RESUMEN
In the course of a bioprospective study of marine prokaryotes for cosmetic purposes, four strains, MD_567T, MD_652T, MD_674 and PS_109T, were isolated that 16S rRNA gene affiliation indicated could represent three new species within the family Alteromonadaceae. A thorough phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic taxonomic study confirmed that the isolates could be classified as three new taxa for which we propose the names Alteromonas antoniana sp. nov., Alteromonas lipotrueae sp. nov. and Alteromonas lipotrueiana sp. nov. In addition, the consistent monophyletic nature of the members of the genera Alteromonas and Salinimonas showed that both taxa should be unified, and therefore we also propose the reclassification of the genus Salinimonas within Alteromonas, as well as new combinations for the species of the former. As the specific epithets profundi and sediminis are already used for Alteromonas species, we created the nomina nova "Alteromonas alteriprofundi" nom. nov. and Alteromonas alterisediminis nom. nov. to accommodate the new names for "Salinimonas profundi" and Salinimonas sediminis. Whole genome comparisons also allowed us to detect the unexpected codification of aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradative compounds, such as benzoate and catechol, whose activity was then demonstrated phenotypically. Finally, the high genomic identity between the type strains of Alteromonas stellipolaris and Alteromonas addita indicated that the latter is a junior heterotypic synonym of Alteromonas stellipolaris.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonadaceae , Alteromonas/clasificación , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, MYP5T, was isolated from seawater in Jeju island of South Korea. MYP5T grew optimally at 30-35 °C and in the presence of 2.0â% (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that MYP5T fell within the clade enclosed by the type strains of species of the genus Alteromonas, clustering with the type strains of Alteromonas confluentis and Alteromonas halophila. MYP5T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value (98.0â%) to the type strain of A. confluentis and similarities of 95.1-97.9â% to the type strains of the other species of the genus Alteromonas. ANI and dDDH values of genomic sequences between MYP5T and the type strains of 22 species of the genus Alteromonas were 66.8-70.5â% and 18.6-27.5â%, respectively. The DNA G+C content of MYP5T, determined from the genome sequence, was 46.1â%. MYP5T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18â:â1 ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16â:â1 ω7c and/or C16â:â1 ω6c), C16â:â0 and 10-methyl C17â:â0 as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of MYP5T were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. Distinguishing phenotypic properties, along with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that MYP5T is separated from species of the genus Alteromonas. On the basis of the data presented, MYP5T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas ponticola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MYP5T (=KCTC 82144T=NBRC 114354T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/química , Fosfatidilgliceroles/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , República de Corea , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A Gram-staining-negative bacterium, designated 345S023T, was isolated from a sea water sample from the Indian Ocean. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that 345S023T represents a member of the genus Alteromonas, with closely related type strains Alteromonas fortis 1T (98.7â%), Alteromonas hispanica F-32T (98.6â%) and Alteromonas genovensis LMG 24078T (98.6â%). Up-to-date bacterial core gene set analysis revealed that 345S023T formed a phyletic lineage with Alteromonas australica H 17T. The case for 345S023T representing a novel species was supported by genomic results. Pairwise in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values were much lower than the proposed and generally accepted species boundaries. Strain 345S023T contains ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the sole isoprenoid quinone, summed featured 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or C16â:â1ω6c), C16â:â0 and C18â:â1ω7c as the dominant cellular fatty acids (>10â%), and phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. The genome of strain 345S023T consisted of a 4.4 Mb chromosome with a DNA G+C content of 44.4â%. On the basis of these genomic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics, we propose a novel species: Alteromonas profundi sp. nov. The type strain is 345S023T(=JCM 33893T=MCCC 1K04570T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Océano Índico , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
An alginate lyase-excreting bacterium, designated strain HB161718T, was isolated from coastal sand collected from Tanmen Port in Hainan, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative rods and motile with a single polar flagellum. Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8), and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of C16â:â1 ω7c and/or C16â:â1 ω6c, C18â:â1 ω6c and/or C18â:â1 ω7c, C16â:â0, C17â:â0 10-methyl and C16â:â0 N alcohol. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 44.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain HB161718T belonged to the genus Alteromonas, sharing 99.5, 99.4, 99.2, 98.9 and 98.5â% sequence similarities to its closest relatives, Alteromonas macleodii JCM 20772T, Alteromonas gracilis 9a2T, Alteromonas australica H17T, Alteromonas marina SW-47T and Alteromonas mediterranea DET, respectively. The low values of DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity showed that it formed a distinct genomic species. The combined phenotypic and molecular features supported the conclusion that strain HB161718T represents a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas portus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HB161718T (=CGMCC 1.13585T=JCM 32687T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Polisacárido Liasas , Arena/microbiología , Alteromonas/enzimología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
Strain 1T, isolated in the 1970s from the thallus of the carrageenophytic red algae, Eucheuma spinosum, collected in Hawaii, USA, was characterized using a polyphasic method. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-flagellated, ovoid or rod-shaped and grew optimally at 20-25 °C, at pH 6-9 and with 2-4â% NaCl. Strain 1T used the seaweed polysaccharides ι-carrageenan, laminarin and alginic acid as sole carbon sources. The major fatty acids were C16â:â0, C18â:â1 ω7c and summed feature 3 (C16â:â1 ω7c and/or iso-C15â:â0 2OH) with significant amounts (>6â%) of C16â:â0 N alcohol and 10 methyl C17â:â0. The respiratory quinone was Q-8 and major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown aminolipid. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the bacterium is affiliated to the genus Alteromonas (family Alteromonadaceae, class Gammaproteobacteria). Strain 1T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.8 and 99.2â% to the type strains of Alteromonas mediterranea and Alteromonas australica respectively, and of 95.2-98.6â% to other species of the genus Alteromonas. The DNA G+C content of strain 1T was determined to be 43.9 mol%. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization predictions by the ANI and GGDC methods between strain 1T and other members of the genus Alteromonas showed values below 83â% and 30â%, respectively. The phenotypic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses show that strain 1T is distinct from species of the genus Alteromonas with validly published names and that it represents a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonasfortis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1T (=ATCC 43554T=RCC 5933T=CIP 111645T=DSM 106819T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Carragenina/metabolismo , Filogenia , Rhodophyta/microbiología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hawaii , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/química , Fosfatidilgliceroles/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Algas Marinas/microbiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Alteromonas indica IO390401T was compared with Salinimonas sediminis N102T to examine the taxonomic relationship between the two type strains. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of A. indica IO390401T shared high similarity (99.9â%) with that of S. sediminis N102T. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains formed a tight cluster within the genus Salinimonas. Whole genomic comparison between the two strains revealed an average nucleotide identity of 99.2â% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization estimate of 92.6â%, strongly indicating that the two strains represented a single species. In addition, neither strain displayed any striking difference in metabolic, physiological or chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, we propose Alteromonas indica as a later heterotypic synonym of Salinimonas sediminis.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Alteromonadaceae/clasificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A novel strain, U0105T, was isolated from marine sediment of the coast of Weihai, China. The bacterium was aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, rod-shaped and motile. Growth was observed at salinities of 1.0-6.0â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum with 2.0-3.0â%), temperatures of 20-40 °C (optimum at 37 °C) and pH of 6.5-9.5 (optimum at pH 7.0-7.5). The isolate could not reduce nitrate to nitrite. It could hydrolyse starch and Tweens 20, 40 and 60, but not casein or cellulose. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain U0105T belonged to the genus Alteromonas, with highest sequence similarity to Alteromonas aestuariivivens KCTC 52655T (97.1â%). The average nucleotide identity value and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain U0105T and A. aestuariivivens KCTC 52655T were 69.2â% and 21.2â%, respectively. Strain U0105T was found to contain Q-8 as the sole menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or C16â:â1ω6c), C16â:â0 and C18â:â1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the chromosomal DNA was 45.3 mol%. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data show that strain U0105T represents a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is U0105T (=KCTC 62080T=MCCC 1H00299T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Filogenia , Pepinos de Mar , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Acuicultura , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , Estanques , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Two bacterial strains, P0211T and P0213T, were isolated from a sea cucumber culture pond in China. The strains were able to resist high copper levels. These two strains were characterized at the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic level. They were completely different colors, but the 16S rRNA genes showed 99.30% similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and five housekeeping genes (dnaK, sucC, rpoB, gyrB, and rpoD) supported the inclusion of these strains within the genus Alteromonas, and the two isolated strains formed a group separated from the closest species Alteromonas aestuariivivens KCTC 52655T. Genomic analyses, including average nucleotide identity (ANIb and ANIm), DNA-DNA hybridization (DDH), and the percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), clearly separated strains P0211T and P0213T from the other species within the genus Alteromonas with values below the thresholds for species delineation. The chemotaxonomic features (including fatty acid and polar lipid analysis) of strains P0211T and P0213T also confirmed their differentiation from the related taxa. The results demonstrated that strains P0211T and P0213T represented two novel species in the genus Alteromonas, for which we propose the names Alteromonas flava sp. nov., type strain P0211T (=KCTC 62078T=MCCC 1H00242T), and Alteromonas facilis sp. nov., type strain P0213T (=KCTC 62079T=MCCC 1H00243T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Cobre , Filogenia , Pepinos de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Acuicultura , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Genes Bacterianos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , Pigmentación , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile by one polar flagellum, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as 190T, was isolated from seawater of the West Pacific Ocean and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. Colonies were 1.0-2.0 mm in diameter, smooth, circular, convex and white after growth on marine agar at 30 °C for 24 h. Strain 190T was found to grow at 4-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum, pH 6.5) and with 0.5-12.5â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0â%). Chemotaxonomic analysis showed the sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 8 (Q-8), and the major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or iso-C15â:â0 2-OH), C16â:â0 and summed feature 8 (C18â:â1ω6c and/or C18â:â1ω7c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), one unidentified aminolipid (AL1) and two unidentified glycolipids (GL1, GL2). The DNA G+C content of strain 190T was 48.7 mol% based on the genome sequence. The comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strain 190T was closely related to Alteromonas oceani S35T (99.6â% sequence similarity), A. lipolytica JW12T (98.2â%), A. aestuariivivens JDTF-113T (97.7â%) and A. mediterranea DET (97.5â%); it exhibited 97.0â% or less sequence similarity with the type strains of other species with validly published names. Phylogenetic trees reconstructed with the neighbour-joining, maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 190T constituted a separate branch with A. oceani, A. confluentis, A. aestuariivivens and A. lipolytica in a clade of the genus Alteromonas. OrthoANI values between strain 190T and A. oceani S35T and A. lipolytica JW12T were 93.5 and 77.9â%, respectively, and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were 53.8 and 21.2â%, respectively. Differential phenotypic properties, together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, demonstrated that strain 190T is clearly distinct from recognized species of the genus Alteromonas. On the basis of these features, we propose that strain 190T (=MCCC 1K03456T=KCTC 62227T) represents a novel species of the genus Alteromonas with the name Alteromonas alba sp. nov.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Glucolípidos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Océano Pacífico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
Sinking marine oil snow was found to be a major mechanism in the transport of spilled oil from the surface to the deep sea following the Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil spill. Marine snow formation is primarily facilitated by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which are mainly composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by microorganisms. While numerous bacteria have been identified to degrade oil, there is a paucity of knowledge on bacteria that produce EPS in response to oil and Corexit exposure in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM). In this study, we isolated bacteria from surface water of the nGoM that grow on oil or Corexit dispersant. Among the 100 strains isolated, nine were identified to produce remarkable amounts of EPS. 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that six isolates (strains C1, C5, W10, W11, W14, W20) belong to the genus Alteromonas; the others were related to Thalassospira (C8), Aestuariibacter (C12), and Escherichia (W13a). The isolates preferably degraded alkanes (17-77%), over polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (0.90-23%). The EPS production was determined in the presence of a water accommodated fraction (WAF) of oil, a chemical enhanced WAF (CEWAF), Corexit, and control. The highest production of visible aggregates was found in Corexit followed by CEWAF, WAF, and control; indicating that Corexit generally enhanced EPS production. The addition of WAF and Corexit did not affect the carbohydrate content, but significantly increased the protein content of the EPS. On the average, WAF and CEWAF treatments had nine to ten times more proteins, and Corexit had five times higher than the control. Our results reveal that Alteromonas and Thalassospira, among the commonly reported bacteria following the DwH spill, produce protein rich EPS that could have crucial roles in oil degradation and marine snow formation. This study highlights the link between EPS production and bacterial oil-degrading capacity that should not be overlooked during spilled oil clearance.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/clasificación , Matriz Extracelular de Sustancias Poliméricas/microbiología , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Contaminación por Petróleo/análisis , Alteromonas/clasificación , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biodegradación Ambiental , Carbohidratos/análisis , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Matriz Extracelular de Sustancias Poliméricas/metabolismo , Golfo de México , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Rhodospirillaceae/clasificación , Rhodospirillaceae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain IO390401T, was isolated from a seawater sample from the sulphide region of the Indian Ocean. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain IO390401T is a member of the genus Alteromonas, sharing 97.0-97.4â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Alteromonas additaR10SW13T, A. stellipolaris LMG 21861T, A. naphthalenivorans JCM 17741T, A. gracilis 9a2T and A. australica H17T, and 94.8-96.8â% with the type strains of other species of the genus Alteromonas. Strain IO390401T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the sole isoprenoid quinone, C16:0 and C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c as the dominant cellular fatty acids, and phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipids. The genome of strain IO390401T consists of a 4.4 Mb chromosome with a G+C content of 48.2 mol%. Average nucleotide identity values between strain IO390401T and the three closest phylogenetic neighbours, namely A. additaR10SW13T, A. stellipolaris LMG 21861T and A. naphthalenivorans JCM 17741T, were 70.5, 70.4 and 70.6â%, respectively, and the corresponding in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values were 20.6, 20.7 and 21.1â%. Phylogenetic distinctiveness and chemotaxonomic differences, together with phenotypic properties determined in this study, revealed that strain IO390401T could be differentiated from closely related species. It is therefore proposed as representing a novel species in the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas indica sp. nov. is suggested. The type strain is IO390401T (=JCM 32638T=CGMCC 1.13554T=CCTCC AB 2018072T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/genética , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Océano Índico , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/química , Fosfatidilgliceroles/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
A novel rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated S35T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment collected from the Pacmanus hydrothermal field, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea. Strain S35T grew optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0â% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain S35T shared 97.38-98.55% similarity with the type strains of Alteromonas lipolytica, Alteromonas mediterranea and Aestuariibacterhalophilus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain S35T belonged to the genus Alteromonas. The strain contained ubiquinone-8 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone. Summed feature 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or C16â:â1ω7c), summed feature 8 (C18â:â1ω7c and/or C18â:â1ω6c) and C16â:â0 were the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain S35T was 51.3 mol%. These results indicated that strain S35T represents a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas oceani sp. nov. (type strain S35T=KCTC 52449T=CGMCC 1.16029T) is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Respiraderos Hidrotermales/microbiología , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/genética , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Papúa Nueva Guinea , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
Two Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria isolated from waters of the Abrolhos Bank were classified through a whole genome-based taxonomy. Strains PEL67ET and PEL68C shared 99% 16S rRNA and dnaK sequence identity with Alteromonas marina SW-47T and Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126T. In silico DNA-DNA Hybridization, i.e. genome-to-genome distance (GGD), average amino acid identity (AAI) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) showed that PEL67ET and PEL68C had identity values between 33-36, 86-88 and 83-84%, and 85-86 and 83%, respectively, towards their close neighbors A. macleodii ATCC 27126T and A. marina SW-47T. The DNA G + C contents of PEL67ET and PEL68C were 44.5%. The phenotypic features that differentiate PEL67ET and PEL68C strains from their close neighbors were assimilation of galactose and activity of phosphatase, and lack of mannitol, maltose, acetate, xylose and glycerol assimilation and lack of lipase, α and ß-glucosidase activity. The new species Alteromonas abrolhosensis is proposed. The type strain is PEL67ET (= CBAS 610T = CAIM 1925T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/clasificación , Alteromonas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , Brasil , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Bacteriano/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
A novel exopolysaccharide-producing strain, designated as 5.12T, was isolated from a sediment sample from the Southwest Indian Ridge, Indian Ocean. The strain was Gram-stain-negative, motile, strictly aerobic, and oxidase- and catalase-positive. It grew optimally at 35 °C, at pH 6.0 and in the presence of 3.5â% (w/v) NaCl. Its major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and summed feature 3 (comprising C16â:â1ω6c and/or C16â:â1ω7c), C16â:â0 and C18â:â1ω7c were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 46.1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis suggested that strain 5.12T is a member of the genus Alteromonas. Strain 5.12T exhibited close 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Alteromonas lipolytica JW12T (96.1â%), Alteromonas hispanica F-32T (95.9â%), Alteromonas confluentis DSSK2-12T (95.9â%), Alteromonas litorea TF-22T (95.6â%) and Alteromonas mediterranea DET (95.5â%). Strain 5.12T contained phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. Owing to significant differences in the 16S rRNA gene sequences, as well as the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the novel isolate described here merits classification as a representative of a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas pelagimontana sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of this species is 5.12T (LMG 29661T= MCC 3250T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/genética , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Océano Índico , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfatidiletanolaminas/química , Fosfatidilgliceroles/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, JDTF-113T, was isolated from a tidal flat in Jindo, an island of South Korea. Strain JDTF-113T grew optimally at 30 °C, at pH 7.0-8.0 and in the presence of 2.0â% (w/v) NaCl. A neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, revealed that strain JDTF-113T fell within the clade enclosing the type strains of species of the genus Alteromonas. Strain JDTF-113T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 97.1-98.1â% to the type strains of Alteromonaslipolytica, Alteromonaslitorea, Alteromonasmediterranea, Alteromonasconfluentis, Alteromonas hispanica, Alteromonasgenovensis and Alteromonasmarina, and of 94.8-96.9â% to those of the other species of the genus Alteromonas. Strain JDTF-113T contained Q-8 as the predominant ubiquinone and C16â:â0, summed feature 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or C16â:â1ω6c) and C18â:â1ω7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids of strain JDTF-113T were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain JDTF-113T was 51.1 mol% and its mean DNA-DNA relatedness values with the type strains of seven closely phylogenetically related species of the genus Alteromonaswere was 10-23â%. The differential phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness support strain JDTF-113T being separated from species of the genus Alteromonaswith validly publishednames. On the basis of the data presented, strain JDTF-113T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas aestuariivivens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JDTF-113T (=KCTC 52655T=NBRC 112708T).
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/genética , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , República de Corea , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ubiquinona/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To develop evolutionary models for the free living bacterium Alteromonas the genome sequences of isolates of the genus have been extensively analyzed. However, the main genetic exchange drivers in these microbes, conjugative elements (CEs), have not been considered in detail thus far. In this work, CEs have been searched in several complete Alteromonas genomes and their sequence studied to understand their role in the evolution of this genus. Six genomes are reported here for the first time. RESULTS: We have found nine different plasmids of sizes ranging from 85 to 600 Kb, most of them were found in a single strain. Networks of gene similarity could be established among six of the plasmids that were also connected with another cluster of plasmids found in Shewanella strains. The cargo genes found in these plasmids included cassettes found before in chromosome flexible genomic islands of Alteromonas strains. We describe also the plasmids pAMCP48-600 and pAMCP49-600, the largest found in Alteromonas thus far (ca. 600 Kb) and containing all the hallmarks to be classified as chromids. We found in them some housekeeping genes and a cluster that code for an exocellular polysaccharide. They could represent the transport vectors for the previously described replacement flexible genomic islands. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were more common than plasmids and showed similar patterns of variation with cargo genes coding for components of additive flexible genomic islands. A nearly identical ICE was found in A. mediterranea MED64 and Vibrio cholera AHV1003 isolated from a human pathogen, indicating the potential exchange of these genes across phylogenetic distances exceeding the family threshold. CONCLUSION: We have seen evidence of how CEs can be vectors to transfer gene cassettes acquired in the chromosomal flexible genomic islands, both of the additive and replacement kind. These CEs showed evidence of how genetic material is exchanged among members of the same species but also (albeit less frequently) across genus and family barriers. These gradients of exchange frequency are probably one of the main drivers of species origin and maintenance in prokaryotes and also provide these taxa with large genetic diversity.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/genética , Conjugación Genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Genómica , Plásmidos/genética , Alteromonas/clasificación , Alteromonas/metabolismo , Composición de Base , Biología Computacional/métodos , Genómica/métodos , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Mapeo de Interacción de Proteínas , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Proteoma , Proteómica/métodosRESUMEN
Strain JW12T, isolated from surface seawater of the Arabian Sea, was subjected to characterization by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Cells of the isolate were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. It accumulated poly-ß-hydroxybutyrate. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JW12T was closely related to Alteromonas confluentis, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98.0â%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it fell within the cluster of the genus Alteromonas and represented one independent lineage with A. confluentis. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value and the genome-to-genome distance between strain JW12T and A. confluentis KCTC 42603T were 70.0 and 21.3â%, respectively. The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q8). The principal fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16â:â1ω7c and/or iso-C15â:â0 2-OH), C16â:â0 and C18â:â1ω7c. The major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified glycolipids and one aminophospholipid. The DNA G+C content was 48.4 mol%. Differential phylogenetic distinctiveness and chemotaxonomic differences, together with phenotypic properties obtained in this study, revealed that strain JW12T could be differentiated from the closely related species. Therefore, it is proposed that strain JW12T represents a novel species in the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas lipolytica sp. nov. (type strain, JW12T=CGMCC 1.15735T=KCTC 52408T=MCCC 1K03175T), is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Hidroxibutiratos/metabolismo , Filogenia , Poliésteres/metabolismo , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Alteromonas/genética , Alteromonas/aislamiento & purificación , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Océano Índico , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Fosfolípidos/química , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
A new aerobic marine bacterium, strain S3431, was isolated from swab samples of an unidentified polychaete near Canal Concepción, Chile. This strain was thought to represent a new taxon within the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Although DNA-DNA reassociation values showed less than 70 % genomic DNA relatedness to established Pseudoalteromonas type strains, it shared 78 % DNA-DNA relatedness with Alteromonas fuliginea DSM 15748 (=KMM 216) (Romanenko et al., 1994). A. fuliginea has later been considered a heterotypic synonym of Pseudoalteromonas citrea(Ivanova et al., 1998). Relatedness between strains S3431, A. fuliginea DSM 15748 and the type strain P. citrea LMG 12323T was therefore studied. Physiological traits and genomic information were shared at a high level by strains S3431 and DSM 15748, but not between these and P. citrea LMG 12323T. There was only approximately 20 % DNA-DNA relatedness between P. citrea LMG 12323T and strains S3431 and DSM 15748. Based on the available phylogenetic and phenotypic data, the reclassification of A. fuliginea DSM 15748 (Romanenko et al., 1995) â Pseudoalteromonas citrea(Ivanova et al., 1998) as Pseudoalteromonas fuligineacomb. nov. is proposed, and strain S3431 should be assigned to this new species. The name Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea is proposed with KMM 216T (=DSM 15748T=CIP 105339T) as the type strain.
Asunto(s)
Alteromonas/clasificación , Filogenia , Poliquetos/microbiología , Pseudoalteromonas/clasificación , Animales , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Chile , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
Axenic gametes of the marine green macroalga Ulva mutabilis Føyn (Ria Formosa, locus typicus) exhibit abnormal development into slow-growing callus-like colonies with aberrant cell walls. Under laboratory conditions, it was previously demonstrated that all defects in growth and thallus development can be completely abolished when axenic gametes are inoculated with a combination of two specific bacterial strains originally identified as Roseobacter sp. strain MS2 and Cytophaga sp. strain MS6. These bacteria release diffusible morphogenetic compounds (= morphogens), which act similar to cytokinin and auxin. To investigate the ecological relevance of the waterborne bacterial morphogens, seawater samples were collected in the Ria Formosa lagoon (Algarve, Southern Portugal) at 20 sampling sites and tidal pools to assess their morphogenetic effects on the axenic gametes of U. mutabilis. Specifically the survey revealed that sterile-filtered seawater samples can completely recover growth and morphogenesis of U. mutabilis under axenic conditions. Morphogenetic activities of free-living and epiphytic bacteria isolated from the locally very abundant Ulva species (i.e., U. rigida) were screened using a multiwell-based testing system. The most represented genera isolated from U. rigida were Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Sulfitobacter followed by Psychrobacter and Polaribacter. Several naturally occurring bacterial species could emulate MS2 activity (= induction of cell divisions) regardless of taxonomic affiliation, whereas the MS6 activity (= induction of cell differentiation and cell wall formation) was species-specific and is probably a feature of difficult-to-culture bacteria. Interestingly, isolated bacteroidetes such as Algoriphagus sp. and Polaribacter sp. could individually trigger complete Ulva morphogenesis and thus provide a novel mode of action for bacterial-induced algal development. This study also highlights that the accumulation of algal growth factors in a shallow water body separated from the open ocean by barrier islands might have strong implications to, for example, the wide usage of natural coastal seawater in algal (land based) aquacultures of Ulva.
Asunto(s)
Células Germinativas/efectos de los fármacos , Morfogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Ulva/efectos de los fármacos , Alteromonas/clasificación , Alteromonas/metabolismo , Cultivo Axénico , Bacteroidetes/clasificación , Bacteroidetes/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cytophaga/clasificación , Cytophaga/metabolismo , Células Germinativas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Células Germinativas/microbiología , Morfogénesis/fisiología , Filogenia , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/biosíntesis , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Portugal , Psychrobacter/clasificación , Psychrobacter/metabolismo , Roseobacter/clasificación , Roseobacter/metabolismo , Agua de Mar , Ulva/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ulva/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Alteromonas macleodii strains isolated from the Black sea water were similar in their fatty acids composition with the type strain of this species. Analysis of lipid composition of 10 A. macleodii strains isolated from the deep and surface water layers in different World ocean regions including the Black sea water has shown that the deep and surface isolates of this species formed two groups different in their fatty acids profiles. The Black sea isolates of Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, P. citrea, P. flavipulchra conformed to these species type strains in their fatty acids composition. On the basis of the fatty acids spectra similarity of three Pseudoalteromonas species strains with Plipolytica described in 2010 has been established. Presence of three isomers C16:1ψ7, C 16:1ψ9 and C16:1ψ6--components of hexadecenic acid in the Black sea isolates of Shewanella baltica has been shown.