RESUMEN
Few studies have assessed the burden of mental disorders in adolescents related to bullying victimization at the global, regional, and national levels. We analyzed adolescent mental disorder disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to bullying in 204 countries, following the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 framework. The DALYs rate of adolescent for bullying-related mental disorders global increased from 110.45 (95 % uncertainty intervals (UI): 40.76, 218.62) per 100,000 in 1990 to 138.92 (95 % UI: 54.37, 268.19) per 100,000 in 2019. The largest increase in DALYs rates were obvious in low-SDI and high-SDI regions. In 2019, the DALYs rate of adolescents with bullying-related anxiety disorders was 1.4 times higher than those depressive disorders; the DALYs rate of adolescents with bullying-related mental disorder in females was 1.3 times higher than that of male, and older adolescent (15-19 years old) was 1.4 times higher than younger adolescent (10-14 years old). High-income North America had the fastest increase in DALYs rates of mental disorders related to bullying. In general, a positive correlation was observed between bullying DALY rate of adolescent and SDIs at the regional and national levels. Our study highlights significant disparities in adolescent mental health burden from bullying. Governments must implement adaptive policies to address diverse needs effectively.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Carga Global de Enfermedades , Humanos , Adolescente , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Adulto Joven , Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Años de Vida Ajustados por Discapacidad , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of, and relationship between, bullying and malocclusion in schoolchildren aged 10-14 years in the South East of the UK. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING: Sixteen primary and secondary schools in South East of the UK. PARTICIPANTS: Schoolchildren aged 10-14 years who were consented to participate. METHODS: The prevalence and nature of bullying were measured using a questionnaire. Traits of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment were assessed by clinical examination and determined by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) Dental Health (DHC) and Aesthetic components (AC). RESULTS: Complete data were collected for 698 participants. The number defined as being bullied was 68 (9.7%). There was no difference in the prevalence of bullying between gender, ethnicity or age. Higher rates of bullying were reported in mixed sex schools (P = 0.03). Participants with an increased overjet (P = 0.02) and/or a greater need for treatment, as measured by IOTN DHC (P = 0.01) and AC (P = 0.01), reported higher rates of bullying. While there was no difference in the overall prevalence of bullying between genders, boys were more likely than girls to experience physical bullying (P <0.001) and being called names (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: A significant relationship was evident between being bullied and certain traits of malocclusion.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Maloclusión , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Niño , Maloclusión/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Prevalencia , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Indice de Necesidad de Tratamiento Ortodóncico , Factores Sexuales , Estudios de Cohortes , Sobremordida/epidemiología , Estética DentalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This paper investigates the relationships between physical activity (PA), school bullying, emotion regulation self-efficacy (ERS), and interpersonal relationship distress (IRD) among junior high school students. It also examines the underlying mechanisms of school bullying to provide insights into reducing adolescent bullying and to lay the groundwork for preventing and controlling aggressive behaviors. METHODS: A survey was conducted on 484 students (240 males, 12.18 ± 0.8 years) from 4 secondary schools using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS), Emotional Management Self-Efficacy Scale (EMSS), Interpersonal Relationship Distress Scale (IRDS), and Campus Bullying Scale (CBS) to examine the effects among the variables. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample, and data were collected with a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical software. The analysis included Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bias-corrected percentile Bootstrap methods. RESULTS: (1) PA negatively predicts IRD, which in turn has an indirect effect on bullying (PA â IRD â Bullying), ES = -0.063. Additionally, EM and IRD act as mediators between PA and school bullying (PA â EM â IRD â Bullying), ES = 0.025. (2) PA negatively predicts IRD, which has an indirect effect on being bullied (PA â IRD â Being bullied), ES = -0.044. EM and IRD serve as chain mediators between PA and being bullied (PA â EM â IRD â Being bullied), ES = -0.071. CONCLUSION: PA can positively predict bullying, but it can be mitigated through EM to reduce IRD, thereby decreasing the occurrence of campus bullying and being bullied.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Ejercicio Físico , Relaciones Interpersonales , Estudiantes , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Regulación Emocional , Instituciones Académicas , Autoeficacia , Distrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association between bullying victimization and health risk behaviors in adolescents. METHODS: A representative sample of 1020 adolescents participated in the study. The variables such as bullying, health risk behaviors (tobacco, drugs, alcohol, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, level of physical activity, and sleep), and economic status were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using binary logistic regression and ordinal, gross, and adjusted logistic regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: Victims of bullying were more likely to smoke (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.28-2.40), consume alcohol (OR1.43; 95%CI 1.05-1.94), have worse sleep quality (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.28-2.91), and more sedentary behavior (OR 1.43; 95%CI 1.08-1.89) than those who were not bullied. However, victims were more likely to have high levels of physical activity than their non-bullied peers (OR 1.66; 95%CI 1.22-2.27). CONCLUSIONS: Bullying victimization was associated with an increased predisposition for the adoption of health risk behaviors. Interestingly, victims were also more prone to participate in physical activity.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Conductas de Riesgo para la Salud , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Conducta Sedentaria , Autoinforme , Ejercicio Físico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Brasil/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Today, addressing issues related to the use of virtual space is of paramount importance due to its significant impact on mental well-being. This is especially crucial when the research community consists of teenagers who are cyber bullies or their victims who have higher vulnerability. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of alexithymia in the relationship between cyberbullying and psychotic experiences in adolescents. METHODS: The research method employed in this study was correlational, and the study population consisted of all male and female middle school students in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic years. As for data collection, the Cyber-Bullying/Victimization Experiences questionnaire, Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, and the Toronto Alexithymia scale were applied. A total of 602 samples were gathered by using multi-stage cluster sampling from Tehran in Iran. Four selection of the sample, the regions in Tehran were selected randomly according to the geographical directions of them and then some schools and classes were chosen randomly. Sample was included in the analysis after data entry into SPSS software and subsequent structural equation modeling using AMOS software. RESULTS: According to the findings, cyberbullying (ß = 0.11,p < 0.05) and cyber victimization(ß = 0.41, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of psychotic experiences. Alexithymia partially mediated the relationship between cyberbullying and psychotic experiences with the mediation effect of 0.28 and cyber victimization and psychotic experiences with the mediation effect of 0.18. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of identifying cyber victims or cyberbullies in order to prevent alexithymia and psychotic experiences in future, in order to prevent more serious problems and becoming psychotic. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The goals and conditions of this research were investigated and approved by the Ethics Committee of Alzahra University in Tehran (code: ALZAHRA.REC.1402.055) on 13th September 2023.
Asunto(s)
Síntomas Afectivos , Víctimas de Crimen , Ciberacoso , Trastornos Psicóticos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Síntomas Afectivos/psicología , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Ciberacoso/psicología , Ciberacoso/estadística & datos numéricos , Irán , Trastornos Psicóticos/psicología , Trastornos Psicóticos/epidemiología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
With increasing mental health risks among school populations and prevalent bullying, school mental health professionals (SMHP) are crucial globally. This study explores the perspectives of SMHP on bullying in Omani schools, focussing on definitions, types, current practices, and future strategies. Involving 50 Omani SMHP from Muscat Governorate with at least three years of experience, data was collected through structured interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis. Six key themes emerged: The definition of bullying, its components, common types, current anti-bullying practices, challenges, and future suggestions. Bullying, termed "سÙÙÙعدÙاÙÙ" (Suluk Audwani), meaning aggressive behavior, includes five components: perpetrators, victims, harmful behavior, spectators, and psychosocial factors. Verbal bullying, physical bullying, and cyberbullying are common and vary by age. SMHP frequently employ awareness-raising and psychological first aid. Challenges include resistance from students and parents and institutional barriers. In the future, SMHP will emphasize greater awareness to effectively address Suluk Audwani. Oman has adopted international best practices to recruit SMHP. SMHP's perspectives on Suluk Audwani reflect both their training and Omani cultural influences. Future research should explore various social strata to improve evidence-based understanding and prevention of Suluk Audwani.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Humanos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Omán , Femenino , Masculino , Investigación Cualitativa , Adulto , Instituciones Académicas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Servicios de Salud Mental EscolarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests a robust relationship between experiencing bullying victimization (BV) and engaging in murderous behaviors among adolescents. However, the potential mediating effect of impulsivity on the relationship between BV and murderous behaviors in early adolescents remains underexplored. METHODS: A total of 5724 adolescents, with a mean age of 13.5 years, were enrolled from three middle schools in Anhui Province, China. Participants completed self-report questionnaires detailing their experiences with bullying, impulsiveness, and murderous behaviors. To assess the relationship between BV and murderous behaviors, multivariate logistic regression and Poisson regression analyses were conducted. Mediation analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS: After controlling for confounding factors, a positive association was found between experiencing BV and engaging in murderous behaviors (p < 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of BV on the occurrence of murderous behaviors through impulsivity (indirect effect = 0.027, 95 % CI: 0.021, 0.033). BV appears to heighten levels of impulsivity, which in turn increases the likelihood of murderous behaviors. Additionally, sex-specific analysis indicated that impulsivity played a greater mediating role in the link between verbal and relational BV and murderous behaviors in females, while physical and cyber BV were more significant in males. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the necessity of early targeted interventions for adolescents experiencing BV and exhibiting high levels of impulsivity to mitigate their risk of engaging in murderous behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Conducta Impulsiva , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Femenino , China , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Homicidio/psicología , Homicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Autoinforme , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation (SI) assumes a pivotal role in predicting suicidal behaviors. The incidence of SI among high (junior and senior) school students is significantly higher than that of other age groups. The aim of this study is to explore the gender differences in SI among high school students in Yunnan Province. METHOD: A total of 6180 students in grades 7-12 in Yunnan province, China from May 2021 to May 2022 participated in this survey. Univariate analysis was employed to describe the influencing factors of male and female students' SI. Subsequently, data were stratified by gender. Adopting machine learning technique, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (Lasso) and Boruta algorithm, and logistic regression model to estimate the direction and effect magnitude of the influencing factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of SI was significantly higher for females (31.34 %) than males (16.73 %). The logistic regression model was established using the variables screened by Boruta algorithm, indicated that anxiety, depression, suffering emotion abuse or emotion neglect in childhood, non-suicidal self-injury, evening chronotype are common risk factors for SI in male and female students. Notably, female students who exhibited aggressive behavior, have experienced bullying, and were in the junior high school learning stage were more likely to report SI than their male counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Females showed more vulnerability to SI than males especially among females in junior high school, reporting aggressive behavior and bullying experiences. Tailored prevention strategies, informed by these gender-related distinctions, should be developed and implemented.
Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje Automático , Estudiantes , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , China/epidemiología , Adolescente , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Factores de Riesgo , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Instituciones Académicas , Modelos LogísticosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Violence at school is broadly defined as a range of acts including physical, psychological, and sexual violence, as well as bullying. These can occur at school, in the school environment, on the way to school, or in any school-related environment. Considering the school environment as the place where a child spends most of their daily life, its impact on the child's life cannot be underestimated. This study aims to contribute to the literature by sharing characteristics of school violence and bullying cases with forensic reports prepared in our department, and by presenting solution suggestions for detecting and preventing these issues. METHODS: Between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2022, a total of 14,330 forensic reports issued by the Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, were analyzed. It was found that 125 cases involved school violence. Five cases involving non-students were excluded, leaving 120 student cases for inclusion in the study. Sociodemographic data, type of violence, incident location, educational stage, injury origin, and psychiatric assessment results were assessed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 29.0 package. RESULTS: Of the 120 cases analyzed, 90 (75%) were male, and 30 (25%) were female. The cases were most frequently subjected to violence at the secondary education stage (n=73, 60.8%) and, secondarily, at the primary education stage (n=36, 30%). When the type of violence was analyzed, it was found that physical violence was the most common (n=96, 80%), followed by sexual violence (n=21, 17.5%). Among these, 91.1% (n=82) of males and 43.3% (n=13) of females were exposed to physical and sexual violence, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between the type of violence and gender (p<0.001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common diagnosis among those who underwent psychiatric assessments after experiencing violence (n=15, 45.5%). CONCLUSION: To effectively combat violence and bullying, we believe that strategies based on analyzing the causes of bullying in schools across different cultures, planning and implementing appropriate interventions tailored to the problem area, and preventing recurrence by disseminating the results will yield more effective outcomes.
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Acoso Escolar , Medicina Legal , Hospitales Universitarios , Instituciones Académicas , Violencia , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Adolescente , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/psicología , Turquía/epidemiología , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: A good psychosocial climate at work, including positive interpersonal relationships, is a protective factor for health, whereas social conflict imposes a considerable health risk. Occupational safety and health (OSH) services can help create a positive working environment. In the present study, we analyzed trends in the awareness of OSH services and interpersonal relationships and whether these are linked. METHODS: We used time series data from the Italian Survey on Health and Safety at Work (INSuLa) from 2014 and 2019 (n = 16 000 employees). Negative interpersonal relationships included workplace bullying and lack of workplace support. The availability of OSH services was measured through items inquiring about the awareness of OSH representatives and OSH training. We used Poisson regression in reporting prevalence ratios and provided predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in interpersonal relationships and OSH availability. RESULTS: Our findings suggest that negative interpersonal relationships at work increased, whereas awareness about OSH services declined between 2014 and 2019. These trends were particularly strong for young workers, for whom workplace bullying increased by 6.3% and awareness of OSH training declined by 11.7%. We also found that unawareness about OSH services is associated with negative interpersonal relationships at work. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that low OSH awareness may be an increasing problem, whereas exposure to an adverse social climate at work became more frequent at the same time. Given the role of OSH services in ensuring a positive working climate, it is important to increase workers' awareness about OSH services.
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Acoso Escolar , Relaciones Interpersonales , Salud Laboral , Lugar de Trabajo , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Italia , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Servicios de Salud del Trabajador , Adulto Joven , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adolescente , ConcienciaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents. We aimed to investigate the association between body image and depressive symptoms, and how Body Mass Index (BMI) affects this. METHODS: Survey data from 2017 with 9963 9th-grade Danish adolescents. Information from the survey about the exposure, body image, was divided into 3 categories: too fat, too thin, and adequate. Depressive symptoms, was measured with Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC4). BMI was categorized as underweight, normal weight and overweight. We used logistic regression and examined for effect modification by sex and BMI and adjusted for self-esteem and bullying. RESULTS: An association was found between body image and depressive symptoms, when adjusting for BMI, sex, self-esteem, and bullying. The association was strongest for adolescents feeling too fat compared with adolescents feeling adequate OR:1.61(1.45-1.78), for adolescents feeling to thin compared to adequate: OR:1.21 (1.06-1.37). No effect modification by either BMI or sex was found, but those who perceive their bodies in contrast to their reported BMI faced the highest odds of depressive symptoms, and the results were confounded by self-esteem and bullying, that reduced the estimates after adjusting. LIMITATIONS: This is a cross-sectional study with limited information regarding drop-out, with risk of selection bias. CONCLUSION: We found an association between negative body image and depressive symptoms among Danish adolescents. This confirms previous studies and is a relevant aspect to adolescents' mental health, especially the contrast between BMI and perceived body image, and the confounding by self-esteem and bulling, with potential for prevention.
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Imagen Corporal , Índice de Masa Corporal , Acoso Escolar , Depresión , Autoimagen , Humanos , Adolescente , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Delgadez/epidemiología , Delgadez/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bullying in school is a universal psychosocial issue that raises concerns about adolescents' safety and mental health and is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Social support could be a preventive factor that eases bullying and its psychological distress. PURPOSE: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms among adolescents in Jordan. Another aim was to investigate predictors of depression based on adolescents' sociodemographic factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, non-experimental mediational study, a stratified and systematic sampling method was used to recruit 270 Jordanian adolescents. RESULTS: Sociodemographic variables of being female, having divorced parents, having illiterate fathers, and being older in adolescence explained 12.2% of the variance in depressive symptoms. Family social support partially mediated the relationship between bullying and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that a notable proportion of adolescents experienced bullying victimization and depressive symptoms, and a positive relationship exists between these two variables. These results further highlight the role of family social support in buffering the negative impact of bullying on depressive symptoms. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE: The study's results emphasize the significance of developing and implementing family-centered social support initiatives by nurses to lessen adolescents' bullying experiences and depressive symptomatology.
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Acoso Escolar , Depresión , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Masculino , Jordania/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Research on the associations of type-specific bullying victimization and poly-bullying victimization with suicidal ideation is limited and contradictory. This study aimed to examine these associations among school-aged adolescents. METHODS: A total of 13,258 students from 3 middle schools and 4 high schools in a southern city in China completed a cross-sectional questionnaire in 2019. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations between type-specific bullying victimization and poly-victimization with suicidal ideation. RESULTS: The latent class analysis identified three subgroups of suicidal ideation: low (70.0 %), moderate (24.0 %), and high (6.0 %). Compared with non-bullying victimization in the past year, the corresponding adjusted odds ratios [aOR] (95 % CI) of moderate and high suicidal ideation for only physical victimization were 1.74 (1.15, 2.63) and 2.51 (1.18, 5.38), respectively, for only relational victimization were 1.26 (0.97, 1.62) and 2.48 (1.65, 3.71), respectively, for only verbal victimization were 1.45 (1.17, 1.78) and 1.42 (0.90, 2.22), respectively, for only property victimization were 1.30 (1.03, 1.65) and 1.31 (0.80, 2.16), respectively, and for sexual victimization were 1.38 (1.03, 1.83) and 2.45 (1.50, 3.99), respectively. Poly-bullying victimization was associated with moderate (aORtwo = 1.45 (1.24, 1.70); aORthree = 1.70 (1.41, 2.05), aORfour = 2.03 (1.61, 2.58), aORfive = 2.48 (1.74, 3.53)) and high suicidal ideation (aORtwo = 2.01 (1.49, 2.70), aORthree = 3.87 (2.86, 5.25), aORfour = 4.55 (3.20,6.46), aORfive = 7.90 (5.06, 12.33)). LIMITATIONS: The research design is cross-sectional, and relevant data was based on self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: Different types of bullying victimization were associated with suicidal ideation and poly-bullying victimization and suicidal ideation association shows a dose-response-relationship.
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Acoso Escolar , Víctimas de Crimen , Instituciones Académicas , Estudiantes , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , Adolescente , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , China/epidemiología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Background: Recent years have seen an increase in school refusal behavior among adolescents, potentially due to factors like excessive short-form video viewing, bullying, and school anxiety. Limited research has investigated how these factors contribute to school refusal behavior. This study used random forest regression, path analysis, and network analysis to identify key variables and pathways leading to school refusal behavior. Methods: In this cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, 2,056 (996 male, 1,060 female, mean age: 14.79 ± 1.24 years) middle and senior high school students were asked to complete the School Refusal Behavior Assessment questionnaire to assess school refusal behavior features, the Excessive Short-Form Video Viewing Scale as well as self-reported viewing times during leisure days to assess excessive short-form video viewing, the SNAP-IV Rating Scale to assess the severity of inattention symptoms, and the self-administered questionnaires to assess experiences of being bullied and school anxiety. Results: The prevalence of school refusal behavior in the surveyed adolescents was found to be 31.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 29.8-33.9%]. In terms of significance, the severity of inattention symptoms exhibited the greatest predictive power, while excessive short-form video viewing accounted for the most variance. Path analysis revealed that excessive short-form video viewing not only directly affects school refusal behavior features but also does so indirectly through severity of inattention symptoms and school anxiety. Key bridge factors in this pathway include intense fear and anxiety associated with school attendance, manifesting as somatic symptoms and avoidance behaviors. Conclusion: The findings indicate that not only does excessive short-form video viewing directly influence school refusal behavior features in adolescents, but it also indirectly impacts these features through mechanisms involving severity of inattention symptoms and school anxiety. The bridge factors highlight potential targets for interventions among the SRB features and predictors.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Ansiedad , Acoso Escolar , Instituciones Académicas , Estudiantes , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ansiedad/psicología , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Background: Using data from a nationwide survey among high school students in Denmark, the aim of the current study is to measure the prevalence of online bullying and online sexual harassment and assess gender and age differences in exposure. Methods: We used data from the Danish National Youth Study 2019, which is a nationwide web survey among high school students, including general, commercial, preparatory and technical high schools. Data were collected from January to April 2019 through a self-administered questionnaire in the classroom. A total of 29,086 students participated (response rate: 66%). The survey included questions about online sexual harassment (victimization and perpetration) and online bullying. Results: Approximately 11% of students reported receiving sexually offensive inquiries online, and about 10% received a sexual image/video of others without the subjects' consent. Additionally, 4% experienced that other people shared a sexual image/video of them without their consent within the last 12 months. The most common type of online bullying was feeling ignored by others online (25%), followed by someone spreading rumors or writing nasty things about them (13%), and receiving threats/unpleasant messages (12%). Gender results were mixed.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Sexual , Estudiantes , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Acoso Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Sexual/psicología , Dinamarca , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Instituciones Académicas , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Ciberacoso/estadística & datos numéricos , Ciberacoso/psicología , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Internet/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Although the harmful outcomes of peer bullying are well-established, the effects of bullying by teachers are less understood. Teacher bullying occurs when a teacher uses their authority to punish or disparage a student beyond appropriate discipline. METHODS: This study investigated the prevalence of teacher bullying and its relationship with student risk-taking behaviors in a sample of 106,865 high school students who completed a statewide school climate survey. Students were classified into four groups: no bullying (91%), only peer bullying (4%), only teacher bullying (4%), and both peer and teacher bullying (2%). RESULTS: Logistic regression results indicated that all victimization groups were more likely to participate in risk behaviors (substance use, weapon carrying, fighting, suicidal ideation, and attempts) than nonbullied peers, and students bullied by both peers and teachers were at greatest jeopardy of participation. DISCUSSION: These results support greater attention to teacher bullying in antibullying efforts.
Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Grupo Paritario , Asunción de Riesgos , Maestros , Estudiantes , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Maestros/psicología , Maestros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Instituciones Académicas , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Prevalencia , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Although previous studies have examined the association between youth psychosocial risks and their perceptions of their neighborhood, it is unclear how objective neighborhood characteristics are associated with psychosocial risks and mental health symptoms among adolescents. We investigated how neighborhood characteristics moderate the relationship between youth psychosocial characteristics and mental health symptoms. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined 13,837 emergency department visits by 14-18-year-olds who completed a standardized Behavioral Health Screening in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Philadelphia from 2013 to 2020. Psychosocial risk factors and mental health symptoms were assessed based on self-reported survey responses. We characterized neighborhoods as low-, moderate-, and high-stress based on gun violence incidence from 2013 to 2020 and the census tract-level Child Opportunity Index. Mixed effects logistic regression and Poisson models were used to examine moderation effects. RESULTS: The 9,814 included patients were 64% female and 64% non-Hispanic Black. The following psychosocial risk factors were associated with two to eight times higher odds of depressive symptoms and suicide risk: exposure to trauma, bullying at school, at-risk substance use, fighting, and retaliation. Adolescents living in high-stress neighborhoods were twice as likely to report fighting and retaliation and reported more psychosocial risk factors than those in low-stress neighborhoods. Odds of mental health symptoms increased with the number of psychosocial risk factors, particularly in youth from low-stress neighborhoods. DISCUSSION: Objective neighborhood characteristics had a significant interaction effect on the relationship between psychosocial risks and depression and suicide risk among adolescents seeking care in a pediatric emergency department.
Asunto(s)
Salud Mental , Características de la Residencia , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Philadelphia/epidemiología , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Estrés Psicológico/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicologíaRESUMEN
Being exposed to bullfighting during childhood generates a growing social debate, that stirs up both opposing and supporting arguments that confront cultural transmission with the protection of childhood. This study seeks to analyze how viewing bullfighting shows affects the emotional well-being of Spanish and Portuguese children. Children who had watched bullfighting shows were compared to others who had never watched them. For the accomplishment of this study, 128 children took part, of which 84 were Portuguese and 44 were Spanish. Overall, 86 children had watched bullfighting shows and 42 had not. The scores related to problem-focused coping, positive affect, active resolution, and seeking information and guidance were significantly higher in those children who had watched bullfighting shows. No significant differences were found related to nationality. The cognitive interpretation of this real and/or audiovisual content and the need to continue studying this practice is under discussion.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Psicológica , Agresión , Humanos , Portugal , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , España , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricos , Emociones/fisiología , Afecto/fisiología , Conducta Infantil/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Official estimates of violence prevalence in England exclude older people. There are few studies of elder abuse and these excluded violence from acquaintances and strangers and lack comparability with younger adults. OBJECTIVES: To estimate prevalence of past-year violence victimisation in older people, identify factors associated with violence in older age, quantify the extent to which experience of violence in older people was associated with common mental disorder (CMD). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: Analysis of a 2014 general population probability sample survey of 2570 adults aged 60+ and 4484 16-59 year olds. Modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale measured domestic violence and List of Threatening Experiences captured bullying and serious assault. CMD were assessed using the revised Clinical Interview Schedule. Associations were examined using regression models adjusted for childhood victimisation and other adversities. RESULTS: 2.0 % (n = 52,CI:1.4-2.6) of older people experienced violence in the past year, with intimate partner violence the most prevalent form. Older people of non-white ethnicity, those who were socially isolated or lonely, and the formerly married were more likely to experience violence. Violence was associated with CMD in older people (adjusted odds ratio 2.2, CI:1.0-4.8), controlling for impairments, adversities and other factors. CONCLUSION: Violence, especially from an intimate partner, is evident in later life and strongly associated with poor mental health. Better instruments for the identification of violence and abuse in older people in research and safe enquiry in practice settings are needed, with recognition of and attention to ethnic and other inequalities among older people in exposure.
Asunto(s)
Víctimas de Crimen , Abuso de Ancianos , Trastornos Mentales , Humanos , Inglaterra/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Víctimas de Crimen/estadística & datos numéricos , Víctimas de Crimen/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Abuso de Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Abuso de Ancianos/psicología , Prevalencia , Violencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia/psicología , Violencia de Pareja/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia de Pareja/psicología , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Acoso Escolar/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Being subjected to bullying is a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Parental support, peer support, and social connectedness play protective roles in mitigating NSSI in this population. However, the precise impact of the combined effects of parental and peer support on bullying and NSSI requires further investigation. METHODS: This study employed the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, Delaware Bullying Victimisation Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, and the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory to survey 1277 Chinese adolescents. Polynomial regression analysis and response surface analysis were applied to examine the mediating role of bullying and social connectedness in the relationship between parental and peer support matching and NSSI. RESULTS: The results indicate that parental support (r = 0.287, P < 0.001), peer support (r = 0.288, P < 0.001), and social connectedness (r = 0.401, P < 0.001) were protective factors against NSSI in adolescents. Conversely, bullying (r = 0.425, P < 0.001) acts as a risk factor for NSSI in this population. Adolescents with low parental and peer support experienced more bullying than those with high parental and peer support, while those with low parental but high peer support experienced less bullying than those with high parental but low peer support (R^2 = 0.1371, P < 0.001). Social connectedness moderated the effect between bullying and NSSI in this model (ß = 0.006, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Due to the under-representation of participants and lack of longitudinal data support, the explanatory power of causality between variables was limited. Future studies should include national samples and incorporate longitudinal studies to enhance the generalisability and robustness of the findings. CONCLUSION: This study reveals the influence mechanism of parental and peer support matching experienced by adolescents on bullying and NSSI and the moderating role of social connectedness. These findings enrich the developmental theory of adolescent NSSI and provide reference for the prevention and intervention of adolescent NSSI behaviour.