RESUMEN
Exposure to storage mite (SM) and house dust mite (HDM) allergens is a risk factor for sensitization and asthma development; however, the related immune responses and their pathology have not been fully investigated. The HDMs Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and SM Tyrophagus putrescentiae are potent allergens that induce asthma. Most SM-related studies have focused on the allergic reactions of individuals by measuring their immunoglobulin (Ig)E expression. Considering the limited research on this topic, the present study aims to investigate the differences in the immune responses induced by HDMs and SMs and histologically analyze lung tissues in a mouse asthma model to understand the differential effects of HDM and SM. The results revealed that all mite species induced airway inflammation. Mice challenged with T. putrescentiae had the highest airway resistance and total cell, eosinophil, and neutrophil counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The SM-sensitized groups showed more severe lesions and mucus hypersecretions than the HDM-sensitized groups. Although the degree of HDM and SM exposure was the same, the damage to the respiratory lung tissue was more severe in SM-exposed mice, which resulted in excessive mucin secretion and increased fibrosis. Furthermore, these findings suggest that SM sensitization induces a more significant hypersensitivity response in mucosal immunity than HDM sensitization in asthma models.
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Asma , Pulmón , Pyroglyphidae , Animales , Ratones , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Pulmón/inmunología , Pulmón/patología , Asma/inmunología , Asma/patología , Femenino , Neumonía/inmunología , Neumonía/patología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/citología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Eosinófilos/patologíaRESUMEN
The occurrence of allergic diseases induced by aeroallergens has increased in the past decades. Among inhalant allergens, mites remain the important causal agent of allergic diseases. Storage mites- Tyrophagus putrescentiae are found in stored products or domestic environments. Major allergen Tyr-p3 plays a significant role in triggering IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. However, its effects on pulmonary inflammation, internalization, and activation in human epithelium remain elusive. Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are activated upon cleavage by proteases. A549 cells were used as an epithelial model to examine the PAR activation by Tyr-p3 and therapeutic potential of PAR-2 antagonist (GB88) in allergic responses. Enzymatic properties and allergen localization of Tyr-p3 were performed. The release of inflammatory mediators, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cell junction disruptions were evaluated after Tyr-p3 challenge. Enzymatic properties determined by substrate digestion and protease inhibitors indicated that Tyr-p3 processes a trypsin-like serine protease activity. The PAR-2 mRNA levels were significantly increased by nTyr-p3 but inhibited by protease inhibitors or GB88. Protease allergen of nTyr-p3 significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokine (IL-8), and IL-1ß in epithelial cells. nTyr-p3 markedly increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and MAP kinase. When cells were pretreated with GB88 then added nTyr-p3, the phosphorylated ERK1/2 did not inhibit by GB88. GB88 increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in human epithelium cells. GB88 is able to block PAR-2-mediated calcium signaling which inhibits the nTyr-p3-induced Ca2+ release. Among the pharmacologic inhibitors, the most effective inhibitor of the nTyr-p3 in the induction of IL-8 or IL-1ß levels was GB88 followed by SBTI, MAPK/ERK, ERK, and p38 inhibitors. Levels of inflammatory mediators, including GM-CSF, VEGF, COX-2, TSLP, and IL-33 were reduced by treatment of GB88 or SBTI. Further, GB88 treatment down-regulated the nTyr-p3-induced PAR-2 expression in allergic patients with asthma or rhinitis. Tight junction and adherens junction were disrupted in epithelial cells by nTyr-p3 exposure; however, this effect was avoided by GB88. Immunostaining with frozen sections of the mite body showed the presence of Tyr-p3 throughout the intestinal digestive system, especially in the hindgut around the excretion site. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Tyr-p3 from domestic mites leads to disruption of the airway epithelial barrier after inhalation. Proteolytic activity of Tyr-p3 causes the PAR-2 mRNA expression, thus leading to the release of numerous inflammatory mediators. Antagonism of PAR2 activity suggests GB88 as the therapeutic potential for anti-inflammation medicine, especially in allergy development triggered by protease allergens.
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Alérgenos/inmunología , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Receptor PAR-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Células A549 , Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/toxicidad , Células Epiteliales Alveolares/metabolismo , Animales , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/metabolismo , Inflamación/inmunología , Inflamación/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/inmunología , Proteínas de Insectos/toxicidad , Oligopéptidos/farmacología , Receptor PAR-2/inmunología , Mucosa Respiratoria/inmunologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only allergic disease-modifying therapy available for children and adults, and recombinant allergens are an interesting approach to improve allergy diagnosis and ASIT. Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a common storage mite that produces potent allergens. The aim of this study was to express and characterize recombinant group 4 allergen protein of T. putrescentiae (Tyr p 4), and to further investigate allergenicity and potential epitopes of Tyr p 4. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cDNA encoding Tyr p 4 was generated by RT-PCR and subcloned into pET-28a(+) plasmid. The plasmid was then transformed into E. coli cells for expression. After purification by nickel affinity chromatography and identification by SDS-PAGE, recombinant Tyr p 4 protein was used for a skin prick test and an ELISA to determine the allergic response. RESULTS: Study participants' allergic response rate to Tyr p 4 protein was 13.3% (16/120). Eight B-cell epitopes and three T-cell epitopes of Tyr p 4 were predicted. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to group 4 allergens of other species of mite, allergenicity of Tyr p 4 is weak. The expression, characterization and epitope prediction of recombinant Tyr p 4 protein provide a foundation for further study of this allergen in the diagnosis and ASIT of storage mite allergy.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Proteínas de Artrópodos/inmunología , Desensibilización Inmunológica/métodos , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , Acaridae/genética , Adulto , Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Alérgenos/genética , Alérgenos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Proteínas de Artrópodos/administración & dosificación , Proteínas de Artrópodos/genética , Proteínas de Artrópodos/aislamiento & purificación , Mapeo Epitopo , Epítopos de Linfocito B/genética , Epítopos de Linfocito B/inmunología , Epítopos de Linfocito T/genética , Epítopos de Linfocito T/inmunología , Agricultores , Femenino , Harina/efectos adversos , Harina/parasitología , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization to storage mites has mostly been related to occupational exposures like farming, grain/cattle handling, whereas for non-occupational settings, storage mite sensitization has been attributed to cross-reactivity with house dust mite (HDM) allergens. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the prevalence of allergic sensitization to storage mites, co-sensitization to HDM allergens and respiratory symptoms in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. METHODS: The population comprised of 1180 participants born 1945-1972 of the third follow-up of the population-based cohort European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) in Aarhus, Bergen, Reykjavik and Uppsala. A clinical examination included skin prick tests (SPT) to Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro and common inhalant allergens, as well as standardized interviews. RESULTS: 8% were sensitized to HDM and 10% to storage mite, with some variation by study centre: Reykjavik 13%, Bergen 8% and Aarhus 7%. In Uppsala, only L destructor (3%) was measured. Storage mite sensitization was higher among men (11%) than women (8%). Among storage mite sensitized, 44% were also sensitized to HDM. Storage mite sensitization was associated with asthma and nasal allergies, but not with age, education, pet keeping or place of upbringing. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this Northern European population-based study, allergic sensitization to storage mite was as common as HDM sensitization. Storage mite sensitization was, independently of HDM sensitization, associated with respiratory symptoms and asthma. Our findings suggest that storage mite sensitization should be evaluated with regard to inclusion into the common inhalant allergen panel in Northern Europe.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , Pruebas Cutáneas , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
House dust mites (HDMs) are the major constituents of house dust (HD). HD and HDM sensitization is well documented worldwide. Storage mite (SM) sensitization is presently lacking from India. The present study evaluated the sensitization of both HDM and SM among 372 allergic rhinitis patients reported to the Allergy and Asthma Research Center of Kolkata metropolitan, India. HD samples were collected from the patients' home and analyzed for the major constituent mites. HD and six constituent mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), Dermatophagoides farina Hughes (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) (DF), Blomia tropicalis (BT), Acarus siro Linnaeus (Acari: Acaridae) (AS), Lepidoglyphus destructor (LD), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acari: Acaridae) (TP) are tested for the allergenic potential through Skin Prick Test (SPT). Three SMs, namely AS, LD, and TP, were newly included in the mite SPT extract for the first time in Kolkata. In total, 330 patients showed significant positive SPT toward any one allergen tested. HD was the major elicitor exhibiting 92.42% response. Individuals of age group 15-40 were the worst sufferers. DF showed the highest sensitization (87.87%) among the dust mites. The SMs also contributed significantly to prove their sensitizing potential. SPT rates for AS, LD, and TP were 33, 25, and 18%, respectively. SPT grades and total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) were positively correlated for each of the allergens. Most of the patients were multi-sensitized (95%) and represented markedly high total IgE levels (>500 IU/ml). Three SMs proved to be significant allergens for the studied population. The sensitization toward these SMs is first time reported from India and can be recommended for inclusion of routine SPT for better outcome in the future.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , India/epidemiología , Masculino , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/sangre , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Allergies to various environmental factors, in particular mite species, represent a considerable healthcare burden with lost productivity resulting from symptoms including asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis. The complexity of mite species and the allergens that they produce complicates diagnosis and treatment; however, the advent of recombinant DNA technologies now allows clinicians to better pinpoint the specific sensitizing agents and creates new opportunities for avoidance or immunotherapy. Here we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of traditional and novel diagnostic and therapeutic platforms, with particular consideration given to multiplex tests able to generate patient-specific allergen profiles. Immunotherapies tailored to such profiles may be safer and more effective than generalized treatments, but many hurdles, including the costs associated with identifying the protein or protein combinations able to exert the safest and most beneficial effects, must be overcome before such therapies can be globally applied.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/inmunología , Proteínas de Artrópodos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Pruebas Inmunológicas , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/efectos adversos , Proteínas de Artrópodos/efectos adversos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/sangre , Hipersensibilidad/terapia , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Acaridae/inmunología , Agricultura , Alérgenos/inmunología , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad/etiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Animales , Endotoxinas/inmunología , Humanos , Inmunización , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Previous studies have highlighted the importance of lung-draining lymph nodes in the respiratory allergic immune response, whereas the lung parenchymal immune system has been largely neglected. We describe a new in vivo model of respiratory sensitization to Blomia tropicalis, the principal asthma allergen in the tropics, in which the immune response is focused on the lung parenchyma by transfer of Th2 cells from a novel TCR transgenic mouse, specific for the major B. tropicalis allergen Blo t 5, that targets the lung rather than the draining lymph nodes. Transfer of highly polarized transgenic CD4 effector Th2 cells, termed BT-II, followed by repeated inhalation of Blo t 5 expands these cells in the lung >100-fold, and subsequent Blo t 5 challenge induced decreased body temperature, reduction in movement, and a fall in specific lung compliance unseen in conventional mouse asthma models following a physiological allergen challenge. These mice exhibit lung eosinophilia; smooth muscle cell, collagen, and goblet cell hyperplasia; hyper IgE syndrome; mucus plugging; and extensive inducible BALT. In addition, there is a fall in total lung volume and forced expiratory volume at 100 ms. These pathophysiological changes were substantially reduced and, in some cases, completely abolished by administration of neutralizing mAbs specific for IL-4 and IL-13 on weeks 1, 2, and 3. This IL-4/IL-13-dependent inducible BALT model will be useful for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie asthma and the development of more effective drugs for treating severe asthma.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Asma/inmunología , Interleucina-13/inmunología , Interleucina-4/inmunología , Pulmón/inmunología , Tejido Linfoide/inmunología , Células Th2/inmunología , Traslado Adoptivo , Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Asma/fisiopatología , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/inmunología , Hiperreactividad Bronquial/fisiopatología , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inmunoglobulina E , Interleucina-13/administración & dosificación , Interleucina-4/administración & dosificación , Pulmón/citología , Pulmón/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/inmunología , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos T/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sensitisation to home aeroallergens (mites, furry animals and cockroaches) is predominant in patients in our and other areas. Covariation of sensitisation (CS) to these allergens could be due to cross-reactivity or parallel sensitisation. METHODS: Skin prick tests were performed to common and second-line home aeroallergens, shrimp and tropomyosin in 253 paediatric patients seen in our Unit due to chronic respiratory symptoms. CS among the main allergens was analysed by means of Cohen's kappa coefficient of concordance (κ). RESULTS: House dust mites (HDM) were the main allergens involved in sensitisation, followed by furry animals, pollens, storage mites (SM), moulds and cockroaches. CS was very good between D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae (κ=0.81), and good between Dermatophagoides andEuroglyphus (κ=0.71), and decreased markedly to poor (κ<0.20) between HDM and SM or cockroaches. CS among SM and cockroaches was moderate to fair (κ=0.21-0.44). CS was good between shrimp and tropomyosin (κ=0.62), but null between shrimp-tropomyosin and HDM (κ=0.01-0.02), and poor to fair between shrimp-tropomyosin and SM or cockroaches (κ=0.06-0.34). CS between cat and dog was moderate (κ=0.50). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown the usefulness of κ in exploring CS in a population. In our area, with high sensitisation to HDM and other home allergens, CS is limited for most pairs of allergens, pointing to a lower incidence of cross-reactivity than could be expected, especially between HDM and SM or other invertebrates
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Acaridae , Acaridae/inmunología , Pyroglyphidae , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Infestaciones por Ácaros/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Allergens of Dermatophagoides and Blomia species are well-characterized but not for other species. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of allergic sensitization to house dust (HDM) and storage mites (SM). One hundred adult subjects (aged ≥ 18) were recruited. The mite specific IgE of all allergic subjects were higher compared with healthy subjetcs despite being not statistically significant except for D. farinae and G. malaysiensis. The mean serum IgE levels against HDM and SM for allergic subjects were significantly higher compared with those in healthy subjects. They were mainly sensitized to Dermatophagoides farinae (35%) and Glycycometus malaysiensis (37%). Immunoblots revealed not all allergic subjects showed positive immuno-reactivity against the mites tested. Single or multiple bands were observed for different species. The subjects were commonly sensitized to Group 2 (9-12 kDa), 10 (38 kDa) and 18 (40-48 kDa) allergens. Twenty-one out of 60 allergic subjects were sensitized to either one or more species. The majority of them (71%) were sensitized to single species. The allergic subjects were mainly sensitized to D. pteronyssinus, followed by Tyrophagus putrecentiae and Aleuroglyphus ovatus. Seven were solely sensitized to HDM while 10 were solely sensitized to SM. Four subjects were sensitized to both. Pre-adsorption study revealed no cross-reactivity. There was difference between the prevalence and reactivity to allergens of HDM and SM in these subjects. Both ELISA and immunoblot did not correlate well but can complement each other in improving the detection of mite allergens to the species level.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Polvo/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Alérgenos/química , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Malasia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Peso Molecular , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common dermatosis, defined as a genetic-related disease which predisposes to skin inflammation and pruritus, associated to a IgE-specific response in most of cases. Clinical diagnosis may be later complemented by skin allergy and/or serological tests. The aim of these tests is to identify possible allergens in order to enable the clinicians to select candidate antigens for allergen specific immunotherapy. In the present study 58 CAD positive animals were tested. All were submitted to the intradermal test (IDT) and screened for the presence of antibodies against different antigens using ELISA. The obtained results show a high prevalence of sensitization among the tested dogs to house dust mites and to pollen ofC. dactylon. With this work it was possible to identify the main allergens involved in immunological response of dogs with CAD living in central area of Rio Grande do Sul.
A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma dermatose comum, definida como doença de cunho genético que predispõe à inflamação e ao prurido cutâneo, associados à resposta IgE específica na maior parte dos casos. O diagnóstico da DAC é clínico e pode ser posteriormente complementado por testes alérgicos cutâneos e/ou sorológicos. O objetivo desses testes é identificar possíveis alérgenos e, com isso, possibilitar ao clínico a seleção de antígenos candidatos para a imunoterapia alérgeno-específica. No presente estudo, foram testados 58 animais diagnosticados para DAC. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao teste cutâneo intradérmico (TID), e amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a realização de testes sorológicos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram elevada prevalência de sensibilização aos ácaros domiciliares e ao pólen da gramínea C. dactylon nos cães testados. Com este trabalho, foi possível identificar os principais alérgenos envolvidos na resposta imunológica de cães atópicos residentes na região central do Rio Grande do Sul.
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Animales , Perros , Acaridae/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/veterinaria , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Pruebas Intradérmicas/veterinaria , Pruebas Serológicas/veterinariaRESUMEN
Tropomyosin is a pan-allergen that shares a high homology among species. It is involved in cross-reactivity among mites, crustaceans, mollusks and insects. The objectives were to express and purify recombinant tropomyosin from the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus, and to investigate the homology and cross-reactivity with tropomyosin from other invertebrates. Recombinant C. arcuatus tropomyosin (r-Cho a 10) was selected from a library by screening with a pool of patient sera. r-Cho a 10 (UniProt: H2DFL1) was sequenced, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Polyclonal anti-tropomyosin antibodies were produced in mice. IgE recognition of r-Cho a 10 was checked by immunoblot. Immunoblot inhibition assays were used to identify the native tropomyosin in the complete extract from C. arcuatus and study cross-reactivity between r-Cho a 10 and Der p 10. Identification of tropomyosin in other allergenic sources was performed by immunoblot. r-Cho a 10 showed a high homology (54-96%) with other tropomyosins from different allergenic sources. IgE recognition was observed using a pool of sera from sensitized individuals. Tropomyosins from different extracts were identified not only in the whole C. arcuatus extract but also in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, shrimp, mussel, cockroach and Anisakis extracts with polyclonal α-Cho a 10. r-Cho a 10 completely inhibited the recognition of Der p 10. Recombinant C. arcuatus tropomyosin maintained its capacity to recognize IgE. r-Cho a 10 was used to prove cross-reactivity among tropomyosins from other invertebrate species, including mites. This is the first C. arcuatus allergen included in the WHO/IUIS (World Health Organization/International Union of Immunological Societies) Allergen Nomenclature database.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/inmunología , Tropomiosina/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Reacciones Cruzadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most frequent allergic diseases in dogs. There are many methods of treating its symptoms but specific immunotherapy has recently gained high popularity. Before the application of specific immunotherapy, it is necessary to identify the allergens provoking the reaction of hypersensitivity in the selected animal. This raises a question about the method of allergen identification the medical practitioner decides to use in order to obtain the most credible result. The authors of the present study decided to compare the results of intradermal allergic tests and the results of an IgE screening test carried out using the FcÉRIα receptor method. The aim of the study was to compare the results of both tests directed to dust and storage mites. The study proves that in case of the IgE screening tests (for a group of allergens), the sensitivity is quite high (85 to 90.69%) but the specificity of these tests is insufficient (25 to 50%). In case of antibodies for the selected mites the sensitivity and specificity was too low (65.1 to 89.4% for the sensitivity, with only 14.2 to 33.3% for the specificity). Only in case of D. petronyssinus the results were higher with the sensitivity calculated at 65.1% and the specificity at 80%. The IgE screening test carried out using the FcÉRIα receptor method is reliable only in case of screening test for mites and the intradermal allergic test remains the gold standard for allergy testing.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Pruebas Intradérmicas/veterinaria , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Animales , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate ocular allergies in patients at the Hospital do Servidor Publico Estadual de Sao Paulo (HSPE) and the correlations with serum allergen-specific immunoglobulin E levels. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal study of patients with ocular allergies who were treated at the Cornea and Immunology and Allergy Department. Patients underwent an ophthalmologic examination to identify their primary presenting signs and symptoms. The allergy types were divided into 4 groups. We conducted the following laboratory tests and measurements: blood count, eosinophil count, total serum IgE, and specific IgE. RESULTS: Among 61 patients, 16 (26.2%) had a clinical diagnosis of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, 23 (37.7%) had perennial allergic conjunctivitis, 19 (31.1%) had vernal keratoconjunctivitis, and 3 (4.9%) had atopic keratoconjunctivitis. Mixed dust mites were positive in 94.9% of patients. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (dp) and Dermatophagoides farinae (df) antigens were positive in 93.2% of patients followed by Blattella germanica, Blomia tropicalis, and mixed animal epithelia (81%, 75.9%, and 25.8%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Perennial allergic conjunctivitis was the most prevalent disorder and demonstrated higher positivity in class V/VI for specific antigens (mixed dust mites, dp, and df), indicating high antigenicity. Dust mites, D. pteronyssinus, D. farinae, B. germanica, and B. tropicalis were the primary triggers of the studied ocular allergies.
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Alérgenos/inmunología , Conjuntivitis Alérgica/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Acaridae/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/inmunología , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Niño , Preescolar , Cucarachas/inmunología , Eosinófilos/inmunología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Proteínas de Insectos/inmunología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The mite Blomia tropicalis has significant prevalence worldwide. Blo t 5 is a major B. tropicalis allergen that has been associated with sensitization and allergic symptoms in many asthmatic patients. Besides house dust, contaminated foodstuffs are an important source of exposure to B. tropicalis allergens. In this study, a double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using mAb 4D4 and biotinylated mAb 4G9 was done to detect Blo t 5 allergen in different types of raw and processed foods, including wheat, corn, rice, bean, wheat and corn flour, cake, and rusk, which were collected from retail stores in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Out of 88 samples, 38 (43.2%) were positive for Blo t 5 allergen with no significant statistical difference in positivity according to food type. In positive samples, the Blo t 5 concentration ranged from 10 ng/g to 790 ng/g. This study showed that Blo t 5 should be considered as an important allergen that presents a risk to the Egyptian population and should become a routine allergen in the skin prick test to improve the management of allergic disease.
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Acaridae/inmunología , Alérgenos/análisis , Grano Comestible , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Alérgenos/inmunología , Animales , Egipto , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Co-sensitization to house dust mites (HDMs) and storage mites (SMs) is very frequent, although the clinical relevance is not well established. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of sensitization and immunologic characterization of patients with positive skin prick test reactions to HDMs and SMs in 4 areas of Spain, selected according to high exposure to HDMs and variable exposure to SMs. METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine individuals with positive skin prick test reactions to HDMs and SMs were included. Specific IgE levels to different mite species and to Der p 1, Der p 2, and Der p 10 were determined. Immunoblots to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae extracts were carried out, and allergograms were obtained. Results of different areas were compared. RESULTS: A high rate of polysensitization to SMs was observed, although 12% of participants did not have specific IgE to any SM species. Sensitization to Dermatophagoides species, Der p 2, and L destructor were predominant, although significant differences were observed among areas depending on the grade of exposure to SMs. In areas with high exposure, the SM allergogram showed greater recognition of group 2 allergen. CONCLUSION: Sensitization patterns to SMs in patients sensitized to HDMs and SMs differ depending on the exposure to SMs. Sensitization, mainly to L destructor, seems to exist in areas with high exposure, possibly with group 2 allergens mainly involved. However, in areas with low SM populations, sensitizations observed by skin prick testing appear to be related to HDM exposure.
Asunto(s)
Acaridae/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad/inmunología , Pyroglyphidae/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/inmunología , Clima , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas Cutáneas , España , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Epicutaneous test made with dust mite antigens. OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the response of the epicutaneous test with Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen in atopic patients. METHODS: We patch tested 119 individuals, 48 with atopic dermatitis, 50 with respiratory allergy and 21 healthy controls. We compare the positive response frequency to a closed patch test using Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen in different concentrations and 48 and 96h reading times among those individuals. RESULTS: Six patients with atopic dermatitis (12.5%) and 4 with respiratory atopy (8.0%) had positive reactions. None of the non-atopic controls had a positive response. As the antigen concentration raised, the number of positive reactions to epicutaneous test raised as well. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a positive relation between Atopy Patch Test positive responses and Aleuroglyphus ovatus antigen concentration, no matter the kind of the atopic clinical expression.
Asunto(s)
Acaridae/inmunología , Dermatitis Atópica/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad Respiratoria/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Antígenos/administración & dosificación , Antígenos/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas del Parche , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: House dust mite (HDM) and storage mite (SM) stable fauna and their associated equine intradermal test (IDT) threshold concentrations (TCs) for the midwestern region of the USA are unknown. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine IDT TCs and serum IgE concentrations for two HDM and three SM species in clinically normal horses over two seasons, and to identify the mite taxa and habitats in a stable. ANIMALS: Thirty-eight clinically normal horses. METHODS: Threshold concentrations for HDMs and SMs were determined using IDT subjective measurements and a statistical model. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify serum IgE concentrations for the same mite species. A modified flotation method was used to identify morphologically HDMs and SMs. RESULTS: Subjective IDT TCs were as follows: 1:80,000 w/v for Dermatophagoides farinae in both seasons; 1:80,000 w/v in spring and 1:160,000 w/v in late summer for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; 1:40,000 w/v in spring and 1:20,000 w/v in late summer for Acarus siro; 1:20,000 w/v for Lepidoglyphus destructor in both seasons; and 1:20,000 w/v in spring and 1:10,000 w/v in late summer for Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Statistically significant associations for increased serum IgE and a positive IDT reaction were evident for D. farinae in the spring and D. pteronyssinus in both seasons. One mite from all four genera specific to this study was identified; however,two HDM and A. siro species were not detected.Conclusions and clinical importance This study established HDM and SM IDT dilution concentrations for the horses in this region. Exposure to diverse acaridae fauna may contribute to the pathogenesis of equine allergic disease.