RESUMEN
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to rediscuss the leading theories concerning the role of basal ganglia and the thalamus in the genesis of aphasic symptoms in the absence of gross anatomical lesions in cortical language areas as assessed by conventional neuroimaging studies. RECENT FINDINGS: New concepts in language processing and modern neuroimaging techniques have enabled some progress in resolving the impasse between the current dominant theories: (a) direct and specific linguistic processing and (b) subcortical structures as processing relays in domain-general functions. Of particular interest are studies of connectivity based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tractography that highlight the impact of white matter pathway lesions on aphasia development and recovery. Connectivity studies have put into evidence the central role of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and uncinate fasciculus (UF) in the genesis of aphasia. Regarding the thalamus, its involvement in lexical-semantic processing through modulation of the frontal cortex is becoming increasingly apparent.
Asunto(s)
Afasia , Tálamo , Humanos , Afasia/fisiopatología , Afasia/diagnóstico por imagen , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patología , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tálamo/fisiopatología , Tálamo/patología , Ganglios Basales/diagnóstico por imagen , Ganglios Basales/fisiopatología , Ganglios Basales/patología , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (PWA). However, language assessment in the low literacy population is still a challenge. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a formal evaluation of aphasia is able to distinguish the neurological effect from the effect of low educational level in people with post-stroke aphasia. METHODS: The sample consisted of a group of 30 aphasic subjects (AG) and a control group (CG) of 36 individuals, both with an educational level of 1-4 years. The Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment battery was applied to all subjects. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in 19 out of the 20 tasks analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that formal evaluation procedures are able to detect language disorders resulting from stroke, even in subjects with low educational level.
Asunto(s)
Afasia , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patología , Brasil , Escolaridad , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicacionesRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: Language tests are important in the assessment and follow up of people with aphasia (PWA). However, language assessment in the low literacy population is still a challenge. Objective: To investigate whether a formal evaluation of aphasia is able to distinguish the neurological effect from the effect of low educational level in people with post-stroke aphasia. Methods: The sample consisted of a group of 30 aphasic subjects (AG) and a control group (CG) of 36 individuals, both with an educational level of 1-4 years. The Brazilian Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment battery was applied to all subjects. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the groups in 19 out of the 20 tasks analyzed. Conclusions: These results suggest that formal evaluation procedures are able to detect language disorders resulting from stroke, even in subjects with low educational level.
RESUMO Antecedentes: Os testes de linguagem são importantes para a avaliação e o acompanhamento de pacientes afásicos. Apesar disso, a avaliação de linguagem em indivíduos com baixa escolaridade ainda é um desafio. Objetivo: Investigar se a avaliação formal da afasia é capaz de diferenciar o efeito da lesão neurológica versus o efeito da baixa escolaridade em pacientes afásicos, acometidos por acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Métodos: A amostra foi composta de um grupo de 30 sujeitos afásicos (AG) e um grupo controle (CG) de 36 indivíduos, todos com um a quatro anos de escolaridade. A Bateria Montreal-Toulouse de Avaliação da Linguagem foi administrada a todos os participantes. Resultados: Das 20 tarefas analisadas, 19 apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que procedimentos formais de avaliação são capazes de identificar as alterações linguísticas ocasionadas por um AVC, também em pacientes com baixa escolaridade.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patología , Brasil , Escolaridad , Pruebas del LenguajeRESUMEN
Language and its associated disorders have puzzled humanity since the dawn of civilization. The first descriptions of aphasia go back to classical antiquity. The Egyptians and Babylonians believed speech was a divine gift to mortals, and their descriptions of aphasia attributed these events to their Gods' anger and disfavour. The Edwin Smith Surgical Papyrus and the Hippocratic Corpus report several aphasia cases, relating this phenomenology to apoplexy, epilepsy, and other illnesses.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/historia , Afasia/patología , Encéfalo/patología , Neurología/historia , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XXRESUMEN
Around a third of stroke survivors suffer from acquired language disorders (aphasia), but current medicine cannot predict whether or when they might recover. Prognostic research in this area increasingly draws on datasets associating structural brain imaging data with outcome scores for ever-larger samples of stroke patients. The aim is to learn brain-behaviour trends from these data, and generalize those trends to predict outcomes for new patients. The practical significance of this work depends on the expected breadth of that generalization. Here, we show that these models can generalize across countries and native languages (from British patients tested in English to Chilean patients tested in Spanish), across neuroimaging technology (from MRI to CT), and from scans collected months or years after stroke for research purposes, to scans collected days or weeks after stroke for clinical purposes. Our results suggest one important confound, in attempting to generalize from research data to clinical data, is the delay between scan acquisition and language assessment. This delay is typically small for research data, where scans and assessments are often acquired contemporaneously. But the most natural, clinical application of these predictions will employ acute prognostic factors to predict much longer-term outcomes. We mitigated this confound by projecting the clinical patients' lesions from the time when their scans were acquired, to the time when their language abilities were assessed; with this projection in place, there was strong evidence that prognoses derived from research data generalized equally well to research and clinical data. These results encourage attention to the confounding role that lesion growth may play in other types of lesion-symptom analysis.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/diagnóstico , Modelos Neurológicos , Neuroimagen , Plasticidad Neuronal , Accidente Cerebrovascular/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patología , Afasia/fisiopatología , Chile , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Plasticidad Neuronal/fisiología , Pronóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) was originally described as a distinct clinicopathological entity in 1967. Since then, different phenotypic presentations have emerged as possible manifestations of CBD histopathological findings. In addition, pathophysiological findings and the molecular basis have been delineated and several aspects of its cognitive manifestations have been clarified. Thus, not only the spectrum of what is currently designated as CBD has expanded, but overlap with other degenerative and even secondary disorders has made clinical diagnostic certainty even more challenging in the absence of specific and readily-available markers. Cognitive deficits in CBD are now recognized as a frequent initial presentation and may appear up to eight years before the motor symptoms, depending on the phenotypic variant. Characteristic cognitive features of CBD involve language deficits, visuospatial and executive dysfunctions, apraxia, and behavioral disorders. Semantic and episodic memories are usually preserved, while language is often impaired in the early stages.
Asunto(s)
Ganglios Basales/patología , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/patología , Demencia/patología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/patología , Afasia/patología , Atrofia/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Demencia/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Lenguaje , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/psicología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Habla/fisiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) was originally described as a distinct clinicopathological entity in 1967. Since then, different phenotypic presentations have emerged as possible manifestations of CBD histopathological findings. In addition, pathophysiological findings and the molecular basis have been delineated and several aspects of its cognitive manifestations have been clarified. Thus, not only the spectrum of what is currently designated as CBD has expanded, but overlap with other degenerative and even secondary disorders has made clinical diagnostic certainty even more challenging in the absence of specific and readily-available markers. Cognitive deficits in CBD are now recognized as a frequent initial presentation and may appear up to eight years before the motor symptoms, depending on the phenotypic variant. Characteristic cognitive features of CBD involve language deficits, visuospatial and executive dysfunctions, apraxia, and behavioral disorders. Semantic and episodic memories are usually preserved, while language is often impaired in the early stages.
RESUMO A degeneração corticobasal (DCB) foi originalmente descrita como uma entidade clínico-patológica distinta em 1967. Desde então, nossa compreensão sobre DCB evoluiu substancialmente. Diferentes apresentações fenotípicas emergiram refletindo possíveis manifestações das anormalidades histopatológicos da DCB. Adicionalmente, dados fisiopatológicos e moleculares foram delineados e aspectos das manifestações cognitivas foram explorados. Assim, não só o espectro do que é atualmente designado DCB foi expandido, mas a sobreposição com outras doenças degenerativas e até mesmo secundárias tornaram o diagnóstico clínico ainda mais desafiador na ausência de marcadores específicos e prontamente disponíveis. Déficits cognitivos na DCB são agora reconhecidos frequentemente como apresentações iniciais e podem surgir até 8 anos antes dos sintomas motores, dependendo da variante fenotípica. O quadro cognitivo envolve característicamente déficits de linguagem, disfunção visuoespacial e executiva, apraxia, e distúrbios comportamentais. Anormalidades da linguagem são frequentemente descritas nos estágios iniciais da DCB.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Ganglios Basales/patología , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/patología , Demencia/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/patología , Afasia/patología , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Atrofia/patología , Habla/fisiología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/psicología , Demencia/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Lenguaje , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Aphasia is a language disorder associated with focal brain lesions. Although the topographic definition of the language area has been widely accepted, there is not necessarily any direct correlation between the lesion site and the manifested symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze aspects of language in aphasics in relation to lesion topography. METHODS: A prospective, descriptive study of qualitative nature was conducted on 31 individuals, aged older than 15 years, with at least three years of schooling, and a confirmed diagnosis of stroke. Language assessment was carried out using the Montreal Toulouse battery (alpha version), Boston naming test, and FAS test. Language test results were compared against lesion topography findings from magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Heterogeneous results were found when comparing topography with aphasia, non-aphasia, and performance on language scales. CONCLUSION: No direct relationship was evident between lesion topography, aphasia, and language test performance.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/etiología , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Lenguaje , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Afasia/patología , Afasia/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Aphasia is a language disorder associated with focal brain lesions. Although the topographic definition of the language area has been widely accepted, there is not necessarily any direct correlation between the lesion site and the manifested symptoms. Objective: To analyze aspects of language in aphasics in relation to lesion topography. Methods: A prospective, descriptive study of qualitative nature was conducted on 31 individuals, aged older than 15 years, with at least three years of schooling, and a confirmed diagnosis of stroke. Language assessment was carried out using the Montreal Toulouse battery (alpha version), Boston naming test, and FAS test. Language test results were compared against lesion topography findings from magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Heterogeneous results were found when comparing topography with aphasia, non-aphasia, and performance on language scales. Conclusion: No direct relationship was evident between lesion topography, aphasia, and language test performance.
Afasia é um distúrbio de linguagem associado à lesão cerebral focal. Embora a área de linguagem tenha uma definição topográfica largamente aceita, não se encontra necessariamente uma correlação direta entre o local da lesão e os sintomas manifestados. Objetivo: Analisar aspectos da linguagem em afásicos e a relação com a topografia da lesão. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, descritivo e de caráter qualitativo e quantitativo, envolvendo 31 indivíduos com idade acima de 15 anos, escolaridade de três anos ou mais e diagnóstico confirmado de acidente vascular cerebral. Foram empregados para avaliação de linguagem o Protocolo Montreal Toulouse (versão alfa), o Teste de Nomeação do Boston e o Teste FAS. Os dados foram comparados com a topografia da lesão, obtidos por ressonância magnética. Resultados: Foi observada heterogeneidade, quando a topografia foi comparada com afasia, não-afasia e o desempenho nas provas de linguagem. Conclusão: Não observou-se relação direta entre a topografia da lesão, a afasia e o desempenho nas provas de linguagem.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Afasia/etiología , Lesiones Encefálicas/patología , Lenguaje , Accidente Cerebrovascular/complicaciones , Afasia/patología , Afasia/fisiopatología , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Estudios Prospectivos , Accidente Cerebrovascular/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Evaluation of speech and language may help in localization of site and extension of brain lesions, particularly in the absence of other neurological signs or radiologically defined injuries. OBJECTIVE: To verify what language tasks are best correlated to which brain regions, in order to develop a test for neurologists in emergency settings. METHOD: Thirty-seven adult first-stroke patients were submitted to cognitive and language tests, and then paired with thirty-seven healthy controls. Patients underwent CT and/or MRI for topographic correlation with test results (p<0.05). RESULTS: All tests were able to distinguish patients from controls, but only word/sentence repetition, naming, ideomotor praxis and, non-significantly, comprehension and counting 1-20 predicted left hemisphere lesions. Repetition was related to perisylvian structures, comprehension to the posterior portion of the middle cerebral artery territory, and fluency to frontal lesions, while naming was accurate only for lesion side. CONCLUSION: Language and cognitive tasks can help in the localization of acute stroke lesions.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/patología , Mapeo Encefálico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Afasia/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Discriminación del Habla , Percepción del Habla , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Evaluation of speech and language may help in localization of site and extension of brain lesions, particularly in the absence of other neurological signs or radiologically defined injuries. OBJECTIVE: To verify what language tasks are best correlated to which brain regions, in order to develop a test for neurologists in emergency settings. METHOD: Thirty-seven adult first-stroke patients were submitted to cognitive and language tests, and then paired with thirty-seven healthy controls. Patients underwent CT and/or MRI for topographic correlation with test results (p<0.05). RESULTS: All tests were able to distinguish patients from controls, but only word/sentence repetition, naming, ideomotor praxis and, non-significantly, comprehension and counting 1-20 predicted left hemisphere lesions. Repetition was related to perisylvian structures, comprehension to the posterior portion of the middle cerebral artery territory, and fluency to frontal lesions, while naming was accurate only for lesion side. CONCLUSION: Language and cognitive tasks can help in the localization of acute stroke lesions.
Avaliação de fala e linguagem pode ajudar na localização do sítio e da extensão de lesões cerebrais, especialmente quando ausentes outros sinais neurológicos ou radiológicos. OBJETIVO: Verificar quais tarefas linguísticas se correlacionam melhor com quais regiões cerebrais, a fim de desenvolver um teste para uso pelos neurologistas em emergências. MÉTODO: 37 pacientes e 37 controles pareados passaram por avaliação linguístico-cognitiva. Pacientes foram submetidos a TC e/ou RM para correlação topográfica com os resultados da avaliação (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: Todos os testes diferenciaram pacientes de controles, mas apenas os de repetição de palavras/sentenças, nomeação, praxia ideomotora e, de forma não-significativa, compreensão e contagem 1-20 puderam predizer lesões no hemisfério esquerdo. Os testes de repetição estavam relacionados com estruturas perisylvianas, compreensão com a porção posterior do território da artéria cerebral média, e fluência com regiões frontais, enquanto os de nomeação localizavam apenas o lado das lesões. CONCLUSÃO: Testes linguístico-cognitivos podem ajudar a localizar infartos cerebrais agudos.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Afasia/patología , Mapeo Encefálico , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patología , Afasia/diagnóstico , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Lateralidad Funcional , Pruebas del Lenguaje , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Pruebas de Discriminación del Habla , Percepción del Habla , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The term asymmetric cortical degenerative syndromes (ACDSs) refers to any brain afflictions that result in selective atrophy, particularly with an asymmetric pattern. Regardless of the etiology, the resulting compromised profile reflects the affected topography, which correlates with the clinical findings, more than any specific neuropathologic entity. REVIEW SUMMARY: ACDS can represent a diagnostic challenge, because of an overlap of clinical manifestations, especially in the early stages. Magnetic resonance techniques are useful to understand nuclear medicine studies and to confirm areas of focal atrophy by providing anatomic details and allowing an accurate correlation with several different clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS: This article demonstrates a practical neuroradiologic approach for ACDS, including optimized imaging analysis (magnetic resonance and nuclear medicine studies), which correlates their patterns with clinical and pathologic findings of the most relevant disorders.
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Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/patología , Afasia/patología , Degeneración Lobar Frontotemporal/clasificación , Degeneración Lobar Frontotemporal/patología , Degeneración Lobar Frontotemporal/fisiopatología , Humanos , Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
El objetivo de esta presentación es reflexionar acerca del rol del equipo interdisciplinario en el abordaje de los trastornos neurolingüísticas desde la perspectiva fonoaudiológica, a partir de los hallazgos de una investigación que abordó el trabajo en equipo interdisciplinario para la atención temprana del paciente afásico. El propósito perseguido es instalar en los espacios de formación de la disciplina fonoaudiológica, en particular, y en las del campo de la salud, en general, la discusión/inclusión de núcleos temáticos con una visión interdisciplinaria. En este sentido se afirma que la interacción entre los diferentes campos disciplinares debe ser incorporada como una práctica más, que debe ser aprehendida y ejercida desde el inicio de la formación de grado para un futuro beneficio de la salud y la calidad de vida de la población. Se realiza una revisión de los conceptos de disciplina, multidisciplina, interdisciplina y transdisciplina a fin de enmarcar el trabajo de equipo y se profundiza en la labor interdisciplinaria. Se describe los aportes que, desde diferentes disciplinas, confluyen en la rehabilitación del paciente afásico y la necesidad de que el equipo maneje un mismo lenguaje y trabaje de una manera integral e integrada, para lo cual es imprescindible trascender los límites de las disciplinas en aras de lograr un diálogo entre los saberes.
Several professionals, implicated in the treatment of neurolinguistic deficits/aphasia, were surveyed on the subject of the need of a team approach, who were the team members, how the team worked and how did they apply the concepts in their practice. Based on their responses, the authors establish to rigorously reflect on the role of the interdisciplinary team in the approach to the above mentioned pathology.The ultimate goal is to foster the inclusion of the concept of team approach in the institutions where speech pathology and other health care professions are taught; in view of this goal, the authors insist that the interaction between the different disciplines must be incorporated as an essential element to the clinical practice for the benefit of the clients wellbeing.The concepts of discipline, multidiscipline, interdiscipline and transdiscipline are revised in order to provide a framework for the team, and a special emphasis is made in interdiscipline. The elements brought by each discipline to the treatment and rehabilitation of the client as well as the commonality in language and the intent to work in an integrated and full manner are presented. The most important aspect brought to the fore is the needto transcend the individual professional limits to establish a true exchange of knowledge in view of the clients wellbeing.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/patología , Afasia/rehabilitación , Enfermería , Grupo de Atención al Paciente , Relaciones Profesional-PacienteRESUMEN
AIMS: The purpose of this study is to offer an update on the anatomofunctional bases of language and the theories that explain its normal and pathological development. METHOD: Language is a clear example of one of the higher functions of the brain, the development of which is carried out, on the one hand, in a genetically determined anatomofunctional structure and, on the other hand, by the verbal stimulus provided by the environment. Several systems and subsystems are at play within the anatomofunctional structure and these operate in series and in parallel. A large amount of the knowledge we have about the neurophysiological bases of language come from observations carried out in adult patients with circumscribed lesions and their clinical consequences (aphasias). Findings from recent studies involving functional imaging in volunteers submitted to linguistic tests have added more data. According to Damasio, three functional systems are at work in language: 1. The instrumental system, which corresponds to the perisylvian region of the dominant hemisphere where phonological processing takes place; 2. The mediation system, which includes temporal, frontal and parietal areas that surround the anterior region and are where lexical items are organised in a modular fashion, in terms of categories, actions and functional or connecting words; 3. The semantic system, which includes extensive areas of the cortex in both hemispheres and is the seat of concepts and meanings. Throughout a child s development, the evolution he or she follows to reach the neurolinguistic organisation of the adult brain requires the integrity and proper functioning of these structures that are for the most part located in the dominant hemisphere. We review the different theories that appear in the specialised literature concerning the causes and fisiopathogenic mechanisms behind dysphasias in early childhood. CONCLUSIONS: Among the numerous functions that take part in the complex language system, some are essential for its normal development. From the work of Tallal et al. it has been seen that the sequential and fast phonological processing of consonant vowel shifts is altered in dysphasic and dyslexic children. This finding is related with the disorders in the normal asymmetry of the temporal planum (the left is larger than the right) that has been observed in these patients and with the neuropathological findings of Galaburda et al. in dyslexic patients who had previously been dysphasic, in whom cytoarchitectural anomalies (heterotopias) were found, above all in the left perisylvian region. Obviously not all forms of dysphasia are the result of this alteration. According to Chevrie Muller s classical chart adapted by us in accordance with Damasio s scheme it is possible to locate the dysphasic syndromes in different loci and distinguish a different physiopathological mechanism for each of them.
Asunto(s)
Afasia/fisiopatología , Lenguaje , Afasia/patología , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/fisiología , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Conducta Verbal/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como propósito estudiar las intervenciones ling³ísticas de los fonoaudiólogos y las simetrías interenunciado que se presentan en los textos orales resultados de las interacciones dialógicas entre terapeutas y niños con dificultades en su lenguaje (retardo anártrico y/o afásico). Para ello se analizaron 12 textos obtenidos de la transcripción de diálogos, registrados con grabador, surgidos de la interacción clínica sostenida por 4 profesionales fonoaudiólogos con 3 niños cada uno. Los resultados obtenidos permiten observar que la mayoría de las intervenciones ling³ísticas analizadas, el 96, 36 por ciento son interpretativas, el 2,08 por ciento son no interpretativas y el 1,56 por ciento son interpretativas / no interpretativas; las simetrías interenunciado que más se evidencian en los diálogos son simetrías por repetición en un 91,5 por ciento. La presencia de dichas unidades de la oralidad (simetrías interenunciado), parte de las configuraciones discursivas, manifestarían la presencia de sujetos que participan en los diálogos y cuyas hablas constituyen un discurso en común. Las intervenciones ling³ísticas interpretativas de los fonoaudiólogos otorgan al niño la posibilidad, de que el...(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Terapia del Lenguaje , Afasia/patologíaRESUMEN
En el presente trabajo de investigación se efectúan dos estudios: en un primer momento se analiza la frecuencia de aparición de distintos síntomas ling³ísticos de la codificación semántica a partir de la presentación de estímulos sensoperceptivos y de estímulos verbales. En el segundo, se estudiaron las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos. La población en la que se llevó a cabo este estudio constituída por 109 distorsiones de la codificación semántica producidas por 15 pacientes adultos portadores de sindromes afásicos leves y moderados que concurrieron durante 1994 al departamento de Fonoaudiología de ILAR y por residentes del Hospital Geriátrico Provincial en el año 1994. El estudio descriptivo permite concluir que la frecuencia de síntomas ling³ísticos de la codificación semántica fue semejante en las tres pruebas consideracdas para la exploración semiológica del lenguaje: lenguaje espontáneo 38,53 por ciento, descripción de lámina 25,69 por ciento y denominación de objetos 35,78 por ciento. Con respecto a las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos se arribó a la siguiente conclusión: dentro de las parafasias monémicas y parafasias verbales paradigmáticas de distancias (D) intersemánticas intermedias las relaciones semánticas de aparición más frecuente fueron dentro de la misma clase o subclase. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas máximas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por atributo compartido. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas mínimas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por sinonimia(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Lingüística , Semántica , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patologíaRESUMEN
En el presente trabajo de investigación se efectúan dos estudios: en un primer momento se analiza la frecuencia de aparición de distintos síntomas ling³ísticos de la codificación semántica a partir de la presentación de estímulos sensoperceptivos y de estímulos verbales. En el segundo, se estudiaron las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos. La población en la que se llevó a cabo este estudio constituída por 109 distorsiones de la codificación semántica producidas por 15 pacientes adultos portadores de sindromes afásicos leves y moderados que concurrieron durante 1994 al departamento de Fonoaudiología de ILAR y por residentes del Hospital Geriátrico Provincial en el año 1994. El estudio descriptivo permite concluir que la frecuencia de síntomas ling³ísticos de la codificación semántica fue semejante en las tres pruebas consideracdas para la exploración semiológica del lenguaje: lenguaje espontáneo 38,53 por ciento, descripción de lámina 25,69 por ciento y denominación de objetos 35,78 por ciento. Con respecto a las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos se arribó a la siguiente conclusión: dentro de las parafasias monémicas y parafasias verbales paradigmáticas de distancias (D) intersemánticas intermedias las relaciones semánticas de aparición más frecuente fueron dentro de la misma clase o subclase. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas máximas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por atributo compartido. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas mínimas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por sinonimia(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Semántica , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patologíaRESUMEN
En el presente trabajo de investigación se efectúan dos estudios: en un primer momento se analiza la frecuencia de aparición de distintos síntomas lingüísticos de la codificación semántica a partir de la presentación de estímulos sensoperceptivos y de estímulos verbales. En el segundo, se estudiaron las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos. La población en la que se llevó a cabo este estudio constituída por 109 distorsiones de la codificación semántica producidas por 15 pacientes adultos portadores de sindromes afásicos leves y moderados que concurrieron durante 1994 al departamento de Fonoaudiología de ILAR y por residentes del Hospital Geriátrico Provincial en el año 1994. El estudio descriptivo permite concluir que la frecuencia de síntomas lingüísticos de la codificación semántica fue semejante en las tres pruebas consideracdas para la exploración semiológica del lenguaje: lenguaje espontáneo 38,53 por ciento, descripción de lámina 25,69 por ciento y denominación de objetos 35,78 por ciento. Con respecto a las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos se arribó a la siguiente conclusión: dentro de las parafasias monémicas y parafasias verbales paradigmáticas de distancias (D) intersemánticas intermedias las relaciones semánticas de aparición más frecuente fueron dentro de la misma clase o subclase. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas máximas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por atributo compartido. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas mínimas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por sinonimia
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adulto , Afasia/diagnóstico , Afasia/etiología , Afasia/patología , Lingüística , SemánticaRESUMEN
En el presente trabajo de investigación se efectúan dos estudios: en un primer momento se analiza la frecuencia de aparición de distintos síntomas ling³ísticos de la codificación semántica a partir de la presentación de estímulos sensoperceptivos y de estímulos verbales. En el segundo, se estudiaron las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos. La población en la que se llevó a cabo este estudio constituída por 109 distorsiones de la codificación semántica producidas por 15 pacientes adultos portadores de sindromes afásicos leves y moderados que concurrieron durante 1994 al departamento de Fonoaudiología de ILAR y por residentes del Hospital Geriátrico Provincial en el año 1994. El estudio descriptivo permite concluir que la frecuencia de síntomas ling³ísticos de la codificación semántica fue semejante en las tres pruebas consideracdas para la exploración semiológica del lenguaje: lenguaje espontáneo 38,53 por ciento, descripción de lámina 25,69 por ciento y denominación de objetos 35,78 por ciento. Con respecto a las relaciones semánticas que quedan involucradas en los desplazamientos parafásicos se arribó a la siguiente conclusión: dentro de las parafasias monémicas y parafasias verbales paradigmáticas de distancias (D) intersemánticas intermedias las relaciones semánticas de aparición más frecuente fueron dentro de la misma clase o subclase. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas máximas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por atributo compartido. En las distancias (D) intersemánticas mínimas las relaciones semánticas de mayor frecuencia de aparición fueron por sinonimia(AU)