Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales/administración & dosificación , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inducido químicamente , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Adulto , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Mandíbula , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Extracción DentalRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of oral contraceptives on the incidence rate of alveolar osteitis (AO) following the surgical extraction of both impacted mandibular third molars. This retrospective study reviewed the clinical records of patients who presented to the oral surgery clinic of a university school of dentistry for the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Using a database search, all patients were categorized by sex, age, occurrence of AO, and whether the females were taking oral contraceptives at the time of surgery. The patient was considered positive for AO if either one or both sockets developed AO. The incidence of AO among women taking oral contraceptives at the time of impacted mandibular third molar extraction differed significantly from that in the other patient groups. AO occurred in 37.9% (11/29) of females taking oral contraceptives, while only 8.9% (16/179) of females who were not taking oral contraceptives at the time of extraction developed AO. The total incidence of AO among females was 13.0% (27/208). The total incidence of AO among the 363 males and females presenting for mandibular third molar extractions was 13.8%. Females who are taking oral contraceptives at the time of impacted mandibular third molar extraction are at a higher risk of developing AO following extraction.
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inducido químicamente , Prevalencia , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The aim of this comprehensive meta-analysis was to provide evidence-based data to test whether oral contraceptive (OC) use can promote the incidence of dry socket (DS) in females following impacted mandibular third molar extraction. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Elsevier Science Direct databases were searched. The pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using fixed-effects or random-effects model analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated with the Cochran test and I(2) statistic. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of 70 articles identified in the search, 12 reporting 16 clinical controlled trials were included in this study. The incidence of DS was significantly greater in the OC groups than in the control groups (RR 1.80, 95% CI 1.33-2.43). Subgroup analyses showed that the unit assessed (tooth or patient), the region in which the study was conducted, and the intervention were not related to the incidence of DS in females taking OC after impacted mandibular third molar extraction. The sensitivity analysis showed no significant change when any one study was excluded. Publication bias was also not detected. This study suggests that OC use may promote the incidence of DS in females following impacted mandibular third molar extraction.
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Mandíbula/cirugía , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Extracción Dental , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , IncidenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BONJ) is characterized by exposed nonvital maxillary or mandibular bone. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is an attractive modality for 3-dimensional imaging of the jaws. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic features of a series of 7 subjects with BONJ who were evaluated by both CBCT and digital panoramic radiography. STUDY DESIGN: Seven subjects with BONJ were evaluated by clinical examination, CBCT, and digital panoramic radiography. RESULTS: Radiographic findings included sclerosis, cortical irregularity, lucency, mottling, fragmentation/sequestra formation, sinus communication, and persistent sockets. There was high correlation between the anatomic location of clinical and radiographic findings. In nearly all cases, CBCT demonstrated a greater extent and quality of changes compared with panoramic radiography. CONCLUSIONS: Cone-beam CT is superior to panoramic radiography in its ability to characterize the nature and extent of radiographic changes in BONJ. Use of CBCT should be strongly considered when radiographic evaluations are included in prospective research investigations of BONJ. However, in the majority of cases of BONJ the clinical significance of improved imaging remains unclear, and therefore specific guidelines for routine clinical care cannot be recommended at this time.
Asunto(s)
Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Difosfonatos/efectos adversos , Enfermedades Mandibulares/inducido químicamente , Osteonecrosis/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Anciano , Alendronato/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Alveolo Seco/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Imidazoles/efectos adversos , Masculino , Enfermedades Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades Maxilares/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Maxilares/diagnóstico por imagen , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fístula Oroantral/inducido químicamente , Fístula Oroantral/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteonecrosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteosclerosis/inducido químicamente , Osteosclerosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Pamidronato , Radiografía Dental Digital/métodos , Radiografía Panorámica/métodos , Alveolo Dental/diagnóstico por imagen , Alveolo Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido ZoledrónicoRESUMEN
AIM: Female patients on estroprogestinic therapy undergoing extraction of the third lower molar have a higher incidence of postoperative complications (dry socket -DS- pain). The purpose of this study is to verify such data and analyse if there are risk factors for the appearance of other postoperative complications. METHODS: One hundred eighteen non-smoking healthy patients were included who underwent extraction of the impacted third lower molar (38 on oral contraceptives, OC, 80 as control). After the extraction, patients were prescribed with a pharmacological therapy, consisting of a per os antibiotic and antiseptic rinse. Each patient was examined after 7 days following surgery to verify the state of tissues. In addition subjective postoperative pain (VAS - Visual Analogue Scale) and intake of analgesic drugs were recorded. RESULTS: One case of DS (2.64%) occurred in the OC group, and 1 case of DS occurred in control-patients group (1.25%) (P=0.4436). The postoperative pain proved significantly higher in OC compared to control (first and fifth postoperation day). In OC a predisposition to dehiscence of the wound (86.84% P=0.0021) and emergence of laterocervical lymphadenitis (81.57% P=0.0010) was found, while no cases of postextractive abscesses and trismus of the masseter were found. CONCLUSION: Although no correlation between DS and estroprogestinic therapy has been found, a more difficult healing of tissues has been observed as well as a significantly higher subjective pain index in the postoperative days considered in OC patients.
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales Combinados/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Etinilestradiol/efectos adversos , Diente Molar , Norpregnenos/efectos adversos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/inducido químicamente , Extracción Dental , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Combinación de Medicamentos , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether oral contraceptive use affects the incidence of complications (pain, trismus, dry socket) in women undergoing removal of impacted mandibular third molars. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Two hundred and sixty seven women, aged 17 - 45 years, underwent removal of an impacted mandibular third molar. Eighty seven of the women were regular users of oral contraceptives. All patients were evaluated for postoperative pain, trismus and dry socket (localized alveolar osteitis). RESULTS: Mean trismus values (measured as maximum interincisal distance) were similar in the two groups of patients. Postoperative pain was significantly more frequent among women taking contraceptives, both on day 1 (30% of women taking contraceptives used analgesics, versus 11% of women not taking contraceptives, p < 0.001) and on day 5 (14% versus 5%, p = 0.024). Similarly, dry socket occurred more frequently among women taking contraceptives than among women not taking contraceptives (11% versus 4%, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the view that oral contraceptive use favours the appearance of dry socket and postoperative pain after extraction, but has no effect on trismus.
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Orales/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/epidemiología , Dolor/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Extracción Dental/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Comorbilidad , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Mandíbula/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , España/epidemiología , Trismo/inducido químicamente , Trismo/epidemiología , Trismo/etiologíaRESUMEN
A 68-year-old woman received a formocresol pulpectomy of the right lower lateral incisor. The temporary restoration was lost within hours. The next day, the patient suffered continuous pain, the gingiva sloughed, and the alveolar bone was exposed. Four days after treatment, the patient complained of moderate pain. Six days after the pulpectomy, the tooth spontaneously exfoliated. At this time she was referred to our hospital. The clinical diagnosis was chronic alveolitis. Treatment consisted of irrigation of the area. Three weeks after the pulpectomy, the dull pain had subsided, but the alveolar bone of the area showed increased mobility. Five weeks after the pulpectomy, the mobility of the alveolar bone was more significant and a sequestrectomy was performed with the patient under local anesthesia. The sequestrum of necrotic bone was approximately 10 x 5 x 5 mm in size. The patient has been symptom-free for 2 years since the sequestrectomy.
Asunto(s)
Proceso Alveolar/efectos de los fármacos , Formocresoles/efectos adversos , Osteonecrosis/inducido químicamente , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/efectos adversos , Exfoliación Dental/inducido químicamente , Anciano , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedades de las Encías/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Pulpectomía/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The effectiveness of medicinal herbs as antimicrobial agents was tested on isolated microorganisms from an induced alveolitis and on alveolitis in rats. Sixteen ethanolic extracts from plants were prepared and tested. The plant materials were selected from ethnobotanic data and the best result was obtained with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. The activity on Enterococcus, Bacillus corineforme, Streptococcus viridans and S. beta-hemolytic was better than the one presented by the antibiotic currently used for the treatment of alveolitis. The extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi has shown good wound-healing activity by histological analysis.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Alveolo Seco/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales , Anacardiaceae , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Brasil , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Alveolo Seco/tratamiento farmacológico , Enterococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the time to onset of analgesia and the analgesic efficacy of two formulations of acetaminophen 1000 mg--an effervescent solution and tablet--in 242 patients with moderate or severe pain following dental surgery. Onset of analgesia was determined using a two-stopwatch procedure. Analgesia was assessed over a 4-hour period. Treatments were compared using standard indexes of pain intensity and pain relief and summary measures. Both acetaminophen formulations were significantly more effective than their corresponding placebo for all efficacy assessments. The median time to onset of analgesia was significantly shorter with effervescent acetaminophen (20 minutes) compared to tablet acetaminophen (45 minutes). During the first 45 minutes after administration, effervescent acetaminophen was significantly more effective at each scheduled assessment time than tablet acetaminophen. The median time to meaningful pain relief was significantly shorter with effervescent acetaminophen (45 minutes) compared to tablet acetaminophen (60 minutes). At 4 hours after administration, the pain relief was significantly better with tablet acetaminophen than with effervescent acetaminophen. No other significant differences were observed between the active treatments. In conclusion, effervescent acetaminophen produces a significantly faster onset of analgesia than tablet acetaminophen.
Asunto(s)
Acetaminofén/uso terapéutico , Analgesia , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/uso terapéutico , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Extracción Dental/efectos adversos , Acetaminofén/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Analgésicos no Narcóticos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Cefalea/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Satisfacción del Paciente , Soluciones , Comprimidos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoAsunto(s)
Arsenicales/efectos adversos , Materiales Dentales/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Proceso Alveolar/efectos de los fármacos , Proceso Alveolar/patología , Desvitalización de la Pulpa Dental/efectos adversos , Alveolo Seco/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , NecrosisRESUMEN
Among the undesirable effects associated with the use of oral contraceptives are an increased incidence of thromboembolic events, an increased risk of myocardial infarction, and, in certain users, a significant elevation in blood pressure. An altered fibrinolytic activity may have a direct effect on the occurrence of localized osteitis, "dry sockets." It is also possible that gingival inflammation and loss of attachment may occur even under conditions of adequate plaque control. Salivary changes and alterations in the bony trabecular pattern of the mandible have been observed, but the clinical significance is as yet undetermined (Illustration).
Asunto(s)
Anticonceptivos Sintéticos Orales/efectos adversos , Anticonceptivos Orales/efectos adversos , Boca/efectos de los fármacos , Alveolo Seco/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Encía/efectos de los fármacos , Líquido del Surco Gingival/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Encías/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Hipertensión/inducido químicamente , Mandíbula/efectos de los fármacos , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Tromboembolia/inducido químicamente , Extracción DentalRESUMEN
Current literature has noted the various side effects of oral contraceptives. Oral surgeons have recently encountered an increased incidence of postoperative localized osteitis occurring with removal of manidibular third molars. This article documents the occurrence of this phenomenon among 105 women participating in a recent study at the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health.