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The aim of the present paper is to elucidate the pathogenesis of gastric scirrhous carcinoma with special reference to fibrogenesis in cancer stroma and to the mode of cancer invasions. First, there are two hypotheses concerning the origin of the marked increase of collagen fibers in this type of carcinoma. One is thought to be production by fibroblasts stimulated by cancer cells; the other is synthesis by neoplastic cells. Our studies revealed that gastric cancer cells enhanced collagen production by fibroblasts in vitro, suggesting the contribution to the formation of stromal collagen in human gastric scirrhous cancer. However, one of four gastric scirrhous cancer cell lines, NKPS, was found to slightly from collagen fibers in the brain of the nude mouse. We also calculated the number of fibroblastic cells in gastric scirrhous and normal stroma by microscopical image analysis. The results showed that fibroblastic cells in scirrhous stroma were increased four-fold over those in normal stroma. This finding suggests that the mechanism by which fibrous stroma is produced in scirrhous carcinoma may be affected by the increased fibroblastic cells which were stimulated by many kinds of growth factors produced by cancer cells. It is also well known that the infiltrative growth and dispersion of scirrhous cancer cells within the gastric wall is very fast. To assess the mode of cancerous invasion of this carcinoma, we examined the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity of both types of cells (cancer cells and fibroblasts) with a coculture method. Scirrhous cancer cells enhanced production of uPA by fibroblasts. However, non-scirrhous gastric cancer cells produced much uPA by themselves. This finding suggests that scirrhous cancer cells can invade the gastric wall by use of uPA produced by enhanced fibroblasts, but that non-scirrhous cancer cells synthesize much uPA by themselves and can infiltrate the gastric wall.

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We report a patient with gastric sarcoidosis. After initial pulmonary sarcoidosis, which responded to corticosteroids, the patient developed linitis plastica of the stomach which was treated by partial gastrectomy and steroids.

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A 59-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of weight loss. Fourteen years earlier, she had undergone gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma of the Borrmann III type on the lesser curvature of the body. Biopsy specimens of the lesion revealed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. On the fifth hospital day of the admission under study, she complained of vaginal bleeding, and a diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma was made by a gynecologist. Transverse colectomy and total hysterectomy were done. The lesion was localized only in the transverse colon, was histologically poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma similar to the specimen of gastric carcinoma resected 14 years earlier and involved mainly the serosa. Therefore, secondary linitis plastica of the transverse colon was diagnosed.

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Gastric scirrhous carcinoma can be tentatively defined as the following. Histologically, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, scirrhous type, according to histological classification by Japanese Research Society for Gastric Cancer. Grossly, Borrmann IV type (diffusely infiltrating without ulceration or mass formation). Extensive infiltration of the stomach. Gastric scirrhous cancers were classified as follows. Pyloric stenotic type (6 cases). Cancers were located at the distal pyloric portion, causing stenosis, and considered to originate from the pyloric gland. IIc-erosive type (6 cases). Cancers were located about at the border between pyloric and fundic areas, and considered to arise from the intermediate (or transitional) zone. Rugal type (or Linitis plastica type) (9 cases). Cancers were located at the gastric corpus, causing giant rugae in the fundic region, and considered to originate from the fundic gland. Gastric scirrhous cancers must start at the gastric mucosa as intramucosal cancers, whose histology shows adenocarcinoma mucocellular (signet-ring cell carcinoma). Signet-ring shaped cells in adenocarcinoma mucocellulare disclosed at least three types as follows.

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85 Wistar rats were operated on stomach. Carcinomas in the operated stomach were seen without additional application of a carcinogen 31 and 40 weeks after gastric surgery. Histologically adeno and scirrhous carcinomas were diagnosed. Metastases were observed in rats with gastric cancer. Dysplastic changes and chronic inflammatory reactions of gastric mucosa were seen. The enterogastric reflux is an aetiopathogenic factor in carcinogenesis. Because of reproductivity, high tumor rate, no additional application of a carcinogen and the little operative extent, this experimental model offers to be a model of carcinogenesis in stomach.

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One hundred and sixty nine women with 220 breast cysts were treated by needle aspiration between 1950 and 1980. Mean follow up was seven years. One hundred and twenty two (72%) patients were aged from 40 to 49 years. The majority (61%) of cysts occurred in the left breast. In 147 patients 174 (79%) of 220 cysts were aspirated once and did not recur at that site. One hundred and eleven (66%) patients presented with a single cyst and had no recurrence in either breast after aspiration. Two patients developed carcinoma of the opposite breast at 8 and 12 years after cyst aspiration. Needle aspiration of the breast is regarded as a safe, simple and economic diagnostic and therapeutic modality in women presenting with single breast lumps.

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The article analyzes results of the examination and surgical treatment of 24 patients with carcinoma of the gastric stump developing at different terms after resection of the stomach for gastroduodenal ulcers. Questions of pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis of the disease are discussed. Special attention is called to low percentage of radical operations for gastric stump carcinoma. An important role of dispensary observation with the use of gastroscopy for patients subjected to resection of the stomach for peptic ulcers is emphasized.

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It has been possible to maintain adult human pancreas in organ culture in a chemically defined medium. Under these conditions, all cell types demonstrated at least a limited ability to proliferate. This in vitro model was employed to study the effects of three nitroso compounds, DMNA, MNU, and BHP, on adult human pancreas. The major effects of three nitroso compounds, DMNA, MNU, and BHP, on adult human pancreas. The major effects of these compounds in cytotoxicity, proliferation, and oncogenicity was evaluated morphologically. DMNA and MNU were both carcinogenic but with varying rapidity of induction. MNU produced greater necrosis but gave more rapid induction. BHP produced cytotoxicity sufficient to prevent any rating of its oncogenic potential. Morphologically malignant tissue were tested for growth potential in nude mice. All nude mice developed multiple subcutaneous tumor nodules within eight weeks after inoculation. The tumor nodules ranged morphologically from undifferentiated scirrhous carcinoma to well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma.

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