RESUMEN
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of Panthenol, Pantothenic Acid, and 5 derivatives as used in cosmetics. These ingredients named in this report are reported to function in cosmetics as hair conditioning agents, and Panthenol also is reported to function as a skin-conditioning agent-humectant and a solvent. The Panel reviewed relevant data for these ingredients, and concluded that these 7 ingredients are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use concentration described in this safety assessment.
Asunto(s)
Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Cosméticos , Cosméticos/toxicidad , Higroscópicos , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Medición de Riesgo , SolventesRESUMEN
The first CE methodology enabling the enantiomeric separation of panthenol was developed in this work. Electrokinetic chromatography with cyclodextrins (CD-EKC) was the CE mode employed for this purpose. The effect of different experimental variables such as the nature and concentration of the cyclodextrin, the temperature and the separation voltage was investigated. The best enantiomeric separation was obtained with 25 mM (2-carboxyethyl)-ß-CD (CE-ß-CD) in 100 mM borate buffer (pH 9.0), with a separation voltage of 30 kV and a temperature of 30 °C. Under these conditions, an enantiomeric resolution of 2.0 in an analysis time of 4.2 min was obtained, being the biologically active enantiomer d-panthenol (dexpanthenol) the second-migrating enantiomer. The analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated in terms of precision, accuracy, selectivity, linearity, LOD, and LOQ, showing a good performance for the quantitation of dexpanthenol in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. The enantiomeric impurity (L-panthenol) could be detected at a 0.1% level with respect to the majority enantiomer, allowing to accomplish the requirements of the ICH guidelines. The method was also successfully applied to study the stability of panthenol under abiotic and biotic conditions and its toxicity on non-target organisms (the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrhiza).
Asunto(s)
Electroforesis Capilar/métodos , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Araceae/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía , Cosméticos/análisis , Ciclodextrinas/química , Límite de Detección , Ácido Pantoténico/química , Ácido Pantoténico/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisis , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
Various factors have been invoked to explain the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) to microorganisms including particle size and the nature of stabilizing coatings as well as the amount of dissolved silver occurring in AgNP suspensions. In this study we have assessed the effects of nine differently coated AgNP (chitosan, lactate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethelene glycol, gelatin, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, citrate, dexpanthenol, and carbonate) and AgNO3 on the photosynthesis of the freshwater algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We have thus examined how AgNP effects on algae relate to particle size, measured dissolved silver (Agd), and bioavailable silver (Agbioav). Agbioav was indirectly estimated in toxicity experiments by cysteine-silver complexation at the EC50. The EC50 calculated as a function of measured Agd concentrations showed for some coatings values similar to that of dissolved Ag, whereas other coated AgNP displayed lower EC50 values. In all cases, excess cysteine completely prevented effects on photosynthetic yield, confirming the role of Agd as a cause of the observed effect on the photosynthesis. Toxicity was related neither to particle size nor to the coatings. For all differently coated AgNP suspensions, the EC50 values calculated as a function of Agbioav were comparable to the value of AgNO3. Depending on the coatings Agbioav was comparable to or higher than measured Agd.
Asunto(s)
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/toxicidad , Fotosíntesis/efectos de los fármacos , Plata/toxicidad , Bencenosulfonatos/química , Bencenosulfonatos/toxicidad , Carbonatos/química , Carbonatos/toxicidad , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/toxicidad , Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/fisiología , Citratos/química , Citratos/toxicidad , Cisteína/farmacología , Cisteína/toxicidad , Gelatina/química , Gelatina/toxicidad , Lactatos/química , Lactatos/toxicidad , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Pantoténico/química , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polietilenglicoles/química , Polietilenglicoles/toxicidad , Povidona/toxicidad , Plata/farmacocinética , Nitrato de Plata/farmacocinética , Pruebas de Toxicidad/métodosRESUMEN
We studied mutagenic, embryotoxic, and teratogenic properties of calcium ketopantoyl aminobutyrate, a preparation proposed as a new drug. Long-term oral administration of calcium ketopantoyl aminobutyrate produced no mutagenic, embryotoxic, and teratogenic effects.
Asunto(s)
Aminobutiratos/toxicidad , Nootrópicos/toxicidad , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Anomalías Inducidas por Medicamentos , Animales , Embrión de Mamíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Mutagénesis , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Mutación , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , EmbarazoRESUMEN
We studied the allergic and immunotoxic effects of a new promising medicinal preparation calcium ketopantoyl aminobutyrate. Calcium ketopantoyl aminobutyrate produced no negative effects on general mechanisms of humoral and cellular immunity. This preparation did not modulate the anaphylactic reaction to bovine serum, exhibited no mitostatic and lymphotoxic properties, had no effect on the delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and did not produce active cutaneous anaphylactic reaction.
Asunto(s)
Aminobutiratos/toxicidad , Hipersensibilidad , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos/efectos de los fármacos , Cobayas , Inmunidad Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidadRESUMEN
The investigation of toxicity of calcium ketopantoylaminobutyrate (Ca-KPAB) showed that this newly synthesized compound belongs to the class of low-toxicity substances. The LD 50 of Ca-KPAB for oral administration is lower than that of pantogam. No toxicity manifestations and local irritant activity was observed upon chronic administration of Ca-KPAB. The therapeutic index of Ca-KPAB is more than 17 times that of pantogam.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Administración Oral , Animales , Femenino , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/toxicidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In Germany more than 60 million units of nasal decongestants are prescribed or sold over the counter. The cytotoxic and ciliary-toxic potential of alpha-sympathomimetic decongestants is well established. Furthermore, in many of the marketed products preservatives are added, predominantly benzalchonium-chloride, which can lead to a further alteration of cell- and ciliary function. Recently a protective effect of dexpanthenol was found for the human nasal mucosa. The objective of the present studies was to prove the hypothesis that dexpanthenol is able to neutralise the toxic effects of both alpha-sympathomimetic decongestants, in particular those of xylometazoline, and those of benzalconium-chloride. Therefore, systematic cytotoxic and ex vivo in vitro ciliary-toxic studies were performed. METHOD: After exposition to xylometazoline in concentrations of 0.1 % and 0.05 %, the influence of dexpanthenol (5 %) and benzalconium-chloride (0,01 %) was assessed by determination of a) cell growth of FL-cells of human amnion origin, and b) ciliary beat frequency of human nasal mucosa. All tests were performed placebo-controlled. RESULTS: Both hypotheses were confirmed. Dexpanthenol (5 %) reduces statistically significantly the concentration-dependent toxic effects of xylometazoline, and benzalchonium-cloride regarding cell growth and ciliary beat frequency (p < 0.001). The combination of xylometazoline with dexpanthenol, while benzalconium-chloride is eliminated, resulted in a further significant increase of cell growth and ciliary beat frequency (p < 0.001), similar to control. CONCLUSIONS: The additive application of dexpanthenol (5 %) with nasal decongestants and/or with preserved nasal sprays seems to be able to reduce the cell- and ciliary-toxic effects of these substances.
Asunto(s)
División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Depuración Mucociliar/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Administración Intranasal , Aerosoles , Amnios , Compuestos de Benzalconio/toxicidad , Línea Celular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Combinación de Medicamentos , Humanos , Imidazoles/toxicidad , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Psychotropic activity of different salts of homopantothenic acid was studied. In homopantothenic acid derivatives, the substitution of calcium ions by sodium and magnesium ions gives rise to a decrease of the sedative and potentiation of the stimulating properties.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Pantoténico/farmacología , Ácido Pantoténico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Psicotrópicos/toxicidad , Convulsiones/tratamiento farmacológico , Convulsiones/etiología , Sueño/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/farmacología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/uso terapéutico , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/toxicidadAsunto(s)
Ácido Pantoténico/análogos & derivados , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Alanina/metabolismo , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Barrera Hematoencefálica , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ácidos Isonicotínicos/farmacología , Riñón/metabolismo , Cinética , Hígado/metabolismo , Músculos/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Ácido Pantoténico/metabolismo , Ácido Pantoténico/farmacología , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Pirimidinas , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Tritio , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/farmacología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/toxicidadRESUMEN
The BALB/c-3T3 cell neoplastic transformation system was modified to examine the tumor promoting activity of a set of substances. Following initiation of the target cells with 3-methylcholanthrene, treatment of the cultures with phorbol myristate acetate (0.01 microgram/ml; 1.5 X 10(-8) M) during the remainder of the 4-week assay interval resulted in a marked increase in both spontaneous and initiated Type III transformed foci. In contrast, a similar treatment with saccharin at 20, 100 or 500 microgram/ml (0.08, 0.4 or 2.1 X 10(-3) M) did not influence the occurrence of Type III transformed foci and did not result in a promoting response. Sodium ascorbate (2.53 X 10(-3) M) and L-tryptophan (2.45 X 10(-3) M) almost completely inhibited both spontaneous and initiated Type III transformed foci. Calcium pantothenate (2.10 X 10(-3) M) exhibited a marginal promoting effect. Under the conditions of this study in which the classical tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate was highly active in promoting Type III transformed foci, saccharin was not active as either a direct transforming or promoting agent at doses up to 5 orders of magnitude higher.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Forboles/toxicidad , Sacarina/toxicidad , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/toxicidad , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/toxicidad , Células Cultivadas , Ratones , Ácido Pantoténico/toxicidad , Triptófano/toxicidadRESUMEN
Zinc sulphate and pantothenate are two drugs capable of inducing ulcer. An experimental was performed in order to determine the acute toxicity of both drugs. The obtained data were in favour of a lesser ulcer inducing capacity of zinc pantothenate, associated to a better diffusion of this salt in the peripheral tissues. These results suggest a plausible use of zinc pantothenate as a therapeutic agent.