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This study presents the development and evaluation of an image processing software for computer-assisted cellular structure counting. The proposed software consists of a set of processing and analytical tools which allows its use in several applications of cell and cellular structure counting. A particular application in AgNOR quantitative analysis is presented. The knowledge obtained from experienced pathologists has been codified in a sequence of processing steps in order to allow automatic estimation of the mean number of AgNORs per cell in ameloblastomas. The performance of the presented software in such application was verified by comparing the data provided by visual analysis, by two observers previously calibrated and under supervision of two experienced specialists (Group 1) and by the computer program (Group 2). No statistical difference was observed (p<0.05) between the two groups. The use of the proposed method in AgNOR applications permitted attainment of accurate and precise data without the difficulties frequently found in the traditional visual analysis method (time, training and subjectivity). The developed software is an interesting tool as an aid in the study (estimation of the number of cells and cellular structures) of malignant and benign neoplasms.

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El ameloblastoma es una de las neoplasias odontogénicas más comunes que se presentan en el maxilar inferior con mayor frecuencia, sector posterior, con localización intraósea y periférica (esta última, más rara). Los subtipos histológicos no influencian directamente en el tratamiento ni en el pronóstico porque generalmente se utilizan actos quirúrgicos radicales por la frecuencia de recidiva de los ameloblastomas. Se utilizó en biopsias las técnicas inmunohistoquímicas básicas y Mib-1 (Ki 67 en parafina) para determinar el índice de proliferación celular que indicaría la posible transformación maligna del ameloblastoma o su capacidad de recidiva. En un germen dentario, en estadio de campana, el órgano del esmalte mostró idéntica afinidad inmunohistoquímica con un índice de proliferación celular Mib 1 (Ki 67) de un 1 por ciento (AU)

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Twenty-two cases of ameloblastoma and ten cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) were analyzed comparatively by the AgNOR technique. Ameloblastomas were distributed into three groups according to their clinical behaviour: primary lesions without recurrences (PLWTR), 5 cases; primary lesions with recurrences (PLWR), 4 cases; and recurrences, 13 cases. The cases were also regrouped according to their histological pattern: follicular (9 cases), plexiform (7 cases), acanthomatous (4 cases) and unicystic (2 cases). Considering histological patterns, there was a significant statistical difference only between follicular and plexiform types. There were no significant differences between the group of ameloblastomas and the group of AOTs or between the three groups of ameloblastomas with different clinical behaviour. Our results strongly suggest that the distinct clinical behaviour of ameloblastomas and AOT is not correlated with their cellular proliferation ratio. Thus, the infiltrative ability of the ameloblastomas is probably not related to the cellular proliferation index of these tumours.

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Ameloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma share histological similarities. Morphometric analysis of nucleolar organiser regions (NORs) from ameloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was carried out by silver (Ag) staining. Mean counts were lower in ameloblastoma (1.652 +/- 0.032) compared to those in BCC (2.354 +/- 0.054). Ameloblastoma presented one or two NORs per nucleus, in a narrow distribution (one to four NORs per nucleus). In contrast, BCC exhibited two or three NORs per nucleus, in a broad distribution (one to six NORs per nucleus). Perimeter and area measurements of AgNOR dots yielded significantly higher mean values for ameloblastoma. Our data suggest that most BCC cells are in mitosis, showing small and numerous NORs in each nucleus, while ameloblastoma cells are in interphase, showing one or two large NORs in each nucleus. Although ameloblastoma and BCC are neoplasms with similar growth patterns, they have cell populations with statistically significant differences in AgNOR patterns.

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Foram analisados quantitativa e morfométricamante as NORs de 10 casos de ameloblastoma e de 10 casos de carcinoma basocelular de pele, através da marcaçäo argirofílica das proteínas relacionadas às regiöes organizadoras nucleolares (AgNOR). Os dados obtidos foram tratados pelo teste "t" näo pareado de Student. Nossos resultados demonstram que as células do ameloblastoma apresentaram número médio de NORs/núcleo menor (1,652 ñ0,052) quando comparado às do carcinoma basocelular (2,354 ñ0,054). Quanto a distribuiçäo da freqüência do número de NORs/núcleo, o ameloblastoma mostrou 1 a 2 NORs/núcleo, com distribuiçäo restrita a faixa de 1 a 4 NORs/núcleo. O carcinoma basocelular exibiu 2 a 3 NORs/núcleo e uma distribuiçäo mais ampla, que variava de 1 a 6 NORs/núcleo. As áreas e perímetros das NORs das células do ameloblastoma apresentaram valores significantemente maiores que as do carcinoma basocelular. Adicionalmente, a distribuiçäo da freqüência das áreas das NORs mostrou também uma diferença importante, onde praticamente metade das NORs das células do ameloblastoma exibiram áreas iguais ou menores que 1,5 µm², e o restante variou de 2 a 6,5 µm². A distribuiçäo das áreas das NORs do carcinoma basocelular mostrou que mais de 80 por cento dessas estruturas exibiram áreas menores ou iguais a 1,5 µm². Embora o ameloblastoma e o carcinoma basocelular apresentem características clínicas semelhantes, como a invasividade local, nossos achados mostraram que no ameloblastoma a invasividade local dessa neoplasia näo seja dependente da sua atividade proliferativa epitelial

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Se estudió un caso de adamantinoma histológicamente, además de inmunomarcación y microscopía electrónica, observado en un mujer de 55 años de edad, localizado en tercio superior de fémur, con una particular estructura quística, que se manifestó por dolor en la cadera y claudicación en la marcha. Fue tratada con resección oncológica y reemplazo protésico no convencional, observándose buena evolución en el seguimiento después de diez años de operada, sin recidiva

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Se estudió un caso de adamantinoma histológicamente, además de inmunomarcación y microscopía electrónica, observado en un mujer de 55 años de edad, localizado en tercio superior de fémur, con una particular estructura quística, que se manifestó por dolor en la cadera y claudicación en la marcha. Fue tratada con resección oncológica y reemplazo protésico no convencional, observándose buena evolución en el seguimiento después de diez años de operada, sin recidiva

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É relatado um caso de ameloblastoma associado a um cisto dentígero na hemi-mandíbula esquerda, em paciente do sexo masculino, de 19 anos de idade. Os autores comentam a patogênese após análise de casos na literatura

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