, middle wealth index (-14.66%), Muslim religion (3.84%), four or more antennal care contacts (18.29%), and delivery at a health facility (80.66%) significantly contributed to the urban-rural gap. PNC use increased from 16.61% in 2016 to 33.86% in 2019. About 60% of the explained change was due to the difference in the composition of explanatory variables. Particularly, urban residence (-5.79%), a rich wealth index (2.31%), Muslim (3.42%), and other (-2.76%) religions, having radio or television (1.49%), 1-3 (-1.13%), and 4 or more (11.09%) antenatal care contacts, and delivery at a health facility (47.98%) were statistically significant contributors to the observed change. The remaining 40% of the overall change was due to the difference in unknown behaviors (coefficient) of the population towards PNC. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant change in PNC service use by residence location and over time in Ethiopia, with urban women in both surveys being more likely to use PNC service. The urban-rural disparity in PNC uptake was due to the difference in the composition of explanatory variables, whereas the change over time was due to the change in both the composition of explanatory variables and population behavior towards PNC. Increased antenatal care contacts and delivery at a health facility played a major role in explaining the gap in PNC services across residences and over time in Ethiopia, highlighting the importance of stepping up efforts to enhance their uptake in rural settings.
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Disparidades en Atención de Salud , Atención Posnatal , Población Rural , Población Urbana , Humanos , Etiopía , Femenino , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Posnatal/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricos , Embarazo , Disparidades en Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Análisis Multivariante , Adolescente , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] plasma level is a well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Existing data regarding the influence of sex on the Lp(a)-CAD relationship are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between Lp(a) and CAD in men and women and to elucidate any sex-specific differences that may exist. METHODS: Data of patients with Lp(a) measurements who were admitted to a tertiary university hospital, Koc University Hospital, were analyzed. The relationship between Lp(a) levels and CAD was explored in all patients and in subgroups created by sex. Two commonly accepted Lp(a) thresholds ≥ 30 and ≥ 50 mg/dL were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1858 patients (mean age 54 ± 17 years; 53.33% females) were included in the analysis. Lp(a) was an independent predictor of CAD according to the multivariate regression model for the entire cohort. In all cohort, both cut-off values (≥ 30 and ≥ 50 mg/dL) were detected as independent predictors of CAD (p < 0.001). In sex-specific analysis, an Lp(a) ≥ 30 mg/dL was an independent predictor of CAD only in women (p < 0.001), but Lp(a) ≥ 50 mg/dL was a CAD predictor both in men and women (men, p = 0.004; women, p = 0.047). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study may suggest that different thresholds of Lp(a) level can be employed for risk stratification in women compared to men.
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Biomarcadores , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Lipoproteína(a) , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Lipoproteína(a)/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Factores Sexuales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Anciano , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Retrospectivos , República de Corea/epidemiología , Adulto , Análisis Multivariante , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , PronósticoRESUMEN
Hit screening, which involves the identification of compounds or targets capable of modulating disease-relevant processes, is an important step in drug discovery. Some assays, such as image-based high-content screenings, produce complex multivariate readouts. To fully exploit the richness of such data, advanced analytical methods that go beyond the conventional univariate approaches should be employed. In this work, we tackle the problem of hit identification in multivariate assays. As with univariate assays, a hit from a multivariate assay can be defined as a candidate that yields an assay value sufficiently far away in distance from the mean or central value of inactives. Viewed another way, a hit is an outlier from the distribution of inactives. A method was developed for identifying multivariate hit in high-dimensional data sets based on principal components and robust Mahalanobis distance (the multivariate analogue to the Z- or T-statistic). The proposed method, termed mROUT (multivariate robust outlier detection), demonstrates superior performance over other techniques in the literature in terms of maintaining Type I error, false discovery rate and true discovery rate in simulation studies. The performance of mROUT is also illustrated on a CRISPR knockout data set from in-house phenotypic screening programme.
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Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Análisis Multivariante , Humanos , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Descubrimiento de Drogas/métodos , Algoritmos , Análisis de Componente Principal , Simulación por ComputadorRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders are one of the major public health problems, which can potentially induce inflammation and exacerbate disease activity, resulting in compromised sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with sleep disorders among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: Between March 2023 and February 2024, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was employed to assess sleep quality in both IBD patients and healthy control subjects. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the risk factors associated with SD in IBD patients. RESULTS: Overall, 208 IBD patients [150 Crohn's disease (CD) and 58 ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 199 healthy individuals were included. Sleep disorders were observed in 59.6% of patients with IBD, with a higher prevalence among females (63.5%) compared to males (56.9%) (P = 0.476). The prevalence of sleep disorders in IBD patients was significantly higher than that found in healthy controls (37.7%) (all P < 0.01). The prevalence of sleep disorders among CD and UC patients was 58% and 63.8%, respectively (P = 0.291). The multivariate analysis revealed that older age (OR, 1.070; 95% CI: 1.035-1.105, P = 0.000), smoking (OR, 2.698; 95% CI: 1.089-6.685, P = 0.032), and depression (OR, 4.779; 95% CI: 1.915-11.928, P = 0.001) were risk factors for sleep disorders in IBD patients. However, higher body mass index (OR, 0.879; 95% CI: 0.790-0.977, P = 0.017) was identified as a protective factor. CONCLUSION: Sleep disorders are common among IBD patients regardless of activity levels. Smoking and depression are the major risk factors.
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Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Factores de Riesgo , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/complicaciones , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Adulto , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/complicaciones , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Crohn/epidemiología , Análisis Multivariante , Colitis Ulcerosa/complicaciones , Colitis Ulcerosa/epidemiología , Calidad del SueñoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the expression level of upstream stimulator 1 (USF1) in the bone marrow of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and investigate its clinical and prognostic significance. METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 60 newly diagnosed AML patients constituted the observation group, while 20 samples from healthy individuals formed the control group. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to measure the USF1 expression in both groups and to analyze its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis in AML patients. Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized to assess the impact of USF1 on the overall survival (OS) in AML patients. The prognostic factors of AML were examined by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A univariate analysis revealed a significantly higher USF1 expression in the AML patients compared to the control group (p < 0.001), with no difference in the clinicopathological features between the low-expression group and the control group. However, there was a significant difference between the high-expression group and the control group (p < 0.01). Moreover, the OS of the high USF1 expression group was notably shorter than of the low USF1 expression group (p < 0.0001). A multivariate analysis identified high USF1 expression and age ≥ 60 years as independent risk factors for a poor AML prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: High expression of USF1 is linked to a worse prognosis and shorter survival time in AML patients. USF1 may serve as an indicator of prognosis and survival in AML patients and could be a potential target for AML treatment.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Factores Estimuladores hacia 5' , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/mortalidad , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores Estimuladores hacia 5'/genética , Factores Estimuladores hacia 5'/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Pronóstico , Adulto Joven , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Adolescente , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Médula Ósea/patología , Médula Ósea/metabolismo , Análisis Multivariante , Relevancia ClínicaRESUMEN
Purpose: In recent times, growing uncertainty has emerged regarding the effectiveness of standard pressure ulcer (PU) risk assessment tools, which are suspected to be no better than clinical judgment, especially in the frail and comorbid elderly population. This study aimed to identify the primary clinical predictive variables for PU development and severity in hospitalized older adults, utilizing a multidimensional frailty assessment, and compare them with the Braden scale. Patients and methods: The population consisted of 316 patients, admitted to the Geriatric Unit and Transitional Care of San Bartolomeo Hospital in Sarzana (Italy) during the period 21/02/22-01/07/22. The collected information included both anamnestic and laboratory data. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed, including also anthropometric and physical performance measurements. Multivariate logistic analysis was used, both in a binary classification test and in the subsequent ordinal classification test of severity levels. The final performance of the model was assessed by ROC curve estimation and AUC comparison with the Braden scale. Results: Within the population, 152 subjects (48%) developed PU at different levels of severity. The results showed that age, Braden scale (subscales of mobility and friction/shear), Barthel scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, hemoglobin, and albumin are predictors associated with the development of PU (AUC 85%). The result is an improvement over the use of the Braden scale alone (AUC 75%). Regarding the identification of predictive factors for PU severity, 4AT also emerges as potentially relevant. Conclusion: Assessing the subject's nutritional status, physical performance, and functional autonomies enables the effective integration of the Braden scale in identifying patients most susceptible to developing PU. Our findings support the integration of a comprehensive set of methodologically robust frailty determinants into traditional risk assessment tools. This integration reflects the mutual interplay between patients' frailty, skin frailty, and PU development in very old hospitalized patients.
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Anciano Frágil , Evaluación Geriátrica , Hospitalización , Úlcera por Presión , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Úlcera por Presión/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Italia , Medición de Riesgo , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Factores de Riesgo , Curva ROC , Evaluación Nutricional , Análisis Multivariante , AncianoRESUMEN
The geometric median, which is applicable to high-dimensional data, can be viewed as a generalization of the univariate median used in 1-dimensional data. It can be used as a robust estimator for identifying the location of multi-dimensional data and has a wide range of applications in real-world scenarios. This paper explores the problem of high-dimensional multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using the geometric median. A maximum-type statistic that relies on the differences between the geometric medians among various groups is introduced. The distribution of the new test statistic is derived under the null hypothesis using Gaussian approximations, and its consistency under the alternative hypothesis is established. To approximate the distribution of the new statistic in high dimensions, a wild bootstrap algorithm is proposed and theoretically justified. Through simulation studies conducted across a variety of dimensions, sample sizes, and data-generating models, we demonstrate the finite-sample performance of our geometric median-based MANOVA method. Additionally, we implement the proposed approach to analyze a breast cancer gene expression dataset.
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Algoritmos , Neoplasias de la Mama , Simulación por Computador , Humanos , Análisis Multivariante , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Modelos Estadísticos , Femenino , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/estadística & datos numéricos , Tamaño de la Muestra , Biometría/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz (A. chinensis) Chinese herb possesses numerous therapeutic properties and is extensively utilized in the pharmaceutical industry. Its quality is closely associated with the harvest periods. However, the optimal quality and harvest periods of A. chinensis remain elusive. METHODS: The bioactive compounds of perennial A. chinensis were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) metabolomics, and differentially abundant compounds were selected by multivariate statistical analysis. Then, variations in the content of differential compounds in samples harvested at different periods were analyzed, while correlation analysis was carried out on the differential compounds to determine the suitable harvest period for distinct components. RESULTS: A total of 61 bioactive compounds were detected in all samples, grouped into 9 known classes. The results revealed that the chemical compositions of A. chinensis at different harvest periods were significantly different. The volatile oil content in the four-year-old and five-year-old samples was relatively high, at 31.92 mg/g and 32.42 mg/g, respectively. There were also significant differences in the content of the six active ingredients, for example, the five-year-old sample had the highest content of atractylodin (4.38 mg/g). Indeed, the harvest period was correlated with the abundance of most bioactive compounds. Specifically, quinquennial samples were significantly negatively correlated with the abundance of organic acids and aliphatics while moderately positively correlated with the abundance of other classes of bioactive compounds. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the ideal harvest time for atractylenolide â ¢ was 3 years. Regarding organic acids, the optimal harvest time was around 2-3 years. Taken together, these results offer valuable insights to producers for optimizing the harvest period for A. chinensis.
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Atractylodes , Atractylodes/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Análisis Multivariante , Sesquiterpenos/análisis , Lactonas/análisis , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/química , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Metabolómica/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the predictive factors and metastatic time for liver and lung metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer (RC) patients. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify risk factors and prognostic factors for liver metastasis and lung metastasis in RC. Survival probabilities were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier model and compared using the log-rank test between groups. The probability of time-to-event occurrence was calculated using the random survival forest model. Finally, the SEER database was used to verify our findings. RESULTS: Our results indicated that pathological T stage and pathological N stage were independent predictive factors for liver metastasis. Furthermore, CEA level, pathological T stage, and tumor deposit were independent predictive factors for lung metastasis. Based on the results of a multivariate Cox analysis, we categorized patients with liver and lung metastasis into three groups based on their scores. The results revealed that patients with higher scores had a higher probability of experiencing metastasis. For liver metastasis, Groups 1, 2, and 3 all exhibited higher occurrence rates within the first 24 months. However, for lung metastasis, Group 4 showed the highest occurrence rate at the 12th month, while Groups 5 and 6 exhibited the highest occurrence rates at the 15th month. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we developed predictive models to determine the likelihood of liver and lung metastasis in RC patients. It is crucial to implement a more intensive surveillance program for patients with unfavorable risk profiles in order to facilitate early detection of metastasis.
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Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias del Recto , Programa de VERF , Humanos , Neoplasias del Recto/patología , Neoplasias del Recto/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Anciano , Factores de Riesgo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundario , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Adulto , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Pronóstico , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Análisis Multivariante , Estudios de Seguimiento , Factores de Tiempo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
While decreased renal function is a known risk factor for hypermagnesemia caused by magnesium oxide (MgO), few studies have comprehensively investigated other contributing factors. In this study, the researchers analyzed the risk factors for hypermagnesemia development in 256 inpatients receiving MgO treatment at the Matsuyama Shimin Hospital. Multivariate analysis identified blood urea nitrogen â§22 mg/dL, estimated glomerular filtration rate â¦43.1 mL/min, and MgO â§1000 mg/d as risk factors. Additionally, the researchers' findings suggest a correlation between the number of risk factors and the incidence of hypermagnesemia, including the prevalence of Grade 3 cases. Interestingly, low body mass index emerged as a potential risk factor even in patients without the three identified factors. These findings highlight the importance for pharmacists to advocate for routine serum Mg level monitoring in patients with the risk factors identified in this study.
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Nitrógeno de la Urea Sanguínea , Índice de Masa Corporal , Óxido de Magnesio , Magnesio , Óxido de Magnesio/efectos adversos , Óxido de Magnesio/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Factores de Riesgo , Magnesio/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Análisis Multivariante , AdultoRESUMEN
Purpose: The purpose of this work is to present a multivariate analysis of the kinematics of an upper limb rehabilitation robot. Comparing multiple concepts of kinematic chains makes it possible to identify advantages and disadvantages and, as a consequence, choosing the optimal solution to create a physical device. Such actions shall contribute towards automation of the rehabilitation process, bringing benefits to both therapists and patients in comparison with conventional rehabilitation. Methods: Multivariate analysis of kinematics was performed on the basis of three concepts of the kinematic chain of an exoskeleton, enabling the rehabilitation of both right and left upper limb within the area of the shoulder joint, elbow joint and wrist. The kinematic chain allows the performance of simple and complex movements. Results: The results of the conducted multivariate kinematic analysis define specific movements and angular ranges, which may be performed while applying one of the proposed concepts of the robot design. The results made it possible to determine the optimum solution to the kinematic diagram and construction design, which best satisfy the expectations for effective rehabilitation. Conclusions: The analysis of the kinematic diagram concept of the exoskeleton should be done in relation to its design (construction form). Considering the obtained parameters, it is necessary to find an optimum concept and wisely manoeuvre the values, in order to avoid a situation in which one significant parameter influences another, equally important one. It is noteworthy that the introduction of changes into particular segments of the kinematic chain often has a significant impact on other segments.
Asunto(s)
Robótica , Extremidad Superior , Humanos , Extremidad Superior/fisiología , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Análisis Multivariante , Dispositivo ExoesqueletoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To establish a model to predict the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on systemic inflammatory indicators, and study whether the new model combined with inflammatory related parameters is more effective than the conventional model using only clinical factors to predict the OS of patients with DLBCL. METHODS: The clinical data of 213 patients with DLBCL were analyzed retrospectively. Backward stepwise Cox regression analysis was used to screen independent prognostic factors related to OS, and a nomogram for predicting OS was constructed based on these factors. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) were used to evaluate the fitting of the model, the consistency index (C-index), area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of nomogram, and decision curve analysis (DCA) and Kaplan Meier curve were used to evaluate the clinical practicability of nomogram. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, ECOG PS score, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, systemic immune inflammatory index (SII), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were used to construct the nomogram. The AIC and BIC of the nomogram were lower than the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)-IPI, indicating that the nomogram had better goodness of fit. The C-index and AUC of the nomogram were higher than IPI and NCCN-IPI, indicating that the prediction accuracy of the nomogram had been significantly improved, and the calibration curve showed that the prediction results were in good agreement with the actual survival results. DCA showed that the nomogram had better clinical net income. Kaplan Meier curve showed that patients could be well divided into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk groups according to the nomogram score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The nomogram combined with inflammatory indicators can accurately predict the individual survival probability of DLBCL patients.
Asunto(s)
Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso , Nomogramas , Humanos , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/mortalidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Pronóstico , Inflamación , Tasa de Supervivencia , Curva ROC , Femenino , Análisis Multivariante , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Alactic base excess (ABE) is a novel biomarker to evaluate the renal capability of handling acid-base disturbances, which has been found to be associated with adverse prognosis of sepsis and shock patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between ABE and the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study collected AMI patients' clinical data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. The outcome was in-hospital mortality after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were performed to assess the association of ABE with in-hospital mortality in AMI patients, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). To further explore the association, subgroup analyses were performed based on age, AKI, eGFR, sepsis, and AMI subtypes. RESULTS: Of the total 2779 AMI patients, 502 died in hospital. Negative ABE (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.02-1.56) (neutral ABE as reference) was associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in AMI patients, but not in positive ABE (P = 0.378). Subgroup analyses showed that negative ABE was significantly associated with a higher risk of in-hospital mortality in AMI patients aged>65 years (HR = 1.46, 95%CI: 1.13-1.89), with eGFR<60 (HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.05-1.74), with AKI (HR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.06-1.64), with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) subtype (HR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.18-2.72), and without sepsis (HR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.01-1.64). CONCLUSION: Negative ABE was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI.