RESUMEN
Esse estudo teve como objetivo principal investigar a relação entre os subtipos de Eventos Estressores Precoces e os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos em adultos. Foram utilizados o Questionário sobre Traumas na Infância (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) e o Questionário de Esquemas de Young - forma reduzida (Young Schema Questionnaire - short form) em uma amostra, não-clínica de 200 pessoas, na qual metade (n=100) apontou a presença de Eventos Estressores Precoces. Os dados foram processados no software IBM SPSS Statistics - versão 22, por meio de estatística descritiva, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, e comparação de médias através do Teste t de Amostras Independentes. As análises de correlação revelaram que cada subtipo de abuso e negligência se relacionou de diferentes formas com os Esquemas Iniciais Desadaptativos, sugerindo que a influência diferencial de cada tipo deve ser estudada. Dentre todos os subtipos de Eventos Estressores Precoces, o abuso emocional se destacou, apresentando maior prevalência e correlações com mais esquemas.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the subtypes of Early Life Stressors and the Early Maladaptive Schemas in adults. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Young Schema Questionnaire (short form) were used in a non-clinical sample of 200 people in which half (n = 100) had a previous history of Early Life Stressors. The data was processed in the IBM SPSS Statistics - version 22 software, using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations coefficients and comparison of means by using the Independent Samples t-Test. Correlation analysis revealed that each type of abuse and neglect was related in different ways to the Early Maladaptive Schemes, which suggests that the differential influence of each type should be studied. Among all the subtypes of Early Stressful Events, the emotional abuse was the one that stood out, showing a higher prevalence and correlations with more schemes than other form of maltreatment, such as physical and sexual abuse.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la relación entre los subtipos de Eventos Estresantes Tempranos y los Esquemas Maladaptativos Tempranos en adultos. Se utilizaron el "Cuestionario de Trauma Infantil" (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) y el "Cuestionario de esquemas - forma reducida" (Young Schema Questionnaire - short form) en una muestra no clínica de 200 personas, en la que la mitad (n = 100) indicó la presencia de EEP. Los datos fueron processados en el software IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 22, utilizando estadística descriptiva, coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y comparación de medias utilizando la Prueba t para Muestras Independientes. Los análisis de correlación revelaron que cada subtipo de abuso y negligencia se relacionó de diferentes formas con los Esquemas Maladaptativos Tempranos, sugiriendo que se debería estudiar la influencia diferencial de cada tipo. Entre todos los subtipos de Eventos Estresantes Tempranos, se destacó el abuso emocional, que tuvo una mayor prevalencia y correlaciones con más esquemas.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Maltrato a los Niños , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Adultos Sobrevivientes de Eventos Adversos Infantiles , Abuso Emocional , Estrés Psicológico , Salud MentalRESUMEN
A demora no diagnóstico do câncer atrasa o início do tratamento e tem impacto adverso no prognóstico do paciente. Embora o trauma infantil seja uma realidade comum na vida dos indivíduos, a ciência de sua ocorrência e consequências ainda são negligenciados em portadores de doenças crônicas. Estudos de nossa equipe e outros têm mostrado evidências das consequências do trauma infantil sobre aspectos emocionais, comportamentais e clinicopatológicos em pacientes com câncer. No entanto, até o momento, não há estudos que avaliaram a associação do trauma na infância com o atraso para o diagnóstico do câncer. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi avaliar, pela primeira vez, a relação entre a ocorrência de trauma infantil e o tempo de demora para o diagnóstico da doença em um grupo de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço (CCP). Neste estudo transversal, 111 pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço foram avaliados quanto aos fatores preditores para o tempo prolongado do paciente procurar atendimento e de sua trajetória no sistema de saúde até o diagnóstico da doença. O ponto de corte para avaliação do atraso para o diagnóstico foi de 3 meses, considerando até 3 meses como menor atraso e mais de 3 meses como maior atraso. Dados demográficos, clinicopatológicos e comportamentais foram extraídos dos prontuários dos pacientes. O Questionário sobre Trauma na Infância (QUESI) foi utilizado para avaliar a ocorrência de trauma infantil. Análises de regressão múltipla foram usadas para avaliar a associação das variáveis demográficas, comportamentais e clinicopatológicas, bem como da ocorrência de trauma na Infância com tempo de demora para o diagnóstico de câncer. Os resultados mostraram que o tempo médio de demora para os pacientes com CCP procurarem atendimento após perceber o primeiro sinal da doença foi de 129,50 dias, e o tempo médio de atraso entre o paciente procurar o primeiro serviço de saúde após perceber o tumor e receber o diagnóstico definitivo de câncer foi 196,43 dias. A ocorrência de abuso físico na infância foi uma variável independente para maior demora do paciente em procurar o primeiro atendimento após ter percebido o primeiro sintoma de câncer (OR = 3,22, IC = 1,020-10,183, p = 0,046). Pacientes que tinham o tumor localizado na laringe (OR = 13,5, IC = 2,645-69,355, p = 0,002) e tinham histórico de abuso emocional na infância (OR = 6,7, IC = 1,974-23,293, p = 0,002) eram mais propensos a terem um tempo maior que 3 meses entre a primeira consulta em um serviço de saúde e o recebimento do diagnóstico de câncer. Pacientes do sexo feminino (OR = 5,6, IC = 1,658-18,934, p = 0,006) e com o tumor localizado na laringe (OR = 11,2, IC = 2,204-56,987, p = 0,004), tiveram um maior atraso entre perceber o primeiro sintoma e ter o diagnóstico da doença. Em conjunto a fatores clinicopatológicos, o histórico de experiências traumáticas na infância pode ser preditivo para um maior atraso do paciente com câncer procurar os serviços de saúde e receber o diagnóstico. Os resultados do presente estudo devem estimular que a redução do trauma no período infantil seja considerada no desenvolvimento de estratégias para a prevenção secundária do câncer(AU)
Delay in the diagnosis of cancer retard the initiation of treatment and has an adverse impact on the patient's prognosis. Although childhood trauma is a common reality in the lives of individuals, the science of its occurrence and consequences are still neglected in patients with chronic diseases. Studies by our team and others have shown evidence of the consequences of childhood trauma on emotional, behavioral and clinicopathological aspects in cancer patients. However, to date, there are no studies that have evaluated the association of childhood trauma with delay in cancer diagnosis. The objective of the present research was to evaluate, for the first time, the relationship between the occurrence of childhood trauma and the delay time for the diagnosis of the disease in a group of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). In this cross-sectional study, 111 patients with head and neck cancer were evaluated regarding predicting factors for the patient's prolonged time to seek care and their trajectory in the health system until the diagnosis of the disease. The cut-off point for evaluating the delay for diagnosis was 3 months, considering up to 3 months as the shortest delay and more than 3 months as the longest delay. Demographic, clinicopathological and behavioral data were extracted from the patients' records. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess the occurrence of childhood trauma. Multiple regression analyzes were used to assess the association of demographic, behavioral, and clinicopathological variables, as well as the occurrence of childhood trauma with time delay for the diagnosis of cancer. The results showed that the average delay for HNC patients to seek care after noticing the first sign of the disease was 129.50 days, and the average delay time between the patient seeking the first healthcare professional after noticing the tumor and receiving the definitive diagnosis of cancer was 196.43 days. The childhood physical abuse occurrence was an independent variable for the patient's longer delay in seeking first care after having noticed the first symptom of cancer (OR = 3.22, CI = 1.020-10.183, p = 0.046). Patients who had the tumor located in the larynx (OR = 13.5, CI = 2.645- 69.355, p = 0.002) and had a history of childhood emotional abuse (OR = 6.7, CI = 1.974-23.293, p = 0.002) were more likely to have a time greater than 3 months between the first consultation at a health service and receiving the diagnosis of cancer. Female patients (OR = 5.6, CI = 1.658-18.934, p = 0.006) and with the tumor located in the larynx (OR = 11.2, CI = 2.204-56.987, p = 0.004), had a longer delay between noticing the first symptom and being diagnosed with the disease. In conjunction with clinicopathological factors, the history of traumatic experiences in childhood may be predictive of a longer delay in the cancer patient seeking health services and receiving the diagnosis. The results of the present study should encourage the reduction of childhood trauma to be considered in the development of strategies for secondary cancer prevention(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Pólipos , Neoplasias Laríngeas , Trauma Psicológico , Adultos Sobrevivientes de Eventos Adversos Infantiles , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Servicios Básicos de Salud , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Childhood abuse (CA) is a risk factor for a number of psychiatric disorders and has been associated with higher risk of developing bipolar disorders (BD). CA in BD has been associated with more severe clinical outcomes, but the neurobiological explanation for this is unknown. Few studies have explored in vivo measurement of brain metabolites using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in CA and no studies have investigated the association of CA severity with brain neurometabolites in BD. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether CA severity is associated with changes in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neurometabolite profile in BD and HC subjects. METHODS: Fifty-nine BD I euthymic patients and fifty-nine HC subjects were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and underwent a 3-Tesla 1H-MRS scan. Severity of childhood abuse (physical, sexual and emotional) and its association with levels of brain metabolites was analyzed within each group. RESULTS: BD patients had higher total scores on the CTQ and higher severity rates of sexual and physical abuse compared to HC subjects. Greater severity of physical and sexual abuse was associated with increased ACC PCr level and lower Cr/PCr ratio in the BD group only. CONCLUSION: Sexual and physical abuse in BD patients, but not in HC subjects, appeared to be associated with creatine metabolism in the ACC, which can influence neuronal mitochondrial energy production. Further studies should investigate whether this is the mechanism underlying the association between CA and worse clinical outcomes in BD.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Trastorno Bipolar/metabolismo , Creatina/metabolismo , Giro del Cíngulo/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Giro del Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence at some point in their lives and to compare the presence of depressive and anxious symptoms, quality of life, and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs among this population and those who were not abused. METHODS: Validated questionnaires and instruments were applied in a group of university students to assess: sexual profile and behavior, socioeconomic status, presence or not of sexual violence (Questionnaire on Exposure to Traumatizing Events), depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) and anxious symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), quality of life (World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment) and the use or abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs (Smoking, Alcohol, and Substance Involvement Screening Test). RESULTS: Out of the 858 students who participated, 71 (8.3%) were victims of sexual violence, 52 girls (73.2%). In the victims of violence group there were more students who already had the first sexual intercourse (p = 0.029), students who already had become pregnant (p = 0.001), students with higher scores for depressive (p < 0.001) and anxious symptoms (p = 0.001), students with worse quality of life (p < 0.001), and who used more tobacco (p = 0.008) and marijuana (p = 0.025) as well as abused hypnotics or sedatives (p = 0.048) than in the non-victim group. CONCLUSION: The abuses are presented in several forms and affect, even in long term, the survivors' life. The sexual violence theme should be addressed and widely discussed in all spheres of society in order to mobilize, to sensitize, and provide society with knowledge, demystifying this subject and drawing attention to this important social issue.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Fumar Tabaco/psicología , Adolescente , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Abuso Sexual Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas , Masculino , Embarazo , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Fumar Tabaco/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Substance use disorder is known to be associated with childhood trauma, yet prevalence estimates have varied markedly due to methodological differences. The meta-analysis presented here aimed to estimate prevalence rates of childhood trauma for people with substance use disorder using the short form of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF). METHODS: Four major public databases (PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and PsycINFO) were searched for eligible studies until April 2nd, 2018. RESULTS: Ten studies were included with a total sample size of 1,310 across six countries. The prevalence estimates of each subtype of childhood trauma across all substance use disorder samples were: emotional abuse (38%, 95% CI: 28%-48%); physical abuse (36%, 95% CI: 27%-45%); sexual abuse (31%, 95% CI: 23%-41%); emotional neglect (31%, 95% CI: 18%-45%) and physical neglect (32%, 95% CI: 25%-40%). Subgroup analysis by continent demonstrated that the highest prevalence rates of emotional abuse were found in North America and South America (45%). Compared with other continents, the prevalence rates of North America were the highest for physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect and physical neglect (39%-44%). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood trauma is prevalent among substance use disorder samples compared to the general population. Different continents have different levels of prevalence of childhood trauma, which may be due in part to socioeconomic, cultural and definitional variations.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Asia/epidemiología , Niño , Maltrato a los Niños/tendencias , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , América del Norte/epidemiología , Prevalencia , América del Sur/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnósticoRESUMEN
El siguiente trabajo se encuentra enmarcado dentro del UBACyT (Azaretto, Ross, 2018-2020) "Lecturas del psicoanálisis sobre 'lo social'. Modos en que la teoría psicoanalítica tematiza algunas cuestiones sociales", en conjunción con el trabajo de maestría en psicoanálisis y de la beca de culminación de doctorado sobre la temática del incesto, articulando al psicoanálisis con la antropología y la filosofía. Las particularidades sintomáticas del lenguaje y la gramática, que hemos encontrado en los casos de incesto, nos han llevado a abordar la distinción hecha por Lacan entre lalangue y el lenguaje, incorporando los aportes de Claude Lévi-Strauss y de Gilles Deleuze, esenciales para comprender estas particularidades sintomáticas
The following work is framed within the UBACyT (Azaretto, Ross, 2018-2020) "Readings of psychoanalysis on" the social ". Ways in which psychoanalytic theory thematizes some social issues", in conjunction with the master´s degree in psychoanalysis and the doctorate completion scholarship on the subject of incest articulating psychoanalysis with anthropology and philosophy. Due to the symptomatic peculiarities, that we have found in cases of incest, regarding language and grammar, it was essential for us to address the distinction made by Lacan between lalangue and language, incorporating in this work the contributions by Claude Lévi-Strauss and Gilles Deleuze, which in our opinion are essential to understand these symptomatic particularities
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Dislexia , Lingüística , Agrafia , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , IncestoRESUMEN
Objective: Patients with bipolar disorders have a high risk of suicidal behavior. Childhood maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for suicidal behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the association between childhood-maltreatment subtypes and vulnerability to suicide attempts in bipolar disorder using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Methods: A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. Thirteen studies met the selection criteria. In the meta-analysis, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess a wide range of childhood maltreatment subtypes, which were analyzed by using a random-effects model to account for the likely variations of true effect sizes between the included studies. Results: In the systematic review, 13 studies met the selection criteria. The CTQ was selected for the meta-analysis to increase the homogeneity of assessment and to encompass a wide range of childhood-maltreatment subtypes. The data were analyzed using a random-effects model. Compared to bipolar non-attempters, bipolar suicide attempters had experienced childhood maltreatment with a significantly higher frequency and had higher total CTQ scores (Hedges' g = -0.38, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.24, z = -5.27, p < 0.001) and CTQ sub-scores (sexual abuse: g = -0.39, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.26, z = -5.97; physical abuse: g = -0.26, 95%CI -0.39 to -0.13, z = -4.00; emotional abuse: g = -0.39, 95%CI -0.65 to -0.13, z = -2.97; physical neglect: g = -0.18, 95%CI -0.31 to -0.05, z = -2.79; emotional neglect: g = -0.27, 95%CI -0.43 to -0.11, z = -3.32). Conclusions: Childhood maltreatment, as assessed by the CTQ, may contribute to an increased risk of suicidal behavior among people with bipolar disorders. Recognizing maltreatment as an etiological risk factor is a crucial step toward furthering science-based preventive psychiatry.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Trastorno Bipolar , Maltrato a los Niños , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Intento de Suicidio , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ideación SuicidaRESUMEN
Psychiatric disorders and childhood trauma are highly prevalent in female inmates. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a number of roles in neuronal survival, structure, and function. Data in the literature suggest that it is a neurobiological substrate that moderates the impact of childhood adversities on the late expression of psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether five childhood trauma subtypes-physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect-are associated with adult psychiatric disorders, BDNF levels, and criminality among incarcerated women. This was a cross-sectional study involving a consecutive sample of 110 women, divided into three groups of women (forensic - mentally ill who committed crimes, clinical psychiatric inpatients and healthy controls). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus were applied in the whole sample, and BDNF levels were measured in a sub-sample of 54 women. The rates of mental illness and childhood trauma were high in the forensic group. Emotional abuse was higher in the clinical and forensic groups than in the healthy control group. Lower BDNF levels were associated with emotional abuse in the forensic group as well as with sexual abuse in the healthy control group. After multinomial logistic regression, lower levels of BDNF, higher levels of emotional abuse and the presence of familial offense were considered factors related to clinical psychiatric group. The results of this study underscore the idea that BDNF may be an important factor related to the development of diseases and criminality in women who are victims of childhood trauma, becoming a possible biological marker.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicología , Factor Neurotrófico Derivado del Encéfalo/sangre , Crimen/psicología , Conducta Criminal , Criminales/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/sangre , Adulto , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/clasificación , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hospitales Psiquiátricos , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/clasificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Introduction Childhood trauma has been suggested to be involved in susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BP). However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of childhood trauma is differently distributed in subthreshold bipolar disorder (SBP). Objective To assess childhood trauma in young adults with SBP, as compared to young adults with BP and population controls (PC). Method This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to define the groups with BP (subjects with a lifetime or current manic episode or lifetime or current hypomania with a history of a depressive episode), SBP (subjects with a history of hypomanic episode without lifetime or current depressive episode), and subjects without mood disorders (PC). Childhood trauma was assessed using de Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We investigated differences regarding childhood trauma across the three groups (BP, SBP and PC). Result Except for sexual abuse, all subtypes of childhood trauma remained associated with the BP group as compared to PC. Additionally, when we compared SBP and BP, significant differences were found only for emotional abuse. No significant differences were found in relation to childhood trauma between the SBP and PC groups after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that investigating childhood trauma, with a particular focus on emotional abuse, could be considered a preventive measure and potentially improve the prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes de Eventos Adversos Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Manía/epidemiología , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiología , Adulto , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastorno Bipolar/etiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Manía/etiología , Trauma Psicológico/complicaciones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Childhood adversities are linked with mental health problems throughout the life course, including personality pathology. Less is known about consequences in the next generation, particularly in non-Western populations. In the Barbados Nutrition Study, we assessed associations of two parental (G1) childhood adversities- (1) maltreatment history using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and (2) clinically ascertained infant malnutrition limited to the first year of life-on PD symptoms in their G2 offspring, using NEO FFM PD prototypes. In linear regression models clustered by family and adjusted for other G1 childhood adversities and family socioeconomic status, we found that G1 parental history of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with increased G2 offspring Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic, and Dependent PD scores. When G1 childhood malnutrition was the exposure of interest, we found a significant association with Schizoid PD scores. When the sample was restricted to offspring of G1 mothers, even more extensive associations with G2 personality pathology were observed. This study supports a link between parental exposure to childhood adversities and increased personality maladaptivity in the next generation, with some specific patterns worthy of further exploration.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Desnutrición/psicología , Padres/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/etiología , Adulto , Barbados , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Madres/psicología , Personalidad , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Clase Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Patients with bipolar disorders have a high risk of suicidal behavior. Childhood maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for suicidal behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the association between childhood-maltreatment subtypes and vulnerability to suicide attempts in bipolar disorder using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). METHODS: A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. Thirteen studies met the selection criteria. In the meta-analysis, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess a wide range of childhood maltreatment subtypes, which were analyzed by using a random-effects model to account for the likely variations of true effect sizes between the included studies. RESULTS: In the systematic review, 13 studies met the selection criteria. The CTQ was selected for the meta-analysis to increase the homogeneity of assessment and to encompass a wide range of childhood-maltreatment subtypes. The data were analyzed using a random-effects model. Compared to bipolar non-attempters, bipolar suicide attempters had experienced childhood maltreatment with a significantly higher frequency and had higher total CTQ scores (Hedges' g = -0.38, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.24, z = -5.27, p < 0.001) and CTQ sub-scores (sexual abuse: g = -0.39, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.26, z = -5.97; physical abuse: g = -0.26, 95%CI -0.39 to -0.13, z = -4.00; emotional abuse: g = -0.39, 95%CI -0.65 to -0.13, z = -2.97; physical neglect: g = -0.18, 95%CI -0.31 to -0.05, z = -2.79; emotional neglect: g = -0.27, 95%CI -0.43 to -0.11, z = -3.32). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood maltreatment, as assessed by the CTQ, may contribute to an increased risk of suicidal behavior among people with bipolar disorders. Recognizing maltreatment as an etiological risk factor is a crucial step toward furthering science-based preventive psychiatry.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños , Trastorno Bipolar , Maltrato a los Niños , Niño , Humanos , Ideación Suicida , Intento de Suicidio , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction Childhood trauma has been suggested to be involved in susceptibility to bipolar disorder (BP). However, it remains unclear whether the occurrence of childhood trauma is differently distributed in subthreshold bipolar disorder (SBP). Objective To assess childhood trauma in young adults with SBP, as compared to young adults with BP and population controls (PC). Method This was a cross-sectional, population-based study. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to define the groups with BP (subjects with a lifetime or current manic episode or lifetime or current hypomania with a history of a depressive episode), SBP (subjects with a history of hypomanic episode without lifetime or current depressive episode), and subjects without mood disorders (PC). Childhood trauma was assessed using de Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). We investigated differences regarding childhood trauma across the three groups (BP, SBP and PC). Result Except for sexual abuse, all subtypes of childhood trauma remained associated with the BP group as compared to PC. Additionally, when we compared SBP and BP, significant differences were found only for emotional abuse. No significant differences were found in relation to childhood trauma between the SBP and PC groups after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion These findings suggest that investigating childhood trauma, with a particular focus on emotional abuse, could be considered a preventive measure and potentially improve the prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiología , Adultos Sobrevivientes de Eventos Adversos Infantiles/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Manía/epidemiología , Trastorno Bipolar/etiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Trauma Psicológico/complicaciones , Manía/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between attempted suicide and childhood trauma. METHODS: A seven month comparative case-control study (28 subjects - patients with suicide attempt; 56 controls - patients without suicide attempt). The following instruments were used: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). RESULTS: The group with suicide attempt had significantly higher scores for some variables: emotional abuse (p < 0.001), physical abuse (p < 0.001), emotional neglect (p < 0.001), and physical neglect (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that variables related to previous trauma may influence future suicide attempts. The adoption of preventive and therapeutic actions related to mistreatments during child development is a crucial factor in reduction of suicide risk.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Abstract Objective To analyze associations between attempted suicide and childhood trauma. Methods A seven month comparative case-control study (28 subjects - patients with suicide attempt; 56 controls - patients without suicide attempt). The following instruments were used: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Results The group with suicide attempt had significantly higher scores for some variables: emotional abuse (p < 0.001), physical abuse (p < 0.001), emotional neglect (p < 0.001), and physical neglect (p < 0.001). Conclusions The results suggest that variables related to previous trauma may influence future suicide attempts. The adoption of preventive and therapeutic actions related to mistreatments during child development is a crucial factor in reduction of suicide risk.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Trauma Psicológico/epidemiología , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has serious consequences for women, and their vulnerability is increased if their experiences related to abuse occurred at an early age. This study examines the risk of experiencing stressful life events (SLE) during the lives of Nicaraguan victims of IPV in situations of extreme poverty according to their exposure to episodes of violence in their family of origin. In the study participated 136 women victims of IPV living in the marginal areas of the city of León (Nicaragua). They were contacted through the Nicaraguan Commissariat for Women (CW). The results indicate an increased risk of experiencing SLE in the lives of those who suffered abuse in their family of origin and/or witnessed abuse of their mother. Identifying abuse suffered in childhood is a priority because of its consequences, as growing up in environments that tolerate violence may lead to a chronification of subsequent abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Exposición a la Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Familia , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , NicaraguaRESUMEN
Suffering traumatic experiences linked to violence seems to be related to suicide attempts, especially, when the physical or sexual abuse has been experienced at an early age. This study examines the relationship between the history of abuse and suicide attempts among women victims of violence living in poverty in Nicaragua. This sample was subjected to a particularly serious range of stressful situations and experiences related to violence throughout their lives. The results show that women who experienced abuse during childhood were more likely to report a history of suicide attempts than women without a history of childhood abuse. Therefore, suicide attempts seem to be related more to those traumatic experiences during childhood than to violence suffered afterward. Identifying this type of abuse is particularly important because of its implications for the victims' health, as suicide attempts are maladaptive behaviors with which the women in the sample could have been addressing the trauma they experienced in their childhood. It is, therefore, necessary to highlight this problem in a developing country, which has been the focus of a limited number of studies, and where there are no support mechanisms for victims whose rights have been violated.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Pobreza/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Violencia/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Modelos Logísticos , Nicaragua , Factores de Riesgo , Salud de la Mujer , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Suicide is an important problem in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The importance of mental disorders and social vulnerability on suicidal behaviors is described in the literature; however, the impact of childhood traumatic events in this scenario is not clear. The aim of this study was to verify the mediation effect of mental disorder comorbidities and social vulnerability in association with childhood trauma intensity and suicide risk level. This cross-sectional study of HIV-positive outpatients was conducted in a specialized care service in the city of Pelotas in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data and HIV-related information were collected and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was applied. A total of 364 patients underwent psychiatric evaluation using MINI Plus including module C of suicide risk severity. Suicide risk was present in 39.3% of the sample. The relation between childhood traumatic events and the level of suicide risk is mediated by mental disorder comorbidities and socioeconomic vulnerability. Specific psychosocial interventions in PLWHA should consider the potential role of abusive traumatic experiences in the current mental health conditions and suicidal behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Suicidio/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between child maltreatment and depressive symptomatology during gestation in adolescents. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with pregnant adolescents aged 12 to 19 years. Data were collected with the Beck Depression Inventory, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS: Compared to adolescents who did not experience each type of neglect or abuse, experiencing them was associated with a higher proportion of depressive symptoms: emotional neglect PR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.1; 1.8); physical neglect PR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.3; 1.7); emotional abuse PR = 1.8 (95% CI 1.4; 2.2); and physical abuse PR = 1.3 (95% CI 1.1; 1.7). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the association between childhood experiences and mental health in adolescence, especially in vulnerable samples, such as pregnant adolescents. This finding reveals the importance of studying early trauma in life and enabling preventive help, especially in adolescents. High-quality evidence of perinatal mental health problems should be generated to make pregnancy safer for women in low- and middle-income countries.
Asunto(s)
Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Embarazo en Adolescencia/psicología , Adolescente , Brasil , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Salud Mental , Embarazo , Investigación Cualitativa , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence at some point in their lives and to compare the presence of depressive and anxious symptoms, quality of life, and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs among this population and those who were not abused. METHODS: Validated questionnaires and instruments were applied in a group of university students to assess: sexual profile and behavior, socioeconomic status, presence or not of sexual violence (Questionnaire on Exposure to Traumatizing Events), depressive (Beck Depression Inventory) and anxious symptoms (Beck Anxiety Inventory), quality of life (World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment) and the use or abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and illegal drugs (Smoking, Alcohol, and Substance Involvement Screening Test). RESULTS: Out of the 858 students who participated, 71 (8.3%) were victims of sexual violence, 52 girls (73.2%). In the victims of violence group there were more students who already had the first sexual intercourse (p = 0.029), students who already had become pregnant (p = 0.001), students with higher scores for depressive (p < 0.001) and anxious symptoms (p = 0.001), students with worse quality of life (p < 0.001), and who used more tobacco (p = 0.008) and marijuana (p = 0.025) as well as abused hypnotics or sedatives (p = 0.048) than in the non-victim group. CONCLUSION: The abuses are presented in several forms and affect, even in long term, the survivors' life. The sexual violence theme should be addressed and widely discussed in all spheres of society in order to mobilize, to sensitize, and provide society with knowledge, demystifying this subject and drawing attention to this important social issue.
RESUMO OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de adolescentes e adultos jovens que foram vítimas de violência sexual em algum momento da vida e comparar a presença de sintomas depressivos e ansiosos, qualidade de vida e uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas entre esta população e a que não sofreu abuso. MÉTODOS: Aplicaram-se questionários e instrumentos validados, em uma população de estudantes universitários, para avaliar: perfil e comportamento sexual, nível socioeconômico, presença ou não de violência sexual (Questionário sobre a Exposição a Eventos Traumatizantes), sintomas depressivos (Inventário de Depressão de Beck) e ansiosos (Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck), qualidade de vida (World Health Organization's Quality of Life Assessment) e o uso ou abuso de tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas (Teste para Triagem do Envolvimento com Fumo, Álcool e Outras Drogas). RESULTADOS: Dos 858 alunos que responderam à pesquisa, 71 (8,3%) foram vítimas de violência sexual, sendo 52 meninas (73,2%). No grupo vítima de abuso havia mais alunos que já tinham tido a coitarca (p = 0,029), alunas que já engravidaram (p = 0,001), estudantes com maiores escores para sintomas depressivos (p < 0,001) e ansiosos (p = 0,001), alunos com pior qualidade de vida (p < 0,001) e que usavam mais tabaco (p = 0,008) e maconha (p = 0,025) bem como abusavam de hipnóticos ou sedativos (p = 0,048) que no grupo não vítima. CONCLUSÃO: Os impactos causados pelo abuso são diversos e afetam, mesmo no longo prazo, a vida dos sobreviventes. Abordar o tema e o discutir, amplamente, em todas as esferas da sociedade é uma forma de mobilizar, sensibilizar e instrumentalizar o coletivo, desmistificando o assunto e chamando atenção para essa importante questão social.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Embarazo , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Ansiedad/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Delitos Sexuales/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Fumar Tabaco/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Sexual Infantil/psicología , Abuso Sexual Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil/epidemiología , Drogas Ilícitas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Trastornos Relacionados con Alcohol/epidemiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Fumar Tabaco/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Childhood maltreatment is related to adverse health outcomes. However, the relation of childhood maltreatment to the menopause transition-a universal transition for women often accompanied by troubling symptoms such as vasomotor symptoms-is relatively underexplored. This study tested whether childhood abuse and neglect are associated with menopausal vasomotor symptoms, utilizing both physiologic and prospective self-report measures of vasomotor symptoms. METHODS: In all, 295 nonsmoking perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40 to 60 years with and without vasomotor symptoms completed psychosocial measures, including the Child Trauma Questionnaire, ambulatory physiologic (sternal skin conductance) and self-report measurement of vasomotor symptoms during wake and sleep, and actigraphy measurement of sleep. Relationships between childhood abuse/neglect and vasomotor symptoms during wake and sleep were tested in linear regression models controlling for demographics, body mass index, and menopause stage. RESULTS: 44% of the sample reported abuse or neglect during childhood. Among women reporting vasomotor symptoms, childhood sexual or physical abuse was associated with more frequent physiologically-recorded vasomotor symptoms during sleep (sexual abuse: b [SE]â=â1.45 [0.52], Pâ=â0.006; physical abuse: b [SE]â=â0.97 [0.47], Pâ=â0.03) in multivariable models. Among these women, women with a physical or sexual abuse history had approximately 1.5 to 2-fold the number of sleep vasomotor symptoms than women without this history. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood abuse is associated with more frequent physiologically-detected vasomotor symptoms during sleep.