RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To study vertex-optical distance variation and estimate its impact on manifest refraction. Methods: Prospective study in a private clinic using the Vision-S™ 700 with five forehead positions. Forehead on the third position showed the closest vertex-optical distance of 12mm. Results: Analysis of 52 eyes from 26 patients revealed mean differences in vertex-optical distance of 12.25mm (right eye) and 11.75mm (left eye). A 2mm change in vertex-optical distance resulted in a 0.05D change for a 5D spherical equivalent and 0.20D for a 10D equivalent. Conclusion: Vertex-optical distance varies among patients and is influenced by forehead adjustment. These variations impact refraction accuracy and treatment evaluation. Adjusting the forehead to the third position on the Vision-S™ 700 is recommended.
RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar a variação da distância vértice-óptico, de acordo com o ajuste da testa, e estimar seu impacto na refração manifesta. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo realizado em clínica privada. A refração foi realizada utilizando cinco posições preestabelecidas com o Vision-Sa 700. A testa disposta na terceira posição apresentou distância vértice do refrator mais próxima de 12mm. Resultados: Foram analisados 52 olhos de 26 pacientes. A diferença média da distância vértice do refrator no olho direito foi de 12,25mm (variação de 11,50mm) e, no olho esquerdo, 11,75mm (variação de 12,00mm). O impacto foi de 2mm na distância vértice do refrator, fomentando em uma mudança de 0,05D para um equivalente esférico de 5D e 0,20D para um equivalente de 10D. Conclusão: A distância vértice do refrator varia entre pacientes, estando relacionada ao ajuste da testa. As variações afetam a precisão da refração, impactando no ajuste dos óculos, das lentes de contato e na avaliação pós-operatória de cirurgia refrativa. Sugerimos ajustar a posição da testa para terceira posição no Vision-S™ 700, se a distância vértice do refrator não for medida em todos os pacientes.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Optometría/instrumentación , Optometría/métodos , Refracción Ocular/fisiología , Pruebas de Visión/instrumentación , Pruebas de Visión/métodos , Lentes , Postura , Errores de Refracción , Cefalometría , Estudios Prospectivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Refractivos , Óptica y Fotónica , Posicionamiento del PacienteRESUMEN
The global need for accurate and efficient cancer cell detection in biomedicine and clinical diagnosis has driven extensive research and technological development in the field. Precision, high-throughput, non-invasive separation, detection, and classification of individual cells are critical requirements for successful technology. Lab-on-a-chip devices offer enormous potential for solving biological and medical problems and have become a priority research area for microanalysis and manipulating cells. This paper reviews recent developments in the detection of cancer cells using the microfluidics-based lab-on-a-chip method, focusing on describing and explaining techniques that use optical phenomena and a plethora of probes for sensing, amplification, and immobilization. The paper describes how optics are applied in each experimental method, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. The discussion includes a summary of current challenges and prospects for cancer diagnosis.
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Técnicas Biosensibles , Neoplasias , Dispositivos Laboratorio en un Chip , Óptica y Fotónica , Fenómenos Ópticos , Espectrometría Raman , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Neoplasias/diagnósticoRESUMEN
This communication aims at discussing strategies based on developments from nanotechnology focused on the next generation of sequencing (NGS). In this regard, it should be noted that even in the advanced current situation of many techniques and methods accompanied with developments of technology, there are still existing challenges and needs focused on real samples and low concentrations of genomic materials. The approaches discussed/described adopt spectroscopical techniques and new optical setups. PCR bases are introduced to understand the role of non-covalent interactions by discussing about Nobel prizes related to genomic material detection. The review also discusses colorimetric methods, polymeric transducers, fluorescence detection methods, enhanced plasmonic techniques such as metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), semiconductors, and developments in metamaterials. In addition, nano-optics, challenges linked to signal transductions, and how the limitations reported in each technique could be overcome are considered in real samples. Accordingly, this study shows developments where optical active nanoplatforms generate signal detection and transduction with enhanced performances and, in many cases, enhanced signaling from single double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions. Future perspectives on miniaturized instrumentation, chips, and devices aimed at detecting genomic material are analyzed. However, the main concept in this report derives from gained insights into nanochemistry and nano-optics. Such concepts could be incorporated into other higher-sized substrates and experimental and optical setups.