RESUMEN
Myxospores discovered floating free in the bile of marine fishes from the south-central coast of Vietnam were identified using morphological and molecular methods, leading to the description of 2 new species. Ceratomyxa chauvanminhi n. sp. was detected in 16% (8/50) of cultured barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) specimens, and Ceratomyxa sekoi n. sp. was found in 20% (5/25) of wild largehead hairtail Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus specimens. The spores of C. chauvanminhi n. sp. are very shallowly ovoid, slightly crescent shaped, and 11.5 ± 0.5 (10.7-12.4) µm thick, 5.8 ± 0.2 (5.4-6.1) µm long, and 5.5 ± 0.2 (5.2-5.7) µm wide. Their posterior angles are slightly concave at 158.7° ± 4.2° (151.3°-164.8°), and they possess 2 equal spherical polar capsules 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.1-2.9) µm in diameter. The spores of C. sekoi n. sp. are 5.6 ± 0.2 (5.0-6.1) µm long, 75.5 ± 4.8 (68.9-90.0) µm thick, and 5.5 ± 0.1 (5.4-5.6) µm wide, with 2 equal, slightly anterior spherical polar capsules 2.1 ± 0.2 (1.7-2.4) µm in diameter. Although C. sekoi n. sp. spores resemble those of species of MyxodavisiaZhao, Zhou, Kent, and Whipps, 2008, characterized by long tapering valves, genetic analyses distinctly place this new species within the Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 lineage. This study contributes to the understanding myxosporean diversity in Vietnamese waters and highlights the difficulty associated with distinguishing between the genera Ceratomyxa and Myxodavisia.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Vesícula Biliar , Myxozoa , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales , Perciformes , Filogenia , Animales , Vietnam , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Myxozoa/clasificación , Myxozoa/aislamiento & purificación , Myxozoa/genética , Myxozoa/anatomía & histología , Vesícula Biliar/parasitología , Perciformes/parasitología , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/parasitología , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Vesícula Biliar/parasitología , Enfermedades de la Vesícula Biliar/veterinaria , Peces/parasitología , Prevalencia , ADN Ribosómico/química , Smegmamorpha/parasitologíaRESUMEN
HALIOTREMA PTEROISI: Paperna, 1972 (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae) was found parasitizing the gill lamellae of devil firefish, Pterois miles (Bennet) (Perciformes: Scorpaenidae), in the Red Sea off Safaga (26°44'N, 33°56'E), Egypt. The parasite species was described based on morphological features of available specimens and transferred to PlatycephalotremaKritsky and Nitta, 2019 (Dactylogyridae) as Platycephalotrema pteroisi (Paperna, 1972) n. comb. The occurrence of Pl. pteroisi off Safaga, Egypt, represented a range extension for the helminth of about 160 km to the southwest of the southern end of the Gulf of Aqaba. The transfer of the species to Platycephalotrema based on an evaluation of morphological features was supported by an analysis of molecular sequences of the 28S rDNA gene of Pl. pteroisi and 49 other dactylogyrid species. Maximum-likelihood, Bayesian inference, and maximum parsimony analyses of this dactylogyrid sequence data revealed H. pteroisi to nest with significant support within the clade of Platycephalotrema spp. During the literature review of dactylogyrid species infecting scorpionfishes, it was determined that Ancyrocephalus sp. of Dyer et al. from luna lion fish Pterois lunulata Temminck and Schlegel collected off Okinawa-jima, Japan represented an undescribed species of Platycephalotrema.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces , Branquias , Perciformes , Filogenia , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Animales , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/epidemiología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Perciformes/parasitología , Branquias/parasitología , Océano Índico , Trematodos/clasificación , Trematodos/anatomía & histología , Trematodos/genética , Trematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Egipto , ADN de Helmintos/química , Platelmintos/clasificación , Platelmintos/anatomía & histología , Platelmintos/genética , Platelmintos/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Ribosómico/química , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Prevalencia , Teorema de BayesRESUMEN
Two new species of lung-dwelling nematodes are described from North American frogs: Rhabdias aurorae n. sp. from Rana aurora and Rhabdias conni n. sp. from Rana clamitans and Rana catesbeiana from Arkansas; the latter species was also found in Oklahoma and Georgia. Rhabdias aurorae n. sp. differs from other Nearctic congeners in the combination of the following characteristics: buccal capsule 22-25 µm wide, elongated tail covered with inflated cuticle, esophagus with prominent dilatation in anterior part and 6 small circumoral lips. Rhabdias conni n. sp. is morphologically closest to Rhabdias ranae Walton, 1929 and Rhabdias joaquinensisIngles, 1936; it differs from them in the shape of lateral pseudolabia, the dimensions of the body, and the egg size. Both new species were found to be significantly different from the Nearctic congeners in the nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA (18S-ITS-28S region), 12S, and CO1 mitochondrial genes. The 2 new species differ from other currently sequenced Nearctic congeners by 1.1-2.7% of nucleotide positions in the nuclear rDNA region, 1.3-3.4% in the 12S gene, and 3.4-9.4% in CO1 gene. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences placed both new species into the clade consisting of Nearctic and Neotropical Rhabdias spp. The position of Rh. aurorae n. sp. within the clade is uncertain because of a polytomy, but Rh. conni n. sp. is nested within the "Rh. joaquinensis complex" related to Rh. ranae and Rhabdias tarichaeKuzmin, Tkach, and Snyder, 2003. The phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences has revealed 3 evolutionary host-switching events from anuran to caudatan hosts among Rhabdias spp. that occurred in the Nearctic and Palearctic. The molecular phylogeny also suggests that Rhabdias may have originally evolved in what is now Africa.
Asunto(s)
ADN Ribosómico , Filogenia , Ranidae , Infecciones por Rhabditida , Animales , Ranidae/parasitología , Masculino , Femenino , Infecciones por Rhabditida/parasitología , Infecciones por Rhabditida/veterinaria , ADN Ribosómico/química , Georgia , Oklahoma , Arkansas , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Pulmón/parasitología , ADN de Helmintos/química , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Rhabditoidea/clasificación , Rhabditoidea/genética , Rhabditoidea/anatomía & histología , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinariaRESUMEN
Piroplasm including Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in cattle can cause illness that affects livestock productivity, resulting in significant production losses, especially in tropical and subtropical regions such as Thailand. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bovine piroplasms and to identify these blood parasites based on the 18S ribosomal RNA gene in cattle in the northeastern part of Thailand. Piroplasmid infections among beef and dairy cattle were examined using nested PCR. Furthermore, amplicon DNA was sequenced and analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships of the parasite in each area. A total of 141 out of 215 (65.6%) cattle were positive for infection with Babesia or Theileria. DNA analysis revealed that infection by Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis, and Theileria sp. were common piroplasms in cattle in this region, with a high sequence shared identity and similarity with each other and clustered with isolates from other countries. This study provides information on the molecular epidemiology and genetic identification of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in beef and dairy cattle to provide a better understanding of piroplasm infection in cattle in this region, which will help control these blood parasites. Moreover, this is the first report identifying T. sinensis circulating among Thai cattle.
Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , ADN Protozoario , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria , Theileriosis , Animales , Bovinos , Tailandia/epidemiología , Theileria/genética , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Theileria/clasificación , Babesiosis/parasitología , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , ADN Protozoario/genética , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Variación Genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , Análisis por ConglomeradosRESUMEN
The intestinal microbiota assumes a pivotal role in modulating host metabolism, immune responses, overall health, and additional physiological dimensions. The structural and functional characteristics of the intestinal microbiota may cause alterations within the host's body to a certain extent. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with environmental factors, dietary habits, and other pertinent conditions. The investigation into the gut microbiota of yaks remained relatively underexplored. An examination of yak gut microbiota holds promise in elucidating the complex relationship between microbial communities and the adaptive responses of the host to its environment. In this study, yak were selected from two distinct environmental conditions: those raised in sheds (NS, n=6) and grazed in Nimu County (NF, n=6). Fecal samples were collected from the yaks and subsequently processed for analysis through 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing methodologies. The results revealed that different feeding styles result in significant differences in the Alpha diversity of fungi in the gut of yaks, while the gut microbiota of captive yaks was relatively conserved. In addition, significant differences appeared in the abundance of microorganisms in different taxa, phylum Verrucomicrobiota was significantly enriched in group NF while Firmicutes was higher in group NS. At the genus level, Akkermansia, Paenibacillus, Roseburia, Dorea, UCG_012, Anaerovorax and Marvinbryantia were enriched in group NF while Desemzia, Olsenella, Kocuria, Ornithinimicrobium and Parvibacter were higher in group NS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the function of gut microbiota between the two groups. The observed variations are likely influenced by differences in feeding methods and environmental conditions both inside and outside the pen. The findings of this investigation offer prospective insights into enhancing the yak breeding and expansion of the yak industry.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Heces , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Animales , Bovinos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Heces/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , China , Filogenia , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Hongos/clasificación , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Hongos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , BiodiversidadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous inflammatory disease of the subcutaneous tissue, which affects deep structures and bone. Most cases of actinomycetoma are caused by members of the genus Nocardia. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report the case of a 43-year-old male who presented a disseminated mycetoma on the forearm, chest and neck, characterized by enlarged and erythematous lesions through which seropurulent material drains, and numerous atrophic scars. Molecular identification was performed by 16S gene amplification and sequencing. Nocardia mexicana was identified with 100% identity. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, diaminodiphenyl sulfone and amikacin was a successful treatment after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Nocardia mexicana is a rare organism that causes mycetoma. We report a case of extensive mycetoma on the forearm with spread to the neck and thorax associated with manipulation of the mouth of a calf.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Antebrazo , Micetoma , Cuello , Nocardiosis , Nocardia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Tórax , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Nocardia/aislamiento & purificación , Nocardia/genética , Micetoma/microbiología , Micetoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Micetoma/diagnóstico , Nocardiosis/microbiología , Nocardiosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Nocardiosis/diagnóstico , Antebrazo/microbiología , Antebrazo/patología , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagen , Tórax/microbiología , Cuello/patología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Combinación Trimetoprim y Sulfametoxazol/uso terapéutico , Amicacina/uso terapéutico , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
The North African hedgehog (Atelerix algirus) is an introduced species from Northwest Africa and is currently distributed in the Canary Islands. This species of hedgehog has been studied as a reservoir of enteropathogens, including Cryptosporidium spp. However, there are no data at species level. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify the Cryptosporidium species present in a population of hedgehogs (n = 36) in the Canary Islands. Molecular screening was performed using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene of Cryptosporidium spp. Seven of the 36 fecal samples (19.45%) were positive and confirmed by nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene and Sanger sequencing. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris were identified in 11.1% (4/36) and 5.6% (2/36) of the samples, respectively, while one sample could only be identified at the genus level. The zoonotic subtypes IIdA15G1 (n = 1), IIdA16G1b (n = 1), and IIdA22G1 (n = 1) of C. parvum were identified by nested PCR followed by analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene sequence. This study is the first genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. in A. algirus, identifying zoonotic species and subtypes of the parasite.
Asunto(s)
Criptosporidiosis , Cryptosporidium , Erizos , Filogenia , Animales , Criptosporidiosis/parasitología , Criptosporidiosis/epidemiología , Cryptosporidium/genética , Cryptosporidium/clasificación , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Protozoario/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , Heces/parasitología , Genotipo , Erizos/parasitología , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , EspañaRESUMEN
Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is a global worldwide infection, which can lead to the death of animals. Despite the causative agents of EP being well studied, there are no data on the distribution and genetic characteristics of EP agents in any region of Russia. In this study, blood samples from 750 horses from Novosibirsk province, Irkutsk province, and Altai region of Russian Siberia were examined for the presence of EP agents. Theileria equi and Babesia caballi were detected in all examined regions, with mean prevalence rates of 60.4% and 7.2%, respectively. The identified pathogens were genetically characterized by the 18S rRNA gene. The determined T. equi sequences were highly conserved and belonged to genotypes A and E, with genotype E being found in 88.6% of genotyped samples. In contrast to T. equi, B. caballi sequences were genetically diverse. Seven sequence variants of B. caballi were identified, and only two of them matched known sequences from the GenBank database. The determined B. caballi sequences belonged to four distinct branches within genotype A. Mixed infections with several variants of B. caballi or with T. equi and B. caballi were common. The conducted phylogenetic analysis based on all available B. caballi sequences of the 18S rRNA gene (> 900 bp) from GenBank and from this study first demonstrated the presence of five monophyletic clusters within genotype A and three clusters within genotype B. Thus, the genetic study of B. caballi from Siberia has significantly expanded the data on the genetic diversity of this pathogen.
Asunto(s)
Babesia , Babesiosis , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria , Theileriosis , Animales , Theileria/genética , Theileria/clasificación , Theileria/aislamiento & purificación , Babesia/genética , Babesia/clasificación , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/epidemiología , Babesiosis/parasitología , Caballos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/epidemiología , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Prevalencia , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , ADN Protozoario/genética , Siberia/epidemiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoa commonly found in domestic and wild animals. Limited information is available on Cryptosporidium in deer worldwide. In this study, 201 fecal samples were collected from Alpine musk deer on three farms in Gansu Province, China. Detection and subtyping of Cryptosporidium were performed by PCR and sequence analysis of the SSU rRNA and gp60 genes. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in Alpine musk deer was 3.9% (8/201), with infection rates of 1.0% (1/100), 2.8% (1/36), and 9.2% (6/65) in three different farms. All positive samples for Cryptosporidium were from adult deer. Two Cryptosporidium species were identified, including C. parvum (n = 2) and C. xiaoi (n = 6). The C. parvum isolates were subtyped as IIdA15G1, while the C. xiaoi isolates were subtyped as XXIIIa (n = 2) and XXIIIg (n = 4). The IIdA15G1 subtype of C. parvum was found for the first time in deer. These results provide important insights into the identity and human infectious potential of Cryptosporidium in farmed Alpine musk deer.
Asunto(s)
Criptosporidiosis , Cryptosporidium , Ciervos , Heces , Animales , Ciervos/parasitología , Criptosporidiosis/parasitología , Criptosporidiosis/epidemiología , Cryptosporidium/genética , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Cryptosporidium/clasificación , China/epidemiología , Heces/parasitología , Prevalencia , ADN Protozoario/genética , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Genotipo , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
Leech specimens of the genus Pontobdella (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) were found off the coast of the state of Oaxaca (Pacific) as well as in Veracruz and Tabasco (Gulf of Mexico), Mexico. Based on the specimens collected in Oaxaca, a redescription of Pontobdella californiana is provided, with emphasis on the differences in the reproductive organs with the original description of the species. In addition, leech cocoons assigned to P. californiana were found attached to items hauled by gillnets and studied using scanning electron microscopy and molecular approaches. Samples of Pontobdella macrothela were found in both Pacific and Atlantic oceans, representing new geographic records. The phylogenetic position of P. californiana is investigated for the first time, and with the addition of Mexican samples of both species, the phylogenetic relationships within Pontobdella are reinvestigated. Parsimony and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis were based on mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase subunit I [COI] and 12S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA and 28S rRNA) DNA sequences. Based on our results, we confirm the monophyly of Pontobdella and the pantropical distribution of P. macrothela with a new record in the Tropical Eastern Pacific.
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Sanguijuelas , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Filogenia , Animales , Sanguijuelas/clasificación , Sanguijuelas/genética , Sanguijuelas/anatomía & histología , México , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo/veterinaria , Océano Pacífico , Océano Atlántico , ADN Ribosómico/química , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genética , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Golfo de México/epidemiología , Complejo IV de Transporte de Electrones/genética , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/parasitología , Infestaciones Ectoparasitarias/veterinaria , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Alineación de Secuencia/veterinaria , Funciones de Verosimilitud , Peces/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Theileria orientalis, the causal agent of oriental theileriosis, is known to cause mild disease in cattle and buffalo across the world. Recently, different genotypes of T. orientalis have emerged as pathogenic, causing high reported morbidity in cattle. This study focuses on investigating three suspected outbreaks of oriental theileriosis that resulted in fatalities among crossbred and indigenous bulls in Karnataka, India. Examination of blood smears revealed the presence of T. orientalis piroplasms within erythrocytes. The genetic characterization of T. orientalis was conducted by targeting specific markers, including the mpsp gene, p23 gene, and ribosomal DNA markers (18S rRNA gene, ITS-1, and ITS-2). Analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene unveiled the presence of both Type A and Type E genotypes of T. orientalis in the outbreaks. The mpsp gene-based analysis identified genotype 7 of T. orientalis in crossbred cows, whereas genotype 1 (Chitose B) was found to be present in indigenous bulls. Haplotype network analysis based on the mpsp gene revealed the presence of 39 distinct haplotypes within the 12 defined genotypes of T. orientalis with a high haplotype diversity of 0.9545 ± 0.017. Hematological and biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in calcium, hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and phosphorus. This study constitutes the initial documentation of a clinical outbreak of oriental theileriosis in indigenous bulls with genotype 1 (Chitose 1B). Substantial epidemiological investigations are imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the geographical distribution of distinct genotypes and the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease across various hosts.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades , Variación Genética , Genotipo , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Theileria , Theileriosis , Animales , Theileria/genética , Theileria/clasificación , Bovinos , Theileriosis/epidemiología , Theileriosis/parasitología , India/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades/veterinaria , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Masculino , ADN Protozoario/genética , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Proteínas Protozoarias/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
Sarcocystis spp. are apicomplexan cyst-forming parasites that can infect numerous vertebrates, including birds. Sarcosporidiosis infection was investigated in three muscles (breast, right and left thigh muscle) and one organ (heart) of four Razorbill auks (Alca torda) stranded between November and December 2022 on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea in Nabeul and Bizerte governorates, Northern Tunisia. Two of the four tested A. torda were PCR positive for 18S rRNA Sarcocystis spp. gene. Among the examined 16 muscles/organs, only one breast and one right thigh were Sarcocystis spp. PCR-positive (12.5% ± 8.3, 2/16). Our results showed a relatively high molecular prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in Razorbill auks (A. torda). Sarcocystis spp. sequence described in the present study (GenBank number: OR516818) showed 99.56-100% identity to Sarcocystis falcatula. In conclusion, our results confirmed the infection of Razorbill auks (A. torda) by S. falcatula. Further research is needed on different migratory seabirds' species in order to identify other Sarcocystis species.
Asunto(s)
ARN Ribosómico 18S , Sarcocystis , Sarcocistosis , Sarcocystis/genética , Sarcocystis/aislamiento & purificación , Sarcocystis/clasificación , Animales , Sarcocistosis/veterinaria , Sarcocistosis/parasitología , Sarcocistosis/epidemiología , Túnez/epidemiología , Mar Mediterráneo , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , ADN Protozoario/genética , Filogenia , Charadriiformes/parasitología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Rodents are one of the most abundant and diverse species of mammals and have recently been identified as carriers of numerous human pathogens. The current study was conducted to assess the prevalence, subtype (STs) distribution, and zoonotic potential of Blastocystis spp. in various species of rodents in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. METHODS: For this aim, a total of 120 fresh fecal samples were collected from Mus musculus (n = 40), Rattus norvegicus (n = 40), and Rattus rattus (n = 40) in various municipality districts of Shiraz (6 out of 10 districts) between February and November 2020. Upon detecting parasites using light microscopy, a DNA fragment of the Blastocystis SSU rDNA gene was amplified using conventional PCR. RESULTS: By employing direct wet mount examination, 8 out of 120 fecal samples (6.7%; 2 from house mice, 3 from black rats, and 3 from brown rats) tested positive. Similarly, 5% (2/40) of house mice, 7.5% (3/40) of black rats, and 7.5% (3/40) of brown rats tested positive using the molecular method. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Blastocystis infecting different rodent species in Shiraz belonged to two potentially zoonotic STs (ST1 and ST4). Accordingly, rodents should not be overlooked as potential reservoirs of zoonotic Blastocystis infections. Different sampled urban districts and their statistical association with reported prevalence rates were analyzed separately. CONCLUSION: Overall, the issue of the frequency and ST distribution of Blastocystis in urban rodents of Iran is still open to question and for a proper understanding, wider and more comprehensive studies are needed.
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Infecciones por Blastocystis , Blastocystis , Heces , Filogenia , Enfermedades de los Roedores , Zoonosis , Animales , Irán/epidemiología , Blastocystis/genética , Blastocystis/aislamiento & purificación , Blastocystis/clasificación , Infecciones por Blastocystis/epidemiología , Infecciones por Blastocystis/parasitología , Infecciones por Blastocystis/veterinaria , Zoonosis/parasitología , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Ratas/parasitología , Ratones , Heces/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Roedores/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Roedores/parasitología , Humanos , ADN Protozoario/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
Cryptosporidia (Cryptosporidium) is a protozoan that is widely parasitic in the intestinal cells of humans and animals, and it is also an important zoonotic parasite. However, there is no epidemiological investigation on Cryptosporidium spp. infection in infants with diarrhea of Inner Mongolia, the largest livestock region in China. To investigate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium, 2435 fresh fecal samples were collected from children with diarrhea in Inner Mongolia Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium was carried out based on its 18S rRNA and gp60 gene sequences. The overall prevalence was 12.85% (313/2435), and in Hohhot (12.15%), it was lower than that in the surrounding city (14.87%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, Cryptosporidium was detected in different seasons and sexes. Concerning the age of children with diarrhea, the prevalence of those age groups between 0 and 1 was obviously lower than others, and there were significant differences in the prevalence at different ages (P < 0.001). Analysis of the 18S rRNA gene sequence revealed that all the positive samples were Cryptosporidium parvum, and there were 5 subtypes (IIdA23G3, IIdA24G3, IIdA24G4, IIdA25G3, and IIdA25G4). To the best of our knowledge, the above subtypes have not been reported. Our results provide a relevant basis for control and education on food safety and foodborne illness prevention.
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Criptosporidiosis , Cryptosporidium , Diarrea , Heces , ARN Ribosómico 18S , Humanos , Criptosporidiosis/epidemiología , Criptosporidiosis/parasitología , China/epidemiología , Lactante , Femenino , ARN Ribosómico 18S/genética , Masculino , Diarrea/epidemiología , Diarrea/parasitología , Preescolar , Heces/parasitología , Prevalencia , Cryptosporidium/genética , Cryptosporidium/aislamiento & purificación , Cryptosporidium/clasificación , Recién Nacido , Niño , ADN Protozoario/genética , Estaciones del Año , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Genotipo , Filogenia , Cryptosporidium parvum/genética , Cryptosporidium parvum/aislamiento & purificación , Cryptosporidium parvum/clasificación , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/químicaRESUMEN
During an ecological study with a near-endangered anuran in Brazil, the Schmidt's Spinythumb frog, Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961, we were given a chance to analyze the gastrointestinal tract of a few individuals for parasites. In this paper, we describe a new species of an allocreadiid trematode of the genus Creptotrema Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, which possesses a unique trait among allocreadiids (i.e., a bivalve shell-like muscular structure at the opening of the ventral sucker); the new species represents the fourth species of allocreadiid trematode parasitizing amphibians. Besides, the new species is distinguished from other congeners by the combination of characters such as the body size, ventral sucker size, cirrus-sac size, and by having small eggs. DNA sequences through the 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA further corroborated the distinction of the new species. Phylogenetic analyses placed the newly generated sequences in a monophyletic clade together with all other sequenced species of Creptotrema. Genetic divergences between the new species and other Creptotrema spp. varied from 2.0 to 4.2% for 28S rDNA, and 15.1 to 16.8% for COI mtDNA, providing robust validation for the recognition of the new species. Even though allocreadiids are mainly parasites of freshwater fishes, our results confirm anurans as hosts of trematodes of this family. Additionally, we propose the reallocation of Auriculostoma ocloya Liquin, Gilardoni, Cremonte, Saravia, Cristóbal & Davies, 2022 to the genus Creptotrema. This study increases the known diversity of allocreadiids and contributes to our understanding of their evolutionary relationships, host-parasite relationships, and biogeographic history.
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Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos , Humanos , Animales , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , Filogenia , Trematodos/genética , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , Anuros , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Brasil , ARN Ribosómico 28S/genéticaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: To date, a total of 2574 validated flea species have been discovered. Vermipsyllidae is a family of fleas that comprises at least eight species. Vermipsylla is a genus of the family Vermipsyllidae within the order Siphonaptera of fleas. Here a novel Vermipsylla species was described, and rickettsial agent was also detected in it. METHODS: A total of 128 fleas were collected directly from 260 pastured sheep in China. Of these, eight representative fleas (four males and four females) were identified by key morphological features. Meanwhile, 120 flea DNAs, including six flea samples for molecular taxonomy, were subjected to Rickettsia spp. DNA detection. The molecular identity of fleas was determined by amplification and sequenmce analysis of four genetic markers (the 28S rDNA genes, the 18S rDNA genes, the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and subunit II). In addition, five Rickettsia-specific gene fragments were used to identify the species of the rickettsial agents. The amplified products were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. RESULTS: The morphological characteristics of the flea species identified in this study were similar to Vermipsylla alakurt, but presented difference in hair number of the metepimeron, the third tergum, the genitals and the tibiae of hind leg. The 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and COII genetic markers from fleas showed the highest identity to those of V. alakurt, shared 98.45% (954/969), 95.81% (892/931) and 85.86% (571/665) similarities, respectively. However, the COI sequence showed the highest identity to that of Dorcadia ioffi with 88.48% (576/651) similarity. Rickettsia raoutii tested positive in 14.17% (17/120) flea DNA samples. CONCLUSION: Our study reports the detection of R. raoultii in V. alakurt-like fleas infesting sheep in China.
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Infestaciones por Pulgas , Filogenia , Rickettsia , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Siphonaptera , Animales , Rickettsia/aislamiento & purificación , Rickettsia/genética , Rickettsia/clasificación , Siphonaptera/microbiología , Ovinos , China , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Infestaciones por Pulgas/veterinaria , Infestaciones por Pulgas/parasitología , Masculino , Femenino , Infecciones por Rickettsia/veterinaria , Infecciones por Rickettsia/microbiología , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Bacteriano/genéticaRESUMEN
Gremmenia abietis (Dearn.) Crous (syn: Phacidium abietis) was originally described in North America to accommodate the species associated with snow blight of Abies and Pseudotsuga spp. In Japan, this species was first observed on the dead needles on Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis var. jezoensis in 1969. However, the identity of Japanese species was unclear due to the lack of molecular data and the absence of anamorph description. In this study, we collected fresh specimens from various conifer species (A. sachalinensis, A. veitchii, Pic. jezoensis var. jezoensis, Pic. jezoensis var. hondoensis, Pinus koraiensis, and Pin. pumila) in Japan and revised the taxonomy based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), nuc 28S rDNA (28S), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) regions indicated that the species belongs to Phacidiaceae. Conidiomata formed in vitro produced pyriform, hyaline conidia without mucoid appendage, which distinguished the species from phylogenetically related genera. Consequently, we established Chionobium takahashii to accommodate the snow blight fungus in Japan. Further phylogenetic analyses also indicated that C. takahashii includes several distinct clades corresponding to the host genera (Abies, Picea, Pinus). Morphological differences among those clades were unclear, suggesting that C. takahashii may contain host-specific cryptic species.
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Ascomicetos , Tracheophyta , Japón , Filogenia , Nieve , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , Ascomicetos/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/química , ADN de Hongos/genética , ADN de Hongos/químicaRESUMEN
A microaerobic (2% O2 v/v) biotrickle bed reactor supplied continuously with 2% methane to drive nitrate removal (MAME-D) was investigated using 16S rDNA and rRNA amplicon sequencing in combination with RNA-stable isotope probing (RNA-SIP) to identify the active microorganisms. Methane removal rates varied from 500 to 1000 mmol m-3h-1 and nitrate removal rates from 25 to 58 mmol m-3h-1 over 55 days of operation. Biofilm samples from the column were incubated in serum bottles supplemented with 13CH4. 16S rDNA analysis indicated a simple community structure in which four taxa accounted for 45% of the total relative abundance (RA). Dominant genera included the methanotroph Methylosinus and known denitrifiers Nubsella and Pseudoxanthomonas; along with a probable denitrifier assigned to the order Obscuribacterales. The 16S rRNA results revealed the methanotrophs Methylocystis (15% RA) and Methylosinus (10% RA) and the denitrifiers Arenimonas (10% RA) and Pseudoxanthomonas (7% RA) were the most active genera. Obscuribacterales was the most active taxa in the community at 22% RA. Activity was confirmed by the Δ buoyant density changes with time for the taxa, indicating most of the community activity was associated with methane oxidation and subsequent consumption of methanotrophic metabolic intermediates by the denitrifiers. This is the first report of RNA stable isotope probing within a microaerobic methane driven denitrification system and the active community was markedly different from the full community identified via 16S-rDNA analysis.
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Metano , Nitratos , Metano/metabolismo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ARN Ribosómico 16S/metabolismo , Nitratos/metabolismo , Desnitrificación , Isótopos , Oxidación-Reducción , Bacterias/metabolismo , Biopelículas , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , ADN Ribosómico/metabolismo , FilogeniaRESUMEN
The distribution of parasites is shaped by a variety of factors, among which are the migratory movements of their hosts. Israel has a unique position to migratory routes of several bird species leaving Europe to winter in Africa, however, detailed studies on the parasite fauna of birds from this area are scarce. Our study investigates occurrence and distribution of sibling species among Contracaecum rudolphii complex in Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis from Italy and Israel, to acquire further information on the geographical range of these species to gain deeper knowledge on the ecology of these parasites and their bird host. A total of 2383 Contracaecum were collected from the gastric mucosa of 28 great cormorants (18 from Israel and 10 from Italy). A subsample was processed for morphological analyses in light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and for molecular analyses through amplification and sequencing of the ITS rDNA and the cox2 mtDNA, and through PCR-RFLP. All the 683 Contracaecum subjected to molecular identification belonged to C. rudolphii s.l., (300 C. rudolphii A and 383 C. rudolphii B). SEM micrographs provided, for the first time, details of taxonomic structures in male specimens from both sibling species, and the first SEM characterization of C. rudolphii B. This work presents the first data on the occurrence of sibling species of C. rudolphii in Israel and provides additional information on the distribution of C. rudolphii A and B in Italy, confirming the high prevalence and intensity of infection observed in Ph. carbo sinensis from other Italian areas.
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Ascaridoidea , Enfermedades de las Aves , Animales , Masculino , Israel/epidemiología , ADN Ribosómico/química , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Italia , Ascaridoidea/genética , Aves/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Aves/epidemiología , Enfermedades de las Aves/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Among the milk contaminating microorganisms, those which are able to form heat-resistant spores are concerning, especially for dairy companies that use ultra-high temperature (UHT) technology. These spores, throughout storage, can germinate and produce hydrolytic enzymes that compromise the quality of the final product. This study evaluated 184 UHT milk samples from different batches collected from seven Brazilian dairy companies with a possible microbial contamination problem. The bacteria were isolated, phenotypically characterized, clustered by REP-PCR, and identified through 16S rDNA sequencing. The presence of Bacillus sporothermodurans was verified using biochemical tests (Gram staining, catalase and oxidase test, glucose fermentation, esculin hydrolysis, nitrate reduction, and urease test). According to these tests, none of the isolates presented typical characteristics of B. sporothermodurans. In sequence, the isolates, that presented rod-shapes, were submitted to molecular analyses in order to determine the microbial biodiversity existing among them. The isolates obtained were grouped into 16 clusters, four of which were composed of only one individual. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the sequences obtained from the 16S rDNA sequencing and some reference strains of species close to those found using BLAST search in the NCBI nucleotide database. Through this tree, it was possible to verify the division of the isolates into two large groups, the Bacillus subtilis and the Bacillus cereus groups. Furthermore, most isolates are phylogenetically closely related, which makes it even more difficult to identify them at the species level. In conclusion, it was possible to assess, in general, the groups of sporulated contaminants in Brazilian UHT milk produced in the regions evaluated. In addition, it was also possible to determine the biodiversity of spore-forming bacteria found in UHT milk samples, thus opening up a range of possible research topics regarding the effects of the presence of these microorganisms on milk quality.