RESUMEN
Natural products and their derivatives have been sources of search and research for new drugs for the treatment of neglected diseases. Naphthoquinones, a special group of quinones, are products of natural metabolites with a wide spectrum of biological activities and represent a group of interesting molecules for new therapeutic propositions. Among these compounds, lapachol stands out as a molecule from the heartwood of Tabebuia sp. whose structural changes resulted in compounds considered promising, such as epoxy-α-lapachone (ELAP). The biological activity of ELAP has been demonstrated, so far, for parasitic protozoa such as Leishmania spp., Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium spp., species causing diseases needing new drug development and adequate health policy. This work gathers in vitro and in vivo studies on these parasites, as well as the toxicity profile, and the probable mechanisms of action elucidated until then. The potential of ELAP-based technology alternatives for a further drug is discussed here.
Asunto(s)
Naftoquinonas , Parásitos , Trypanosoma cruzi , Humanos , Animales , Óxido de Etileno , Naftoquinonas/farmacología , Naftoquinonas/química , Naftoquinonas/uso terapéutico , QuinonasRESUMEN
The interaction of DNA with different block copolymers, namely poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(acrylamide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PAm), and poly (trimethylammonium chloride methacryloyoxy)ethyl)-block-poly(ethylene oxide), i.e., (PTEA)-b-(PEO), was studied. The nature of the cationic block was maintained fixed (PTEA), whereas the neutral blocks contained varying amounts of acrylamide or (ethylene oxide) units. According to results from isothermal titration microcalorimetry measurements, the copolymers interaction with DNA is endothermic with an enthalpy around 4.0 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PAm) and 5.5 kJ mol−1 of charges for (PTEA)-b-(PEO). The hydrodynamic diameters of (PTEA)-b-(PEO)/DNA and (PTEA)-b-(PAm)/DNA polyplexes prepared by titration were around 200 nm at charge ratio (Z+/−) < 1. At Z+/− close and above 1, the (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)50/DNA and (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)200/DNA polyplexes precipitated. Interestingly, (PTEA)50-b-(PAm)1000/DNA polyplexes remained with a size of around 300 nm even after charge neutralization, probably due to the size of the neutral block. Conversely, for (PTEA)96-b-(PEO)100/DNA polyplexes, the size distribution was broad, indicating a more heterogeneous system. Polyplexes were also prepared by direct mixture at Z+/− of 2.0, and they displayed diameters around 120−150 nm, remaining stable for more than 10 days. Direct and reverse titration experiments showed that the order of addition affects both the size and charge of the resulting polyplexes.
Asunto(s)
Óxido de Etileno , Polietilenglicoles , Polietilenglicoles/química , Cloruros , Polímeros/química , ADN/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Extracted human teeth are used to simulate dental procedures and are essential for practical education and research studies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different sterilization methods for extracted human roots and to assess the effects of these methods on dentin microhardness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The crowns of 40 mandibular incisors were removed. The roots were sectioned at 10 mm and divided into 4 groups (n = 10 per group): G1 - no sterilization (control); G2 - microwave radiation (650 W, 5 min); G3 - ethylene oxide (288°C, 3 h); and G4 - autoclave (121°C, 15 min). The roots were immersed in brain heart infusion (BHI) and incubated at 37°C in variable oxygen atmospheres. After 14 days, the samples were assessed for turbidity. Three slices were obtained from each root, and indentations were made at 30, 60 and 120 µm from the root canal lumen. The microbiological data was analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post-hoc test. Microhardness was evaluated by means of the twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The roots submitted to autoclaving were 100% sterile, which differed from the other methods (p < 0.05); the control specimens had 0% sterility. For microhardness, significant differences were found between the methods, particularly for the apical third (68.06 ±12.50) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although all the evaluated techniques reduced dentin microhardness, autoclaving should be used as the most reliable method of sterilization of extracted dental roots.
Asunto(s)
Dentina , Desinfección , Desinfección/métodos , Óxido de Etileno/farmacología , Dureza , Humanos , Incisivo , Oxígeno/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Silver nanoparticles are versatile platforms with a variety of applications in the biomedical field. In this framework, their presence in biological media inevitably leads to the interaction with proteins thus conducting to the formation of biomolecular coronas. This feature alters the identity of the nanomaterial and may affect many biological events. These considerations motivated the investigation of protein adsorption onto the surface of polymer-stabilized AgNPs. The metallic colloids were coated by polyethyleneimine (PEI), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-b-P2VP), and nanoparticle-protein interaction was probed by using a library of analytical techniques. The experimental data revealed a higher extent of protein adsorption at the surface of AgNPs@PVP whereas PEO-b-P2VP coating conducted to the least amount. The main component of the protein coronas was evidenced to be bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is indeed the protein at the highest abundancy in the model biological media. We have further demonstrated reduced cytotoxicity of the silver colloids coated by biomolecular coronas as compared to the pristine counterparts. Nevertheless, the protein coatings did not notably reduce the antimicrobial performance of the polymer-stabilized AgNPs. Accordingly, although the protein-repelling property is frequently targeted towards longer in vivo circulation of nanoparticles, we herein underline that protein coatings, which are commonly treated as artifacts to be avoided, may indeed enhance the biological performance of nanomaterials. These findings are expected to be highly relevant in the design of polymer-stabilized metallic colloids intended to be used in healthcare.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal , Corona de Proteínas , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Coloides , Óxido de Etileno , Polietileneimina/farmacología , Polímeros/farmacología , Povidona/farmacología , Corona de Proteínas/metabolismo , Piridinas , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Plata/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Scaffolds used to receive stem cells are a promising perspective of tissue regeneration research, and one of the most effective solutions to rebuild organs. In the near future will be possible to reconstruct a natural tooth using stems cells, but to avoid an immune-defensive response, sterilize the scaffold is not only desired, but also essential to be successful. A study confirmed stem cells extracted from rat's natural teeth, and implanted into the alveolar bone, could differentiate themselves in dental cells, but the scaffold's chemistry, geometry, density, morphology, adherence, biocompatibility and mechanical properties remained an issue. This study intended to produce a completely sterilized dental scaffold with preserved extracellular matrix. Fifty-one samples were collected, kept in formaldehyde, submitted to partial demineralization and decellularization processes and sterilized using four different methods: dry heating; autoclave; ethylene-oxide and gamma-radiation. They were characterized through optical images, micro-hardness, XRD, EDS, XRF, SEM, histology and sterility test. The results evidenced the four sterilization methods were fully effective with preservation of ECM molecular arrangements, variation on chemical composition (proportion of Ca/P) was compatible with Ca/P proportional variation between enamel and dentine regions. Gamma irradiation and ethylene oxide presents excellent results, but their viability are compromised by the costs and technology's accessibility (requires very expensive equipment and/or consumables). Excepted gamma irradiation, all the sterilization methods more than sterilizing also reduced the remaining pulp. Autoclave presents easy equipment accessibility, lower cost consumables, higher reduction of remaining pulp and complete sterilization, reason why was considered the most promising technique.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles , Óxido de Etileno , Animales , Matriz Extracelular , Rayos gamma , Calor , Ratas , Esterilización/métodosRESUMEN
Objetivos: Descrever níveis residuais aceitáveis de óxido de etileno em dispositivos médicos, analisar processos de aeração recomendados e compará-los com a regulação brasileira. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, com descritores específicos, sem restrição de ano de publicação. Busca dos dados entre outubro e novembro de 2019, que resultou em 34 estudos incluídos no estudo. Resultados: A regulação brasileira vigente está desatualizada em relação à classificação de produtos, à determinação de valores de resíduos tóxicos de óxido de etileno em dispositivos médicos e aos processos recomendados para a aeração desses produtos, podendo contribuir para riscos de eventos adversos para pacientes usuários de dispositivos inadequadamente aerados, e, consequentemente, urge sua atualização. Conclusão: As lacunas desse marco regulatório beneficiam indiretamente as empresas que terceirizam a esterilização a óxido de etileno ao omitir controles essenciais para a segurança do paciente exposto a possíveis resíduos tóxicos de óxido de etileno, favorecer práticas inseguras de esterilização de produtos para saúde, além de dificultar o controle de serviço de saúde pelas vigilâncias sanitárias do país.
Objectives: To describe acceptable residual levels of ethylene oxide in medical devices, analyze recommended aesther processes and compare them with the Brazilian regulation. Method: Integrative literature review, with specific descriptors, without year of publication restriction. Data search between October and November 2019, which resulted in 34 studies included in the study. Results: Current Brazilian regulation is outdated in relation to product classification, the determination of waste values ethylene oxide toxic in medical devices and the recommended processes for the aecization of these products, and may contribute to risks of adverse events for patients users of inappropriately aenated devices, and consequently urge their update. Conclusion: The shortcomings of this regulatory framework indirectly benefit companies that outsource ethylene oxide sterilization by omitting essential controls for safety of the patient exposed to possible toxic residues of ethylene oxide, unsafe practices of sterilization of health products, in addition to hindering the control of health service by the country's health surveillance.
Objetivos: Describir los niveles residuales aceptables de óxido de etileno (OE) en dispositivos médicos, analizar los procesos de aireación recomendados y compararlos con la normativa brasileña. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura, con descriptores específicos, sin restricción de año de publicación. Búsqueda de datos entre octubre y noviembre de 2019, que resultó en 34 estudios incluidos en el estudio. Resultados: La normativa brasileña actual está desactualizada en cuanto a la clasificación de productos, determinación y valores de residuos tóxicos de OE en dispositivos médicos y procesos recomendados para la aireación de estos productos, lo que puede contribuir al riesgo de eventos adversos para los pacientes que utilizan una aireación inadecuada de dispositivos y, en consecuencia, se necesita urgentemente una actualización. Conclusión: Las brechas en este marco regulatorio benefician indirectamente a las empresas que externalizan la esterilización a OE, al omitir controles esenciales para la seguridad de los pacientes expuestos a posibles residuos tóxicos de OE, favoreciendo prácticas inseguras de esterilización de productos sanitarios, además de dificultar el control de servicio de salud por la Vigilancia Sanitaria del país.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Aireación , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Óxido de Etileno , Residuos Tóxicos , Esterilización , Seguridad del PacienteRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protocols on decontamination/reuse of N95 masks available in the literature in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. METHOD: Integrative literature review, in the period from 2010 to 2020, on the databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane, SAGE journals, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Wiley, with the descriptors Masks AND Respiratory protective devices; Mask OR N95 AND Covid-19; N95 AND Respirators; Decontamination AND N95 AND Coronavirus; Facemask OR Pandemic. RESULTS: Twelve studies were included, of which 3 (30.0%) used ultraviolet germicidal irradiation and indicated mask deterioration between 2 and 10 cycles, 4 (40.0%) used hydrogen peroxide vapor, and seal loss varied from 5 to 20 cycles, 4 (33.3%) evaluated the structural integrity of the N95 mask through visual inspection and 6 (54.4%), its filtration efficiency. CONCLUSION: Reuse strategies to overcome a shortage of devices in the face of the pandemic challenge the current concept for good practices in health-product processing.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/epidemiología , Descontaminación/métodos , Equipo Reutilizado , Respiradores N95/virología , Pandemias , Antiinfecciosos Locales , Desinfectantes , Desinfección/métodos , Óxido de Etileno , Filtración/instrumentación , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
Wound healing materials to prevent blood loss are crucial during emergency medical treatment because uncontrolled bleeding can lead to patient death. Herein, bioabsorbable fibrous architectures of thrombin-loaded poly(ethylene oxide)-PEO/thrombin-are conceptualized and accomplished via electrospinning for faster wound clotting. Membranes with average fiber diameters ranging from 188 to 264 nm are achieved, where the active thrombin is entrapped within the nanofibers. The results of in vitro and in vivo wound healing activity tests revealed that when the nanofibers with thrombin-loaded capacity are in contact with the wound, the presence of water in the skin or blood catalyzes the degradation of the membranes, thus releasing thrombin. Thrombin then accelerates the wound clotting process. In contrast to other hemostatic materials, PEO/thrombin nanofibers do not require mechanical removal after application, and the viscoelastic nature of such biomaterials enables their conformation to a variety of wound topographies. Remarkably, PEO/thrombin membranes are promising functional materials and their use is a powerful strategy for hemostatic treatment, ranging from simple first aid and sealing to a wound to small surgical procedures.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano , Hemostáticos , Nanofibras , Óxido de Etileno , Hemostáticos/farmacología , Humanos , Polietilenglicoles , TrombinaRESUMEN
Sustainability must be always assured in process design. Not rarely, multiple sustainability criteria point oppositely, entailing a need for more systematic and coherent assessments. The Sustainable Process Systems Engineering method is introduced as a two-level hierarchical evaluation of process designs. The first level selects the best design via four-dimensional indicators (environment, efficiency, health-&-safety, and economic), while in the second level, sustainability hotspots of the best design are pinpointed to unveil possible improvements. The method is applied for sustainability assessment of two ethylene oxide processes: the conventional and a novel route employing supersonic separator to prevent ethylene oxide losses using liquid-water injection. Supersonic separator route reduces oxide losses by 83.33 kg/h, representing +0.9% greater ethylene oxide production, 95% less ethylene oxide losses, entailing 2.5% higher net value for 20 operation years despite 0.11% higher investment, and consequently exhibiting the best environmental, technical, health-&-safety and economic performances. Photochemical-oxidation and aquatic-ecotoxicity are environmental indicators with highest improvement due to supersonic separator inclusion. Ethylene oxidation reactor, carbon dioxide stripping-column and cooling-water tower are the main unit-operations with sustainability hotspots.
Asunto(s)
Dióxido de Carbono , Óxido de Etileno , AguaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT In recent years, tissue engineering has evolved considerably, due to the problems in the biomedical area concerning tissue regeneration therapies. Currently, work has been focused on the synthesis and physicochemical characterization of poly lactic acid scaffolds, a synthetic polyester that has been extensively study for its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Moreover, sterilization strategies of scaffold are a crucial step for its application in tissue regeneration, however, the sterilization process have to maintain the structural and biochemical properties of the scaffold. Therefore, it is very important to carry out studies on the sterilization methods of the sample's material, since translational medicine is intended for in vivo applications. The aim of the present study was designed to analyze the effects of different sterilization techniques, i.e. ethylene oxide (ETO), gamma radiation (GR) and hydrogen peroxide- based plasma (H2O2) in biodegradable PLA scaffolds, and to determine the best sterilization technique to render a sterile product with minimal degradation and deformation, and good tissue response. Analysis of surface morphology showed that ETO and GR modified the PLA scaffolds without any change in its chemical composition. Moreover, the histological response showed that the scaffolds are biocompatible and those sterilized by GR showed a more severe inflammatory response, accompanied with the presence of giant foreign body cells. In conclusion, the results show that among sterilization techniques used in the preset study, the best results were observed with H2O2 sterilization, since it did not significantly modify the surface structure of the PLA fibers and their in vivo response did not cause an unfavorable tissue reaction.
RESUMEN En los últimos años, la ingeniería de tejidos ha evolucionado considerablemente, debido a las incógnitas en las terapias de regeneración en el área biomédica. Actualmente, se ha trabajado en la síntesis y caracterización fisicoquímica de andamios de poliácido láctico, el cual es un polímero sintético que se ha estudiado para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos, debido a su biocompatibilidad y biodegradabilidad. El proceso de esterilización es un paso crucial en la aplicación de andamios en terapias de regeneración, sin embargo, la técnica de esterilización debe mantener las propiedades estructurales y bioquímicas del andamio. Por lo tanto, es muy importante realizar estudios sobre los métodos de esterilización de dichos andamios, ya que la medicina traslacional está diseñada para aplicaciones in vivo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los efectos de diferentes técnicas de esterilización como óxido de etileno (ETO), radiación gamma (GR) y plasma a base de peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2) en andamios biodegradables de PLA, y determinar la mejor técnica de esterilización con mínima degradación y deformación, así como una respuesta tisular favorable. La estructura de la superficie de los andamios de PLA se modificó principalmente con las técnicas de óxido de etileno y radiación gamma, sin embargo, ninguna técnica modificó su composición química. Con la respuesta histológica se demostró que los andamios de PLA son biocompatibles y que los esterilizados por radiación gamma desencadenan una mayor respuesta inflamatoria y la formación de células gigantes de cuerpo extraño. En conclusión, los resultados muestran que las técnicas de esterilización utilizadas pueden modificar la morfología del andamio, sin embargo; los mejores resultados se observaron con la esterilización por plasma a base de peróxido de hidrógeno, ya que no modificó significativamente la estructura de la superficie de las fibras de PLA y su respuesta in vivo no provocó una reacción desfavorable en el tejido.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biomédicos y Dentales , Esterilización , Óxido de Etileno/análisis , Andamios del Tejido , Hexaclorociclohexano , CompómerosRESUMEN
AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The design and development of an effective medicine are, however, often faced with a number of challenges. One of them is the close relationship of drug's bioavailability with solubility, dissolution rate and permeability. The use of curcumin's (CUR) therapeutic potential is limited by its poor water solubility and low chemical stability. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of polymer and solid dispersion (SD) preparation techniques to enhance the aqueous solubility, dissolution rate and stability of the CUR. The recent patents on curcumin SD were reported as (i) curcumin with polyvinylpyrrolidone (CN20071 32500 20071214, WO2006022012 and CN20151414227 20150715), (ii) curcumin-zinc/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CN20151414227 20150715), (iii) curcumin-poloxamer 188 (CN2008171177 20080605), (iv) curcumin SD prepared by melting method (CN20161626746-20160801). MATERIALS AND METHODS: SD obtained by co-preciptation or microwave fusion and the physical mixture of CUR with Poloxamer-407 (P-407), Hydroxypropylmetylcellulose-K4M (HPMC K4M) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) were prepared at the ratios of 1:2; 1:1 and 2:1. The samples were evaluated by solubility, stability, dissolution rate and characterized by SEM, PXRD, DSC and FTIR. RESULTS: The solubility, stability (pH 7.0) and dissolution rate were significantly greater for SD (CUR:P-407 1:2). The PXRD,SEM and DSC indicated a change in the crystalline state of CUR. The enhancement of solubility was dependent on a combination of factors including the weight ratio, preparation techniques and carrier properties. The drug release data fitted well with the Weibull equation, indicating that the drug release was controlled by diffusion, polymer relaxation and erosion occurring simultaneously. CONCLUSION: Thus, these SDs, specifically CUR:P-407 1:2 w/w, can overcome the barriers of poor bioavailability to reap many beneficial properties.
Asunto(s)
Curcumina/administración & dosificación , Curcumina/química , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Liberación de Fármacos , Compuestos Epoxi/química , Óxido de Etileno/química , Patentes como Asunto , Polímeros/química , Cristalización , Estabilidad de Medicamentos , Derivados de la Hipromelosa/química , Poloxámero/química , Povidona/química , SolubilidadRESUMEN
Esta tese porpõe uma nova abordagem para o tratamento da leishmaniose tegumentar com o antimoniato de N-metilglucamina (antimoniato de meglumina - AM) associado a dois derivados oxiranos. O estudo foi conduzido em modelo murino de infecção in vitro e in vivo por Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Na primeira etapa do estudo foram descritas alterações histológicas causadas por epoxi-α-lapachona, epoximetil-lausona e AM em camundongos BALB/c não infectados, bem como a predição de algumas de suas propriedades farmacocinéticas. Os resultados indicaram que tanto os oxiranos quanto o antimoniato de meglumina induzem alterações histopatológicas nos órgãos analisados. O epoximetil-lausona foi o mais tóxico para o tecido pulmonar, enquanto os danos mais graves no coração foram causados pelo epoxi-α-lapachona. O AM causou alterações leves a moderadas nos tecidos cardíacos e pulmonares, mas sem qualquer efeito detectado nos tecidos cerebrais. Na segunda etapa foi necessário avaliar a eficácia do epoximetil-lausona sobre a infecção de macrófagos e camundongos BALB/c infectados por L.(L.) amazonensis. Em amastigotas intracelulares, o IC50 do epoximetil-lausona foi ligeiramente superior ao do AM (7,41 ± 0,2 e 4,43 ± 0,25 µM, respectivamente), sendo o efeito mais evidente após 48 horas de exposição (18 vezes e 7,4 vezes inferiores, respectivamente).
Os promastigotas também foram afetados pelo composto, porém o IC50 foi seis vezes maior (45,45 ± 5,0µM), indicando sua especificidade sobre os amastigotas intracelulares. A análise de citotoxicidade revelou que o epoximetil-lausona tem um efeito menor (1,7 ×) comparado ao AM (40,05 ± 3,0 e 24,14 ± 2,6 µM). O tratamento com três doses do epoximetil-lausona reduziu a lesão da pata dos animais infectados em 27 %, enquanto a redução obtida com o AM chegou a 31% nas doses baixa e intermediária, e 64% com a dose mais alta, comparado ao grupo controle. Alterações ultraestruturais detectadas nos amastigotas da lesão constataram comprometimento da integridade dos parasitos. Na etapa final deste estudo foi demonstrado o efeito do tratamento com o AM associado aos oxiranos epoxi-α-lapachona e epoximetil-lausona sobre a infecção experimental in vitro e in vivo. Os compostos foram testados individualmente e em combinações, seguindo as razões: 3:1; 1:1 e 1:3 (p/v) sobre macrófagos infectados. Todos os compostos, assim como suas combinações mostraram índices endocíticos muito inferiores ao grupo controle, sendo as maiores reduções obtidas nas razões de 3:1. O tratamento de camundongos BALB/c com os compostos individualmente e combinados nas mesmas razões levou a reduções significativas das lesões. O melhor efeito das combinações foi observado nas razões de 3:1. Os resultados indicaram que a associação do AM com os oxiranos produz um incremento no efeito leishmanicida, e pode ser considerada uma nova abordagem para o tratamento da leishmaniose cutânea. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Leishmaniasis Cutánea , Quimioterapia Combinada , Óxido de Etileno , Meglumina , AntimonioRESUMEN
The net interaction between a probe tip coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein and a flat substrate coated with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) polymer was measured directly on approach in water and electrolyte solutions using AFM. The approach force curve between the two surfaces was monotonically repulsive in water and in electrolyte solutions. At pH ~5, slightly above the isoelectric point (pI) of BSA, and at large distances, the force was dominated by electrostatic repulsion between the oxygen atoms of the incoming protein with those belonging to the ether groups of PEO. Such repulsive force and range decreased in NaCl. Under physiological conditions, pH 6, BSA is definitely charged and the electrostatic repulsion with ether groups in PEO appears at larger separation distances. Interestingly, at pH 4, below the pI of BSA, the repulsion decreased because of an attractive, although weak, electrostatic force that appeared between the ether groups in PEO and the positively charged amino groups of BSA. However, for all solution conditions, once compression of PEO begun, the net repulsion was always dominated by short-range polymeric steric repulsion and repulsive enthalpy penalties for breaking PEO-water bonds. Results suggest that PEO in mushroom conformation may also be effective in reducing biofouling.
Asunto(s)
Óxido de Etileno/química , Polietilenglicoles/química , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/química , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
A series of eighteen quinones and structurally-related oxiranes were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro inhibitory activity against the chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 clone of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. 2-amino and 2-allyloxynaphthoquinones exhibited important antiplasmodial activity (median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) < 10 µM). Oxiranes 6 and 25, prepared respectively by reaction of α-lapachone and tetrachloro-p-quinone with diazomethane in a mixture of ether and ethanol, exhibited the highest antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts (MCR-5 cell line). The active compounds could represent a good prototype for an antimalarial lead molecule.
Asunto(s)
Antimaláricos/síntesis química , Antimaláricos/farmacología , Óxido de Etileno/química , Óxido de Etileno/farmacología , Plasmodium falciparum/efectos de los fármacos , Quinonas/síntesis química , Quinonas/farmacología , Antimaláricos/química , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Óxido de Etileno/síntesis química , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Quinonas/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Silk fibroin has been widely explored for many biomedical applications, due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Sterilization is a fundamental step in biomaterials processing and it must not jeopardize the functionality of medical devices. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of different sterilization methods in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of dense and porous silk fibroin membranes. Silk fibroin membranes were treated by several procedures: immersion in 70% ethanol solution, ultraviolet radiation, autoclave, ethylene oxide, and gamma radiation, and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, tensile strength and in vitro cytotoxicity to Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results indicated that the sterilization methods did not cause perceivable morphological changes in the membranes and the membranes were not toxic to cells. The sterilization methods that used organic solvent or an increased humidity and/or temperature (70% ethanol, autoclave, and ethylene oxide) increased the silk II content in the membranes: the dense membranes became more brittle, while the porous membranes showed increased strength at break. Membranes that underwent sterilization by UV and gamma radiation presented properties similar to the nonsterilized membranes, mainly for tensile strength and FTIR results.
Asunto(s)
Fibroínas , Membranas Artificiales , Seda , Esterilización/métodos , Animales , Bombyx , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Etanol/farmacología , Óxido de Etileno/farmacología , Fibroínas/química , Fibroínas/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroínas/efectos de la radiación , Fibroínas/toxicidad , Rayos gamma , Calor , Humedad , Ensayo de Materiales , Porosidad , Seda/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura , Resistencia a la Tracción , Rayos Ultravioleta , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the reprocessing technique of enzymatic bath with ultrasonic cleaning and ethylene oxide sterilization on the chemical properties and morphological structure of polymeric coatings of guide wire for regular guiding catheter. METHODS: These techniques simulated the routine of guide wire reprocessing in many hemodynamic services in Brazil and other countries. Samples from three different manufacturers were verified by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. RESULTS: A single or double sterilization of the catheters with ethylene oxide was not associated with morphological or chemical changes. However, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the washing method was associated with rough morphological changes, including superficial holes and bubbles, in addition to chemical changes of external atomic layers of polymeric coating surfaces, as detected by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method, which is compatible with extended chemical changes on catheter surfaces. CONCLUSION: The reprocessing of the catheters with ethylene oxide was not associated with morphological or chemical changes, and it seemed appropriate to maintain guide wire coating integrity. However, the method combining chemical cleaning with mechanical vibration resulted in rough anatomical and chemical surface deterioration, suggesting that this reprocessing method should be discouraged.
Asunto(s)
Angioplastia/instrumentación , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentación , Catéteres Cardíacos , Esterilización/métodos , Desinfectantes/química , Equipo Reutilizado , Óxido de Etileno/química , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Polímeros/química , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de la radiación , VibraciónRESUMEN
Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) composed by UCON (ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer) and potassium phosphate salts were for the first time evaluated in the recovery of Peniophora cinerea laccase from complex fermented medium. The ATPSs were obtained by combining the random copolymer UCON with KH2PO4, potassium phosphate buffer pH 7 or K2HPO4. According to the results, protein partition occurred predominantly toward the saline phase (bottom phase) of the ATPSs, while some contaminants such as pigments partitioned mainly to the top phase. In preliminary tests, it was found that the salt with the lowest pH value (KH2PO4, pH 4.6) stimulated the enzyme activity, while the other salts (pH between 7.0 and 9.5) caused a strong inhibition. However, the salt inhibition was not observed in the equilibrium phases of the UCON-Potassium phosphate ATPSs. The laccase recovery was high for all the biphasic systems, but the highest value (134%) was obtained when using UCON combined with KH2PO4. When compared to conventional concentration and purification methods (lyophilization, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, and ion exchange chromatography), ATPS was demonstrated to be an efficient alternative for P. cinerea laccase recovery from fermented medium.
Asunto(s)
Basidiomycota/enzimología , Compuestos Epoxi/química , Óxido de Etileno/química , Lacasa/aislamiento & purificación , Fosfatos/química , Compuestos de Potasio/química , Sales (Química)RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the reprocessing technique of enzymatic bath with ultrasonic cleaning and ethylene oxide sterilization on the chemical properties and morphological structure of polymeric coatings of guide wire for regular guiding catheter. METHODS: These techniques simulated the routine of guide wire reprocessing in many hemodynamic services in Brazil and other countries. Samples from three different manufacturers were verified by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. RESULTS: A single or double sterilization of the catheters with ethylene oxide was not associated with morphological or chemical changes. However, scanning electron microscopy images showed that the washing method was associated with rough morphological changes, including superficial holes and bubbles, in addition to chemical changes of external atomic layers of polymeric coating surfaces, as detected by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy method, which is compatible with extended chemical changes on catheter surfaces. CONCLUSION: The reprocessing of the catheters with ethylene oxide was not associated with morphological or chemical changes, and it seemed appropriate to maintain guide wire coating integrity. However, the method combining chemical cleaning with mechanical vibration resulted in rough anatomical and chemical surface deterioration, suggesting that this reprocessing method should be discouraged.
OBJETIVO: Investigar a influência das técnicas de reprocessamento de banho enzimático com limpeza ultrassônica e a esterilização com óxido de etileno nas propriedades químicas e estruturas morfológicas de revestimentos poliméricos de fios-guia usados como guias em cateteres regulares. MÉTODOS: Estas técnicas simulam a rotina de processamento de fios-guia em muitos serviços de hemodinâmica do Brasil e de outros países. Amostras de três diferentes fabricantes foram verificadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-X. RESULTADOS: Uma única ou dupla esterilização dos cateteres com óxido de etileno não foi associada a mudanças químicas ou morfológicas. Contudo, imagens de microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostraram que o método de lavagem foi associado a intensas modificações morfológicas, incluindo bolhas e buracos superficiais, assim como mudanças nas ligações químicas das camadas atômicas externas do revestimento polimérico, conforme demonstrado por resultados de espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios-X, compatível com extensas modificações químicas induzidas por esse processo de lavagem. CONCLUSÃO: O reprocessamento dos fios-guia de cateteres com óxido de etileno não está associado a mudanças químicas e morfológicas dos mesmos e pode ser considerado adequado para manter a integridade destes materiais. Entretanto, o método que combina lavagem química com vibração mecânica resulta em intensas deteriorações anatômicas e químicas, sugerindo que esse método de processamento deve ser desencorajado.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Angioplastia/instrumentación , Catéteres Cardíacos , Cateterismo Cardíaco/instrumentación , Esterilización/métodos , Desinfectantes/química , Equipo Reutilizado , Óxido de Etileno/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Polímeros/química , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de los fármacos , Propiedades de Superficie/efectos de la radiación , VibraciónRESUMEN
The aim of this work was to gain insight into the effect of ethylene oxide (EO) chains on the properties of a series of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) surfactants. We performed a theoretical study of NPE surfactants by means of density functional theory (DFT) and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD). Both approximations were used separately to obtain different properties. Four NPEs were selected for this purpose (EO = 4, 7, 11 and 15 length chains). DFT methods provided some electronic properties that are related to the EO units. One of them is the solvation Gibbs energy, which exhibited a linear trend with EO chain length. DPD calculations allow us to observe the dynamic behavior in water of the NPE surfactants. We propose a coarse-grained model which properly simulates the mesophases of each surfactant. This model can be used in other NPEs applications.
Asunto(s)
Glicoles de Etileno/química , Tensoactivos/química , Óxido de Etileno/químicaRESUMEN
Do materials sterilized using gamma rays become toxic when re-sterilized in ethylene oxide? This question guided the objective of this study, which was to investigate the potential cytotoxic effect of PVC sterilized by gamma radiation and re-sterilized with EO by the agar diffusion method in cell cultures. Nine PVC tubes were subjected to gamma radiation sterilization and were re-sterilized in EO. The tubes were divided into a total of 81 units of analysis that were tested so as to represent the internal and external surfaces and mass of each tube. It was concluded that the PVC materials sterilized in gamma radiation and re-sterilized in EO are not cytotoxic.