RESUMEN
Predicting the oil content of individual corn kernels using hyperspectral imaging and ML offers the advantages of being rapid and non-destructive. However, traditional methods rely on expert experience for setting parameters. In response to these limitations, this study has designed an innovative multi-stage grid search technique, tailored to the characteristics of spectral data. Initially, the study automatically screening the best model from up to 504 algorithm combinations. Subsequently, multi-stage grid search is utilized for improving precision. We collected 270 kernel samples from different parts of the ear from 15 high oil and regular corn materials, with oil contents ranging from 1.4% to 13.1%. Experimental results show that the combinations SG + NONE+KS + PLSR(R2: 0.8570) and MA + LAR+Random+MLR(R2: 0.8523) performed optimally. After parameter optimization, their R2 values increased to 0.9045 and 0.8730, respectively. Additionally, the ACNNR model achieved an R2 of 0.8878 and an RMSE of 0.2243. The improved algorithm significantly outperforms traditional methods and ACNNR model in prediction accuracy and adaptability, offering an effective method for field applications.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Zea mays , Zea mays/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Aceite de Maíz/química , Imágenes Hiperespectrales/métodos , Semillas/química , Aceites de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Oil-in-water emulsions (EM) have been extensively used for the encapsulation of lipophilic bioactive compounds and posterior incorporation into food matrices to obtain functional foods. Conversely, novel excipient oil-in-water emulsions (EXC) present identical composition and structure as EM, albeit are not bioactive by themselves since no bioactive compound is encapsulated. Instead, EXC aims at improving the bioavailability of foods' natural bioactive compounds upon co-ingestion with nutrient-rich foods. In this work, EM and EXC were produced and their stability and functionality as delivery systems for α-tocopherol compared. Emulsions were formulated with corn oil and lecithin, and their composition was optimized using experimental designs. Formulations produced with 3 % lecithin and 5 % oil attained smallest particles sizes with the lowest polydispersity index of all tested formulations and remained stable up to 60 days. Encapsulation of α-tocopherol did not have a significative impact on the structural properties of the particles produced with the same composition. α-tocopherol stability during in vitro digestion was superior in EM regardless the processing methodology (EM stability < 50 %, EXC stability < 29 %), indicating that EM offered greater protection against the digestive environment. α-tocopherol's bioaccessibility was significantly increased when encapsulated or when digested with added excipient emulsions (82-92 % and 87-90 % for EM and EXC, respectively). In conclusion, EM were more efficient vehicles for the selected bioactive compound, however, the good results obtained with EXC imply that excipient emulsions have a great potential for applications on foods to improve their natural bioactive compounds' bioavailability without the need of further processing.
Asunto(s)
Disponibilidad Biológica , Digestión , Emulsiones , Excipientes , Tamaño de la Partícula , alfa-Tocoferol , Emulsiones/química , alfa-Tocoferol/química , Excipientes/química , Lecitinas/química , Aceite de Maíz/química , Sistemas de Liberación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
An anti-interference colorimetric sensor array (CSA) technique was developed for the qualitative and quantitative detection of target heavy metals in corn oil. This method involves a binding mechanism that triggers changes in atomic energy levels and visible color changes. A custom-built olfactory visualization device was employed to gather spectral data, revealing distinct CSA color difference patterns. Subsequently, three pattern recognition algorithms were used to create an identification model for the target heavy metals. The results showed that the ACO-KNN (Ant Colony Optimization-K-Nearest Neighbor) model outperformed the other models, achieving accuracy rates of 90.28% and 89.58% for the calibration and prediction sets, respectively. The ACO-PLS (Partial Least Square) model was more stable with the lowest root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), which were 0.1730 and 0.1180, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of Pb and Hg were (0.3, 0.6, 1.1 and 2.2) x 10-3 mg/L, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Colorimetría , Contaminación de Alimentos , Metales Pesados , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Colorimetría/métodos , Colorimetría/instrumentación , Metales Pesados/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Límite de Detección , Aceite de Maíz/químicaRESUMEN
Pretreatment steps of current rapid detection methods for mycotoxins in edible oils not only restrict detection efficiency, but also produce organic waste liquid to pollute environment. In this work, a pretreatment-free and eco-friendly rapid detection method for edible oil is established. This proposed method does not require pretreatment operation, and automated quantitative detection could be achieved by directly adding oil samples. According to polarity of target molecules, the content of surfactant in reaction solutions could be adjusted to achieve the quantitative detection of AFB1 in peanut oil and ZEN in corn oil. The recoveries are between 96.5%-110.7% with standard deviation <10.4%, and the limit of detection is 0.17 µg/kg for AFB1 and 4.91 µg/kg for ZEN. This method realizes full automation of the whole chain detection, i.e. sample in-result out, and is suitable for the on-site detection of batches of edible oils samples.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos , Micotoxinas , Aceites de Plantas , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Micotoxinas/análisis , Aceites de Plantas/química , Límite de Detección , Aceite de Maíz/químicaRESUMEN
In this study, fractionated palm stearin, oleic acid, and linoleic acid were selected as the base materials to prepare human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) rich in OPO and OPL by enzymatic acidolysis combined with physical blending. Under optimum conditions, contents of OPO, OPL, and sn-2 palmitic acid in the OPO and OPL-rich triacylglycerols (TAGs) were higher than that in commercial OPO-rich TAGs, with values of 37.25%, 28.12%, and 79.44%, respectively. Physical blending the OPO and OPL-rich TAGs (47%), bovine milk fat (18%), sunflower oil (13%), coconut oil (13%), corn oil (8%), and palm oil (1%) can obtain HMFS with a fat composition that like HMF. The fatty acid, sn-2 saturated fatty acid, and TAG contents of HMFS were within the lower and upper limit of HMF. The lipolysis degree of infant formula (IF) with HMFS as fat source is 9.0% higher than that of commercial plant oil-based infant formula (PIF), and 3.4% lower than that of human milk. IF with HMFS as fat source released less saturated free fatty acids and more saturated monoacylglycerols during digestion than that of PIF, which would help improve the IF fat utilization by infants.
Asunto(s)
Digestión , Sustitutos de Grasa , Fórmulas Infantiles , Leche Humana , Aceite de Palma , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Leche Humana/química , Triglicéridos/química , Sustitutos de Grasa/química , Aceite de Palma/química , Lactante , Fórmulas Infantiles/química , Aceite de Girasol/química , Aceite de Coco/química , Lipólisis , Animales , Aceite de Maíz/química , Ácido Linoleico/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácido Oléico/química , Bovinos , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
This study explored how co-oleogelator type, concentration, and water addition affect lipid digestion and ß-carotene (ßC) bioaccessibility in corn oil oleogels. Oleogels containing 0.1% ßC, 20% glyceryl stearate (GS), with lecithin (L) or hydrogenated lecithin (HL) (at 0, 0.5, or 2.5%) and their water-filled counterparts (1% water) were examined. In vitro intestinal digestion revealed HL-oleogels experienced higher lipolysis due to their smaller crystal size enhancing surface area for lipase action, whereas L-oleogels presented lower digestibility, attributed to larger oil droplets and a minimized surface area. Water addition didn't significantly change lipid digestibility. ßC bioaccessibility was inversely related to co-oleogelator concentration, with L-oleogels demonstrating the largest decrease, likely due to less free fatty acids released for micelle formation. However, water-filled oleogels enhanced ßC bioaccessibility. These findings highlight that tailored microstructure in oleogels can control lipid digestion and ßC bioaccessibility, paving the way for designing efficient delivery systems for targeted nutrient delivery.
Asunto(s)
Disponibilidad Biológica , Digestión , Compuestos Orgánicos , beta Caroteno , beta Caroteno/química , beta Caroteno/metabolismo , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Compuestos Orgánicos/metabolismo , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Lípidos/química , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Aceite de Maíz/química , Aceite de Maíz/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of oils is a serious concern for the safety of edible oil consumers. Enzyme-assisted detoxification of AFB1 is an efficient and safe method for decontaminating oils, but pristine enzymes are unstable in oils and require modifications before use. Therefore, we designed a novel and magnetically separable laccase-carrying biocatalyst containing spent-mushroom-substrate (SMS)-derived biochar (BF). Laccase was immobilized on NH2-activated magnetic biochar (BF-NH2) through covalent crosslinking, which provided physicochemical stability to the immobilized enzyme. After 30 days of storage at 4 °C, the immobilized laccase (product named "BF-NH2-Lac") retained ~95 % of its initial activity, while after five repeated cycles of ABTS oxidation, ~85 % activity retention was observed. BF-NH2-Lac was investigated for the oxidative degradation of AFB1, which exhibited superior performance compared to free laccase. Among many tested natural compounds as mediators, p-coumaric acid proved the most efficient in activating laccase for AFB1 degradation. BF-NH2-Lac demonstrated >90 % removal of AFB1 within 5.0 h, while the observed degradation efficiency in corn oil and buffer was comparable. An insight into the adsorptive and degradative removal of AFB1 revealed that AFB1 removal was governed mainly by degradation. The coexistence of multi-mycotoxins did not significantly affect the AFB1 degradation capability of BF-NH2-Lac. Investigation of the degradation products revealed the transformation of AFB1 into non-toxic AFQ1, while corn oil quality remained unaffected after BF-NH2-Lac treatment. Hence, this study holds practical importance for the research, knowledge-base and industrial application of newly proposed immobilized enzyme products.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxina B1 , Carbón Orgánico , Aceite de Maíz , Enzimas Inmovilizadas , Lacasa , Lacasa/metabolismo , Lacasa/química , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/metabolismo , Enzimas Inmovilizadas/química , Carbón Orgánico/química , Aflatoxina B1/química , Aflatoxina B1/metabolismo , Aceite de Maíz/química , Porosidad , ReciclajeRESUMEN
In the global context of environmental awareness, the present research proposes a sustainable alternative to the widely used petroleum-based epoxy coatings. Epoxidized corn oil (ECO) was tested as potential matrix for advanced nanocomposite coating materials reinforced with 0.25 to 1 wt.% single-walled carbon nanotubes (SW) with carboxyl and amide functionalities. The elemental composition of the epoxy networks was monitored by XPS, showing the increase of O/C ratio to 0.387 when carboxyl-functionalized SW are added. To achieve sustainable composite materials, citric acid was used as curing agent, as a substitute for conventional counterparts. The influence of both surface functional groups and concentration of SW was evaluated through structural and thermo-mechanical analysis. The progressive increase of the DSC enthalpy for SW formulated systems indicates a possible pattern for specific interactions within the bio-based epoxy translated by adjusted activation energy. For 1% neat SW addition, the Ea values decreased to 46 kJ/mol in comparison with 53 kJ/mol calculated for neat epoxy. Furthermore, the -COOH groups from SW nanostructures exerted a strong influence over the mechanical performance of bio-epoxy networks, improving the crosslinking density with ~ 60% and twofold the storage modulus value. Accordingly, by gradual addition of SW-COOH filler within the ECO-based formulations, a very consistent behaviour in seawater was noted, with a 28% decreased value for the absorption degree.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Maíz , Nanotubos de Carbono , Nanotubos de Carbono/química , Aceite de Maíz/química , Compuestos Epoxi/química , Nanocompuestos/químicaRESUMEN
We aimed to obtain the optimal formula for human milk fat substitute (HMFS) through a combination of software and an evaluation model and further verify its practicability through an animal experiment. The results showed that a total of 33 fatty acid (FA) and 63 triglyceride (TAG) molecular species were detected in vegetable oils. Palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, 18:1/16:0/18:1, 18:2/16:0/18:2, 18:1/18:1/18:1 and 18:1/18:2/18:1, were the main molecular species among the FAs and TAGs in the vegetable oils. Based on the HMFS evaluation model, the optimal mixed vegetable oil formula was blended with 21.3% palm oil, 2.8% linseed oil, 2.6% soybean oil, 29.9% rapeseed oil and 43.4% maize oil, with the highest score of 83.146. Moreover, there was no difference in the weight, blood routine indices or calcium and magnesium concentrations in the feces of the mice between the homemade mixed vegetable oil (HMVO) group and the commercial mixed vegetable oil (CMVO) group, while nervonic acid (C24:1) and octanoic acid (C8:0) were absorbed easily in the HMVO group. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the mixing of the different vegetable oils was feasible via a combination of computer software and an evaluation model and provided a new way to produce HMFS.
Asunto(s)
Sustitutos de Grasa , Ácidos Grasos , Leche Humana , Aceites de Plantas , Programas Informáticos , Triglicéridos , Humanos , Animales , Aceites de Plantas/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Leche Humana/química , Ratones , Triglicéridos/química , Sustitutos de Grasa/química , Aceite de Palma/química , Aceite de Soja/química , Aceite de Linaza/química , Aceite de Brassica napus/química , Aceite de Maíz/química , Caprilatos/química , Ácido Palmítico/química , Ácido Oléico/químicaRESUMEN
RuBisCO is a plant protein that can be derived from abundant and sustainable natural resources (such as duckweed), which can be used as both an emulsifying and gelling agent. Consequently, it has the potential to formulate emulsion gels that can be used for the development of plant-based replacements of whole eggs. In this study, we investigated the ability of RuBisCO-based emulsion gels to mimic the desirable properties of whole eggs. The emulsion gels contained 12.5 wt% RuBisCO and 10 wt% corn oil to mimic the macronutrient composition of real whole eggs. Initially, an oil-in-water emulsion was formed, which was then heated to convert it into an emulsion gel. The impact of oil droplet diameter (â¼15, 1, and 0.2 µm) on the physicochemical properties of the emulsion gels was investigated. The lightness and hardness of the emulsion gels increased as the droplet size decreased, which meant that their appearance and texture could be modified by controlling droplet size. Different concentrations of curcumin (3, 6, and 9 mg/g oil) were incorporated into the emulsions using a pH-driven approach. The curcumin was used as a natural dual functional ingredient (colorant and nutraceutical). The yellow-orange color of curcumin allowed us to match the appearance of raw and cooked whole eggs. This study shows that whole egg analogs can be formulated using plant-based emulsion gels containing natural pigments.
Asunto(s)
Huevos , Emulsiones , Geles , Emulsiones/química , Huevos/análisis , Geles/química , Curcumina/química , Ribulosa-Bifosfato Carboxilasa/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Aceite de Maíz/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Emulsionantes/química , ColorRESUMEN
In these studies, Fluorescence spectroscopy has been utilized for the characterization of pure and commercially available corn oil. The best excitation wavelength of 380 nm has been investigated, where maximum spectral information can be assessed. The emission spectra from pure and commercial corn oil samples disclosed that pure corn oil contained oleic acid, beta-carotenes, chlorophylls, isomers of vitamin E and traces of oxidized products which exhibit fluorescence at 406, 525, 675, 440 and 435/475 nm respectively. Whereas, commercial corn oils lack these valuable ingredients and only contain fats along with their primary and secondary oxidized products that emit a broad emission band centred at 440 nm. The study has also depicted that Fluorescence spectroscopy can even be used to select best quality corn oil among pure corn oil samples with different varieties and seed origins. In addition, the effect of temperature on the composition of pure and commercial corn oil samples have also been investigated by heating them at 100, 120,140, 160, 180 and 200 °C each sample for 30 min. This was done because corn oil is being used for cooking where it is generally heated up to 120 °C and for deep frying up to 180 °C. On heating, in pure corn oil, deterioration of Vitamin-E and beta-carotenes occurred with an increase in the oxidation products, whereas, in commercial oil samples, only the concentration of oxidation products increased. However, it was found that up to 140 °C, pure corn oil can be used safely for cooking purpose where it does not lose much of its valuable ingredients while in commercial corn oils, fat composition does not alter much up to 180 °C and after that oxidized products start to increase rapidly.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Maíz , Ácido Oléico , Aceite de Maíz/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Aceites de Plantas/química , Calor , Vitamina E , beta Caroteno , VitaminasRESUMEN
Surfactants have been used for decades in the food industry for the preparation of lipid-based emulsified food stuffs. They play two main roles in the emulsification processes: first they decrease the interfacial tension between the oil and water, facilitating droplet deformation and rupture; second, they reduce droplet coalescence by forming steric barriers. However, addition of surfactants to binary oil-water mixtures also brings up the formation of three-dimensional interfacial layers, surrounding each emulsion droplet, that significantly alter chemical reactivity. This is the case, for instance, in the inhibition reaction between antioxidants and the lipid radicals formed in the course of the spontaneous oxidation reaction of unsaturated lipids, which are commonly employed in the preparation of food-grade emulsions. The rate of the inhibition reaction depends on the effective concentrations of antioxidants, which are mostly controlled by the amount of surfactant employed in the preparation of the emulsion. In this work, we analyze the effects of the surfactant Tween 20 on the oxidative stability and on the effective concentrations of two model antioxidants derived from cinnamic acid, determining their interfacial concentrations in the intact emulsions to avoid disrupting the existing equilibria and biasing results. For this purpose, a recently developed methodology was employed, and experimental results were interpreted on the grounds of a pseudophase kinetic model.
Asunto(s)
Cinamatos/química , Aceite de Maíz/química , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Emulsionantes/química , Emulsiones/química , Polisorbatos/química , Tensoactivos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Oxidación-Reducción , Tensión Superficial , AguaRESUMEN
Lipid-based formulations, such as self-microemulsifying drug-delivery systems (SMEDDSs), are promising tools for the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, failure to maintain adequate aqueous solubility after coming into contact with gastrointestinal fluids is a major drawback. In this study, we examined the use of a novel cinnamic acid-derived oil-like material (CAOM) that binds drugs with a high affinity through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions, as an oil core in a SMEDDS for the oral delivery of fenofibrate in rats. The use of the CAOM in the SMEDDS resulted in an unprecedented enhancement in fenofibrate bioavailability, which exceeded the bioavailability values obtained using SMEDDSs based on corn oil, a conventional triglyceride oil, or Labrasol, an enhancer of intestinal permeation. Further characterization revealed that the CAOM SMEDDS does not alter the intestinal permeability and has no inhibitory activity on P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux. The results reported herein demonstrate the strong potential of CAOM formulations as new solubilizers for the efficient and safe oral delivery of drugs that have limited water solubility.
Asunto(s)
Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Emulsiones/química , Excipientes/química , Fenofibrato/farmacocinética , Lípidos/química , Administración Oral , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Química Farmacéutica , Aceite de Maíz/química , Perros , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Liberación de Fármacos , Fenofibrato/administración & dosificación , Glicéridos/química , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Células de Riñón Canino Madin Darby , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Ratas , Solubilidad , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to use hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HP-ß-CD) as a novel carrier in solid SNEDDS and solid dispersions to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble dexibuprofen. The novel dexibuprofen-loaded solid SNEDDS was composed of dexibuprofen, corn oil, polysorbate 80, Cremophor® EL, and HP-ß-CD at a weight ratio of 45/35/50/15/100. This solid SNEDDS spontaneously formed a nano-emulsion with a size of approximately 120 nm. Unlike the conventional solid SNEDDS prepared with colloidal silica as a carrier, this dexibuprofen-loaded solid SNEDDS exhibited a spherical structure. Similar to the dexibuprofen-loaded solid dispersion prepared with HP-ß-CD, the transformation of the crystalline drug to an amorphous state with no molecular interactions were observed in the solid SNEDDS. Compared to the solid dispersion and dexibuprofen powder, solid SNEDDS significantly enhanced drug solubility and AUC. Therefore, HP-ß-CD is a novel potential carrier in SNEDDS for improving the oral bioavailability of dexibuprofen.
Asunto(s)
2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Emulsiones/química , 2-Hidroxipropil-beta-Ciclodextrina/farmacocinética , Animales , Aceite de Maíz/química , Aceite de Maíz/farmacocinética , Portadores de Fármacos/farmacocinética , Emulsiones/farmacocinética , Glicerol/análogos & derivados , Glicerol/química , Glicerol/farmacocinética , Ibuprofeno/análogos & derivados , Ibuprofeno/química , Ibuprofeno/farmacocinética , Masculino , Polisorbatos/química , Polisorbatos/farmacocinética , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Vitamin C (VC)-loaded oleogel (VCOG) with corn oil and monoglyceride stearate was used to replace lipid phase of margarine completely. The oxidative stability of VCOG was evaluated at 60±1°C in a lightproof oven for 18 days and the result showed that VCOG peroxide (> 6 days) and p-anisidine value (> 4 days) was significantly lower than that of bulk oil and VC-free oleogel (p < 0.05). Then, the margarine containing 79.70% VCOG (VCOGM) was in comparison with four commercial butter in sensory and physical characteristic. Results showed that firmness, solid fat content and trans fatty acid of VCOGM were in the lowest values while unsaturated fatty acid and adhesiveness of VCOGM was in the highest values. Furthermore, VCOGM presented the similar springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, score appearance, texture, taste and overall impression to some/all commercial butters selected in this research (p > 0.05). These results implied that VC-loaded oleogel was an excellent alternative of lipid phase in margarine which confirmed by 55% "definitely buy" and 25% "try once-then decide".
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/química , Aceite de Maíz/química , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/química , Margarina , Monoglicéridos/química , Estearatos/química , Mantequilla , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Humanos , Compuestos Orgánicos/química , Oxidación-Reducción , Gusto , Triglicéridos/análisis , Triglicéridos/químicaRESUMEN
Zearalenone (ZEN), an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium fungi, is a common contaminant of cereal-based food worldwide. Due to frequent occurrences associated with high levels of ZEN, maize oil is a particular source of exposure. Although a European maximum level for ZEN in maize oil exists according to Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1126/2007 along with a newly developed international standard method for analysis, certified reference materials (CRM) are still not available. To overcome this lack, the first CRM for the determination of ZEN in contaminated maize germ oil (ERM®-BC715) was developed in the frame of a European Reference Materials (ERM®) project according to the requirements of ISO Guide 35. The whole process of CRM development including preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and value assignment is presented. The assignment of the certified mass fraction was based upon an in-house study using high-performance liquid chromatography isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Simultaneously, to support the in-house certification study, an interlaboratory comparison study was conducted with 13 expert laboratories using different analytical methods. The certified mass fraction and expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of ERM®-BC715 (362 ± 22) µg kg-1 ZEN are traceable to the SI. This reference material is intended for analytical quality control and contributes to the improvement of consumer protection and food safety.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Maíz/química , Zearalenona/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/normas , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Control de Calidad , Estándares de Referencia , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/normas , Zea mays/químicaRESUMEN
W/O/W emulsions were easily prepared by oleogelation of the oil phase using rice bran wax (RBX) and their microstructure, stability, rheology and protection of proanthocyanidins and ß-carotene were investigated. Formation of the W/O/W emulsion was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and staining of the inner aqueous phase by tartrazine. The average particle size and viscosity of the emulsion increased as the RBX concentration increased. Moreover, RBX increased the stability of the emulsion and the emulsion was the most stable when the RBX concentration was 8.0% or 10.0%. On the other hand, the W/O/W emulsions were used to simultaneously encapsulate proanthocyanidins and ß-carotene. Specifically, proanthocyanidins and ß-carotene in RBX-containing emulsions were more stable and had higher bioaccessibility than in the emulsion without RBX. Besides, both their chemical stability and bioaccessibility reached the maximum value when the RBX concentration was 8.0% or 10.0%. In summary, the optimal RBX concentration was 8.0%.
Asunto(s)
Emulsiones/química , Proantocianidinas/química , Aceite de Salvado de Arroz/química , beta Caroteno/química , Aceite de Maíz/química , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Proantocianidinas/farmacocinética , Reología , Viscosidad , Agua/química , beta Caroteno/farmacocinéticaRESUMEN
The fatty acid compositions, polymorphism, solid fat content (SFC), thermal properties, microstructure and rheological properties of fat blends of rice bran wax and corn oil (RWC) with low-melting-point fractions of cocoa butter (LFCB) in the range of 20-50% were investigated. With the raising content of LFCB, the hardness, SFC, storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') of blend samples increased. The unsaturated fatty acids of blend samples with different LFCB proportion were in the range of 60.42% to 71.25%. Two kinds of polymorphism were observed in blend samples, which were ß'-Form and ß-Form. During the crystallization process, the rice bran wax was first crystallized, and then induced a part of LFCB formed ß'-Form crystals and another LFCB formed the ß-Form crystals. The results show that the addition of LFCB could improve the plasticity of fat blends and reduce the difference in properties between them and commercial shortening.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Químicos , Aceite de Maíz/química , Cristalización , Grasas de la Dieta , Grasas/química , Aceite de Salvado de Arroz/química , Temperatura de Transición , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisisRESUMEN
SCOPE: The transgenerational impact of dietary fat remains unclear. Here, the role of maternal fat consumption as a modulator of gut microbial communities and infectious disease outcomes in their offspring is explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL/6 mice are fed isocaloric high-fat diets throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. Diets contained either milk fat (MF), olive oil (OO) or corn oil (CO), with or without fish oil. The pups born to maternally exposed mice are weaned on to chow and raised into adulthood. At 8 weeks, the offsprings are either euthanized for colonic 16S rRNA analysis or challenged with the enteric pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Maternal CO exposure resulted in unique clustering of bacterial communities in offspring compared with MF and OO. Diets rich in CO reduced survival in offspring challenged with C. rodentium. The addition of fish oil did not improve mortality caused by CO and worsened disease outcomes when combined with OO. Unlike the unsaturated diets, MF is protective with and without fish oil. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these data reveal that maternal intake of fatty acids do have transgenerational impacts on their offspring's bacteriome and enteric infection risk. Based on this study, saturated fats should be included in maternal diets.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/inmunología , Colitis/microbiología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Animales , Aceite de Maíz/química , Aceite de Maíz/farmacología , Citocinas/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/inmunología , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/química , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Aceite de Oliva/química , Aceite de Oliva/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Hydrophobic curcumin in temulawak extract and hydrophilic betacyanin in red dragon fruit extract are high-value bioactive compounds with extensive applications in functional food. In this study, these extracts were encapsulated in water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) nanoemulsions as a delivery system using a two-step high-energy emulsification method. PGPR and Span 20 were used as lipophilic emulsifiers for the primary w/o emulsion. The most stable w/o/w formulation with the least oil phase separation of 5% v/v consisted of w/o emulsion (15% w/w) and Tween 80 (1.5% w/w) as hydrophilic emulsifier. The formulation was characterized by a 189-nm mean droplet diameter, 0.16 polydispersity index, and -32 mV zeta potential. The freeze-thaw stability may be attributed to the combination of low w/o emulsion content and high Tween 80 concentration in the outer water phase of the w/o/w nanoemulsions used in this study. The IC50 values of the nanoemulsion and the red dragon fruit extract were similar. It means that the higher concentration of curcumin in the nanoemulsions and the lower IC50 value of temulawak extract ensured sufficient antioxidant activities of the w/o/w nanoemulsions.