RESUMEN
Objetivo: descrever características das notificações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes segundo a raça/cor da pele e sua distribuição no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2014-2018. Métodos: estudo descritivo de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan); foram analisadas distribuições de frequência, prevalências e diferenças estatísticas pelo teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: das 8.716 notificações, a maioria ocorreu na capital (48,2%) e de vítimas do sexo feminino (82,2%) com idade entre 10 e 14 anos (38,1%); houve maior prevalência (370/100 mil) e frequência relativa de estupro (84,5%), exploração sexual (5,8%) e negligência/abandono (4,6%) entre vítimas de raça/cor da pele negra (p-valor < 0,05); 4,6% das notificações foram realizadas nos serviços de Atenção Básica à Saúde (ABS). Conclusão: houve maior frequência de notificações entre pré-adolescentes do sexo feminino e maior prevalência entre negros, alvos prioritários das medidas de proteção; torna-se necessário reforçar a vigilância dessa violência na ABS.
Objetivo: describir las características de las notificaciones de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes según raza/color de piel y su distribución en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 2014-2018. Métodos: estudio descriptivo de datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades y Notificaciones (Sinan). Distribuciones de frecuencia, prevalencias y diferencias estadísticas fueron analizadas mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: de 8.716 notificaciones, la mayoría ocurrió en la capital (48,2%) y fueron de víctimas del sexo femenino (82,2%) con edades entre 10 y 14 años (38,1%). Hubo mayor prevalencia (370/100.000) y frecuencia relativa de violación (84,5%), explotación sexual (5,8%) y negligencia/abandono (4,6%) entre víctimas de raza/color de piel negro (p-valor < 0,05). Un 4,6% de las notificaciones ocurrió en servicios de atención primaria. Conclusión: hubo mayor frecuencia de notificaciones entre preadolescentes femeninas y mayor prevalencia entre víctimas negras, que deben presentar medidas de protección prioritarias. Es necesario reforzar la vigilancia de violencias en atención primaria.
Objective: to describe characteristics of notifications of sexual violence against children and adolescents according to race/skin color and their distribution in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between 2014 and 2018. Methods: this was a descriptive study of data retrieved from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System (SINAN). Frequency distributions, prevalence and statistical differences were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Results: of the 8,716 notifications, most occurred in the state capital (48.2%) and related to female victims (82.2%) aged between 10 and 14 years (38.1%). There was a higher prevalence (370/100,000) and relative frequency of rape (84.5%), sexual exploitation (5.8%) and neglect/abandonment (4.6%) among victims of Black race/skin color (p-value < 0.05). Only 4.6% of notifications occurred in primary health care services. Conclusion: notifications were more frequent among female pre-adolescents and prevalence was higher among Black people, who should be a priority target for protective measures. Surveillance of this form of violence needs to be strengthened in primary care.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Sexual Infantil/estadística & datos numéricos , Notificación Obligatoria , Sistemas de Información en Salud , Violación/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de CrimenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Discrimination and emotional and sexual harassment create a hostile work environment (HWE). The global prevalence of HWE in cardiology is unknown, as is its impact. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate emotional harassment, discrimination, and sexual harassment experienced by cardiologists and its impact on professional satisfaction and patient interactions worldwide. METHODS: The American College of Cardiology surveyed cardiologists from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, the European Union, the Middle East, Oceana, and North, Central, and South America. Demographics, practice information, and HWE were tabulated and compared, and their impact was assessed. The p values were calculated using the chi-square, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the association of characteristics with HWE and its subtypes. RESULTS: Of 5,931 cardiologists (77% men; 23% women), 44% reported HWE. Higher rates were found among women (68% vs. 37%; odds ratio [OR]: 3.58 vs. men), Blacks (53% vs. 43%; OR: 1.46 vs. Whites), and North Americans (54% vs. 38%; OR: 1.90 vs. South Americans). Components of HWE included emotional harassment (29%; n = 1,743), discrimination (30%; n = 1,750), and sexual harassment (4%; n = 221), and they were more prevalent among women: emotional harassment (43% vs. 26%), discrimination (56% vs. 22%), and sexual harassment (12% vs. 1%). Gender was the most frequent cause of discrimination (44%), followed by age (37%), race (24%), religion (15%), and sexual orientation (5%). HWE adversely affected professional activities with colleagues (75%) and patients (53%). Multivariate analysis showed that women (OR: 3.39; 95% confidence interval: 2.97 to 3.86; p < 0.001) and cardiologists early in their career (OR: 1.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.14 to 1.43; p < 0.001) had the highest odds of experiencing HWE. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high global prevalence of HWE in cardiology, including discrimination, emotional harassment, and sexual harassment. HWE has an adverse effect on professional and patient interactions, thus confirming concerns about well-being and optimizing patient care. Institutions and practices should prioritize combating HWE.
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Cardiología , Hostilidad , Médicos Mujeres/psicología , Acoso Sexual/psicología , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Asia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Medio Oriente/epidemiología , Prevalencia , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although a significant amount of literature has explored peer sexual harassment in higher education, little is known about peer sexual harassment in primary and middle school. Among existing studies, most have examined individual student characteristics that predict peer sexual harassment without considering the importance of the classroom and school context, which may prevent or promote such harassment. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify individual and school-related factors predicting sexual harassment victimization. METHODS: A sample of 17,364 Chilean students from Grades 5 through 8 in 405 schools with low socioeconomic status answered instruments concerning peer sexual harassment, other types of peer victimization and discrimination, and perceptions of classroom and school climate and norms against sexual harassment. Data were analyzed through hierarchical multivariate regression. RESULTS: Experiences of being sexual harassed by other students were reported by 13.5 % of students, with higher frequencies in male students, students from Grades 5 and 6, and students with lower individual socioeconomic status. School-related experiences of being discriminated against due to sexual orientation, ethnic origin, and disability were the strongest predictors of sexual harassment victimization. CONCLUSION: We discuss how peer sexual harassment might be understood as a consequence of peer social discrimination based on sexism, racism, and ableism. We also discuss the need to provide inclusive school climate policies that allow all students to feel safe and included.
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Grupo Paritario , Instituciones Académicas , Acoso Sexual/psicología , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Chile/epidemiología , Niños con Discapacidad , Etnicidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Conducta Sexual , Clase SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to analyze prevalence of violence against high school teachers and associated factors in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study using convenience sampling. Data was collected in 2016 in public and private high schools, using a self-administered questionnaire. Prevalence ratios (PR) using Poisson regression and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS: 279 teachers participated, of whom 54.8% (95%CI 48.8;60.7) reported having suffered at least one type of violence. Verbal insults were most prevalent (39.4%; 95%CI 33.7;45.4), positively associated with public schools (PR=1.45; 95%CI 1.00;2.11) and with schools in the city's Eastern region (PR=1.85; 95%CI 1.17;2.93) and Southern region (PR=1.59; 95%CI 1.05;2.41). Sexual harassment was associated with males (PR=2.38; 95%CI 2.02;2.71). CONCLUSION: violence against teachers was higher in public schools in poorer outskirt regions and regions with high indicators of urban violence.
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Maestros/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Instituciones Académicas , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Antecedentes: las cirujanas en la Argentina experimentan barreras en el ámbito laboral y personal tratando de lograr sus objetivos profesionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue explorar las barreras que enfrentan las cirujanas en su carrera laboral en las tres principales ciudades de la República Argentina. Material y métodos: estudio exploratorio transversal. Se utilizaron encuestas anónimas a cirujanas durante un perÃodo de 6 meses. Resultados: un 59% de las cirujanas son solteras y no viven en pareja. Aquellas con hijos son las principales encargadas de la crianza. Los esposos o convivientes aparecen en tercer lugar, con un muy bajo porcentaje de responsabilidad en la tarea. En la mayorÃa de los espacios laborales no existe un sistema que facilite el cuidado de hijos en su trabajo. El 65% afirma haber dejado de presentar trabajos cientÃficos luego de la maternidad. Solo un 26% de los pacientes ha rechazado sus servicios en favor de ser intervenido por un cirujano hombre. Por el contrario, un 42% de los jefes ha rechazado ser acompañado en cirugÃas por cirujanas. Casi un 85% de las cirujanas ha recibido comentarios alusivos a su sexualidad durante su trabajo. Conclusión: las estructuras organizacionales quirúrgicas operan como un marco normativo estructurador de prácticas y discursos que han construido, en el nivel simbólico, subjetivo e institucional, las desigualdades entre mujeres y varones en el ámbito de la actuación médica. La feminización del sector en los últimos tiempos y la salida de la mujer al ámbito laboral no implican necesariamente la equidad de género.
Background: Women surgeons in Argentina face barriers in the workplace and in their personal life when trying to achieve their professional goals. The aim of this investigation was to explore the career barriers women surgeons face in the three main cities of Argentina. Material and methods: We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional study. Anonymous surveys were administrated to women surgeons during a six-month period. Results: Among survey respondents, 59% were single and did not live with a partner. Those with children are the primary carers. Spouses or partners appear in third place, with a very low percentage of responsibility as carers. Most workplaces where female surgeons work do not have childcare facilities. Sixty-five percent of the survey respondents had not presented scientific papers after having children. Only 26 percent of patients had rejected their services in favor of a male surgeon and 42% of head surgeons had refused to be assisted by female surgeons. Almost 85% of women surgeons have received comments about their sexuality during their work. Conclusions: The organizational structures of surgery departments work as a structured regulatory framework of practices and speeches that have constructed the inequalities between women and men in the field of medical action at the symbolic, subjective and institutional level. The recent feminization of the surgical field and the entrance of women in the workplace do not necessarily imply gender equality.
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Mujeres Trabajadoras/psicología , Rol de Género , Servicio de Cirugía en Hospital/tendencias , Mujeres Trabajadoras/estadística & datos numéricos , Lactancia Materna , Embarazo , Estudios Transversales , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso no Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Internado y Residencia/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In 2010, an important earthquake devastated Haiti and caused thousands of deaths. In a social context where women are particularly vulnerable, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between sexual assaults experienced by women before the earthquake, the earthquake exposure, the traumatic consequences, and their satisfaction of social support received. METHODS: A total of 660 women aged 18 to 86 completed questionnaires assessing exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault victimization, peritraumatic distress, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and social support. A moderated moderation model was computed to examine associations between exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault, social support, and traumatic consequences. RESULTS: Results showed that 31.06% of women were victims of sexual assault before the earthquake. They presented higher prevalence of peritraumatic distress, PTSD, and depression symptoms, compared to non-victims. The moderated-moderation model showed that sexual assault and exposure to the earthquake were positively associated with traumatic consequences (respectively, B = 0.560, p < 0.001; B = 0.196, p < 0.001), while social support was negatively associated with them (B = -0.095, p < 0.05). Results showed a triple interaction: women victim of sexual assault who were satisfied with received social support are less likely to develop traumatic consequences after being exposed to the earthquake(B = -0.141, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: By demonstrating the role of sexual assault in the development of mental health problems after the Haitian earthquake, this study shows the importance for clinicians to investigate interpersonal trauma experienced before or following natural disasters among survivors. Results also indicate the key role of family and communities to help survivors build resilience and coping strategies with their social support.
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Depresión/epidemiología , Terremotos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Sobrevivientes/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Desastres , Femenino , Haití/epidemiología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Apoyo Social , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Uno de los objetivos de la encuesta "Workplace Violence in the Health Sector" es investigar los factores que pueden contribuir a la violencia en el lugar de trabajo en el sector de salud en varios países del mundo para la toma de políticas públicas apropiadas. A pesar de que el inglés sea un idioma universal, en la práctica genera limitaciones para aplicarlo sobre todo en los países de América Latina. Esta investigación tiene como propósito validar el contenido, y constructo para que la encuesta se pueda aplicar en los países cuya lengua oficial es el español. Se emplearon las técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas para validar el instrumento, con la revisión de expertos se validó la semántica e idioma. A través del el Alpha de Cronbach de 0,96 se puede aseverar la confiabilidad de este para medir la violencia de trabajo en el sector de la salud de los países de habla hispana.
The purpose of the survey "Violence in the workplace in the health sector" is to obtain information on the factors that could contribute to the workplace violence in the health sector within different countries of the world. Collecting data on the problem is therefore important of the appropriate public policy making. Despite of English is considered widely the universal language, in practice it generates limitations to apply especially in Latin American countries. This research aims to validate the content, and construction for the survey to the application in countries where Spanish is an official language. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to validate the questionnaire; experts review validated the semantics and language construction. The global inventory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) indicated good reliability to measure the workplace violence in the health sector for Spanish-speaking countries.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traducción , Comparación Transcultural , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Personal de Salud , Violencia Laboral , Política Pública , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Ecuador , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Racismo/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso Físico/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Mexico, there is a little information about child and youth poly-victimization. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence of victimization and poly-victimization in a community sample of Mexican adolescents aged 12-17 years. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS: The Mexican version of the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire was applied to 1068 adolescents (504 females and 564 males) at six public schools. METHODS: Descriptive analyses were conducted to establish the prevalence of six types of victimizations and poly-victimization. Odds ratios were used to estimate differences between the genders and age groups. RESULTS: Nearly 80% of the adolescents reported at least one experience of victimization during the past year, while 85.5% reported at least one experience of victimization in their lifetime. Conventional crimes (65.6%) and indirect victimization (61%) were the most frequent types of victimization reported. Of the sample, 35.9% were classified as poly-victims in the past year. Girls experienced a broader spectrum of victimization than boys. Specifically, girls experience more caregiver victimization (ORâ¯=â¯1.56, 95% CI=1.21-2.02), sexual victimization (ORâ¯=â¯2.46, 95% CI=1.73-3.50), and electronic victimization (ORâ¯=â¯1.81, 95% CI=1.33-2.47), in their lifetime. Older adolescents experienced more witnessing victimization (ORâ¯=â¯1.48, 95% CI=1.16-1.88) and caregiver victimization (ORâ¯=â¯1.52, 95% CI=1.15-2.00) during the past year. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to be carried out in Mexico with an instrument that enables cross-cultural comparisons. Our findings highlight the necessity to increase research in this field to improve both intervention programs and public policies to prevent child victimization.
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Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Cuidadores , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Internet , Masculino , México , Oportunidad Relativa , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Bars and nightclubs are main locations for sexual assault outcomes such as rape, attempted rape, stalking, and other forms of sexual harassment. Alcohol use is strongly associated with violence in nightlife settings. The present study aimed to identify individual and environmental factors, such as different types of nightclubs, music styles, and physical environment associated with nightclub patron's report of being victims of sexual aggression inside nightclubs in São Paulo, Brazil. Two levels of data were collected: observational data inside nightclubs and individual-level survey data of 2422 patrons at the entrance and 1822 patrons (1111 men; 711 women) at the exit of 31 nightclubs. Among patrons, 11.5% (95% CI 7.9-16.2%) reported being a victim of sexual aggression inside the venues in the night of the survey. Groping and forced kissing were the most prevalent forms of sexual aggression (9.8%; [7.2-13.1%]), which was more strongly associated with environmental factors such as crowding (OR = 2.9 [1.6-5.2%]), entrance consumption fee (OR = 4.2 [2.5-7.0%]), and music style than with individual-level factors. In funk (OR = 3.3 [1.6-6.9%]), electronic (OR = 3.2 [1.8-5.8%]), and pop dance (OR = 7.9 [2.2-29.1%]) nightclubs, patrons had higher chances of being a victim of sexual aggression compared to those ones at the eclectic nightclubs. Presence of reserved areas for sex increased the chances of reporting sexual aggression (OR = 1.8 [1.2-2.8%]). No significant gender differences for sexual aggression were detected. Results suggest a requirement of security improvement where environmental characteristics are potential predictors of victimization.
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Agresión , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
As women enter the dental profession in increasing numbers in North America and around the world, the questions of how they perceive their environment and what kind of barriers they face are important subjects to be addressed. The aim of this study was to assess and compare women dental students' perceptions of bias in their environment and experiences of sexual misconduct at one dental school in each of four countries. In spring 2017, 1,293 female students at four dental schools in the U.S., Bulgaria, Brazil, and India were invited to participate in a 24-item survey developed by researchers from the four countries; 990 students responded (response rate 76.6%). The overall majority of the respondents reported thinking the admissions process at their school was fair (79.7%); but a fifth of U.S. and Brazilian students perceived their school was not fully embracing of females, with most Bulgarian students agreeing (87.2%) and all Indian students disagreeing. Most respondents overall perceived that male faculty members did not favor male students (79.5%) and did not think there was discrimination against female students by faculty (87.1%), but half of the U.S. respondents reported feeling discriminated against by both male faculty and male students. When the responses "I've been verbally harassed" and "I've been somewhat verbally harassed" were combined, 10.1% of the U.S. respondents reported verbal harassment, compared to 20% of Brazilian, 15% of Bulgarian, and 2% of Indian respondents. When the responses "I've been sexually assaulted" and "I've been somewhat sexually assaulted" were combined, 6% of U.S. respondents reported being sexually assaulted, compared to 6.2% of Brazilian, 2.5% of Bulgarian, and none of the Indian respondents. Almost half (46.9%) of these students overall perceived their school was not or only somewhat vigilant about issues of sexual misconduct, and only 54% said they would feel comfortable or very comfortable reporting misconduct. These results suggest that academic dental institutions in all four countries need improvements to make their environments more equitable and free of bias and sexual misconduct.
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Facultades de Odontología/estadística & datos numéricos , Sexismo/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes de Odontología/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Bulgaria , Odontólogas/psicología , Odontólogas/estadística & datos numéricos , Docentes de Odontología/ética , Docentes de Odontología/psicología , Docentes de Odontología/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , India , Masculino , Facultades de Odontología/ética , Sexismo/psicología , Acoso Sexual/psicología , Estudiantes de Odontología/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Children, teenagers and young men are increasingly experiencing their well-being related to the internet and the new digital technologies. The objective of this study is to describe the presence of Cyberbullying, Sexting and Grooming in students in Chile according to gender and type of school management or administrative dependency. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Exploratory and descriptive study. The sample design was non-probabilistic by quotas in 60 transactional establish ments. The sample was weighted considering the age range and gender according to national data. The Digital Literacy Questionnaire "Divergente-SerDigital" (2010) was applied to a sample of 12,926 students, aged 5 to 18 years. 4,790 men and 8,136 women. Average age 13.17 years. Frequencies were analyzed and the Chi-squared contrast statistic was used to determine statistically significant differences. RESULTS: The item Total Grooming (cheating) is presented as the main risk, 12.6% in municipal dependent schools (MDS), 8.2% in subsidized private schools (SPS), and 8.4% in private schools (PS). When considering gender, Grooming is observed mainly in Men, 20.4% in MDS, 19.9% in SPS and, 16.9% in PS. It is noteworthy that Women perform less Cyberbullying (active) according to school administration with 4.2% in MDS, 2.4% in SPS and, 2.6% in PS, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to Men. It also highlights the indicator Sexting (send) in Men, higher in PS with 10.6%. CONCLUSION: Grooming, Cyberbullying and Sexting risks are presented in the three types of administration with specific characteristics. These data can be a guide to work in promotion and prevention as well as in the schematization of cases according to type of school administration.
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Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Internet , Instituciones Académicas/organización & administración , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Envío de Mensajes de Texto/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Chile , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: Niños y adolescentes experimentan su bienestar cada día más relacionado con internet y las nuevas tecnologías digitales. El objetivo del manuscrito es describir la presencia de Ciberbullying (acoso o agresión entre menores o pares en internet), Sexting (difundir intimidad sexual) y Groo ming (engaño online a menores de edad por parte de adultos) en los estudiantes en Chile según sexo y tipo de administración escolar. SUJETOS Y MÉTODO: Estudio de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo. El diseño muestral fue no probabilístico por cuotas en 60 establecimientos de carácter transaccional. La muestra se ponderó considerando rango de edad y sexo según datos nacionales. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Alfabetización Digital "Divergente-SerDigital" (2010) a una muestra de 12.926 estudiantes, rango de edad: 5 a 18 años. 4.790 hombres y 8.136 mujeres. Edad promedio 13,17 años. Se analizaron frecuencias y se utilizó el estadístico de contraste Chi cuadrado para determinar diferencias estadísticamente significativas. RESULTADOS: El ítem Grooming total (engaño) se presenta como el principal riesgo, 12,6% en Colegios Municipales (CM), 8,2% en Colegios Particulares Subvencionados (CPS) y 8,4% Colegios Particulares Privados (CPP). Al considerar el sexo se observa Grooming principal mente en Hombres, 20,4% en CM, 19,9% CPS y 16,9% CPP. Destaca que las Mujeres realizan menos Ciberbullying (activo) según administración escolar con 4,2% en CM, 2,4% CPS y 2,6% CPP, con diferencias estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en relación a los Hombres. Además destaca el indicador Sexting (enviar) en Hombres, más alto en los CPP con 10,6%. CONCLUSIÓN: Los riesgos Grooming, Ciberbullying y Sexting se presentan en los tres tipos de administración con características específicas. Estos datos pueden ser guía del trabajo en promoción y prevención como en la tematización de casos según tipo de administración escolar.
INTRODUCTION: Children, teenagers and young men are increasingly experiencing their well-being related to the internet and the new digital technologies. The objective of this study is to describe the presence of Cyberbullying, Sexting and Grooming in students in Chile according to gender and type of school management or administrative dependency. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Exploratory and descriptive study. The sample design was non-probabilistic by quotas in 60 transactional establish ments. The sample was weighted considering the age range and gender according to national data. The Digital Literacy Questionnaire "Divergente-SerDigital" (2010) was applied to a sample of 12,926 students, aged 5 to 18 years. 4,790 men and 8,136 women. Average age 13.17 years. Frequencies were analyzed and the Chi-squared contrast statistic was used to determine statistically significant differences. RESULTS: The item Total Grooming (cheating) is presented as the main risk, 12.6% in municipal dependent schools (MDS), 8.2% in subsidized private schools (SPS), and 8.4% in private schools (PS). When considering gender, Grooming is observed mainly in Men, 20.4% in MDS, 19.9% in SPS and, 16.9% in PS. It is noteworthy that Women perform less Cyberbullying (active) according to school administration with 4.2% in MDS, 2.4% in SPS and, 2.6% in PS, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to Men. It also highlights the indicator Sexting (send) in Men, higher in PS with 10.6%. CONCLUSION: Grooming, Cyberbullying and Sexting risks are presented in the three types of administration with specific characteristics. These data can be a guide to work in promotion and prevention as well as in the schematization of cases according to type of school administration.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Instituciones Académicas/organización & administración , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Internet , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Envío de Mensajes de Texto/estadística & datos numéricos , Chile , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
This article aims to estimate the prevalence and violence-associated factors in the work environment of female correctional officers in Brazil. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 15 female correctional facilities in Brazil's five regions. Pearson's chi-square test was performed. The Odds Ratio and Confidence Intervals were estimated for factors that showed a significant association or were confounding factors. The prevalence of having experienced at least one violent occurrence during professional duty as an officer was 28.4%. An interesting factor is fact that agents themselves are identified as the main suspects of robbery (74.6%), moral violence (68.1%) and sexual harassment (66.8%) against their co-workers. Working in more than one correctional facility increased the chance of suffering from violence (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.51 - 6.9). The main associated factors are: working in temporary detention centers, age of admission to the prison system and low social support among co-workers. Violence in the Brazilian prison environment is of great magnitude and considered a complex phenomenon with multiple causes. To combat this, it is necessary to adopt intersectoral actions, capable of intervening both in the prison environment and in society.
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Prisiones/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à violência no trabalho em agentes de segurança penitenciária do sexo feminino no Brasil. Estudo seccional, analítico, de abrangência nacional, realizado em 15 unidades prisionais femininas nas cinco regiões do Brasil. Foi realizado o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson. O Odds Ratio e os Intervalos de Confiança foram estimados para os fatores que apresentaram associação significativa ou mostraram-se como fatores de confundimento. A prevalência de pelo menos um episódio de violência foi de 28,4%. Chama a atenção o fato das próprias agentes serem apontadas como as principais suspeitas de praticarem roubos (74,6%), violência moral (68,1%) e assédio sexual (66,8%) contra as colegas de trabalho. Trabalhar em mais de uma unidade prisional aumentou a chance de sofrer violência (OR = 3,23; IC = 1,51 - 6,9). Os principais fatores associados são: trabalhar em casas de privação provisória, idade de ingresso no sistema prisional e baixo suporte social entre colegas de trabalho. A violência no ambiente prisional brasileiro é um fenômeno complexo e multicausal. Para o seu enfrentamento é necessária à adoção de ações intersetoriais, capazes de intervir tanto no ambiente prisional como na sociedade.
Abstract This article aims to estimate the prevalence and violence-associated factors in the work environment of female correctional officers in Brazil. A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted in 15 female correctional facilities in Brazil's five regions. Pearson's chi-square test was performed. The Odds Ratio and Confidence Intervals were estimated for factors that showed a significant association or were confounding factors. The prevalence of having experienced at least one violent occurrence during professional duty as an officer was 28.4%. An interesting factor is fact that agents themselves are identified as the main suspects of robbery (74.6%), moral violence (68.1%) and sexual harassment (66.8%) against their co-workers. Working in more than one correctional facility increased the chance of suffering from violence (OR = 3.23; CI = 1.51 - 6.9). The main associated factors are: working in temporary detention centers, age of admission to the prison system and low social support among co-workers. Violence in the Brazilian prison environment is of great magnitude and considered a complex phenomenon with multiple causes. To combat this, it is necessary to adopt intersectoral actions, capable of intervening both in the prison environment and in society.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Prisiones/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Laboral/estadística & datos numéricos , Apoyo Social , Brasil/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Edad , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The purpose of this review is to describe and analyze the status of gender violence in medical schools around the world, and its consequences in undergraduate students' health and academic development, mainly on female students. The different modalities reported in the literature are presented: gender discrimination, sexism, and sexual harassment, among others. The increase of women in medical schools has not transcendentally improved their condition in these institutions, where androcentrism and gender regimes that favor gender violence reproduce. This type of violence is a public health, human rights, and academic problem.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Interpersonales , Facultades de Medicina , Sexismo/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes de Medicina , Rendimiento Académico/psicología , Bibliometría , Docentes Médicos , Femenino , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , México , Factores Sexuales , Sexismo/psicología , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Violencia/psicología , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The public health problem of unwanted sexual experiences (USE) in male youths has received little attention. In this study, we examined prevalence of USE, risk factors, contexts, and barriers to disclosure with data from a quantitative survey of students enrolled in General Education courses at a public university in Chile. This study focused on the male sample (N = 466). Approximately 20.4 % of participants reported some form of USE since age 14. Forced sex through physical coercion, forced sex through verbal coercion or while intoxicated, attempted forced sex, and less severe forms of USE were reported by 0.2, 10.1, 1.4, and 8.7 % of participants, respectively. USE before age 14 was reported by 9.4 % of participants and was a significant predictor of USE since age 14 (AOR 6.38, 95 % CI 3.22-12.65, p < .01). The perpetrator of USE since age 14 was most commonly identified as a date/partner or friend/acquaintance; other findings on contexts and barriers to disclosure were also generally consistent with previous results in the literature. In addition, we found substantial co-occurrence of USE since age 14 with two other forms of coercion: physical dating violence victimization and coerced condom non-use. The study findings indicate a need for further attention to these public health problems and have implications for the development of violence and HIV/STI prevention programs for adolescent boys and young adult men in Chile and elsewhere.
Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Delitos Sexuales/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Chile/epidemiología , Coerción , Recolección de Datos , Humanos , Masculino , Hombres , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , UniversidadesRESUMEN
La violencia laboral es un fenómeno creciente en el sectorsalud que se manifiesta en diversas formas: acoso, agresiónfísica, sexual y psicológica. En centros de atención primariaeste problema ha sido menos estudiado que en hospitales.El objetivo fue determinar la presencia de situaciones deviolencia laboral a la que están expuestos trabajadores deatención primaria de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se diseñó unestudio exploratorio de corte transversal. La muestra fue de183 trabajadores, escogidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicó uncuestionario autoadministrado. Los encuestados reconocieronsituaciones de violencia en un 64,1%. Los gritos (65,1%) ylos insultos (55,1%) fueron las principales manifestaciones.Los agresores externos identificados más frecuentementeson los familiares y/o acompañantes de pacientes (80,1%) ycomo agresores internos los trabajadores con mayor jerarquía(46,4%). Se concluye que los trabajadores de atenciónprimaria reconocen frecuentemente la presencia de violencialaboral, siendo las más percibidas las de tipo psicológico(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Acoso Sexual/etnología , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Riesgos Laborales , Atención Primaria de Salud , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Primaria de Salud/tendenciasRESUMEN
La violencia laboral es un fenómeno creciente en el sectorsalud que se manifiesta en diversas formas: acoso, agresiónfísica, sexual y psicológica. En centros de atención primariaeste problema ha sido menos estudiado que en hospitales.El objetivo fue determinar la presencia de situaciones deviolencia laboral a la que están expuestos trabajadores deatención primaria de la ciudad de Córdoba. Se diseñó unestudio exploratorio de corte transversal. La muestra fue de183 trabajadores, escogidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicó uncuestionario autoadministrado. Los encuestados reconocieronsituaciones de violencia en un 64,1%. Los gritos (65,1%) ylos insultos (55,1%) fueron las principales manifestaciones.Los agresores externos identificados más frecuentementeson los familiares y/o acompañantes de pacientes (80,1%) ycomo agresores internos los trabajadores con mayor jerarquía(46,4%). Se concluye que los trabajadores de atenciónprimaria reconocen frecuentemente la presencia de violencialaboral, siendo las más percibidas las de tipo psicológico
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/etnología , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Primaria de Salud , Atención Primaria de Salud/tendencias , Riesgos LaboralesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Sexual harassment is unlawful in all work and educational environments in most nations of the world. The goals of this study were to describe the sexual harassment prevalence and to evaluate the experiences and attitudes of undergraduate students in one dental school in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An 18-item questionnaire was administered to 254 dental students with a completion rate of 82% (208). Students were requested to respond to questions about their background and academic level in dental school, their personal experiences with sexual harassment and their observation of someone else being sexually harassed. Bivariate statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of the students reported being sexually harassed by a patient, by a relative of a patient or by a professor. Male students had 3 times higher probability of being sexually harassed than female student [OR=2.910 (1.113-7.611)]. Additionally, 25.4% of the students reported witnessing sexual harassment at the school environment. The majority of students did not feel professionally prepared to respond to unwanted sexual behaviors. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that sexual harassment can occur in a dental school setting. There is a need for ongoing sexual harassment education programs for students and university staff. Increased knowledge of sexual harassment during graduation can better prepare dental professionals to respond to sexual harassment during their practice.