RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of quercetin on the cellular components of the Enteric Nervous System in the ileum of rats with arthritis. Rats were distributed into five groups: control (C), arthritic (AIA), arthritic treated with ibuprofen (AI), arthritic treated with quercetin (AQ) and arthritic treated with both ibuprofen and quercetin (AIQ). The ileum was processed for immunohistochemical techniques for HuC/D, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Measurements in histological sections, chemiluminescence assays, and total antioxidant capacity were also performed. Rheumatoid arthritis resulted in a decrease in neuronal density, yet neuroplasticity mechanisms were evident through observed changes in varicosities size and neuronal area compared to the control group. Reduced paw edema and neuroprotective effects were predominantly noted in both plexuses, as evidenced by the increased density preservation of HuC/D-IR neurons in the AIQ group. The increase of lipoperoxidation levels and paw edema volume in the AQ group was observed compared to the arthritic, whereas the AIQ group mainly showed similar results to those observed in the control. The enteropathy associated with arthritis proved to be significant in the field of gastroenterology, and the combination of quercetin and ibuprofen demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Ibuprofeno , Quercetina , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Quercetina/farmacología , Quercetina/uso terapéutico , Ibuprofeno/farmacología , Ibuprofeno/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Masculino , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/patología , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Experimental/patología , Sistema Nervioso Entérico/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Entérico/patología , Inmunohistoquímica , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/patologíaRESUMEN
This article follows-up on our recently published work, which evaluated the impact of the addition of an alfalfa leaf-derived adsorbent in the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-contaminated diet in regard to the production parameters, blood cell count, serum biochemistry, liver enzymes, and liver histology of turkey poults. This paper presents complementary results on microbial community, ileal morphology, barrier function, and immunity. For this purpose, 350 1-day-old female turkey poults were randomly distributed into five groups: (1) Control, AFB1-free diet; (2) AF, AFB1-contaminated diet at 250 ng/g; (3) alfalfa, AFB1-free diet + 0.5% (w/w) adsorbent; (4) alfalfa + AF, AFB1-contaminated diet at 250 ng/g + 0.5% (w/w) adsorbent; and (5) YCW + AF, AFB1-contaminated diet at 250 ng/g + 0.5% (w/w) commercial yeast cell wall-based adsorbent (reference group). In general, in the AF group, the growth of opportunistic pathogens was promoted, which lead to gut dysbacteriosis, mainly influenced by Streptococcus lutetiensis. Conversely, a significant increase in beneficial bacteria (Faecalibacterium and Coprococcus catus) was promoted by the addition of the plant-based adsorbent. Moreover, the AF group had the lowest villus height and a compromised barrier function, as evidenced by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d), but these negative effects were almost reversed by the addition of the alfalfa adsorbent. Furthermore, the AF + YCW and alfalfa + AF groups exhibited a significant increase in the cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response compared to the rest of the experimental groups. Taken together, these results pointed out that the alfalfa counteracts the adverse effects of AFB1 in poults, facilitating the colonization of beneficial bacteria and improving the barrier function of the turkey poults.
Asunto(s)
Aflatoxina B1 , Alimentación Animal , Íleon , Medicago sativa , Hojas de la Planta , Pavos , Animales , Medicago sativa/química , Pavos/microbiología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/microbiología , Íleon/patología , Íleon/inmunología , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , AdsorciónRESUMEN
El íleo biliar se define como una obstrucción intestinal mecánica secundaria a la presencia de un cálculo biliar. Menos del 1% de los casos de obstrucción intestinal se derivan de esta etiología. La causa más frecuente es la impactación del cálculo en el íleon, tras su paso por una fístula bilioentérica. Es una complicación rara y potencialmente grave de la colelitiasis. Esta patología se presenta más en adultos mayores, la edad promedio en la que se presenta es entre los 60 y 84 años, afectando principalmente al sexo femenino, atribuido a la mayor frecuencia de patología biliar en dicho sexo. Presenta una alta morbimortalidad, principalmente por la dificultad y la demora diagnóstica.
Gallstone ileus is defined as a mechanical intestinal obstruction secondary to the presence of a gallstone. Less than 1% of cases of intestinal obstruction are derived from this etiology. Te most frequent cause is the impaction of the stone in the ileum, after passing through a bilioenteric fistula. It is a rare and potentially serious complication of cholelithiasis. Tis pathology occurs more in the elderly, the average age at which it occurs is between 60 and 84 years, mainly affecting the female sex, attributed to the higher frequency of biliary pathology in said sex. It presents a high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to the difficulty and the diagnostic delay
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anciano , Sistema Biliar/patología , Colelitiasis/cirugía , Indicadores de Morbimortalidad , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Íleon/patología , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugía , LaparotomíaRESUMEN
Abstract It is uncertain whether terminal ileum intubation should be performed routinely during colonoscopy, as there is uncertainty regarding its diagnostic value. The aim of the present study is to assess the diagnostic yield of terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy according to indications for colonoscopy. This is a cross-sectional study in which the results of 294 total colonoscopy procedures were reviewed; ileal intubation was performed in 269 (91.49%) patients. The indications for colonoscopy, the results of ileoscopy, and the histopathological results of ileal biopsies were evaluated. A total of 54 (20%) out of 269 patients who had successful intubation into the terminal ileumshowed macroscopic abnormalities on the terminal ileum. Biopsies were positive in 4 out of 54 (7.4%); all were of Crohn disease. Two were erosions (9.5%.) and 2 were ulcers (18.8%). The two erosions were presented as abdominal pain, abdominal pain and alternating bowel motion. Those with ulcers were presented with diarrhea and perianal disease. Conclusions Considering the low diagnostic yield of ileal intubation during colonoscopy, the decision to performileoscopy or not during colonoscopy needs to bemade on a case-by-case basis. However, routine ileal intubation, brief attempts should be considered despite low diagnostic yield. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Colonoscopía/métodos , Íleon/patología , Úlcera/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Crohn , Dolor Abdominal , Estudios Transversales , Intubación GastrointestinalRESUMEN
The beneficial effects of prebiotic, such as fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), in intestinal inflammation have been demonstrated in several studies. Herein, we evaluate whether joint treatment with FOS, both before and during mucositis, had additional beneficial effects and investigated the mechanisms underlying in the action of FOS on the intestinal barrier. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups: CTR (without mucositisâ¯+â¯saline solution), FOS (without mucositisâ¯+â¯6 % FOS), MUC (mucositisâ¯+â¯saline solution), PT (mucositisâ¯+â¯6 % FOS supplementation before disease induction), and TT (mucositisâ¯+â¯6 % FOS supplementation before and during disease induction). Mucositis was induced by intraperitoneal injection (300â¯mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). After 72â¯h, the animals were euthanized and intestinal permeability (IP), tight junction, bacterial translocation (BT), histology and morphometry, and immunoglobulin A secretory (sIgA), inflammatory infiltrate, and production of short-chain fatty acids (acetate, butyrate and propionate) were evaluated. The MUC group showed an increase in the IP, BT, and inflammatory infiltrate but a decrease in the tight junction expression and butyrate and propionate levels (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). In the PT and TT groups, FOS supplementation maintained the IP, tight junction expression, and propionate concentration within physiologic levels, increased butyrate levels, and reduced BT and inflammatory infiltrate (Pâ¯<â¯0.05). Total treatment with FOS (TT group) was more effective in maintaining histological score, morphometric parameters, and sIgA production. Thus, total treatment (prophylactic and therapeutic supplementation) with FOS was more effective than pretreatment alone, in reducing 5-FU-induced damage to the intestinal barrier.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucositis/inducido químicamente , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Prebióticos , Uniones Estrechas/efectos de los fármacos , Acetatos/metabolismo , Animales , Bacterias/metabolismo , Traslocación Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Butiratos/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fluorouracilo , Íleon/metabolismo , Íleon/microbiología , Íleon/patología , Inmunoglobulina A Secretora/metabolismo , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Mucositis/metabolismo , Mucositis/microbiología , Mucositis/patología , Permeabilidad , Propionatos/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/microbiología , Uniones Estrechas/patologíaRESUMEN
The zoonotic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157: H7 bacterium causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Cattle are primary reservoirs and EHEC O157: H7; the bacteria predominately inhabit the colon and recto-anal junctions (RAJ). The early innate immune reactions in the infected gut are critical in the pathogenesis of EHEC O157: H7. In this study, calves orally inoculated with EHEC O157: H7 showed infiltration of neutrophils in the lamina propria of ileum and RAJ at 7 and 14 days post-infection. Infected calves had altered mucin layer and mast cell populations across small and large intestines. There were differential transcription expressions of key bovine ß defensins, tracheal antimicrobial peptide (TAP) in the ileum, and lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) in RAJ. The main Gram-negative bacterial/LPS signaling Toll-Like receptor 4 (TLR4) was downregulated in RAJ. Intestinal infection with EHEC O157: H7 impacted the gut bacterial communities and influenced the relative abundance of Negativibacillus and Erysipelotrichaceae in mucosa-associated bacteria in the rectum. Thus, innate immunity in the gut of calves showed unique characteristics during infection with EHEC O157: H7, which occurred in the absence of major clinical manifestations but denoted an active immunological niche.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Escherichia coli O157/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/inmunología , Adhesinas Bacterianas/inmunología , Animales , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inmunología , Diarrea/microbiología , Escherichia coli O157/patogenicidad , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/inmunología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/microbiología , Íleon/patología , Recto/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) constitutes one of the main causes of mortality in children in low- to medium-income countries. Diverse animal species have been linked as reservoirs, including birds. The aim of this study was to describe the genomic and phylogenetic features of an EPEC recovered from a pet macaw and further characterizing the macro and microscopic lesion in a rabbit ileal loop experimental model. The isolate was whole-genome sequenced (WGS) obtaining its genotypic and phenotypic in silico characteristics and inoculated in a rabbit experimental model with subsequently evaluating the strain's pathogenicity by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histopathology. The isolate was characterized as O109:H21-B1-ST40 typical EPEC, harboring several virulence factors of diarrheagenic E. coli. The macaw EPEC genome was located in a monophyletic clade of human and animal ST40 EPEC sequences. In vivo inoculation demonstrated severe hemorrhage with SEM and histopathological analysis confirming these lesions to be associated with intra-epithelial lymphocytes. Therefore, the isolate not only shared several genotypic and phylogenetic similarities with EPEC that affects humans and animals, but was able to induce severe tissue injury in a mammal model. These findings highlight the underrated role of pet birds as zoonotic reservoirs and the diversity in virulence factors being unraveled by new WGS studies.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Aves/microbiología , Escherichia coli Enteropatógena/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/veterinaria , Íleon/microbiología , Loros/microbiología , Animales , Reservorios de Enfermedades/microbiología , Reservorios de Enfermedades/veterinaria , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Genoma Bacteriano , Genotipo , Íleon/patología , Filogenia , ConejosRESUMEN
Gallstone ileus is defined as a mechanical intestinal obstruction secondary to the presence of a gallstone. Less than 1% of cases of intestinal obstruction are derived from this etiology. The most frequent cause is the impaction of the stone in the ileum, after passing through a bilioenteric fistula. It is a rare and potentially serious complication of cholelithiasis. This pathology occurs more in the elderly, the average age at which it occurs is between 60 and 84 years, mainly affecting the female sex, attributed to the higher frequency of biliary pathology in said sex. It presents a high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to the difficulty and the diagnostic delay.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Cálculos Biliares , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Abdomen/cirugía , Íleon/patología , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugíaRESUMEN
Pseudocorynosoma constrictum (Van Cleave, 1918) is a polymorphid acanthocephalan that attaches to the digestive tract of waterfowl to complete its life cycle, causing severe histological damage to its definitive avian hosts. In the present study, we present a histopathological analysis of the lesions that P. constrictum induced in the layers of the ileum of the blue-winged teal Anas discors. The results revealed that worms insert the attachment structures into the inner gut muscular layer, which causes substantial swelling, haemorrhaging and necrosis in the tissue near the parasite's proboscis. We also observed that the number of parasites attached to the tissue can obstruct the intestinal lumen; in the most serious case, we observed more than 30 parasites penetrating completely the walls of the bird intestine.
Asunto(s)
Acantocéfalos/patogenicidad , Aves/parasitología , Íleon/patología , Íleon/parasitología , Acantocéfalos/anatomía & histología , Animales , México , Membrana Mucosa/parasitología , NecrosisRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. METHODS: Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO2) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O2), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected. RESULTS: The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses. CONCLUSION: The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/prevención & control , Hipoxia/patología , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/patología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas Wistar , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in newborn rats submitted to hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) conditions in an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods Eight pregnant rats and their 70 cubs were used (5 groups) and exposed to H/R conditions and received NAC at different times. The animals in the H/R groups were placed in a gas chamber (100% CO2) for 10 minutes and then reoxygenated for 10 minutes (100% O2), twice a day for the first three days of life, with a six-hour span between events. On the third day of life, the animals were anesthetized, laparotomized and the intestines were resected. Results The H/R and NAC groups showed changes in the intestinal wall in relation to the number, height and width of the villi when compared to the control group (p<0.0001), but with better preservation of structures in the NAC group. There were no differences between groups regarding the number (%) of mitoses. Conclusion The administration of NAC decreased the lesions in the intestinal wall of rats submitted to H/R, therefore suggesting that this drug can be used to prevent the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Embarazo , Acetilcisteína/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Enterocolitis Necrotizante/prevención & control , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/patología , Hipoxia/patología , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ratas Wistar , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hypovolemic shock is a common disease in polytrauma patients and may develop ischemia in various organs, increasing morbidity and mortality. The bowel is usually most affected by this condition. AIM: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil on the intestinal mucosa's injury of rats submitted to hypovolemic shock. METHOD: Fifteen rats were divided into three groups: sham - simulated surgery; ischemia - animals submitted to hypovolemic shock; and copaiba - animals submitted to hypovolemic shock previously treated with copaiba oil. Mean blood pressure, arterial blood gas after shock induction, degree of intestinal lesion and villus length were evaluated. RESULTS: The sham presented the lowest values of lactate and PaCO2 and the highest values of mean arterial pressure, pH and bicarbonate in relation to the other groups. The degree of mesenteric lesion was zero in the sham group; 3.00±1.00 in the ischemia group; and 3.00±0.71 in the copaiba group. The villus length was 173.60±8.42 in the sham, 142.77±8.33 in the ischemia and 143.01±9.57 in the copaiba group. There was a significant difference between the sham and the other groups (p<0.05); however, there not significant difference between groups Ischemia and copaiba. CONCLUSION: Administration of copaiba oil did not reduce the intestinal mucosa lesion of rats after hypovolemic shock.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Fabaceae/química , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Choque , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Íleon/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Isquemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Aceites de Plantas/química , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Choque/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The denervation of the intestine with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) reduces mortality and improves weight gain in rats with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Nevertheless, translating these promising findings from bench to bedside is not feasible because BAC promotes peritonitis and irreversible denervation which may be followed by an uncontrolled dilatation of the viscera. The use of botulinum toxin (BT) instead of BAC to achieve the denervation of the remaining small intestine in SBS could be an interesting option because it leads to a mild and transient denervation of the intestine. METHODS: Here we evaluated the effects of the ileal denervation with BT in rats with SBS by verifying the body weight variation and intestinal morphological parameters. Four groups with 6 animals each were submitted to enterectomy with an ileal injection of saline (group E) or BT (group EBT). Control groups were submitted to simulated surgery with an ileal injection of BT (group BT) or saline (group C - control). RESULTS: We observed that the treatment of the remaining ileum with BT completely reversed the weight loss associated to extensive small bowel resection. CONCLUSION: This may provide a new promising approach to the surgical treatment of SBS.
Asunto(s)
Toxinas Botulínicas/farmacología , Desnervación/métodos , Íleon/inervación , Síndrome del Intestino Corto/cirugía , Animales , Compuestos de Benzalconio/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Íleon/patología , Yeyuno/inervación , Debilidad Muscular/patología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Síndrome del Intestino Corto/patologíaRESUMEN
Assessing the gut mucosa milieu is important to grade the inflammatory process in conditions such as food hypersensitivity, allergy, gut parasitosis, etc. However, the gastrointestinal tract comprises a challenging system to evaluate, due to its thin tubular structure and mucosa, which suffer fast autolysis after death. Irrespective of the preferred inflammatory score system, it is important to choose the technique that will render the best tissue analysis. Thus, our aim was to compare two of the most frequently used methods to collect, process and analyze gut segments, the Swiss Roll and the Intestinal Strips. Normal C57Bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to Rolls or Strips group. After an overdose of anesthetics, segments of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were collected and prepared accordingly for histological processing and analysis. Our results show the villi in the Rolls tend to be shorter and wider than those in the Strips in the duodenum and jejunum but not the ileum. No significant differences were observed in intra-epithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells counts. Finally, we staged each segment using our histomorphometric classification system, which revealed that although all animals presented a normal intestinal mucosa, those assigned to the Rolls group had their mucosa staged in the Infiltrative Stage while the Strips group had their mucosa staged as Normal. In conclusion, Swiss Rolls might be desirable for a wider assessment of the intestine, as it allows large segments to be analyzed at once, while Strips are better suited when detailed evaluation of each villus is intended.
Asunto(s)
Duodeno/patología , Tracto Gastrointestinal/patología , Íleon/patología , Inflamación/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Yeyuno/patología , Manejo de Especímenes/métodos , Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Manejo de Especímenes/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: The denervation of the intestine with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) reduces mortality and improves weight gain in rats with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Nevertheless, translating these promising findings from bench to bedside is not feasible because BAC promotes peritonitis and irreversible denervation which may be followed by an uncontrolled dilatation of the viscera. The use of botulinum toxin (BT) instead of BAC to achieve the denervation of the remaining small intestine in SBS could be an interesting option because it leads to a mild and transient denervation of the intestine. Methods: Here we evaluated the effects of the ileal denervation with BT in rats with SBS by verifying the body weight variation and intestinal morphological parameters. Four groups with 6 animals each were submitted to enterectomy with an ileal injection of saline (group E) or BT (group EBT). Control groups were submitted to simulated surgery with an ileal injection of BT (group BT) or saline (group C - control). Results: We observed that the treatment of the remaining ileum with BT completely reversed the weight loss associated to extensive small bowel resection. Conclusion: This may provide a new promising approach to the surgical treatment of SBS.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Síndrome del Intestino Corto/cirugía , Toxinas Botulínicas/farmacología , Desnervación/métodos , Íleon/inervación , Síndrome del Intestino Corto/patología , Compuestos de Benzalconio/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Wistar , Debilidad Muscular/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Íleon/patología , Yeyuno/inervaciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Background: Hypovolemic shock is a common disease in polytrauma patients and may develop ischemia in various organs, increasing morbidity and mortality. The bowel is usually most affected by this condition. Aim: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil on the intestinal mucosa's injury of rats submitted to hypovolemic shock. Method: Fifteen rats were divided into three groups: sham - simulated surgery; ischemia - animals submitted to hypovolemic shock; and copaiba - animals submitted to hypovolemic shock previously treated with copaiba oil. Mean blood pressure, arterial blood gas after shock induction, degree of intestinal lesion and villus length were evaluated. Results: The sham presented the lowest values of lactate and PaCO2 and the highest values of mean arterial pressure, pH and bicarbonate in relation to the other groups. The degree of mesenteric lesion was zero in the sham group; 3.00±1.00 in the ischemia group; and 3.00±0.71 in the copaiba group. The villus length was 173.60±8.42 in the sham, 142.77±8.33 in the ischemia and 143.01±9.57 in the copaiba group. There was a significant difference between the sham and the other groups (p<0.05); however, there not significant difference between groups Ischemia and copaiba. Conclusion: Administration of copaiba oil did not reduce the intestinal mucosa lesion of rats after hypovolemic shock.
RESUMO Racional: O choque hipovolêmico é situação comum em pacientes politraumatizados, podendo acarretar isquemia de vários órgãos, aumentando a morbimortalidade. O intestino é geralmente um dos órgãos mais afetados por essa condição. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do óleo de copaíba na lesão da mucosa intestinal de ratos submetidos ao choque hipovolêmico. Métodos: Quinze ratos foram distribuídos em três grupos: Sham - operação simulada; isquemia - submissão ao choque hipovolêmico; e copaíba - submissão ao choque hipovolêmico previamente tratados com óleo de copaíba. A pressão arterial média, a gasometria arterial após a indução do choque, o grau da lesão intestinal e o tamanho das vilosidades foram avaliados. Resultados: O grupo sham apresentou os menores valores de lactato e PaCO2 e os maiores valores de pressão arterial média, pH e bicarbonato em relação aos demais grupos. O grau de lesão mesentérica foi de zero no sham; 3,0±1,00 no grupo isquemia; e 3,0±0,71 no da copaíba. O comprimento dos vilos foi de 173,60±8,42 no grupo sham, 142,77±8,33 no da isquemia e 143,01±9,57 no da copaíba. Houve diferença significante entre o grupo sham e os demais grupos (p<0.05); contudo, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos submetidos ao choque hipovolêmico. Conclusão: A administração do óleo de copaíba não reduziu a lesão da mucosa intestinal de ratos submetidos ao choque hipovolêmico.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Choque/tratamiento farmacológico , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fabaceae/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/uso terapéutico , Aceites de Plantas/química , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Íleon/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Isquemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/químicaRESUMEN
AIM: The present study compared and evaluated morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters infected by two L. (V.) braziliensis strains isolated from patients with different lesion aspects and treatment responses. MAIN METHODS: Hamsters were infected in the left hindpaw with a suspension of promastigotes (2 × 107/100 µl) of two different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis. After 90 or 120 days, the animals were euthanized. Samples of the ileum and mesenteric lymph node were collected for histological examination and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. KEY FINDINGS: All infected animals developed similar profile of paw lesions. In peripheral blood there was an increase in the number of mononuclear cells which contributed to elevated global leukocytes count. Increases in the width and height of villi and width and depth of crypts were observed. The thickness of the muscular layers, submucosa, and intestinal wall also increased. Histopathological alterations were observed, including inflammatory infiltrate in crypts and a large number of immune cells in the lamina propria, submucosa, and muscular layer. Immune cells were found inside myenteric ganglia, with an increase in the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Leishmania DNA was detected in the ileum and mesenteric lymph node at both times of infection. The presence of amastigotes in the ileum was revealed by immunohistochemistry. SIGNIFICANCE: The infection with different strains of L. (V.) braziliensis causes morphological and quantitative alterations in the ileum of hamsters and the parasite can migrate to the mesenteric lymph node and intestine.
Asunto(s)
Íleon/parasitología , Leishmania braziliensis/patogenicidad , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/parasitología , Animales , ADN Protozoario/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Íleon/inmunología , Íleon/patología , Leishmania braziliensis/genética , Leishmania braziliensis/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/parasitología , Mesocricetus , Carga de Parásitos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Leishmania species cause skin, mucosal, and disseminated lesions. We studied the effects of three Leishmania species on ileal morphology in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) major (4 animals/group). After 72h, the ilea were collected and histologically processed. RESULTS: Following inoculation, the goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte populations increased, while Paneth cell number and crypt width decreased. In addition, enterocyte size, villi height, and mucosa, submucosa, and muscular tunic thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: Leishmania modified the quantity of cells in and morphology of mice ilea.
Asunto(s)
Íleon/patología , Íleon/parasitología , Leishmania/patogenicidad , Leishmaniasis/patología , Leishmaniasis/parasitología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Leishmania/clasificación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Abstract INTRODUCTION: Leishmania species cause skin, mucosal, and disseminated lesions. We studied the effects of three Leishmania species on ileal morphology in mice. METHODS: BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Leishmania (Leishmania) major (4 animals/group). After 72h, the ilea were collected and histologically processed. RESULTS: Following inoculation, the goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte populations increased, while Paneth cell number and crypt width decreased. In addition, enterocyte size, villi height, and mucosa, submucosa, and muscular tunic thickness increased. CONCLUSIONS: Leishmania modified the quantity of cells in and morphology of mice ilea.