RESUMEN
Sturgeon, with 4 times higher lipid content than silver carp (ubiquitously applied for surimi production in China), affects surimi gelling properties. However, how the flesh lipids affect gelling properties remains unclear. This study investigated how flesh lipids impact surimi gelling properties and elucidated the interaction mechanism between lipids and proteins. Results revealed yellow meat contains 7 times higher lipids than white meat. Stronger ionic protein-protein interactions were replaced by weaker hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds in protein-lipid interaction. Protein-lipid interaction zones encapsulated lipid particles, changing protein structure from α-helix to ß-sheet structure thereby gel structure becomes flexible and disordered, significantly diminishing surimi gel strength. Docking analysis validated fatty acid mainly binding at Ala577, Ile461, Arg231, Phe165, His665, and His663 of myosin. This study first reported the weakened surimi gelling properties from the perspective of free fatty acids and myosin interactions, offering a theoretical basis for sturgeon surimi production.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Peces , Peces , Geles , Lípidos , Animales , Geles/química , Lípidos/química , Proteínas de Peces/química , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Productos Pesqueros/análisis , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Miosinas/química , Miosinas/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Carpas/metabolismo , Unión ProteicaRESUMEN
Investigations indicated that sn-2 palmitate have positive effects on brain development, although its mechanism remains largely unexamined. This research delved into how a diet abundant in sn-2 palmitate influenced the cognitive behavior of mice and elucidated the associated mechanisms using metabolomics and lipidomics. The study demonstrated that dietary sn-2 palmitate led to improved working memory and cognition in mice, as well as an increase in brain BDNF concentration when compared to those fed blend vegetable oil (BVO). This was because sn-2 palmitate feeding promoted the synthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) for the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in the liver. This led to more efficient delivery of VLCPUFAs to the brain, as indicated by elevated concentration of LPC/LPE-VLCPUFAs in the liver and heightened expression of the major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2a (MFSD2A). In essence, this paper offered a potential mechanism by which sn-2 palmitate enhanced mouse neurodevelopment.
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Encéfalo , Cognición , Hígado , Lisofosfatidilcolinas , Palmitatos , Animales , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/metabolismo , Ratones , Hígado/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Palmitatos/metabolismo , Cognición/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , HumanosRESUMEN
Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped bacteria, designated CDY1-MB1T, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2, were isolated from three marine sediment samples collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus Aequorivita and close to the type strain of Aequorivita vitellina F4716T (with similarities of 98.0-98.1%). Strain CDY1-MB1T can grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and in media with pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7), and tolerate up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CDY1-MB1T were iso-C15â:â0 (20.7%) and iso-C17â:â0 3-OH (12.8%); the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization/average nucleotide identity values between strains CDY1-MB1T, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2 and A. vitellina F4716T were 24.7%/81.6-81.7%, thereby indicating that strain CDY1-MB1T should represent a novel species of the genus Aequorivita. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 37.6 % in all three strains. Genomic analysis showed the presence of genes related to nitrogen and sulphur cycling, as well as metal reduction. The genetic traits of these strains indicate their possible roles in nutrient cycling and detoxification processes, potentially shaping the deep-sea ecosystem's health and resilience. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain CDY1-MB1T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Aequorivita, for which the name Aequorivita flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDY1-MB1T (=MCCC 1A16935T=KCTC 102223T).
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Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Sedimentos Geológicos , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Agua de Mar , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Vitamina K 2 , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Océano Pacífico , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/análisis , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Fosfolípidos/análisis , Fosfatidiletanolaminas , Flavobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Flavobacteriaceae/genética , Flavobacteriaceae/clasificaciónRESUMEN
Lipids play an essential role in skin barrier health. With age, there is a natural reduction of physiological lipids such as fatty acids, ceramides, and cholesterol. The triple lipid restore cream is a moisturizer that contains an optimized lipid ratio for aging skin. The cream contains a 2:4:2 ratio of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids that have been shown to best support aging skin. The triple lipid restore cream has been used in combination with energy-based procedures, to provide patients with comprehensive integrated skincare regimens. With limited clinical data and guidelines available in regenerative medicine, real-world cases serve as an invaluable guide for patients and dermatologists in navigating rejuvenation treatment plans. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23:9(Suppl 1):s3-14.
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Rejuvenecimiento , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Crema para la Piel , Humanos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Crema para la Piel/administración & dosificación , Crema para la Piel/química , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ceramidas/administración & dosificación , Colesterol/administración & dosificación , Resultado del Tratamiento , Técnicas Cosméticas , Terapia por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Ácidos Grasos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/química , Administración Cutánea , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Anciano , Masculino , Agujas , Inducción Percutánea del ColágenoRESUMEN
Oat straw, a residue of Avena sativa L., is recognized for its abundance in cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. However, its potential as a source of lipophilic compounds within the framework of a biorefinery concept still remains unexplored. In this study, we conducted an extensive investigation into the content and chemical composition of the lipophilic compounds present in acetone extracts from oat straws of two distinct oat varieties, namely, Karen and Isaura. Furthermore, we examined their seasonal variability in content and composition in straw samples from oats planted in both spring and winter seasons. The extracted lipophilic compounds were predominantly composed of high molecular weight esters (26.0-38.1%), steroids (16.6-24.0%), n-fatty alcohols (10.9-20.7%), n-fatty acids (10.9-16.0%), and n-aldehydes (10.7-15.8%), with lower amounts of n-alkanes (1.1-3.0%), acylglycerides (2.3-3.8%), phytol and phytyl esters (0.6-2.9%), ß-diketones (0.1-2.5%), triterpenoids (0.9-1.2%), tocopherols and tocopheryl esters (0.2-0.7%), 2-hydroxy fatty acids (0.1-0.2%), and n-alkylresorcinols (0.1%). Notably, these different classes of compounds exhibited variations in their contents depending on the oat variety and the specific planting season. Of particular interest was the Karen variety, which presented significant amounts of high molecular weight esters, free fatty acids, and acylglycerols, especially when it was cultivated during the winter season. These findings underline the potential of oat straw as a valuable resource for lipid extraction within a biorefinery context and emphasize the importance of selecting the appropriate variety and season for optimal lipid yield.
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Avena , Ácidos Grasos , Estaciones del Año , Avena/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ésteres/análisis , Ésteres/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Lípidos/química , Lípidos/análisisRESUMEN
Given the extensive role of lipids in cancer development, there is substantial clinical interest in developing therapies that target lipid metabolism. In this study, we identified one cyclometalated iridium complex (Ir2) that exhibits potent antiproliferation activity in MIA PaCa-2 cells by regulating fatty acid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism simultaneously. Ir2 also efficiently overcomes cisplatin resistance in vitro. Satisfyingly, the generated Ir2@F127 carriers, as a temperature-sensitive in situ gelling system of Ir2, showed effective cancer treatment with minimal side effects in an in vivo xenograft study. To the best of our knowledge, Ir2 is the first reported cyclometalated iridium complex that exerts anticancer activity in MIA PaCa-2 cells by intervening in lipid metabolism, which provides an alternative pathway for the anticancer mechanism of cyclometalated iridium complexes.
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Antineoplásicos , Complejos de Coordinación , Ácidos Grasos , Iridio , Esfingolípidos , Humanos , Iridio/química , Iridio/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntesis química , Animales , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , Complejos de Coordinación/farmacología , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Complejos de Coordinación/síntesis química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Esfingolípidos/metabolismo , Ratones , Oxidación-Reducción , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Desnudos , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto , Reprogramación MetabólicaRESUMEN
Two novel strains, YIM 133132T and YIM 133296, were isolated from lichen samples collected from Yunnan Province, Southwest PR China. YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 are aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, non-motile actinomycetes. They are also catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and YIM 133132T formed flat yellowish colonies that were relatively dry on YIM38 agar medium. Flat yellowish colonies of YIM 133296 were also observed on YIM38 agar medium. YIM 133132T grew at 25-35 °C (optimum 25-30 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 represented members of the genus Luteipulveratus and exhibited high sequence similarity (96.93%) with Luteipulveratus halotolerans C296001T. The genomic DNA G+C content of both strains was 71.8%. The DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH) values between YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 were 85.1%, and the DNA-DNA hybridisation value between YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 and L. halotolerans C296001T was 23.4%. On the basis of the draft genome sequences, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) between strains YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 and L. halotolerans C296001T was 80.8%. The major menaquinones that were identified were MK-8(H4), MK-9 and MK-8(H2). The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. On the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical, genomic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains YIM 133132T and YIM 133296 can be clearly distinguished from L. halotolerans C296001T, and the two strains represent a novel species for which the name L. flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 133132T (CGMCC= 1.61357T and KCTC= 49824T).
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Líquenes , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Líquenes/microbiología , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , FosfolípidosRESUMEN
Two-novel filamentous actinobacteria designated strains 2-2T and 2-15T were isolated from soil of a coal mining site in Mongolia, and their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that each of the strains formed a distinct clade within the genus Amycolatopsis. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis showed that both strains were mostly related to Amycolatopsis rhabdoformis NCIMB 14900T with 99.0 and 99.4% sequence similarity, respectively. The genome-based comparison indicated that strain 2-2T shared the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 35.6% and average nucleotide identity value of 86.9% with Amycolatopsis pretoriensis DSM 44654T, and strain 2-15T shared the corresponding values of 36.5 and 87.9% with A. rhabdoformis NCIMB 14900T, all of which being well below the thresholds for species delineation. The chemotaxonomic properties of both strains were typical of the genus Amycolatopsis. In silico prediction of chemotaxonomic markers was also carried out, and the results were consistent with the chemotaxonomic profiles of the genus. Genome mining for secondary metabolite production in strains 2-2T and 2-15T revealed the presence of 29 and 24 biosynthetic gene clusters involved in the production of polyketide synthase, non-ribosomal peptide synthetase, ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides, lanthipeptide, terpenes, siderophore, and a number of other unknown type compounds. Both strains showed broad antifungal activity against several filamentous fungi and also antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. The phenotypic, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic properties indicated that both strains could be clearly distinguished from other species of Amycolatopsis, and thus the names Amycolatopsis nalaikhensis sp. nov. (type strain, 2-2T=KCTC 29695T=JCM 30462T) and Amycolatopsis carbonis (type strain, 2-15T=KCTC 39525T=JCM 30563T) are proposed accordingly.
Asunto(s)
Amycolatopsis , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Minas de Carbón , ADN Bacteriano , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Mongolia , Ácidos Grasos/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Genoma Bacteriano , Composición de BaseRESUMEN
Two novel actinomycetal strains, designated CC-R113T and CC-R104T, were isolated from the tissues of two macroalgae collected on the northern Portuguese coast. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that strain CT-R113T belongs to the genus Nocardiopsis, being closely related to Nocardiopsis umidischolae 66/93T and Nocardiopsis tropica VKM Ac-1457T, with 98.65 and 98.39â% sequence similarity, respectively. The clade formed between the three type strains was confirmed by phylogenomic analysis. The genome of strain CT-R113T was 7.27 Mb in size with a G+C content of 71.3âmolâ%, with average nucleotide identity (ANI) values of 89.59 and 90.14â% with strains 66/93T and VKM Ac-1457T, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C18â:â1 ω9c, iso-C16â:â0 and anteiso-C17â:â0. Menaquinone 10 (MK-10) was the major respiratory quinone. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain CC-R104T belongs to the genus Rhodococcus and is most closely related to Rhodococcus pyridinivorans DSM 44555T, with 98.24â% sequence similarity. However, phylogenomic analysis revealed that strain CC-R104T establishes a clade with Rhodococcus artemisae DSM 45380T, being more distant from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans DSM 44555T. The genome of strain CC-R104T was 5.34 Mb in size with a G+C content of 67.01âmol%. The ANI value between strains CC-R104T and DSM 45380T was 81.2â% and between strains CC-R104T and DSM 44555T was 81.5â%. The major cellular fatty acids were identified as C18â:â1 ω9c, C16â:â0 and summed feature 3. Menaquinone 8 (MK-8) was the only respiratory quinone. For both CC-R113T and CC-R104T, optimum growth was observed at pH 7.0, 28 °C and 0-5â% NaCl and whole-cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall diamino acid. On the basis of phenotypic, molecular and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains CT-R113T and CC-R104T are considered to represent novel species, for which the names Nocardiopsis codii sp. nov. (type strain CT-R113T=LMG33234T=UCCCB172T) and Rhodococcus chondri sp. nov. (type strain CC-R104T=LMG33233T=UCCCB171T) are proposed.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Rhodococcus , Algas Marinas , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Vitamina K 2 , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Algas Marinas/microbiología , Portugal , Rhodococcus/genética , Rhodococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Rhodococcus/clasificación , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Vitamina K 2/análisis , Actinomycetales/aislamiento & purificación , Actinomycetales/genética , Actinomycetales/clasificación , Genoma BacterianoRESUMEN
Two bacterial strains, Y60-23T and HN-65T, were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from Xiaoshi Island, Weihai, and Dongzhai Harbour, Haikou, PR China, respectively. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain Y60-23T exhibited 96.0% similarity to its most related type strain Hyphobacterium vulgare KCTC 52487T, while strain HN-65T exhibited 97.3% similarity to its most related type strain Hyphobacterium indicum 2ED5T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two strains was 95.8%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains Y60-23T and HN-65T belonged to the genus Hyphobacterium. Cells of strains Y60-23T and HN-65T were rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, prosthecate and multiplied by binary fission. The major cellular fatty acids (>10.0%) of strain Y60-23T were C18â:â1 ω7c and C17â:â0, while those of strain HN-65T were iso-C17â:â1 ω9c, iso-C17â:â0 and C18â:â1 ω7c. The major respiratory quinone in both strains was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the major polar lipids were monoglycosyl diglyceride, sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and glucuronopyranosyl diglyceride. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains Y60-23T and HN-65T were 63.9 and 60.7 mol%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity value between the two strains was 72.1% and the DNA-DNA hybridization value was 18.4%, clearly distinguishing them from each other. According to the results of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic analyses, the two strains represented two novel species within the genus Hyphobacterium, for which the names Hyphobacterium marinum sp. nov. and Hyphobacterium lacteum sp. nov. were proposed with the type strains Y60-23T (=MCCC 1H01433T=KCTC 8172T) and HN-65T (=MCCC 1H01434T=KCTC 8169T), respectively.
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Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Sedimentos Geológicos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , ADN Bacteriano/genética , China , Hyphomicrobiaceae/genética , Hyphomicrobiaceae/clasificación , Hyphomicrobiaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Agua de Mar/microbiología , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivados , Fosfolípidos/análisisRESUMEN
This study used the Soxhlet apparatus to investigate honne oil (HO) extraction optimization. Twenty-four (24) experiments were formulated using the D-optimal design considering extraction time (2 - 6 h), honne weight (20 - 60 g), and particle size using acetone. The yield, functional groups, physical and chemical properties, and fatty acid composition of the HO were assessed. The optimal extraction conditions established were a time of 6 h, fine particle size, and honne weight of 20 g with a high HO yield of 70.85 wt.%. The HO had an acid value and kinematic viscosity of 35.68 mg KOH/g oil and 52.96 mm 2 /s, respectively. The observed coefficient of determination of 0.9870 suggests that the model developed for the process is efficient. The functional groups and fatty acids of the HO confirm that it is highly unsaturated with the regions of trans-unsaturation bending vibrations and double bond stretching. The properties of the HO demonstrate that it could be used to produce biodiesel, notwithstanding the necessity for pretreatment.
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Calophyllum , Tamaño de la Partícula , Aceites de Plantas , Semillas , Aceites de Plantas/aislamiento & purificación , Aceites de Plantas/química , Semillas/química , Calophyllum/química , Viscosidad , Ácidos Grasos/aislamiento & purificación , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Factores de Tiempo , Acetona/química , Biocombustibles , Fenómenos QuímicosRESUMEN
Two new strains JP48T and JP55 affiliated with the acidobacterial class Terriglobia have been isolated from fen soil sampled in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains near Bayreuth, Germany. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that divide by binary fission, segregate exopolysaccharide-like material and form capsules. Strains JP48T and JP55 grew at 4-36 °C (optimum at 27 °C), pH 3.6-7.3 (optimum at pH 4.6-5.5) and with NaCl concentrations of 0-3% (optimum at 1.0%; w/v). Strains JP48T and JP55 grew aerobically on a wide range of organic substrates including mono- and oligosaccharides, amino acids and short-chained fatty acids. MK-8 was identified as the major respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids for strains JP48T and JP55 were iso-C15â:â0, C16â:â1 ω7c, C16â:â0 and iso-diabolic acid. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysophophatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified glyco- and glycophospholipids, and unidentified high mass lipid species were the major polar membrane lipids. The G+C content of strains JP48T and JP55 was 57.4 and 57.2 mol%, respectively. The genomes of strains JP48T and JP55 contained nine potential secondary metabolite regions encoding for the compound classes NRPS(-like), T3PKS, terpene, or lanthipeptide class IV. Phylogenetic reconstruction and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3 and 96.9% identified Edaphobacter dinghuensis DHF9T and Edaphobacter lichenicola DSM 104462T as the most closely related type strains to strains JP48T and JP55. Based on their phenotype, phylogeny and chemotaxonomy, we propose the novel species Edaphobacter paludis sp. nov. (type strain JP48T=DSM 109919T=CECT 30269T; additional strain JP55=DSM 109920=CECT 30268) within the class Terriglobia of the phylum Acidobacteriota.
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Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Microbiología del Suelo , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Alemania , Vitamina K 2/análogos & derivados , Quinonas/análisis , Acidobacteria/genética , Acidobacteria/clasificación , Acidobacteria/aislamiento & purificación , Fosfolípidos/químicaRESUMEN
To prepare very-long-chain fatty acids and alkenes (VLCFAs and VLC alkenes) that are known pollinator attractants for sexually deceptive orchids, and biosynthetic precursors thereof, we applied a methodology allowing us to prepare monounsaturated VLCFAs with chain lengths up to 28 carbons and VLC alkenes up to 31 carbons. We implemented a coupling reaction between commercially available terminal alkynes and bromoalkanoic acids to prepare VLCFAs, allowing the products to be formed in two steps. For VLC alkenes, with many alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides commercially available, we applied a Wittig reaction approach to prepare (Z)-configured monoenes in a single step. Using practical methods not requiring special reagents or equipment, we obtained 11 VLCFAs in > 90% isomeric purity, and 17 VLC alkenes in > 97% isomeric purity. Such general and accessible synthetic methods are essential for chemical ecology and biochemistry research to aid researchers in unambiguously identifying isolated semiochemicals and their precursors.
Asunto(s)
Alquenos , Polinización , Alquenos/química , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/química , Feromonas/química , Animales , Orchidaceae/química , Ácidos Grasos/químicaRESUMEN
Piper colubrinum Link. is an underexplored crop regarding its metabolites and therapeutic attributes. Current study aimed to identify the possible volatile and non-volatile metabolites of P. colubrinum fruit and studied its metabolite diversity with medicinally valued Piper species viz. P. nigrum L., P. longum L. and P. chaba Hunter. The volatile constituents of P. colubrinum essential oil by GC-MS revealed the presence of sesquiterpenes as the major contribution. The sesquiterpenes α-muurolol (12.5 %) and ß-caryophyllene (11.3 %) were the predominant volatile components. Few aliphatic compounds like n-heptadecane and trace amounts of monoterpenes (α- and ß-pinene and α-terpineol) were also identified from this crop. The fatty acid profiling by GC-MS revealed mainly oleic acid (41.3 %) followed by palmitic and linoleic acids. HPLC analysis demonstrated that the major pungent alkaloid piperine was found to be trace (0.04 %) in P. colubrinum. The LC-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of the chloroform extract of the P. colubrinum revealed the presence of non-volatile constituents including phenolic and alkaloid compounds. Ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, salicylic acid, kaempferol-5-glucoside, 5-methoxysalicylic acid, apigenin-7-galactoside, kaempferide-3-glucoside, luteolin, kaempferol, apigenin and scutellarein-4'-methyl ether were the phenolic compounds whereas piperlonguminine was the alkaloid compound identified. Finally, the biochemical parameters of this crop were compared with that of P. nigrum, P. longum and P. chaba and average linkage cluster dendrogram revealed that P. colubrinum was biochemically distinct from other three Piper species.
Asunto(s)
Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Piper , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Piper/química , Piper/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites Volátiles/metabolismo , Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , MetabolomaRESUMEN
Understanding fungal lipid biology and metabolism is critical for antifungal target discovery as lipids play central roles in cellular processes. Nuances in lipid structural differences can significantly impact their functions, making it necessary to characterize lipids in detail to understand their roles in these complex systems. In particular, lipid double bond (DB) locations are an important component of lipid structure that can only be determined using a few specialized analytical techniques. Ozone-induced dissociation mass spectrometry (OzID-MS) is one such technique that uses ozone to break lipid DBs, producing pairs of characteristic fragments that allow the determination of DB positions. In this work, we apply OzID-MS and LipidOz software to analyze the complex lipids of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains transformed with different fatty acid desaturases from Histoplasma capsulatum to determine the specific unsaturated lipids produced. The automated data analysis in LipidOz made the determination of DB positions from this large dataset more practical, but manual verification for all targets was still time-consuming. The DL model reduces manual involvement in data analysis, but since it was trained using mammalian lipid extracts, the prediction accuracy on yeast-derived data was reduced. We addressed both shortcomings by retraining the DL model to act as a pre-filter to prioritize targets for automated analysis, providing confident manually verified results but requiring less computational time and manual effort. Our workflow resulted in the determination of detailed DB positions and enzymatic specificity.
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Aprendizaje Profundo , Ozono , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Flujo de Trabajo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/química , Ozono/química , Histoplasma/química , Histoplasma/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Programas Informáticos , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/química , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Lípidos/químicaRESUMEN
Two novel rod-shaped, strictly aerobic, non-motile and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains, designated SDUM040013T and SDUM040014T, were isolated from kelp seedlings in Weihai, PR China. Cells of strain SDUM040013T were 0.3-0.4 µm wide and 0.8-1.8 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Growth of SDUM040013T was observed at 0-37 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 5.5-9 (optimum, pH 8.0) and in the presence of 1-8â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2â%). The DNA G+C content of strain SDUM040013T was 50.5â%. Strain SDUM040013T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (97.1â%) to Gilvimarinus chinensis. Cells of strain SDUM040014T were 0.4-0.5 µm wide and 1.0-1.4 µm long, catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. Growth of SDUM040014T was observed at 4-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C) and pH 5.5-9 (optimum, pH 8.5) and in the presence of 0-8â% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2â%). The DNA G+C content of strain SDUM040014T was 56.5â%. Strain SDUM040014T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.2%) to Gilvimarinus polysaccharolyticus. The isoprenoid quinone of both strains was Q-8 and the predominant fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16â:â1 ω7c and/or C16â:â1 ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18â:â1 ω7c) and C16â:â0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids. Given these phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, as well as phylogenetic data, strains SDUM040013T and SDUM040014T were considered to represent two novel species of the genus Gilvimarinus, for which the names Gilvimarinus gilvus sp. nov. and Gilvimarinus algae sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are SDUM040013T (=KCTC 8123T=MCCC 1H01413T) and SDUM040014T (=KCTC 8124T=MCCC 1H01414T), respectively.
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Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Kelp , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Plantones , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Ácidos Grasos/química , China , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Kelp/microbiología , Plantones/microbiología , Ubiquinona/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
A Gram-stain-negative, light khaki, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, motile via multiple flagella, and catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated as SSM4.3T, was isolated from the seaweed of Gouqi Island in the East China Sea. The novel isolate grows at 0-5.0% NaCl concentrations (w/v) (optimum 1%), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and 15-37 °C (optimum 30 °C). The 16S rRNA gene sequences-based phylogeny indicates that the novel marine isolate belongs to the family Rhizobiaceae and that it shared the greatest sequence similarity (98.9%) with Peteryoungia rhizophila CGMCC 1.15691T. This classification was also supported by phylogenetic analysis using core genes. The predominant fatty acids (≥ 10%) of the strain were identified as C18:1 ω7c/C18:1 ω6c. Q-10 was identified as the major isoprenoid quinone, with trace levels of Q-9 present. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The complete genome size of strain SSM4.3T is 4.39 Mb with a DNA G+C content of 61.3%. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity values between the genomes of strain SSM4.3T and its closely related representatives were 74.80-86.93%, 20.00-32.30%, and 70.30-91.52%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis, grounded on the core genes, reveals the evolutionary relationship between SSM4.3T and other Peteryoungia strains. Pan-genomics analysis of 8 previously classified Peteryoungia species and SSM4.3T revealed their unique genetic features and functions. Overall, strain SSM4.3T was considered to be a new species of the Peteryoungia genus; the name Peteryoungia algae sp. nov. has been proposed, with type strain SSM4.3T (= LMG 32561 = MCCC 1K07170).
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Composición de Base , ADN Bacteriano , Ácidos Grasos , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Algas Marinas , China , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Algas Marinas/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Genoma Bacteriano , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Islas , Hibridación de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Attenuating the moisture sensitivity of hydrophilic protein/polysaccharide-based films without impairing other properties remains a challenge. Fatty acid dispersed in Pickering emulsion was proposed to overcome such issue. An increase in fatty acid chain length slightly reduced the water vapor permeability (WVP) of emulsion films. As the number of fatty acid double bonds increased from 0 to 1, the WVP of emulsion films was significantly decreased by 14.02% while mechanical properties were significantly enhanced. More hydrogen bonds and stronger electrostatic interactions in the presence of fatty acids were observed by molecular dynamics simulation. The weight loss of bananas coated with oleic acid-incorporated film-forming emulsion was 6.81% lower than that of uncoated group after 4 days, and the corresponding film was more effective to delay oil oxidation than the commercial polypropylene film, indicating that the film is a promising alternative to food coating and packaging material.
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Alginatos , Ácidos Grasos , Embalaje de Alimentos , Musa , Oryza , Permeabilidad , Proteínas de Plantas , Agua , Embalaje de Alimentos/instrumentación , Musa/química , Oryza/química , Agua/química , Alginatos/química , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Ácidos Grasos/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Conservación de Alimentos/instrumentación , Vapor , Aceites de Plantas/química , Emulsiones/químicaRESUMEN
Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical organelles that localize in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Different proteins are embedded on the surface of LDs, so LDs play a vital role in the physiological activities of cells. The dysregulation of LDs is associated with various human diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, it is essential to develop a fluorescent dye that labels LDs to detect and monitor illnesses. In this study, we developed the compound BDAA12C for staining LDs in cells. BDAA12C exhibits excellent LD specificity and low toxicity, enabling us to successfully stain and observe the fusion of LDs in A549 cancer cells. Furthermore, we also successfully distinguished A549 cancer cells and MRC-5 normal cells in a co-culture experiment and in normal and tumour tissues. Interestingly, we found different localizations of BDAA12C in well-fed and starved A549 cancer cells and consequently illustrated the transfer of fatty acids (FAs) from LDs to mitochondria to supply energy for ß-oxidation upon starvation. Therefore, BDAA12C is a promising LD-targeted probe for cancer diagnosis and tracking lipid trafficking within cells.
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Colorantes Fluorescentes , Gotas Lipídicas , Humanos , Gotas Lipídicas/metabolismo , Gotas Lipídicas/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Células A549 , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/química , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Acridinas/química , Microscopía FluorescenteRESUMEN
A newly developed pesticide, flupentiofenox, has a unique trifluoroethyl phenylsulfoxide structure, and it powerfully affects spider mites, including those with resistance to multiple commercial acaricides. To clarify the mode of action of flupentiofenox, we investigated its effect on mitochondrial energy generation. We observed that flupentiofenox decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in two-spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) at a practical dose. Flupentiofenox potently inhibited mitochondrial oxygen consumption under conditions of palmitoyl-carnitine or octanoic acid supply, but not under conditions of pyruvate supply. These results show that flupentiofenox inhibits the mitochondrial fatty acid metabolic pathway between the uptake of long-chain acylcarnitine or medium-chain fatty acid and the synthesis of acetyl-CoA by ß-oxidation, resulting in suppressed mitochondrial energy generation. Our investigations have led us to conclude that flupentiofenox is a pesticide with a novel mode of action.