RESUMEN

Lipases comprise the third most commercialized group of enzymes worldwide and those of microbial origin are sought for their multiple advantages. Agro-industrial waste can be an alternative culture medium for producing lipases, reducing production costs and the improper disposal of waste frying oil (WFO). This study aimed to produce yeast lipases through submerged fermentation (SF) using domestic edible oil waste as inducer and alternative culture medium. The optimal culture conditions, most effective inducer, and purification method for a new lipase from Moesziomyces aphidis BRT57 were identified. Yeast was cultured in medium containing green coconut pulp and WFO waste for 72 h. The maximum production of lipases in SF occurred in a culture medium containing WFO and yeast extract at 48 and 72 h of incubation, with enzyme activities of 8.88 and 11.39 U mL-1, respectively. The lipase was isolated through ultrafiltration followed by size exclusion chromatography, achieving a 50.46 % recovery rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the production and purification of lipases from M. aphidis, demonstrating the value of frying oil as inducer and alternative medium for SF, contributing to the production of fatty acids for biodiesel from food waste.

Asunto(s)

Cocos , Lipasa , Lipasa/aislamiento & purificación , Lipasa/química , Lipasa/biosíntesis , Lipasa/metabolismo , Cocos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Fermentación , Proteínas Fúngicas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/biosíntesis , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Chinese traditional medicine frankincense, which can promote blood circulation, is often used to treat skin lesions, including frostbite. AIM OF THE STUDY: To explore the properties of frankincense oil extract (FOE) and its active ingredients and their effect on frostbite wound recovery as an approach to understand the mechanism associated with microcirculation-improvement therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The microcirculation-improving effects of FOE and its active ingredients were evaluated using liquid nitrogen-induced frostbite animal models. The rewarming capacity of FOE on the skin was determined through infrared detection, and frostbite wound healing was evaluated following haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and fibre analysis. Moreover, related factors were examined to determine the anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and microcirculatory properties of FOE and its active ingredients on affected tissue in the context of frostbite. RESULTS: FOE and its active ingredients rapidly rewarmed wound tissue after frostbite by increasing the temperature. Moreover, these treatments improved wound healing and restored skin structure through collagen and elastin fibre remodelling. In addition, they exerted anti-apoptotic effects by decreasing the number of apoptotic cells, reducing caspase-3 expression, and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing COX-2 and ß-catenin expression. They also improved microcirculatory disorders by decreasing HIF-1α expression and increasing CD31 expression. CONCLUSIONS: FOE and its active components can effectively treat frostbite by enhancing microcirculation, inhibiting the infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreasing cell apoptosis, and exerting antinociceptive effects. These findings highlight FOE as a new treatment option for frostbite, providing patients with an effective therapeutic strategy.

Asunto(s)

Congelación de Extremidades , Microcirculación , Cicatrización de Heridas , Congelación de Extremidades/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/irrigación sanguínea , Piel/patología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Administración Tópica , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología

RESUMEN

Perilla leaf oil (PLO) is a global premium vegetable oil with abundant nutrients and substantial economic value, rendering it susceptible to potential adulteration by unscrupulous entrepreneurs. The addition of cinnamon oil (CO) is one of the main adulteration avenues for illegal PLOs. In this study, new and real-time ambient mass spectrometric methods were developed to detect CO adulteration in PLO. First, atmospheric solids analysis probe tandem mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis and principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis was employed to differentiate between authentic and adulterated PLO. Then, a spectral library was established for the instantaneous matching of cinnamaldehyde in the samples. Finally, the results were verified using the SRM mode of ASAP-MS/MS. Within 3 min, the three methods successfully identified CO adulteration in PLO at concentrations as low as 5% v/v with 100% accuracy. The proposed strategy was successfully applied to the fraud detection of CO in PLO.

Asunto(s)

Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Contaminación de Alimentos , Hojas de la Planta , Aceites de Plantas , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Cinnamomum zeylanicum/química , Perilla/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos

RESUMEN

Aquatic products are highly susceptible to spoilage, and preparing composite edible film with essential oil is an effective solution. In this study, composite edible films were prepared using perilla essential oil (PEO)-glycerol monolaurate emulsions incorporated with chitosan and nisin, and the film formulation was optimized by response surface methodology. These films were applied to ready-to-eat fish balls and evaluated over a period of 12 days. The films with the highest inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus were acquired using a polymer composition of 6 µL/mL PEO, 18.4 µg/mL glycerol monolaurate, 14.2 mg/mL chitosan, and 11.0 µg/mL nisin. The fish balls coated with the optimal edible film showed minimal changes in appearance during storage and significantly reduced total bacterial counts and total volatile basic nitrogen compared to the control groups. This work indicated that the composite edible films containing essential oils possess ideal properties as antimicrobial packaging materials for aquatic foods.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Quitosano , Películas Comestibles , Emulsiones , Embalaje de Alimentos , Lauratos , Monoglicéridos , Nisina , Aceites Volátiles , Staphylococcus aureus , Nisina/farmacología , Nisina/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Lauratos/química , Lauratos/farmacología , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Emulsiones/química , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Monoglicéridos/química , Monoglicéridos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Perilla/química

RESUMEN

Gelatin have excellent film-forming and barrier properties, but its lack of biological activity limits its application in packaging. In this study, fish gelatin incorporated with apple polyphenol/cumin essential oil composite films were successfully prepared by melt extrusion. The cross-linking existed in gelatin and apple polyphenol improved the thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the film. The synergistic effect of apple polyphenols and cumin essential oil decreased the sensitivity of the film to water, especially the water solubility decreased from 41.60 % to 26.07 %. The plasticization of essential oil nearly doubled the elongation at break while maintaining the tensile strength of the film (11.45 MPa). Furthermore, the FG-CEO-AP film can inhibit peroxide value to extend the shelf life about 20 days in the walnut oil preservation. In summary, the apple polyphenol/cumin essential oil of FG film exhibits excellent comprehensive properties and high preparation efficiency for utilization as an active packaging material.

Asunto(s)

Embalaje de Alimentos , Gelatina , Juglans , Aceites de Plantas , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Gelatina/química , Juglans/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , Malus/química , Solubilidad

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: Los vertidos de líquidos inflamables pueden producir accidentes graves, principalmente en plantas industriales y en carretera. Para prevenir la dispersión de derrames, se utilizan diversas formas de recolecta, como la absorción con sólidos porosos. Residuos agroindustriales pueden ser aprovechados como materiales sorbentes de líquidos inflamables. Objetivo: Determinar la capacidad de absorción de las biomasas residuales del pedúnculo de la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis) y del endocarpio del fruto de coyol (Acrocomia sp.) para cuatro líquidos orgánicos inflamables. Métodos: Las biomasas residuales de E. guineensis y de Acrocomia sp. se evaluaron como sorbentes para combustibles derramados (diésel, queroseno de aviación, queroseno comercial y gasolina). Se midió la cantidad de líquido absorbida por las biomasas a 24 ºC durante una semana, y su cinética de desorción a 50 ºC, usando balanzas de secado. Resultados: La propiedad sorbente del material de Acrocomia sp. no fue satisfactoria, comparada con el pedúnculo de E. guineensis, debido a diferencias en arquitectura residual del material orgánico. Esta última biomasa muestra una capacidad de absorción para los combustibles de 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 a 24 ºC. La diatomita absorbe mayor cantidad de los combustibles estudiados, pero la difusión de estos fluidos a 50 ºC por la matriz mineral es solo 0.26 ± 0.09 veces lo observado para el material de E. guineensis, como resultado del mayor grado de tortuosidad de los poros de la diatomita. Conclusiones: El pedúnculo de palma aceitera (E. guineensis) mostró un adecuado potencial desempeño para la aplicación pasiva en la mitigación de los riesgos de incendio, con respecto a la diatomita. El endocarpio del fruto de Acrocomia sp. no resultó útil para esta operación de recuperación.

---

Abstract Introduction: Spills of flammable liquids can lead to serious accidents, mainly in industrial plants and on roads. To prevent the spread of spills, various forms of collection are used, such as absorption with porous solids. Agroindustrial waste can be used as sorbent materials for flammable liquids. Objective: To determine the sorption capacity of the residual empty-fruit bunch of oil-palm (Elaeis guineensis) and the macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) nutshell for four organic flammable liquids. Methods: The residual biomasses of E. guineensis and Acrocomia sp. were assessed as sorbents for spilled fuels (diesel, jet fuel, commercial kerosene, and gasoline). Volumetric measurement of liquid-fuel absorption at 24 ºC was taken during a week. Desorption was measured at 50 ºC as the drying kinetics, by using moisture scales. Results: The sorption capacity of the Acrocomia sp. material was not satisfactory, compared to the E. guineensis residual material, due to differences in the residual architecture of the organic material. This last can absorb 2.4 ± 0.2 cm3 g-1 at 24 ºC, during a one-week period. Diatomite absorbs greater quantities of the organic liquids but, the fluids diffusion at 50 ºC is 0.26 ± 0.09 times more slowly in the mineral matrix, because of the greater pore tortuosity in this mineral matrix. Conclusions: The oil-palm empty fruit bunch of E. guineensis, showed lesser but adequate performance than the sorbing behavior for fire hazard mitigation of diatomite. The nutshell of macaw palm (Acrocomia sp.) did not prove to be useful for this recovery operation.

Asunto(s)

Aceite de Palma/análisis , Sistemas de Extinción de Incendios , Aceites de Plantas/análisis , Queroseno

RESUMEN

Perilla essential oil (PLEO) offers benefits for food preservation and healthcare, yet its instability restricts its applications. In this study, chitosan (CS) and TiO2 used to prepare composite particles. TiO2, after being modified with sodium laurate (SL), was successfully introduced at 0.1 %-3 % into the CS matrix. The resulting CS-SL-TiO2 composite particles can be formed by intertwining and rearranging through intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, and form an O/W interface with stability and viscoelasticity. The Pickering emulsions stabilized by these particles exhibit non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, shear-thinning properties, and slow-release characteristics, along with antibacterial activity. Emulsions with 0.5 % and 1 % CS-SL-TiO2 composites demonstrated superior antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study revealed that all emulsions undergo Fickian diffusion and a sustained release of PLEO, with the Ritger-Peppas model best describing this release mechanism. The slow-release behaviors positively correlates with interfacial pressure, composite particle size, composite particle potential, composite contact angle, emulsion particle size and emulsion potential, but negatively correlates with diffusion rate, penetration rate, release kinetics and release rate. The findings lay groundwork for developing slow-release antimicrobial emulsions within polysaccharide matrices, showcasing promise for antimicrobial packaging solutions and enhanced food preservation techniques.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Quitosano , Emulsiones , Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , Titanio , Agua , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Titanio/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Agua/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Liberación de Fármacos

RESUMEN

Starch is one of the natural encapsulant materials widely used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Starch with high amylose content (above 40 %, w/w) is prone to form single helices V-type allomorph with a hydrophilic outer surface and a hydrophobic inner cavity making them suitable for encapsulation of hydrophobic compounds such as essential oils, fatty acids, and vitamins. Pea starch obtained from pea protein processing industries have a high amylose content (40 %, w/w) rendering them unsuitable for direct food applications as ingredients. Therefore, in this study, an in-house spraying procedure was used to synthesize nanoparticles using pea starch, to encapsulate neem oil, a natural antimicrobial compound obtained from neem plant (Azadirachta indica) seed. The synthesis of the oil-encapsulated starch nanoparticles (OESNP) was optimized using a Box-Behnken experimental design to study the influence of the processing parameters such as the initial starch concentration, homogenization speed, duration of homogenization, sample injection rate, and quantity of antisolvent (ethanol). The optimized sample showed an 80-90 % encapsulation efficiency and particle size of <500 nm. The spherical OESNPs also demonstrated sustained release of the oil compared to free oil when dispersed in water. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the coexistence of C-type and V-type polymorphs in the loaded and unloaded nanoparticles. It is concluded that the synthesized OESNPs with controlled release hold the potential to utilize industrial pea starch waste for the delivery of natural pesticides in agriculture.

Asunto(s)

Glicéridos , Nanopartículas , Pisum sativum , Almidón , Pisum sativum/química , Nanopartículas/química , Almidón/química , Glicéridos/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Terpenos/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Agricultura/métodos , Azadirachta/química , Amilosa/química

RESUMEN

Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever, and the Zika virus, pose significant global health challenges, affecting millions annually. Due to increasing insecticide resistance, there is a growing interest in natural alternatives for mosquito control. Lemongrass essential oil, derived from Cymbopogon citratus, has shown promising repellent and larvicidal properties against various mosquito species. In this study, we investigated the larvicidal effect of lemongrass oil and its major compounds on Anopheles sinensis, the primary malaria vector in China. GC-MS analysis identified the major compounds of lemongrass oil as ( +)-citronellal (35.60%), geraniol (21.84%), and citronellol (13.88%). Lemongrass oil showed larvicidal activity against An. sinensis larvae, with an LC50 value of 119.20 ± 3.81 mg/L. Among the major components, citronellol had the lowest LC50 value of 42.76 ± 3.18 mg/L. Moreover, citronellol demonstrated inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in An. sinensis larvae, assessed by homogenizing larvae at different time points following treatment. Molecular docking studies further elucidated the interaction between citronellol and AChE, revealing the formation of hydrogen bonds and Pi-Sigma bonds. Aromatic amino acid residues such as Tyr71, Trp83, Tyr370, and Tyr374 played a pivotal role in these interactions. These findings may contribute to understanding lemongrass oil's larvicidal activity against An. sinensis and the mechanisms underlying these effects.

Asunto(s)

Monoterpenos Acíclicos , Anopheles , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa , Insecticidas , Larva , Aceites Volátiles , Aceites de Plantas , Animales , Anopheles/efectos de los fármacos , Anopheles/enzimología , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/farmacología , Insecticidas/química , Monoterpenos Acíclicos/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/química , Cymbopogon/química , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Terpenos/farmacología , Terpenos/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , China , Acetilcolinesterasa/metabolismo , Mosquitos Vectores/efectos de los fármacos , Monoterpenos/farmacología , Monoterpenos/química , Aldehídos/farmacología , Aldehídos/química

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Essential oils are secondary metabolites of aromatic plants and are used in phytotherapy to treat various diseases. In the present study, eight selected essential oils - ajwain oil (Trachyspermum ammi L.), fennel oil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare), thyme oil chemotype (ct.) thymol (Thymus vulgaris L.), tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel.), oregano oil (Origanum vulgare L.), mountain savory oil (Satureja montana L.), lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) and eucalyptus oil (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) -were examined for their antibacterial effect against Pasteurella (P.) multocida and Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica isolates from deep nasopharyngeal swab samples of fattening calves using agar diffusion and microdilution. All eight essential oils were effective against the tested isolates. Lemongrass oil proved to be the most potent of all eight essential oils, while fennel oil was only weakly effective. Different antimicrobial effects were observed between the two research methods. The effectiveness of ajwain, thyme, oregano and mountain savory oils was comparable in agar diffusion. However, this could not be reproduced using the microdilution method. P. multocida was found to be more sensitive to all essential oils tested than M. haemolytica. This study shows that the tested essential oils have antimicrobial in-vitro effects on P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates and that the examination method is associated with the test result.

---

INTRODUCTION: Les huiles essentielles sont des métabolites secondaires de plantes aromatiques et sont utilisées en phytothérapie pour le traitement de différentes maladies. Dans la présente étude, huit huiles essentielles sélectionnées ­ huile d'ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.), huile de fenouil (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. vulgare var. vulgare), huile de thym chémotype (ct.) thymol (Thymus vulgaris L.), huile d'arbre à thé (Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel.), huile d'origan (Origanum vulgare L.), huile de sarriette de montagne (Satureja montana L. ), huile de citronnelle (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf.) et huile d'eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) ­ ont été étudiées par diffusion sur gélose et microdilution pour leur effet antibactérien sur des isolats de Pasteurella (P.) multocida et de Mannheimia (M.) haemolytica provenant d'échantillons d'écouvillons nasaux profonds de veaux d'engraissement. Les huit huiles essentielles se sont révélées efficaces sur les isolats testés. L'huile de citronnelle s'est avérée être la plus puissante des huit huiles essentielles, tandis que l'huile de fenouil n'était que faiblement efficace. Des effets différents ont été observés entre les deux méthodes de recherche utilisées. Par exemple, l'efficacité des huiles d'ajowan, de thym, d'origan et de sarriette de montagne était comparable dans la diffusion sur gélose. Cependant, cela n>a pas pu être reproduit avec la méthode de microdilution. P. multocida s'est révélée plus sensible que M. haemolytica à toutes les huiles essentielles testées. Cette étude montre premièrement que les huiles essentielles testées ont une efficacité antimicrobienne in vitro sur des isolats cliniques de P. multocida et de M. haemolytica. Deuxièmement, elle montre que la méthode d'examen est associée au résultat du test.

Asunto(s)

Mannheimia haemolytica , Aceites Volátiles , Pasteurella multocida , Animales , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Pasteurella multocida/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Mannheimia haemolytica/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología

RESUMEN

Mentha arvensis is an herbaceous plant commonly known as peppermint or Japanese mint. This study investigated the toxic potential and repellent efficacy of M. arvensis essential oil (MaEO) at varying concentrations (15.625-250 mg/mL) in Nauphoeta cinerea, along with its impact on biochemical parameters in N. cinerea. The potential of the major compounds as a new analgesic target was investigated using molecular docking. The essential oil was analyzed by gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the toxic potential, repellent property, and changes in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were evaluated as markers of oxidative stress. GC-MS results revealed that the main components were oxygenated monoterpenes such as menthol (71.31%), mentone (13.34%) and isomentone (5.35%). MaEO significantly reduced lipid peroxidation (LPO), the levels of non-protein thiols and iron(II) at the concentration of 125 mg/mL in N. cinerea. Furthermore, the major components, L-(-)-Menthol and menthone demonstrated high gastrointestinal absorption and high affinity with the target protein, suggesting possible links that contribute to the analgesic effect of MaEO.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Peroxidación de Lípido , Mentha , Aceites Volátiles , Mentha/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Repelentes de Insectos/farmacología , Repelentes de Insectos/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química

RESUMEN

In vivo studies on the hazards of deep-fried foods were commonly done by feeding used-or heated-cooking oil to rats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding tempe deep-fried in palm, olive, and coconut oils and the used frying oil on the blood biochemical profile of laboratory rats. An in vivo randomized control group study with pre-test and post-test was conducted. This study included healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2-3 months and weighing 100-200 grams. After acclimatization, the rats were randomly assigned to seven groups, which were: (1) regular diet (control diet); (2) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used palm oil (Tempe-in-used-Po); (3) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used coconut oil (Tempe-in-used-Co); (4) diet of tempe deep-fried in 5× used olive oil (Tempe-in-used-Oo); (5) diet of 5× used palm oil (Used-Po); (6) diet of 5× used coconut oil (Used-Co); and (7) diet of 5× used olive oil (Used-Oo). Each rat received 15 grams of a treatment diet daily and blood samples were collected after four weeks for a complete blood count and serum biochemistry analysis. The results showed that the final body weight and the weight gain of Tempe-in-used-Po, Tempe-in-used-Co, Tempe-in-used-Oo group, and Used-Po groups increased significantly compared to the control, Used-Co, and Used-Oo groups. However, there was a significant increase in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the Used-Co and Used-Oo groups (p<0.05), suggesting the used oil's detrimental effect. The Used-Co and Used-Oo were the only two groups whose creatinine increased significantly (p<0.05). Subsequently, only the Used-Oo group had a significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared to all groups (p<0.05). These results prove that the effect of feeding fried food differs from used oils. Feeding used oil did not reflect the consumption of fried foods as part of the whole diet and generally resulted in more harmful effects. This is the first study to report an in vivo rat feeding study of deep-fried tempe and the used oil as part of the diet.

Asunto(s)

Aceite de Coco , Culinaria , Creatinina , Malondialdehído , Aceite de Oliva , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Creatinina/sangre , Malondialdehído/sangre , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Aceite de Oliva/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Oliva/farmacología , Aceite de Palma/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Palma/farmacología , Aceite de Palma/química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química

RESUMEN

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from plant extracts have gained attention for their potential applications in biomedicine. Calotropis gigantea has been utilized to synthesize AgNPs, called AgNPs-LCg, and exhibit antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as antifungal. However, further enhancement of their antimicrobial properties is needed. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs-LCg and to enhance their antimicrobial and antifungal activities through a hybrid green synthesis reaction using patchouli oil (PO), as well as to characterize the synthesized AgNPs-LCg. Optimization was conducted using the response surface method (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). AgNPs-LCg were synthesized under optimal conditions and hybridized with different forms of PO-crude, distillation wastewater (hydrolate), and heavy and light fractions-resulting in PO-AgNPs-LCg, PH-AgNPs-LCg, LP-AgNPs-LCg, and HP-AgNPs-LCg, respectively. The samples were then tested for their antibacterial (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria) and antifungal activities. Our data indicated that all samples, including those with distillation wastewater, had enhanced antimicrobial activity. HP-AgNPs-LCg, however, had the highest efficacy; therefore, only HP-AgNPs-LCg proceeded to the characterization stage for comparison with AgNPs-LCg. UV-Vis spectrophotometry indicated surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks at 400 nm for AgNPs-LCg and 360 nm for HP-AgNPs-LCg. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of O-H, N-H, and C-H groups in C. gigantea extract and AgNP samples. The smallest AgNPs-LCg were 56 nm, indicating successful RSM optimization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed spherical AgNPs-LCg and primarily cubic HP-AgNPs-LCg, with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirming silver's predominance. This study demonstrated that PO in any form significantly enhances the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs-LCg. The findings pave the way for the exploration of enhanced and environmentally sustainable antimicrobial agents, capitalizing on the natural resources found in Aceh Province, Indonesia.

Asunto(s)

Calotropis , Tecnología Química Verde , Nanopartículas del Metal , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Hojas de la Planta , Plata , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Hojas de la Planta/química , Calotropis/química , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química

RESUMEN

Tomato pomace, the main by-product of tomato processing, is also an underestimated source of many active substances. This study aimed to determine the possibility of using oil obtained from tomato pomace in a face cream formulation. The bacterial community structure, face skin biophysical parameters and protection against air pollution were examined after daily application of the cosmetic by volunteers. In the tomato pomace oil, the profile of fatty acids was determined by GC‒MS, and the profile of volatile compounds was determined using the HS-SPME technique. The dominant bioactive component in the oil was linoleic acid (63.6%), and among the volatile compounds, it was carvotanacetone (25.8%). The application of the cream with tomato pomace oil resulted in an increase in the dominant genera Staphylococcus, Anaerococcus and Cutibacterium in the epibiome, particularly beneficial Staphylococcus epidermidis, while limiting the growth of the potentially opportunistic pathogens Kocuria spp., Micrococcus spp., Veillonella spp., and Rothia spp. This study showed the usefulness of tomato pomace oil as a natural ingredient in skin care cosmetics, reducing skin inflammation, sensitivity and melanin level, with potential protective effects against air pollution and microbiome-balance properties. Tomato pomace, which is commonly considered waste after tomato processing, can be used in the development of new cosmetics and may additionally contribute to reducing environmental nuisance.

Asunto(s)

Microbiota , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/farmacología , Crema para la Piel/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piel/microbiología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Masculino

RESUMEN

The worldwide exploration of the ethanolysis protocol (EP) has decreased despite the multifaceted benefits of ethanol, such as lower toxicity, higher oxygen content, higher renewability, and fewer emission tail compared to methanol, and the enhanced fuel properties with improved engine characteristics of multiple-oily feedstocks (MOFs) compared to single-oily feedstocks. The study first proposed a strategy for the optimisation of ethylic biodiesel synthesis from MOFs: neem, animal fat, and jatropha oil (NFJO) on a batch reactor. The project's goals were to ensure environmental benignity and encourage the use of totally biobased products. This was made possible by the introduction of novel population based algorithms such as Driving Training-Based Optimization (DTBO) and Election-Based Optimization (EBOA), which were compared with the widely used Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The yield of NFJO ethyl ester (NFJOEE) was predicted using the RSM technique, and the ideal transesterification conditions were determined using the DTBO, EBOA, and GWO algorithms. Reaction time showed a strong linear relationship with ethylic biodiesel yield, while ethanol-to-NFJO molar ratio, catalyst dosage, and reaction temperature showed nonlinear effects. Reaction time was the most significant contributor to NFJOEE yield.The important fundamental characteristics of the fuel categories were investigated using the ASTM test procedures. The maximum NFJOEE yield (86.3%) was obtained at an ethanol/NFJO molar ratio of 5.99, KOH content of 0.915 wt.%, ethylic duration of 67.43 min, and reaction temperature of 61.55 °C. EBOA outperforms DTBO and GWO regarding iteration and computation time, converging towards a global fitness value equal to 7 for 4 s, 20 for 5 s and 985 for 34 s. The key fuel properties conformed to the standards outlined by ASTMD6751 and EN 14,214 specifications. The NFJOEE fuel processing cost is 0.9328 USD, and is comparatively lesser than that of conventional diesel. The new postulated population based algorithm models can be a prospective approach for enhancing biodiesel production from numerous MOFs and ensuring a balanced ecosystem and fulfilling enviromental benignity when adopted.

Asunto(s)

Algoritmos , Biocombustibles , Jatropha , Biocombustibles/análisis , Jatropha/química , Animales , Esterificación , Aceites de Plantas/química

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Piper hispidinervum essential oil (PHEO) against 11 Brazilian populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The effects of sublethal doses of PHEO on the behavior (walking and flying), respiration, and population growth (ri) of the insect populations were investigated. PHEO toxicity was determined through concentration-mortality bioassays, with mortality curves established using increasing PHEO concentrations ranging from 140.00 to 1000.00 µL kg-1. Behavior was evaluated based on walking distance, walking time, walking speed, walking time proportion, flight height, and flight takeoff success. Respiration was measured via the respiratory rate, while population growth (ri) was assessed through the instantaneous growth rate. All 11 populations of S. zeamais were susceptible to PHEO, showing no signs of resistance. The populations exhibited varying behavioral and physiological responses to sublethal exposure to PHEO, indicating different mitigation strategies. The results confirm that PHEO possesses insecticidal potential for controlling S. zeamais populations. However, the observed behavioral and physiological responses should be considered when establishing control measures in pest management programs for stored products.

Asunto(s)

Insecticidas , Aceites Volátiles , Piper , Gorgojos , Animales , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Gorgojos/efectos de los fármacos , Gorgojos/fisiología , Piper/química , Insecticidas/farmacología , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química

RESUMEN

A nutritional approach could be a promising strategy to prevent or decrease the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuroprotective role of walnut oil (WO) was investigated in Drosophila melanogaster treated with rotenone (Rot), as a PD model, WO, or their combination, and compared to controls. WO reduced mortality and improved locomotor activity impairment after 3 and 7 days, induced by Rot. LC-MS analyses of fatty acid levels in Drosophila heads showed a significant increase in linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) both in flies fed with the WO-enriched diet and in those treated with the association of WO with Rot. Flies supplemented with the WO diet showed an increase in brain dopamine (DA) level, while Rot treatment significantly depleted dopamine content; conversely, the association of Rot with WO did not modify DA content compared to controls. The greater intake of ALA and LA in the enriched diet enhanced their levels in Drosophila brain, suggesting a neuroprotective role of polyunsaturated fatty acids against Rot-induced neurotoxicity. The involvement of the dopaminergic system in the improvement of behavioral and biochemical parameters in Drosophila fed with WO is also suggested.

Asunto(s)

Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Drosophila melanogaster , Juglans , Enfermedad de Parkinson , Aceites de Plantas , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Juglans/química , Enfermedad de Parkinson/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Parkinson/metabolismo , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/química , Dopamina/metabolismo , Rotenona , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología

RESUMEN

AIMS: Evaluate the in vitro efficacy of the essential oils derived from Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae), Cymbopogon winterianus (Poaceae), and Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) against Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoites. Additionally, microemulsions formulated with these essential oils, along with their major components, were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prepared microemulsions were characterized using polarized light microscopy and rheological techniques. The amoebicidal activity was determined by measuring the inhibitory concentration (IC50). Flow cytometry was employed to detect membrane damage and alterations in trophozoites size. The results revealed transparent and thermodynamically stable microemulsions. The essential oil from O. gratissimum exhibited a lower IC50, with values of 280.66 and 47.28 µg ml-1 after 24 and 48 h, respectively. When microemulsions containing essential oils were tested, the IC50 values exhibited a reduction of over 80% after 24 h. Particularly, eugenol, a constituent of the O. gratissimum essential oil, displayed higher amoebicidal activity. The essential oils also caused damage to the cell membrane, resulting in the subsequent death of the trophozoites. CONCLUSIONS: The EOs of A. citrodora, C. winterianus, and O. gratissimum and their microemulsions showed antiparasitic effect against A. polyphaga trophozoites, representing promising alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by this protozoan.

Asunto(s)

Acanthamoeba , Cymbopogon , Emulsiones , Ocimum , Aceites Volátiles , Trofozoítos , Verbenaceae , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Cymbopogon/química , Ocimum/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Trofozoítos/efectos de los fármacos , Acanthamoeba/efectos de los fármacos , Verbenaceae/química , Amebicidas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología

RESUMEN

This study investigated the impact of two extraction methods, traditional hydrodistillation (TDH) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAH), on the essential oil yield and chemical profile of Lavandula angustifolia L., as well as the bioactive potential of the resulting wastewater. Essential oil composition was analyzed via GC-MS, revealing similar qualitative and quantitative profiles for both methods, with α-terpinolene and (-)borneol as major constituents. Wastewater analysis via LC-MS/MS and spectrophotometric assays demonstrated the presence of significant total phenolic content (3.29-1.78 mg GAE/g) and 32 individual phenolics (463.1 µg/kg for TDH; 479.33 µg/kg for MAH). These findings suggest that both essential oil and wastewater obtained by either method possess considerable bioactive potential, with the MAH method potentially offering advantages over TDH for essential oil extraction. Further exploration of wastewater applications in various industrial sectors is warranted.

Asunto(s)

Destilación , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Lavandula , Microondas , Aceites Volátiles , Aceites de Plantas , Aceites Volátiles/química , Lavandula/química , Destilación/métodos , Aceites de Plantas/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Aguas Residuales/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Tropical oils such as palm and coconut oils are renowned for their high saturated fat content and culinary versatility. However, their consumption has sparked debate regarding their health benefits and production concerns. The purpose of this review was to map existing evidence on the health benefits and challenges associated with the consumption of tropical oils. METHOD: The recommendations for conducting a scoping review by Arksey and O'Malley were followed. PubMed, Dimensions AI, Central, JSTOR Google, Google Scholar, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant papers. The predetermined keywords used were Consumption" AND "Tropical oil," as well as "Health benefits" OR "Health challenges" AND "Tropical Countries." Peer-reviewed and grey literature published in English were eligible for this review. RESULT: Tropical oils, such as palm and coconut oils, provide health benefits including essential vitamins (A and E) that enhance ocular health, boost immunity, and support growth. They are also recognised for their role in managing high blood sugar, obesity, and cholesterol levels, while offering antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These oils have wound-healing abilities and are commonly used in infant nutrition and traditional cooking. Nevertheless, prolonged and repeated use of tropical oils to high temperature can degrade vitamin E, whereas excessive intake may result in overdose. Health concerns include oxidative risks, diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, and acrylamide formation due to production challenges excessive consumption. Additional issues include obesity, suboptimal oil production, misconceptions, regulatory obstacles, and preferences for alternative fats. CONCLUSION: This review suggest that tropical oils provide essential health benefits, including vitamins and antioxidant properties, but pose significant health risks and production challenges, particularly when exposed to high temperatures and through excessive intake. Guidelines on the consumption of tropical oils in the tropical regions are necessary to regulate their consumption.

Asunto(s)

Aceite de Coco , Clima Tropical , Humanos , Aceite de Palma , Aceites de Plantas , Guías como Asunto