RESUMEN

Solution blowing process was used to prepare cellulose nonwovens, by using N-methyl morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as solvent, and salicylic acid (SA) microcapsules as antibacterial additives. The structure and properties of cellulose nonwovens modified with different SA microcapsules contents were compared and evaluated. The results showed that more uniform and denser web structure was formed with the increase of SA microcapsules content, the average fiber diameter of cellulose nonwoven increased from 1.99 µm to 2.65 µm. The air flow resistance and filtration efficiency of cellulose nonwovens increased with addition of SA microcapsules, whereas the mechanical properties, and wearing comfort including air permeability, moisture vapor transfer rate, and softness of cellulose nonwovens decreased slightly, under the same basis weight. SA microcapsules modified cellulose nonwovens exhibited good sustained-release behavior and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The higher SA microcapsules content in cellulose nonwovens, the faster release rate and the higher antimicrobial activity. The cellulose solution-blown nonwovens modified with SA microcapsules are expected to find applications in medical and healthcare fields due to its antibacterial activity and biodegradability.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Cápsulas , Celulosa , Escherichia coli , Ácido Salicílico , Solventes , Celulosa/química , Ácido Salicílico/química , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Solventes/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Soluciones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana

RESUMEN

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) is a wild berry species that is prevalent in northern Europe. It is renowned and well-documented for its nutritional and bioactive properties, especially due to its anthocyanin content. However, an overview of biological systems governing changes in other crucial quality traits, such as size, firmness, and flavours, has received less attention. In the present study, we investigated detailed metabolomic and proteomic profiles at four different ripening stages of bilberry to provide a comprehensive understanding of overall quality during fruit ripening. By integrating omics datasets, we revealed a novel global regulatory network of plant hormones and physiological processes occurring during bilberry ripening. Key physiological processes, such as energy and primary metabolism, strongly correlate with elevated levels of gibberellic acids, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid in unripe fruits. In contrast, as the fruit ripened, processes including flavour formation, cell wall modification, seed storage, and secondary metabolism became more prominent, and these were associated with increased abscisic acid levels. An indication of the increase in ethylene biosynthesis was detected during bilberry development, raising questions about the classification of non-climacteric and climacteric fruits. Our findings extend the current knowledge on the physiological and biochemical processes occurring during fruit ripening, which can serve as a baseline for studies on both wild and commercially grown berry species. Furthermore, our data may facilitate the optimization of storage conditions and breeding programs, as well as the future exploration of beneficial compounds in berries for new applications in food, cosmetics, and medicines.

Asunto(s)

Frutas , Metabolómica , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Proteómica , Vaccinium myrtillus , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Proteómica/métodos , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Vaccinium myrtillus/metabolismo , Vaccinium myrtillus/genética , Vaccinium myrtillus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Etilenos/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo

RESUMEN

In plants, a local infection can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) through increased production of salicylic acid (SA). For many years, the identity of the mobile signal and its direct transduction mechanism for systemic SA synthesis in initiating SAR have been debated. We found that in Arabidopsis thaliana, after a local infection, the conserved cysteine residue of the transcription factor CCA1 HIKING EXPEDITION (CHE) undergoes sulfenylation in systemic tissues, which enhances its binding to the promoter of the SA-synthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1) and increases SA production. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced through NADPH oxidases is the mobile signal that sulfenylates CHE in a concentration-dependent manner. Accumulation of SA and the previously reported signal molecules, such as N-hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), then form a signal amplification loop to establish SAR.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Ácido Salicílico , Factores de Transcripción , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Transferasas Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Transferasas Intramoleculares/genética , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , NADPH Oxidasas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Cisteína/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Pseudomonas syringae

RESUMEN

Acne can cause disfiguring sequelae, such as scarring, post-inflammatory erythema (PIE), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). These post-inflammatory dyschromias pose a significant psychological burden on patients. This burden disproportionately affects skin of color (SOC) patients and can be the most distressing aspect of acne in SOC patients with skin types IV to VI. Multiple non-ablative lasers are used in the treatment of acne-related PIE and PIH. Combination therapies have shown promise in conditions such as rosacea, acne, and post-inflammatory dyschromia. Addressing both the inflammatory and scarring components of acne is key. Given the role of oxidation in the inflammatory cascade, including antioxidants could be an efficacious adjuvant with non-ablative lasers. This is a single-site, randomized, controlled clinical study of 25 subjects with skin types I to VI with facial PIE and/or PIH from acne. The primary objective was to investigate the clinical efficacy of non-ablative laser therapy followed by the topical application of Silymarin/Salicylic Acid/L-Ascorbic Acid/Ferulic Acid (SSAF) or control in the improvement in oily skin patients with facial PIE and PIH due to acne lesions. There was a statistically significant decrease in PIH and intralesional melanin in patients treated with a combination SSAF and non-ablative laser therapy. Improvement of both PIE and PIH was augmented in combination with SSAF and laser-treated patients compared with the laser-only group, with a concomitant increase in collagen density. This was even more strikingly marked in the SOC subjects, potentially providing an energy-based device (EBD)-based therapy in this population. Limitations of this study include small sample size and length of post-treatment follow-up. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(9):769-773. doi:10.36849/JDD.8309.

Asunto(s)

Acné Vulgar , Administración Cutánea , Antioxidantes , Hiperpigmentación , Humanos , Acné Vulgar/terapia , Acné Vulgar/complicaciones , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Hiperpigmentación/terapia , Hiperpigmentación/etiología , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Terapia Combinada , Adulto Joven , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adolescente , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Eritema/etiología , Eritema/terapia , Ácido Salicílico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Pigmentación de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Pigmentación de la Piel/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Global warming is a leading environmental stress that reduces plant productivity worldwide. Several beneficial microorganisms reduce stress; however, the mechanism by which plant-microbe interactions occur and reduce stress remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mutualistic interaction between the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strain SH-19 and soybeans of the Pungsannamul variety. The results showed that SH-19 possessed several plant growth-promoting traits, such as the production of indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, and exopolysaccharide, and had the capacity for phosphate solubilisation. The heat tolerance assay showed that SH-19 could withstand temperatures up to 45 °C. The strain SH-19 was identified as P. megaterium using the 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequence technique. Inoculation of soybeans with SH-19 improved seedling characteristics under high-temperature stress. This may be due to an increase in the endogenous salicylic acid level and a decrease in the abscisic acid level compared with the negative control group. The strain of SH-19 increased the activity of the endogenous antioxidant defense system, resulting in the upregulation of GSH (44.8%), SOD (23.1%), APX (11%), and CAT (52.6%). Furthermore, this study involved the transcription factors GmHSP, GmbZIP1, and GmNCED3. The findings showed upregulation of the two transcription factors GmbZIP1 (17%), GmNCED3 (15%) involved in ABA biosynthesis and induced stomatal regulation, similarly, a downregulation of the expression pattern of GmHSP by 25% was observed. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the strain SH-19 promotes plant growth, reduces high-temperature stress, and improves physiological parameters by regulating endogenous phytohormones, the antioxidant defense system, and genetic expression. The isolated strain (SH-19) could be commercialized as a biofertilizer.

Asunto(s)

Glycine max , Glycine max/microbiología , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/metabolismo , Glycine max/fisiología , Respuesta al Choque Térmico , Transducción de Señal , Burkholderiales/genética , Burkholderiales/fisiología , Burkholderiales/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Simbiosis , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo

RESUMEN

DEFENSE NO DEATH 1 (DND1) is a cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel protein. Earlier, it was shown that the silencing of DND1 in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) leads to resistance to late blight, powdery mildew, and gray mold diseases. At the same time, however, it can reduce plant growth and cause leaf necrosis. To obtain knowledge of the molecular events behind the pleiotropic effect of DND1 downregulation in the potato, metabolite and transcriptome analyses were performed on three DND1 silenced lines of the cultivar 'Désirée.' A massive increase in the salicylic acid content of leaves was detected. Concentrations of jasmonic acid and chlorogenic acid and their derivatives were also elevated. Expression of 1866 genes was altered in the same way in all three DND1 silenced lines, including those related to the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The activation of several alleles of leaf rust, late blight, and other disease resistance genes, as well as the induction of pathogenesis-related genes, was detected. WRKY and NAC transcription factor families were upregulated, whereas bHLHs were downregulated, indicating their central role in transcriptome changes. These results suggest that the maintenance of the constitutive defense state leads to the reduced growth of DND1 silenced potato plants.

Asunto(s)

Ciclopentanos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hojas de la Planta , Proteínas de Plantas , Solanum tuberosum , Transcriptoma , Solanum tuberosum/genética , Solanum tuberosum/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Silenciador del Gen , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Metabolismo Secundario/genética

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Fusarium head blight (FHB) significantly impacts wheat yield and quality. Understanding the intricate interaction mechanisms between Fusarium graminearum (the main pathogen of FHB) and wheat is crucial for developing effective strategies to manage and this disease. Our previous studies had shown that the absence of the cell wall mannoprotein FgCWM1, located at the outermost layer of the cell wall, led to a decrease in the pathogenicity of F. graminearum and induced the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA) in wheat. Hence, we propose that FgCWM1 may play a role in interacting between F. graminearum and wheat, as its physical location facilitates interaction effects. RESULTS: In this study, we have identified that the C-terminal region of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9 (NDUFA9) could interact with FgCWM1 through the yeast two-hybrid assay. The interaction was further confirmed through the combination of Co-IP and BiFC analyses. Consistently, the results of subcellular localization indicated that TaNDUFA9 was localized in the cytoplasm adjacent to the cell membrane and chloroplasts. The protein was also detected to be associated with mitochondria and positively regulated complex I activity. The loss-of-function mutant of TaNDUFA9 exhibited a delay in flowering, decreased seed setting rate, and reduced pollen fertility. However, it exhibited elevated levels of SA and increased resistance to FHB caused by F. graminearum infection. Meanwhile, inoculation with the FgCWM1 deletion mutant strain led to increased synthesis of SA in wheat. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that TaNDUFA9 inhibits SA synthesis and FHB resistance in wheat. FgCWM1 enhances this inhibition by interacting with the C-terminal region of TaNDUFA9, ultimately facilitating F. graminearum infection in wheat. This study provides new insights into the interaction mechanism between F. graminearum and wheat. TaNDUFA9 could serve as a target gene for enhancing wheat resistance to FHB.

Asunto(s)

Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Fusarium , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Ácido Salicílico , Triticum , Triticum/microbiología , Triticum/genética , Triticum/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Fusarium/fisiología , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Pathogenesis-related proteins (PR), including osmotins, play a vital role in plant defense, being activated in response to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Despite their significance, the mechanistic insights into the role of osmotins in plant defense have not been extensively explored. The present study explores the cloning and characterization of the osmotin gene (WsOsm) from Withania somnifera, aiming to illuminate its role in plant defense mechanisms. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed significant induction of WsOsm in response to various phytohormones e.g. abscisic acid, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, brassinosteroids, and ethrel, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses like heat, cold, salt, and drought. To further elucidate WsOsm's functional role, we overexpressed the gene in Nicotiana tabacum, resulting in heightened resistance against the Alternaria solani pathogen. Additionally, we observed enhancements in shoot length, root length, and root biomass in the transgenic tobacco plants compared to wild plants. Notably, the WsOsm- overexpressing seedlings demonstrated improved salt and drought stress tolerance, particularly at the seedling stage. Confocal histological analysis of H2O2 and biochemical studies of antioxidant enzyme activities revealed higher levels in the WsOsm overexpressing lines, indicating enhanced antioxidant defense. Furthermore, a pull-down assay and mass spectrometry analysis revealed a potential interaction between WsOsm and defensin, a known antifungal PR protein (WsDF). This suggests a novel role of WsOsm in mediating plant defense responses by interacting with other PR proteins. Overall, these findings pave the way for potential future applications of WsOsm in developing stress-tolerant crops and improving plant defense strategies against pathogens.

Asunto(s)

Defensinas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Nicotiana , Proteínas de Plantas , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Estrés Fisiológico , Withania , Withania/genética , Withania/fisiología , Withania/metabolismo , Withania/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/fisiología , Nicotiana/efectos de los fármacos , Nicotiana/microbiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Defensinas/genética , Defensinas/metabolismo , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Alternaria/fisiología , Sequías , Plantones/genética , Plantones/fisiología , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/fisiología

RESUMEN

Lead is one of the major environmental pollutants which is highly toxic to plants and living beings. The current investigation thoroughly evaluated the synergistic effects of oxalic acid (OA) and salicylic acid (SA) on Zea mays L. plants subjected to varying durations (15, 30, 30, and 45 days) of lead (Pb) stress. Besides, the effects of oxalic acid (OA) combined with salicylic acid (SA) for different amino acids at various periods of Pb stress were also investigated on Zea mays L. The soil was treated with lead nitrate Pb (NO3)2 (0.5 mM) to induce Pb stress while the stressed plants were further treated using oxalic acid (25 mg/L), salicylic acid (25 mg/L), and their combination OA + SA (25 mg/L each). Measurements of protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, GSH content, and Pb concentration in maize leaves were done during this study. MDA levels increased by 71% under Pb stress, while protein content decreased by 56%, GSH content by 35%, and CAT activity by 46%. After treatment with SA, OA, and OA+SA, there was a significant reversal of these damages, with the OA+SA combination showing the highest improvement. Specifically, OA+SA treatment led to a 45% increase in protein content and a 39% reduction in MDA levels compared to Pb treatment alone. Moreover, amino acid concentrations increased by 68% under the Pb+OA+SA treatment, reflecting the most significant recovery (p < 0.0001).

Asunto(s)

Aminoácidos , Plomo , Malondialdehído , Ácido Oxálico , Ácido Salicílico , Estrés Fisiológico , Zea mays , Zea mays/efectos de los fármacos , Zea mays/metabolismo , Plomo/toxicidad , Ácido Oxálico/metabolismo , Ácido Oxálico/farmacología , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Estrés Fisiológico/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The endogenous stress metabolite ß-aminobutyric acid (BABA) primes plants for enhanced resistance against abiotic and biotic stress by activating a complex phytohormone signaling network that includes abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET). In this study, through stringent filtering, we identify 14 master regulatory transcription factors (TFs) from the DOF, AHL, and ERF families that potentially regulate the biosynthesis and signaling of these phytohormones. Transcriptional analysis of BABA-treated Arabidopsis thaliana and Hordeum vulgare suggests that DOF family TFs play a crucial role in stress response regulation in both species. BABA treatment in A. thaliana upregulates the TFs MNB1A and PBF and enhances the expression of the genes ICS1, EDS5, and WIN3 in the SA biosynthesis pathway, potentially boosting NPR1 and PR1 in the SA signaling pathway. Conversely, in H. vulgare, the BABA-induced upregulation of TF DOF5.8 may negatively regulate SA biosynthesis by downregulating ICS1, EDS5, and PR1. Additionally, in A. thaliana, BABA triggers the expression of TF PBF, which may result in the decreased expression of MYC2, a key gene in JA signaling. In contrast, H. vulgare exhibits increased expression of ERF2 TF, which could positively regulate the JA biosynthesis genes LOX and Tify9, along with the COI1 and JAZ genes involved in the JA signaling pathway. These findings offer new perspectives on the transcriptional regulation of phytohormones during plant priming.

Asunto(s)

Aminobutiratos , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Hordeum , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Transducción de Señal , Factores de Transcripción , Hordeum/genética , Hordeum/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Aminobutiratos/farmacología , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Leaf senescence is a crucial process throughout evolution, vital for plant fitness as it facilitates the gradual shift of energy allocation between photosynthesis and catabolism overtime. This onset is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, making senescence a key adaptation mechanism for plants in their natural habitats. Our study investigated the genetic mechanism underlying age-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural populations. Using a phenome high-throughput investigator, we comprehensively analyzed senescence responses across 234 Arabidopsis accessions and identified that environmental factors (e.g., ambient temperature) and physiological factors (e.g., defense responses) are substantially linked to senescence phenotypes. Through genome-wide association mapping, we identified the ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) locus as a potential regulator of senescence variation among natural accessions. Knocking out ACD6 in accessions with early and delayed senescence phenotypes resulted in varying degrees of delay in age-induced senescence, highlighting the accession-dependent regulatory role of ACD6 in leaf senescence. Furthermore, our findings suggest ACD6's involvement in senescence regulation via the salicylic acid signaling pathway. In summary, our study sheds light on the genetic regulation of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis natural populations, with the discovery of ACD6 as a potential candidate for genetic modification to enhance plant adaptation and survival.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Hojas de la Planta , Senescencia de la Planta , Ácido Salicílico , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Senescencia de la Planta/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Fenotipo , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Transducción de Señal , Ancirinas

RESUMEN

The study aimed to assess the effects of nine combinations of phytohormones, salicylic acid (SA), gibberellic acid (GA), and jasmonic acid (JA) on the growth, physiology, and biochemistry of Aurantiochytrium sp. Parameters like optical density (OD), biomass, protein content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity (CAT), and gene expression (malic enzyme (ME) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)) were assessed at various cultivation stages (24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The research also analyzed fatty acid composition, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), and the UFA to SFA ratio (USS) to understand the biochemical changes induced by phytohormones. Results demonstrated that modifying phytohormone concentrations significantly affected the characteristics of the microalgae, particularly in correlation with different growth stages, emphasizing the necessity of precise control of phytohormone levels for optimizing cultivation conditions and enhancing bioactive compound production in Aurantiochytrium sp.

Asunto(s)

Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Estramenopilos , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Estramenopilos/efectos de los fármacos , Estramenopilos/metabolismo , Estramenopilos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Microalgas/efectos de los fármacos , Microalgas/metabolismo , Microalgas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biomasa , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/farmacología , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Giberelinas/farmacología , Giberelinas/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/farmacología , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo

RESUMEN

WRKY transcription factors (TFs) can participate in plant biological stress responses and play important roles. SlWRKY80 was found to be differentially expressed in the Mi-1- and Mi-3-resistant tomato lines by RNA-seq and may serve as a key node for disease resistance regulation. This study used RNAi to determine whether SlWRKY80 silencing could influence the sensitivity of 'M82' (mi-1/mi-1)-susceptible lines to M. incognita. Further overexpression of this gene revealed a significant increase in tomato disease resistance, ranging from highly susceptible to susceptible, combined with the identification of growth (plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area) and physiological (soluble sugars and proteins; root activity) indicators, clarifying the role of SlWRKY80 as a positive regulatory factor in tomato defense against M. incognita. Based on this phenomenon, a preliminary exploration of its metabolic signals revealed that SlWRKY80 stimulates different degrees of signaling, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ETH), and may synergistically regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and scavenging enzyme activity, hindering the formation of feeding sites and ultimately leading to the reduction of root gall growth. To our knowledge, SlWRKY80 has an extremely high utilization value for improving tomato resistance to root-knot nematodes and breeding.

Asunto(s)

Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Factores de Transcripción , Tylenchoidea , Solanum lycopersicum/parasitología , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tylenchoidea/fisiología , Tylenchoidea/patogenicidad , Animales , Enfermedades de las Plantas/parasitología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/parasitología , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Plant infections caused by fungi lead to significant crop losses worldwide every year. This study aims to better understand the plant defence mechanisms regulated by red light, in particular, the effects of red light at night when most phytopathogens are highly infectious. Our results showed that superoxide production significantly increased immediately after red light exposure and, together with hydrogen peroxide levels, was highest at dawn after 30 min of nocturnal red-light treatment. In parallel, red-light-induced expression and increased the activities of several antioxidant enzymes. The nocturnal red light did not affect salicylic acid but increased jasmonic acid levels immediately after illumination, whereas abscisic acid levels increased 3 h after nocturnal red-light exposure at dawn. Based on the RNAseq data, red light immediately increased the transcription of several chloroplastic chlorophyll a-b binding protein and circadian rhythm-related genes, such as Constans 1, CONSTANS interacting protein 1 and zinc finger protein CONSTANS-LIKE 10. In addition, the levels of several transcription factors were also increased after red light exposure, such as the DOF zinc finger protein and a MYB transcription factor involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and defence responses in tomato. In addition to identifying these key transcription factors in tomato, the application of red light at night for one week not only reactivated key antioxidant enzymes at the gene and enzyme activity level at dawn but also contributed to a more efficient and successful defence against Botrytis cinerea infection.

Asunto(s)

Botrytis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Luz , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Botrytis/fisiología , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/efectos de la radiación , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de la radiación , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Ritmo Circadiano/efectos de la radiación , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Luz Roja

RESUMEN

This study uncovers the potential of salicylic acid (SA) and synthetic Strigolactone (GR24) in enhancing menthol biosynthesis and antioxidant defense mechanisms in Mentha piperita L. Our comprehensive analysis, which included a series of controlled experiments and data analysis of the effects of these phytohormones on enzymatic antioxidants catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and non-enzymatic antioxidants, including carotenoids and proline, revealed promising results. The study also examined their impact on lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels, and the expression of genes critical to menthol and menthofuran synthesis. The results indicated that SA and GR24 significantly increased menthol production and reduced the levels of menthofuran and pulegone, suggesting upregulation in the plant's innate defense systems. Furthermore, the activities of CAT and APX were elevated, reflecting a strengthened antioxidant response. Interestingly, the menthofuran synthase (MFS) was higher in the control group. At the same time, pulegone reductase (PR) genes and menthol dehydrogenase (MDH) gene expression were upregulated, highlighting the protective effects of SA and GR24. These findings underscore the potential of SA and GR24 to serve as effective bio-stimulants, improving the quality and resilience of peppermint plants and thereby contributing to eco-friendly agricultural practices in pollution-stressed environments.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Mentha piperita , Fitoquímicos , Ácido Salicílico , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Lactonas/farmacología , Lactonas/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Mentol/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Catalasa/metabolismo , Catalasa/genética

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of using drain water as a source of irrigation and its effects along with salicylic acid on morphological, anatomical, physico-chemical as well as yield attributes of potato. For this study, potato tubers were grown in pots and irrigated with different concentrations of drain water. Salicylic acid treatments vis. 0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM were applied foliarly. Pre- and post-harvest analysis was carried out to determine different attributes of soil, water and plants after 60 days. RESULTS: The growth of potato plant was increased as the concentration of SA increased through increasing shoot length, fresh/dry weight and tuber number/plant. In this research work, plant respond to overcome metal stresses by up regulating antioxidant defense system such as, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) by application of highest treatment of SA when irrigated with 6% drain water. Plants accumulated the highest concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Pb in the leaves when treated with 1 mM of SA, compared to other plant parts. It was observed that photosynthetic pigment enhanced in 6% drain water treated plants when applied with 1mM SA as compared to control. An increase in epidermis and cortical cell thickness, as well as stomatal closure, was observed, helping to maintain water loss under stress conditions. CONCLUSIONS: According to these results, it can be suggested that SA is potent signaling molecule can play an essential role in maintaining potato growth when irrigated with drain water containing heavy metals through stimulating metal up take and up regulation of antioxidant enzymes.

Asunto(s)

Riego Agrícola , Hojas de la Planta , Ácido Salicílico , Solanum tuberosum , Aguas Residuales , Solanum tuberosum/efectos de los fármacos , Solanum tuberosum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Riego Agrícola/métodos , Tubérculos de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Tubérculos de la Planta/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tubérculos de la Planta/anatomía & histología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo

RESUMEN

This study is focused on the utilization of naturally occurring salicylic acid and nicotinamide (vitamin B3) in the development of novel sustainable Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with significant potential for treating acne vulgaris. The study highlights how the chemical structure of the cation significantly influences surface activity, lipophilicity, and solubility in aqueous media. Furthermore, the new ionic forms of APIs, the synthesis of which was assessed with Green Chemistry metrics, exhibited very good antibacterial properties against common pathogens that contribute to the development of acne, resulting in remarkable enhancement of biological activity ranging from 200 to as much as 2000 times when compared to salicylic acid alone. The molecular docking studies also revealed the excellent anti-inflammatory activity of N-alkylnicotinamide salicylates comparable to commonly used drugs (indomethacin, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid) and were even characterized by better IC50 values than common anti-inflammatory drugs in some cases. The derivative, featuring a decyl substituent in the pyridinium ring of nicotinamide, exhibited efficacy against Cutibacterium acnes while displaying favorable water solubility and improved wettability on hydrophobic surfaces, marking it as particularly promising. To investigate the impact of the APIs on the biosphere, the EC50 parameter was determined against a model representative of crustaceans─Artemia franciscana. The majority of compounds (with the exception of the salt containing the dodecyl substituent) could be classified as "Relatively Harmless" or "Practically Nontoxic", indicating their potential low environmental impact, which is essential in the context of modern drug development.

Asunto(s)

Acné Vulgar , Antibacterianos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Niacinamida , Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Niacinamida/química , Niacinamida/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Humanos , Solubilidad , Salicilatos/química , Salicilatos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Sales (Química)/química , Propionibacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Aniones/química , Ácido Salicílico/química , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología

RESUMEN

In current work, we studied hairy root induction in Trigonella foenum graecum, which is an important medicinal plant, and examined the impact of different elicitors on some phytochemical characteristics and metabolites production in hairy root cultures. Accordingly, some factors such as five strain types of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (1724, 15834, A4, A13 and MSU) and three different explants, namely leaf, cotyledon and hypocotyl were studied. The results showed that different A. rhizogenes strains exhibited different infection efficiency. MSU and 15834 had highest efficiency of hairy root induction than other strains. Also, hairy root induction frequency in leaf explants was higher than in other explants. Salicylic acid (SA), nitric oxide (NO), CaCl2 and penconazole (PEN) were used in elicitation process. Hairy roots were treated with SA (0.1 and 0.5 mM), NO (10 and 50 µM), CaCl2 (5 and 10 mM) and PEN (5 and 10 mg/L). Applied elicitors enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities and reduced oxidative stress markers; this observation might be ascribed to regulation of the oxidative status of the elicited cells. Significant increase of antioxidant metabolites (total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin) in PEN-treated hairy roots was associated to phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, indicating an up-regulation of phenylpropanoid/flavonoid metabolism. PEN and CaCl2 treatment enhanced steroidal sapogenin in hairy root cultures. These results suggested that use of elicitors can enhance the production of secondary metabolites in transformed hairy roots. Among the elicitors applied, CaCl2 and PEN were the most effective in increasing secondary metabolite production in transformed hairy roots of T. foenum graecum.

Asunto(s)

Raíces de Plantas , Sapogeninas , Trigonella , Trigonella/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sapogeninas/metabolismo , Agrobacterium/metabolismo , Agrobacterium/genética , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Caffeoyl-coenzyme 3 A-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) plays a crucial role in the lignin synthesis in many higher plants. In this study, nine PbCCoAOMT genes in total were identified from pear, and classified into six categories. We treated pear fruits with hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) and observed differential expression levels of these genes. Through qRT-PCR, we also preliminarily identified candidate PbCCoAOMT gene, potentially involved in lignin synthesis in pear fruits. Additionally, the overexpression of PbCCoAOMT1/2 in Arabidopsis and pear fruits increased in lignin content. Enzymatic assays showed that recombinant PbCCoAOMT1/2 proteins have similar enzymatic activity in vitro. The Y1H (Yeast one-hybrid) and dual luciferase (dual-LUC) experiments demonstrated that PbMYB25 can bind to the AC elements in the promoter region of the PbCCoAOMT1 gene. Our findings suggested that the PbCCoAOMT1 and PbCCoAOMT2 genes may contribute to the synthesis of lignin and provide insights into the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and stone cell development in pear fruits.

Asunto(s)

Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Lignina , Metiltransferasas , Pyrus , Lignina/metabolismo , Lignina/biosíntesis , Metiltransferasas/genética , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Pyrus/genética , Pyrus/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Oxilipinas/metabolismo , Ciclopentanos/metabolismo , Acetatos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

N-hydroxy pipecolic acid (NHP) plays an important role in plant immunity. In contrast to its biosynthesis, our current knowledge with respect to the transcriptional regulation of the NHP pathway is limited. This study commences with the engineering of Arabidopsis plants that constitutively produce high NHP levels and display enhanced immunity. Label-free proteomics reveals a NAC-type transcription factor (NAC90) that is strongly induced in these plants. We find that NAC90 is a target gene of SAR DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1) and induced by pathogen, salicylic acid (SA), and NHP. NAC90 knockout mutants exhibit constitutive immune activation, earlier senescence, higher levels of NHP and SA, as well as increased expression of NHP and SA biosynthetic genes. In contrast, NAC90 overexpression lines are compromised in disease resistance and accumulated reduced levels of NHP and SA. NAC90 could interact with NAC61 and NAC36 which are also induced by pathogen, SA, and NHP. We next discover that this protein triad directly represses expression of the NHP and SA biosynthetic genes AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN 1 (ALD1), FLAVIN MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), and ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 (ICS1). Constitutive immune response in nac90 is abolished once blocking NHP biosynthesis in the fmo1 background, signifying that NAC90 negative regulation of immunity is mediated via NHP biosynthesis. Our findings expand the currently documented NHP regulatory network suggesting a model that together with NHP glycosylation, NAC repressors take part in a 'gas-and-brake' transcriptional mechanism to control NHP production and the plant growth and defense trade-off.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Ácidos Pipecólicos , Inmunidad de la Planta , Ácido Salicílico , Factores de Transcripción , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Ácidos Pipecólicos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Inmunidad de la Planta/genética , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Proteómica/métodos