RESUMEN
The essential oil and ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex was able to inhibit the growth of Penicillium digitatum, a damaging pathogen that causes green mold in citrus fruit. In this study, cinnamaldehyde-ß-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (ß-CDCA) for controlling citrus green mold was synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Characterization of ß-CDCA revealed that the aromatic ring skeleton of cinnamaldehyde (CA) was successfully embedded into the cavity of ß-CD to form the inclusion complex. ß-CDCA inhibited P. digitatum at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 4.0 g/L. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, calcofluor white staining, extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and propidium iodide (PI) staining of hyphae morphology showed that ß-CDCA may damage the cell ultrastructure and membrane permeability of P. digitatum. The study further demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) markedly accumulated in 1/2 MIC ß-CDCA treated hyphae. This implied that ß-CDCA inhibited growth of P. digitatum by the triggering oxidative stress, which may have caused cell death by altering cell membrane permeability. In addition, in vivo results showed that ß-CDCA alone or combined with L-phenylalanine (L-PHe) displayed a comparable level to that of prochloraz. Therefore, ß-CDCA combined with L-PHe can thus be used as an eco-friendly preservative for the control green mold in postharvest citrus fruit.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Citrus , Fungicidas Industriales , Penicillium , Fenilalanina , beta-Ciclodextrinas , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Penicillium/efectos de los fármacos , Citrus/microbiología , beta-Ciclodextrinas/farmacología , Fenilalanina/farmacología , Fenilalanina/análogos & derivados , Fungicidas Industriales/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Frutas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Malondialdehído/metabolismoRESUMEN
Acrolein is a ubiquitous gaseous air pollutant and endogenous toxicant, which poses strong risk for oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Adenosine has been identified as potential therapeutic agent for age-related cardiovascular disease, while the molecular mechanisms underlying its cardioprotection remain elusive. In the present study, we investigated the myocardial protective effects and the mechanism of adenosine on acrolein-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We found that acrolein caused apoptosis of cardiomyocytes resulting from oxidative damage, autophagy defect, and mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and oxidative phosphorylation, decrease of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) copy number and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) production. Adenosine pretreatment protected against acrolein-induced cardiotoxicity by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, activating the phase II detoxifying enzyme system, promoting autophagic flux, and alleviating mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. We further demonstrated that the up-regulation of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) mediated by extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) activation contributes to the cardioprotection of adenosine. These results expand the application of adenosine in cardioprotection to preventing myocardial damages induced by environmental pollutant acrolein exposure, and uncover the adenosine-ERK-FoxO1 axis as the underlying mechanism mediating the protection of mitochondrial homeostasis, Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense and autophagic flux, shedding light on the better understanding about the pathological mechanism of cardiovascular disease caused by environmental pollutants and applications of adenosine in cardioprotection.
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Acroleína , Adenosina , Antioxidantes , Autofagia , Homeostasis , Mitocondrias , Miocitos Cardíacos , Regulación hacia Arriba , Acroleína/toxicidad , Animales , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Ratas , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Cardiotoxicidad , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína Forkhead Box O1/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismoRESUMEN
As a highly toxic aldehyde, acrolein is widely found in diet and environment, and can be produced endogenously, posing a serious threat to human health. Herein, we designed a novel fluorescent nanoplatform integrating carbon dotsmanganese dioxide (CDs-MnO2) and glutathione (GSH) for all-in-one sensing and removal of acrolein. By converting Mn4+ to free Mn2+, GSH inhibited the inner filter effect (IFE) of MnO2 nanosheets, and the Michael addition of acrolein with GSH inhibited the GSH-induced Mn4+ conversion, forming an "off-on-off" fluorescence response of CDs. The developed fluorescent nanoplatform exhibited high sensitivity (LOD was 0.067 µM) and selectivity for the simultaneous detection and removal of acrolein. The combination of CDs-MnO2 hydrogels with smartphones realized the point-of-care detection of acrolein, yielding satisfactory results (recovery rates varied between 97.01-104.65%, and RSD ranged from 1.42 to 4.16%). Moreover, the capability of the nanoplatform was investigated for on-site evaluating acrolein scavengers' efficacy, demonstrating excellent potential for practical application.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Compuestos de Manganeso , Óxidos , Puntos Cuánticos , Acroleína/química , Compuestos de Manganeso/química , Óxidos/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Glutatión/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Límite de Detección , Carbono/químicaRESUMEN
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes play a key role in cell function and are implicated in several diseases such as inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Studies on natural products have revealed their potential and have led to increased research on natural HDAC inhibitors. Since the progression of these diseases is a prolonged process, dietary supplements and nutraceuticals consisting of plant extracts may be beneficial against HDAC related diseases. Beyond nutritional purposes, cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl), as a regularly consumed dietary additive due to its rich flavor, may present co-benefits during lifelong use. In this study, cinnamon extracts of differing polarities, trans-cinnamaldehyde and trans-cinnamic acid were evaluated for HDAC 1 inhibitory activity. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were quantified by spectrophotometry, while cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid analyses were performed using UPLC-DAD, ESI-MS/MS. Ethanol and dichloromethane extracts yielded the highest cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid contents of 389.17 mg per g extract and 11.85 mg per g extract, respectively. The essential oil (IC50: 51.11 µg ml-1) and 70% ethanol extract (IC50: 107.90 µg ml-1) showed the most potent HDAC 1 inhibitory activity. Individually, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid were determined to have IC50 values of 7.58 µg ml-1 and 9.15 µg ml-1, respectively. As the 70% ethanol extract was able to yield remarkably lower cinnamaldehyde and cinnamic acid amounts, the potential of other moderately polar phenolic compounds for HDAC 1 inhibitory activity was revealed. The essential oil and 70% ethanol extracts of Cinnamomum cassia bark can be further evaluated in future studies for use in products against HDAC 1 related diseases.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Cinamatos , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Histona Desacetilasa 1 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas , Extractos Vegetales , Cinamatos/farmacología , Cinamatos/análisis , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Histona Desacetilasa 1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Histona Desacetilasa 1/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Humanos , Cinnamomum aromaticum/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: According to recent research, treating heart failure (HF) by inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) to improve myocardial energy metabolism has been identified as a potential approach. Cinnamaldehyde (CIN), a phenylpropyl aldehyde compound, has been demonstrated to exhibit beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. However, whether CIN inhibits GRK2 to ameliorate myocardial energy metabolism in HF is still unclear. PURPOSE: This study examines the effects of CIN on GRK2 and myocardial energy metabolism to elucidate its underlying mechanism to treat HF. METHODS: The isoproterenol (ISO) induced HF model in vivo and in vitro were constructed using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Based on this, the effects of CIN on myocardial energy metabolism and GRK2 were investigated. Additionally, validation experiments were conducted after interfering and over-expressing GRK2 in ISO-induced NRCMs to verify the regulatory effect of CIN on GRK2. Furthermore, binding capacity between GRK2 and CIN was explored by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) and Microscale Thermophoresis (MST). RESULTS: In vivo and in vitro, CIN significantly improved HF as demonstrated by reversing abnormal changes in myocardial injury markers, inhibiting myocardial hypertrophy and decreasing myocardial fibrosis. Additionally, CIN promoted myocardial fatty acid metabolism to ameliorate myocardial energy metabolism disorder by activating AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Moreover, CIN reversed the inhibition of myocardial fatty acid metabolism and AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway by GRK2 over-expression in ISO-induced NRCMs. Meanwhile, CIN had no better impact on the stimulation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism and the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway in ISO-induced NRCMs when GRK2 was disrupted. Noticeably, CETSA and MST confirmed that CIN binds to GRK2 directly. The binding of CIN and GRK2 promoted the ubiquitination degradation of GRK2 mediated by murine double mimute 2. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CIN exerts a protective intervention in HF by targeting GRK2 and promoting its ubiquitination degradation to activate AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, ultimately improving myocardial fatty acid metabolism.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Acroleína , Quinasa 2 del Receptor Acoplado a Proteína-G , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Miocitos Cardíacos , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Acroleína/farmacología , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Quinasa 2 del Receptor Acoplado a Proteína-G/metabolismo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma/metabolismo , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Isoproterenol , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Miocardio/metabolismoRESUMEN
The use of cinnamaldehyde and Vitamin C can improve immunity and intestinal health. A two-way factorial design was employed to investigate the main and interactive effects of cinnamaldehyde and vitamin C on the growth, carcass, and intestinal health of broiler chickens. A total of 288 one-day-old female Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed among four treatment groups, consisting of six replicate cages with 12 birds each. Four treatments were basal diet or control (CON), supplemental cinnamaldehyde (CA) 300 g/ton (g/t), vitamin C (VC) 300 g/t, and cinnamaldehyde 300 g/t, and vitamin C 300 g/t (CA + VC), respectively. The results showed that supplemental CA did not affect the growth performance or slaughter performance of broilers at 21 days (d), 42 days (d), and 1-42 days (d); however, it could improve intestinal barrier function at 42 d of age and reduce the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the intestine at 21 d and 42 d of age. Supplemental VC showed a trend towards increasing body weight gain (BWG) at 21 d (p = 0.094), increased breast muscle rate (at 21-d 5.33%, p < 0.05 and at 42-d 7.09%, p = 0.097), and decreased the abdominal fat (23.43%, p < 0.05) and drip loss (20.68%, p < 0.05) at 42-d. Moreover, VC improves intestinal morphology and intestinal barrier function and maintains a balanced immune response. The blend of CA and VC significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD-88) in the intestine at 21 d of age, the mRNA expression of catalase (CAT), Occludin, Claudin-1, Mucin-2, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in the intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01), and downregulated the mRNA expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the intestine at 21-d and 42-d of age, and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1ß) mRNA in intestine at 42 d of age (p < 0.01). This study suggested that the combination of CA and VC had the potential to regulate intestinal health and result in better carcass character of broilers.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Ácido Ascórbico , Pollos , Intestinos , Animales , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Suplementos Dietéticos , Alimentación Animal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Reactive carbonyl species (RCS), including acrolein (ACR), methylglyoxal (MGO), and glyoxal (GO), are typically generated in food processing and accumulate in the body for ages, triggering various chronic diseases. Here, we investigated the capture capability and reaction pathways of mangiferin one-to-one and one-to-many on RCS in high temperatures using UPLC-MS/MS. We found that mangiferin can capture ACR/MGO/GO to form their adducts, yet, the ability to capture RCS is arranged in different orders, with ACR > MGO > GO for a single RCS and MGO > ACR > GO for multiple RCS. After synthesizing and identifying the structures of the ACR- and MGO-adducts of MGF, our results indicated that MGF-ACR-MGO produced in the multiple-RCS-MGF system was formed by capturing MGO through MGF-ACR rather than through MGF-MGO capturing ACR, which resulting in higher inhibitory activity of MGF against MGO than against ACR. Then, the capture ability and path of MGF on RCS were verified in the coffee-leaves tea and cake.
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Acroleína , Glioxal , Calor , Piruvaldehído , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Xantonas , Xantonas/química , Piruvaldehído/química , Glioxal/química , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Manipulación de AlimentosRESUMEN
Our study focuses on synthesizing and exploring the potential of three N-(4) substituted thiosemicarbazones derived from cinnamic aldehyde, alongside their Ru(II)-(η6 -p-cymene)/(η6-benzene) complexes. The synthesized compounds were comprehensively characterized using a range of analytical techniques, including FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, NMR (1H, 13C), and HRMS. We investigated their electronic and physicochemical properties via density functional theory (DFT). X-ray crystal structures validated structural differences identified by DFT. Molecular docking predicted promising bioactivities, supported by experimental observations. Notably, docking with EGFR suggested an inhibitory potential against this cancer-related protein. Spectroscopic titrations revealed significant DNA/BSA binding affinities, particularly with DNA intercalation and BSA hydrophobic interactions. RuPCAM displayed the strongest binding affinity with DNA (Kb = 6.23 × 107 M-1) and BSA (Kb = 9.75 × 105 M-1). Assessed the cytotoxicity of the complexes on cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231), revealing remarkable potency. Additionally, selectivity was assessed by examining MCF-10a normal cell lines. The active complexes were found to trigger apoptosis, a vital cellular process crucial for evaluating their potential as anticancer agents utilizing staining assays and flow cytometry analysis. Intriguingly, complexation with Ru(II)-arene precursors significantly amplified the bioactivity of thiosemicarbazones, unveiling promising avenues toward the creation of powerful anticancer agents.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Antineoplásicos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Rutenio , Tiosemicarbazonas , Humanos , Tiosemicarbazonas/química , Tiosemicarbazonas/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Rutenio/química , Rutenio/farmacología , Ligandos , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , ADN/metabolismo , ADN/química , Ensayo de Materiales , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/síntesis química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a DrogaRESUMEN
Ginger, valued for its culinary and medicinal properties, suffers substantial production loss-up to 90 %-due to fungal soft rot. To combat this, we have developed an environmentally sustainable antifungal polysaccharide gel derived from a water-soluble Schiff base of O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN). Terpene incorporation was confirmed via various characterization techniques, including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), pH-dependent release, solubility, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV-vis spectra. Results showed successful grafting of CIN onto the polysaccharide, at a CIN:CMC ratio of 120 mg/g. In vitro evaluation demonstrated significant antifungal activity against F. oxysporum, with a MIC value of 159.25 µg/mL. Application of the CMC=CIN gel to ginger rhizomes inhibited spore germination in all evaluated wounds, enhancing gloss and appearance. These findings validate the efficacy of this novel, environmentally friendly gel in preventing ginger loss caused by fungal infections.
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Acroleína , Quitosano , Geles , Bases de Schiff , Zingiber officinale , Quitosano/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Acroleína/química , Zingiber officinale/química , Bases de Schiff/farmacología , Bases de Schiff/química , Geles/química , Geles/farmacología , Fusarium/efectos de los fármacos , Fusarium/crecimiento & desarrollo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Solubilidad , Conservantes de Alimentos/farmacología , Conservantes de Alimentos/químicaRESUMEN
Although cinnamaldehyde (CA) is an excellent antimicrobial agent, its application in the food industry was limited by its volatility and lack of antimicrobial persistence. Herein, aminated hollow mesoporous silica (NH2-HMSN) was prepared by selective etching and amino-modified. Subsequently, long-acting antibacterials with regulated release (NH2-HMSN@CA) were obtained by using NH2-HMSN as cinnamaldehyde carrier. NH2-HMSN@CA can effectively regulate the release of CA, and has 100 % inhibition effect on the growth of E. coli, S. aureus and C. acutatum. In addition, nanocellulose/NH2-HMSN@CA (CHA) coating film was prepared for postharvest preservation of loquat. The coating film effectively improved the storage quality and shelf life of loquat, and delayed the postharvest decay of loquat. The prepared coating film active packaging for long-term preservation is expected to provide a scheme for promoting sustainable preservation of postharvest loquat.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Antibacterianos , Celulosa , Conservación de Alimentos , Dióxido de Silicio , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Acroleína/química , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/análogos & derivados , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Embalaje de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen commonly found in human mucous membranes. In light of the escalating challenge posed by antibiotic resistance of C. albicans strains worldwide, it is an urgently necessary to explore alternative therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the efficacy of two Cinnamaldehyde derivatives, 2-Cl Cinnamaldehyde (2-Cl CA) and 4-Cl Cinnamaldehyde (4-Cl CA), against C. albicans through both in vitro experiments and in vivo murine models and to evaluate their potential as new drug candidates for treating C. albicans. METHODS AND RESULTS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Cinnamaldehyde 2-Cl and 4-Cl benzene ring derivatives against C. albicans were 25 µg/mL. Time-killing experiments revealed that both Cinnamaldehyde derivatives exhibited fungicidal activity against C. albicans at concentrations of 5 MIC and 10 MIC. In the checkerboard experiment, 4-Cl CA did not show any antagonistic effect when combined with first-line antifungal drugs. Instead, it exhibited additive effects in combination with nystatin. Both 2-Cl and 4-Cl CA demonstrated inhibitory activity against C. albicans biofilm formation, especially at 8 MIC and 16 MIC concentrations. In C. albicans biofilm eradication experiments, although high drug concentrations of 2-Cl and 4-Cl CA were unable to eradicate the biofilm completely, they were still effective in killing C. albicans cells within the biofilm. Moreover, sub-inhibitory concentrations of 4-Cl CA (ranging from 5 to 20 µg/mL) significantly inhibited cell aggregation and hyphal formation. Furthermore, 4-Cl CA effectively inhibited intracellular C. albicans infection in macrophages. Lastly, the effectiveness of 4-Cl CA was evaluated in a mouse model of hematogenous disseminated candidiasis caused by C. albicans, which revealed that 4-Cl CA significantly reduced fungal burden and improved mouse survival compared to the untreated controls. CONCLUSION: The 4-Cl CA exhibited inhibitory effects against C. albicans through both in vivo and in vitro models, demonstrating its therapeutic potential as a promising new drug candidate for treating drug-resistant candidiasis albicans.
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Acroleína , Antifúngicos , Biopelículas , Candida albicans , Candidiasis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica , Fluconazol , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Fúngica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Candidiasis/microbiología , Fluconazol/farmacología , Femenino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Free fatty acids have long been used as dietary supplements in aquaculture, but the application of monoglycerides has increased interest in more recent times. The study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary short- and medium-chain fatty acid monoglyceride and cinnamaldehyde (SMMG) on the growth performance, survival, immune responses, and tolerance to hypoxic stress of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). In Experiment 1, shrimp post-larvae were divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates and fed with diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5% diet for 30 days. The final body weight and survival rate were determined. In Experiment 2, the juvenile shrimp from Experiment 1 were subjected to hypoxic stress conditions (dissolved oxygen level 2-2.5 mg/L) for 14 days, then the specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate, intestinal Vibrio spp. count, immune responses, and histopathological change of the hepatopancreas were analyzed. Following the 30-day feeding trial, the results revealed that the final body weight and survival of the 0.3-0.5% SMMG groups (2.81-3.06 g and 74.00-84.33%, respectively) were significantly higher than the control shrimp (1.96 g and 68.33%, respectively). In the hypoxic stress experiment, the survival rates of shrimp fed 0.4-0.5% SMMG (71.67-80.00%) were significantly higher than the control (51.67%). Although the SGR were not affected by SMMG supplementation, all immune parameters evaluated were significantly enhanced, and the intestinal Vibrio spp. counts were significantly decreased in the 0.4-0.5% SMMG-fed shrimp; the histopathological structure of the hepatopancreas was also improved in these shrimp compared to the control. Our findings indicated that SMMG as a feed additive has beneficial effects in improving shrimp health and increasing tolerance to hypoxic conditions.
Asunto(s)
Acroleína , Penaeidae , Estrés Fisiológico , Animales , Penaeidae/inmunología , Penaeidae/efectos de los fármacos , Penaeidae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Acuicultura/métodos , Hepatopáncreas/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatopáncreas/inmunología , Hepatopáncreas/patología , Alimentación Animal , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Acrolein is an environmental toxicant and is also generated by microbial metabolism in the intestinal tract. Aqueous acrolein rapidly dissipates from standard human cell culture media with nondetectable levels after 8 h, hindering cell-based studies to understand its biological impacts. Thus, we developed an extracellular acrolein biosynthesis system to continuously produce acrolein compatible with human cell culture conditions. The approach uses spermine as a precursor, amine oxidase found in fetal calf serum, and catalase to remove the hydrogen peroxide byproduct. We confirmed amine oxidase activity of calf serum using a colorimetric assay and further tested the requirement for catalase in the system to mitigate hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity. We calibrated responses of human colon cells to this enzymatic acrolein production system by comparing transcriptional responses, DNA adduct formation and cytotoxicity responses to either this system or pure acrolein exposures in a human colon cell line. Several genes related to oxidative stress including HMOX1, and the colorectal cancer-related gene SEMA4A were upregulated similarly between the enzymatic acrolein production system or pure acrolein. The acrolein-DNA adduct γ-OH-Acr-dG increased in a dose-dependent manner with spermine in the enzymatic acrolein production system, producing a maximum of 1065 adducts per 108 nucleosides when 400 µM spermine was used. This biosynthetic production method provides a relevant model for controlled acrolein exposure in cultured human cells and overcomes current limitations due to its physical properties and limited availability.
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Acroleína , Humanos , Acroleína/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Aductos de ADN/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Espermina/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Acroleína , Berberina , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias Pulmonares/prevención & control , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Berberina/farmacología , Berberina/uso terapéutico , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Animales , Carcinogénesis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
A new antibacterial film was constructed to combat the severe spoilage of fruits and vegetables caused by microorganisms. Specifically, photoresponsive cinnamaldehyde-tanniciron acetate nanospheres (CTF NPs) were prepared using ultrasonic-triggered irreversible equilibrium self-assembly and ionic cross-linking co-driven processes and were integrated into the matrix of κ-carrageenan (KC) (CTF-KC films) as functional fillers. The CTF0.4-KC film (KC film doped with 0.4 mg/mL CTF NPs) showed a 99.99% bactericidal rate against both E. coli and S. aureus, extended the storage period of cherry tomatoes from 20 to 32 days. The introduction of CTF enhanced the barrier, thermal stability, and mechanical strength properties, albeit with a slight compromise on transparency. Furthermore, the biosafety of the CTF0.4-KC film was confirmed through hemolysis and cytotoxicity tests. Together, the aforementioned results demonstrated the outstanding antibacterial and fresh-keeping properties of CTF0.4-KC. These desirable properties highlight the potential use of CTF0.4-KC films in food preservation applications.
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Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli , Conservación de Alimentos , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Carragenina/química , Carragenina/farmacología , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Humanos , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/farmacología , Frutas/químicaRESUMEN
Vascular remodeling is a dynamic process involving cellular and molecular changes, including cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis or degradation, which disrupt the homeostasis of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) is thought to promote vascular remodeling, but the components are complex and the mechanisms are unclear. In this review, we overview the progression of major components of cigarette smoke (CS), such as nicotine and acrolein, involved in vascular remodeling in terms of ECs injury, VSMCs proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and ECM disruption. The aim was to elucidate the effects of different components of CS on different cells of the vascular system, to discover the relevance of their actions, and to provide new references for future studies.
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Células Endoteliales , Músculo Liso Vascular , Nicotina , Humo , Remodelación Vascular , Humanos , Animales , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Humo/efectos adversos , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/patología , Nicotina/efectos adversos , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/fisiología , Miocitos del Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Proliferación Celular , Movimiento Celular , Acroleína , Nicotiana , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Productos de Tabaco/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Using existing adrentimicrobials with essential oil components to prevent antimicrobial resistance is an alternative strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance status, synergistic combinations, and in vitro biofilm formation activities of clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Candida albicans against antimicrobial agents and cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol, eugenol, limonene and eucalyptol. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by microdilution, cytotoxicity by XTT, synergy by checkerboard and time-kill, and biofilm inhibition by microplate methods. Cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol showed strong antimicrobial activity. Synergistic effects were observed when using all essential oils with antimicrobials. Only two C. albicans isolates showed antagonism with cinnamaldehyde and fluconazole. The constituents showed cytotoxic effects in the L929 cell line (except limonene). A time-kill analysis revealed a bacteriostatic effect on S. maltophilia and MRSA isolates and a fungicidal effect on C. albicans isolates. These results are important for further research to improve antimicrobial efficacy or to develop new agents.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Biopelículas , Candida albicans , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites Volátiles , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/fisiología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candida albicans/fisiología , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/efectos de los fármacos , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/fisiología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Limoneno/farmacología , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Cimenos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Terpenos/farmacología , Eucaliptol/farmacología , Eugenol/farmacología , Ciclohexenos/farmacología , RatonesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Compounds of natural origin are potent source of drugs with unique mechanisms of action. Among phytochemicals, trans-cinnamaldehyde (t-CA) exhibits a wide range of biological activity, thus has been used for centuries to fight bacterial and fungal infections. However, the molecular basis of these properties has not been fully covered. Considering that difficult-to-control infections are becoming a rising global problem, there is a need to elucidate the molecular potential of t-CA. PURPOSE: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of t-CA against Shiga-toxigenic E. coli strains and elucidate its mechanism of action based on the inhibition of the virulence factor expression. METHODS: The antimicrobial potential of t-CA was assessed with two-fold microdilution and time-kill assays. Further evaluation included bioluminescence suppression assays, quantification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and assessment of NAD+/NADH ratios. Morphological changes post t-CA exposure were examined using transmission electron microscopy. RNA sequencing and radiolabeling of nucleotides elucidated the metabolic alterations induced by t-CA. Toxin expression level was monitored through the application of fusion proteins, monitoring of bacteriophage development, and fluorescence microscopy studies. Lastly, the therapeutic efficacy in vivo was assessed using Galleria mellonella infection model. RESULTS: A comprehensive study of t-CA's bioactivity showed unique properties affecting bacterial metabolism and morphology, resulting in significant bacterial cell deformation and effective virulence inhibition. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms indicated that t-CA activates the global regulatory system, the stringent response, manifested by its alarmone, (p)ppGpp, overproduction mediated by the RelA enzyme, thereby inhibiting bacterial proliferation. Intriguingly, t-CA effectively downregulates Shiga toxin gene expression via alarmone molecules, indicating its potential for therapeutic effect. In vivo validation demonstrated a significant improvement in larval survival rates post- t-CA treatment with 50 mg/kg (p < 0.05), akin to the efficacy observed with azithromycin, thus indicating its effectiveness against EHEC infections (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results reveal the robust antibacterial capabilities of t-CA, warranting its further exploration as a viable anti-infective agent.
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Acroleína , Antibacterianos , Escherichia coli Enterohemorrágica , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Escherichia coli Enterohemorrágica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Factores de VirulenciaRESUMEN
Chronic wounds, such as diabetic ulcers and pressure sores, pose significant challenges in modern healthcare due to their prolonged healing times and susceptibility to infections. This study aims to engineer a bilayered wound dressing (BLWD) composed of soy protein isolate/collagen with the ability to release Cinnamaldehyde, Artemisia absinthium (AA), and oxygen. Cinnamaldehyde, magnesium peroxide (MgO2), and AA extract were encapsulated. Nanoparticles were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering, and ZETA potential tests. Swelling, degradation, water vapor penetration, tensile, MTT, SEM, oxygen release, AA extract release, and antibacterial properties were performed. An in vivo study was carried out to assess the final wound dressing under Hematoxiline&Eosin and Masson trichrome staining analysis and compared to a commercial product. According to the results, the synthesized nanoparticles had an average diameter of about 20 nm with a zeta potential in the range of -20 to -30 mV. The layers had uniform and dense surfaces. The maximum swelling and degradation of the dressing was about 130 and 13% respectively. Generally, better mechanical properties were observed in BLWD than in the single-layer case. More than 90% biocompatibility for the wound dressing was reported. The BLWD could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Histopathological analysis showed an acceptable wound-healing property. To sum up, the engineered wound dressing can be a good candidate for more clinical trials.
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Acroleína , Alginatos , Artemisia absinthium , Vendajes , Materiales Biocompatibles , Colágeno , Proteínas de Soja , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Ratas , Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/farmacología , Alginatos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Artemisia absinthium/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Colágeno/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayo de Materiales , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Oxígeno/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Proteínas de Soja/química , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Puerarin (Pue) is a Chinese herbal remedy used to prevent and treat AS. Here, this research investigated the effect of Pue on AS progression. METHODS: ApoE-/- mice were induced with acrolein. Body weight, blood lipid index, inflammatory factors, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and lipid deposition were detected. IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Oil red staining and H&E staining were used to observe the aortic sinus plaque lesions. Serum expressions of inflammatory factors IL-6, TNF-a, SOD, GSH and MDA were detected by ELISA, the mRNA expression levels of HDAC1 in the aorta were detected by RT-qPCR, and IL-6 and TNF-α in the aorta were detected by immunohistochemistry. JNK, p-JNK, OPA-1, and HDAC1 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS: Pue administration can effectively reduce lipid accumulation in AS mice induced by acrolein. Pue promoted the activity of SOD, GSH and MDA, and inhibited the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the process of aortic histological changes. Pue reduced IL-6 and TNF-α. HDAC1 expression was down-regulated and p-JNK-1 and JNK protein expression was up-regulated. CONCLUSION: Pue reduces inflammation and alleviates AS induced by acrolein by mediating the JNK pathway to inhibit HDAC1-mediated oxidative stress disorder.