RESUMEN
Licania rigida Benth has been evaluated as an alternative drug to treat diseases associated with inflammatory processes. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous and hydroalcoholic leaf extracts of L. rigida with inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides in in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. The phytochemical profile of the extracts, analyzed by ultra-fast liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, revealed the presence of gallic and ellagic acids in both extracts, whereas isovitexin, ferulate, bulky amino acids (e.g., phenylalanine), pheophorbide, lactic acid, and pyridoxine were detected in the hydroalcoholic extract. The extracts displayed the ability to modulate in vitro and in vivo inflammatory responses, reducing approximately 50% of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6), and inhibiting both NO production and leukocyte migration by approximately 30 and 40% at 100 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, the results highlight and identify, for the first time, the ability of L. rigida leaf extract to modulate inflammatory processes. These data suggest that the leaf extracts of this plant have potential in the development of herbal formulations for the treatment of inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Chrysobalanaceae , Aminoácidos , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Interleucina-6 , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Fenilalanina , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Piridoxina , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a growing demand for procedures to treat cellulite. Subcision™ is widely used for cellulite correction, and injectable poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) has been shown to be an effective option for various body conditions. AIMS: Present the results of combining Subcision™ plus PLLA, in the same session, in patients with cellulite and flaccidity. PATIENTS/METHODS: Twenty-four women underwent Subcision™ followed by PLLA injections. An expert panel of dermatologists evaluated before and after photographs according to Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Patients also answered a satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: The author describes the results, as well as number of sessions and dose used. The most frequent GAIS score was "great improvement." No nodules or granulomas appeared in the treated areas. CONCLUSION: The combination of Subcision™ plus PLLA, in the same treatment session, promotes safe and desirable results for cellulite associated with flaccidity.
Asunto(s)
Celulitis/terapia , Celulosa/administración & dosificación , Técnicas Cosméticas/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos/métodos , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Manitol/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Nalgas , Celulitis/diagnóstico , Celulosa/efectos adversos , Terapia Combinada/efectos adversos , Terapia Combinada/instrumentación , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Técnicas Cosméticas/instrumentación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Dermatologicos/instrumentación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Manitol/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Agujas , Satisfacción del Paciente , Fotograbar , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Muslo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT We investigated whether oral lactate could prevent seizures and deaths in mice with severe hypoglycemia induced by a high dose of insulin. For this purpose, mice were fasted for 15 h and then given an intraperitoneal injection of regular insulin (5.0 U/kg or 10.0 U/kg). Immediately after insulin injection, the mice received an oral dose of saline (control), glucose (5.5 mmol/kg), or lactate (18.0 mmol/kg). Glucose and lactate levels were measured in the blood and brain before and after the seizures began. Glucose and lactate delayed (p < 0.05) the onset of seizures associated with severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Elevated (p < 0.05) brain levels of lactate were associated with an absence of seizures in mice that received glucose or lactate, suggesting that lactate could prevent convulsions associated with severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia. However, the same oral dose of lactate that delayed the onset of convulsions also increased the mortality rate. In contrast, diazepam (3.0 mg/kg) prevented seizures and markedly decreased the frequency of death during severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The results demonstrated that in contrast to oral glucose, oral lactate intensifies insulin toxicity.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Ratas , Hipoglucemia/inducido químicamente , Insulina/administración & dosificación , Anticonvulsivantes/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , DiazepamRESUMEN
Bacteriocins are peptides produced by various species of bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria (LABs), which exhibit a large spectrum of action against spoilage bacteria and foodborne pathogens. However, when this bacteriocin has not been completely characterized regarding its amino acid and the nucleotide sequences of the corresponding gene, the qualified term bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) is recommended. In order to increase the antimicrobial activity of bacteriocins, the ability of probiotics LABs, such as Pediococcus pentosaceus, to ferment different carbon and nitrogen sources has been studied. For the development of an improved culture medium, carbon and nitrogen sources must be considered as nutrients responsible for cell growth and bacteriocin production. The best condition, after 48 h of cultivation, for growth (3.420 g/L) and for BLIS production by Pediococcus pentosaceus ATCC 43200 was in Man, Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) culture medium supplemented with 1.5% peptone, initial pH 6.0 and under the following culture conditions: anaerobiosis, 30oC and agitation of 200 rpm. Compared with control (MRS without supplement), the growth of Pediococcus was significantly lower (1.995 g/L) as well as it reduced significantly its generation time from 2.05 h (control) to 1.28 h (MRS supplemented), a reduction of approximately 62.5%. Moreover, addiction of peptone to MRS medium promoted reduction of 4 h to the Pediococcus exponential phase onset. Regarding BLIS antimicrobial activity, addition of nitrogen source to MRS medium was also quite significant. Through the agar diffusion method, BLIS showed inhibition halos between 12.50 and 19.50 mm against LABs strains (Lactobacillus sakei ATCC 15521, Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 221 and Carnobacterium piscicola CECT 4020). Against Listeria strains (Listeria innocua NCTC 111288 and Listeria seeligeri NCTC 11289), their antimicrobial activity was better detected in liquid medium assay, evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentration of 50%. BLIS was able to inhibit 60 and 100% of L. seeligeri and L. innocua, respectively, as well as, diluted 1x (v/v) in water was able to inhibit 100% growth of both Listeria. BLIS 17 showed also good results as food preservative when applied in ready-to-eat pork ham artificially contaminated with L. seeligeri in vacuum-package at 4oC during shelf life of 10 days. BLIS was able to maintain low Listeria multiplication, lower samples weight loss, low lipid peroxidation and good color parameters during samples storage. Results demonstrated the importance of optimizing the culture medium to increase microbial mass, to produce and to improve the activity of this antimicrobial molecule. Moreover, results also suggest the possible application of BLIS as a natural food preservative
Bacteriocinas são peptídeos produzidos por várias espécies de bactérias, especialmente bactérias ácido-láticas (BALs) e apresentam um amplo espectro de ação contra bactérias deteriorantes e patógenos de origem alimentar. Entretanto, quando estas bacteriocinas não foram completamente caracterizadas quanto a sequência de seus nucleotídeos e do seu gene correspondente, é recomendada a denominação de substância semelhante a bacteriocina (BLIS). Para aumentar a atividade antimicrobiana de bacteriocinas, a habilidade de BALs probióticas, como Pediococcus pentosaceus, em fermentar diferentes fontes de carbono e nitrogênio tem sido estudado. Para o desenvolvimento de um meio de cultura melhorado, fontes de carbono e nitrogênio devem ser consideradas como nutrientes responsáveis pelo crescimento celular e pela produção de bacteriocina. A melhor condição, após 48 h de cultivo, para o crescimento (3,420 g/L) e para a produção de BLIS por P. pentosaceus ATCC 43200 foi em meio de cultivo Man, Rogosa e Sharp (MRS) suplementado com 1,5% de peptona, pH inicial 6,0 e sob as seguintes condições de cultivo: anaerobiose, 30oC e agitação de 200 rpm. Comparado ao controle (MRS sem suplementação), o crescimento de Pediococcus foi significativamente menor (1,995 g/L) assim, como também, reduziu significativamente o tempo de geração de 2,05 h (controle) para 1,28 h (MRS suplementado), uma redução de aproximadamente 62,5%. Além disso, a adição de peptona ao meio MRS promoveu redução de 4 h para o início da fase exponencial de Pediococcus. Quanto a atividade antimicrobiana de BLIS, a adição de fonte de nitrogênio ao meio MRS também foi bastante significativa. Através do método ágar difusão, BLIS apresentou halos de inibição entre 12,50 a 19,50 mm contra cepas de BALs (Lactobacillus sakei ATCC 15521, Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 221 e Carnobacterium piscicola CECT 4020). Contra cepas de Listeria (Listeria innocua NCTC 11288 e Listeria seeligeri NCTC 11289), a sua atividade inibitória foi melhor detectada em meio líquido, através da determinação da concentração mínima inibitória de 50%. BLIS sem diluição foi capaz de inibir 60 e 100% de L. seeligeri e L. innocua, 15 respectivamente, assim como, diluído 1x (v/v) em água foi capaz de inibir 100% o crescimento de ambas Listeria. BLIS também apresentou bons resultados como conservante de alimento quando aplicado em presunto contaminado artificialmente com L. seeligeri e armazenado a 4oC a vácuo por 10 dias. BLIS foi capaz de manter baixa a multiplicação de Listeria, menor perda de peso das amostras, baixa peroxidação lipídica e bons parâmetros de cor durante o armazenamento das amostras. Os resultados demonstraram a importância de se otimizar meio de cultivo tanto para o aumento da massa microbiana como para a produção e melhoramento da atividade desta molécula antimicrobiana. Além disso, os resultados também sugerem a possível aplicação de BLIS como conservante natural de alimentos
Asunto(s)
Bacteriocinas/análisis , Bacteriocinas/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/clasificación , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Pediococcus pentosaceus/patogenicidad , Conservantes de AlimentosRESUMEN
We prepared a bone scaffold material comprising a PLGA/ß-TCP core and a Type I collagen cladding, and recombined it with bone marrow stroma stem cells (BMSCs) to evaluate its potential for use in bone tissue engineering by in vivo and in vitro experiments. PLGA/ß-TCP without a cladding was used for comparison. The adherence rate of the BMSCs to the scaffold was determined by cell counting. Cell proliferation rate was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. The osteogenic capability was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. The scaffold materials were recombined with the BMSCs and implanted into a large segmental rabbit radial defect model to evaluate defect repair. Osteogenesis was assessed in the scaffold materials by histological and double immunofluorescence labeling, etc. The adherence number, proliferation number, and alkaline phosphatase expression of the cells on the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the PLGA/ß-TCP composite scaffold material (P < 0.05). An in vivo test indicated that the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure completely degraded at the bone defect site and bone formation was completed. The rabbit large sentimental radial defect was successfully repaired. The degradation and osteogenesis rates matched well. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure exhibited better osteogenic activity and capacity to repair a large segmental bone defect compared to the PLGA/ß-TCP composite scaffold. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure has excellent physical properties and biocompatibility. It is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.
Asunto(s)
Regeneración Ósea , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Andamios del Tejido/química , Animales , Fosfatos de Calcio/efectos adversos , Fosfatos de Calcio/farmacología , Proliferación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico/farmacología , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/fisiología , Osteogénesis , Ácido Poliglicólico/efectos adversos , Ácido Poliglicólico/farmacología , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Conejos , Radio (Anatomía)/citología , Radio (Anatomía)/fisiología , Ingeniería de Tejidos , Andamios del Tejido/efectos adversosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Analyse the effect of varnishes containing xylitol alone or combined with fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries lesions in vitro. METHODS: Bovine enamel specimens were randomly allocated to 7 groups (n=15/group). Artificial caries lesions were produced by immersion in 30 mL of lactic acid buffer containing 3mM CaCl2·2H2O, 3mM KH2PO4, 6 µM tetraetil metil diphosphanate (pH 5.0) for 6 days. The enamel blocks were treated with the following varnishes: 10% xylitol; 20% xylitol; 10% xylitol plus F (5% NaF); 20% xylitol plus F (5% NaF); Duofluorid™ (6% NaF, 2.71% F+6% CaF2), Duraphat™ (5% NaF, positive control) and placebo (no-F/xylitol, negative control). The varnishes were applied in a thin layer and removed after 6h. The blocks were subjected to pH-cycles (demineralization-2h/remineralization-22 h during 8 days) and enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness and transversal microradiography. The percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), the integrated mineral loss and lesion depth were statistically analysed by ANOVA/Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Enamel surface remineralization was significantly increased by Duraphat™, 10% xylitol plus F and 20% xylitol plus F formulations, while significant subsurface mineral remineralization could be seen only for enamel treated with Duraphat™, Duofluorid™ and 20% xylitol formulations. CONCLUSIONS: 20% xylitol varnishes seem to be promising alternatives to increase remineralization of artificial caries lesions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: effective vehicles are desirable for caries control. Xylitol varnishes seem to be promising alternatives to increase enamel remineralization in vitro, which should be confirmed by in situ and clinical studies.
Asunto(s)
Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Xilitol/uso terapéutico , Animales , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Bovinos , Esmalte Dental/química , Fluoruros Tópicos/uso terapéutico , Dureza , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Microrradiografía , Minerales/análisis , Placebos , Distribución Aleatoria , Saliva Artificial/química , Fluoruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Xilitol/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar, in vitro, o padrão de desmineralização do esmalte bovino exposto a C. não-albicans isoladas de biofilme dental de crianças infectadas pelo HIV, em comparação com C. albicans (n = 2) e Streptococcus (S) mutans (ATCC). Também foram avaliadas as formações de biofilme e produção de L-lactato por estas espécies não-albicans. Cento e oitenta blocos de esmalte foram divididos em 6 grupos com biofilme formado por: C. glabrata; C. parapsilosis; C. tropicalis; C. albicans; S. mutans e controle negativo (meio sem biofilme). Três blocos de esmalte de cada grupo foram retirados nos dias 3, 5, 8, 15 e 28 após a formação de biofilme para avaliar a microdureza superficial do esmalte final (SMH). Além disso, a viabilidade das células do biofilme e o L-lactato produzidos por estas células foi medida por redução de XTT e enzimaticamente, respectivamente. Análise microscópica de varrimento laser confocal (CLS) foi utilizado para avaliar a topografia de cada isolado de biofilme de C. não-albicans. Os resultados da análise de SMH foram submetidos a testes de Mann-Whitney de Kruskall-Wallis e com um nível de significância de 95% (p <0,05), enquanto que os dados de viabilidade do biofilme, L-lactato e análise CLS foram avaliadas de forma descritiva. Todos os grupos mostraram um aumento na perda de SMH, mas apenas os grupos expostos a biofilmes de S. mutans e C. albicans foram estatisticamente significativas ao longo do tempo. Ao comparar as espécies C. não-albicans entre si, C. tropicalis apresentaram maior perda% no 5 º dia em comparação com C. parapsilosis e no 8 º dia em comparação com C. glabrata. Não foi observada diferença estatística entre C. parapsilosis e C. glabrata. Todos os isolados de C. não-albicans mostraram o mesmo perfil de formação de biofilme. A produção de L-lactato foi maior em C. tropicalis seguido por C. glabrata e C. parapsilosis. No entanto, a análise mostrou CLS C. parapsilosis biofilme com mais células viáveis e com a matriz extracelular mais. Embora com menor intensidade em comparação com C. albicans e S. mutans, os isolados de Candida não-albicans do biofilme dental de crianças infectadas pelo HIV, foram capazes de causar a desmineralização do esmalte bovino. (AU)
This study aimed to analyzed , in vitro, the demineralization pattern of bovine enamel exposed to biofilm of C. non-albicans isolated from dental biofilm of HIV infected children, comparing to C. albicans (n=2) and Streptococcus (S) mutans (ATCC).We also evaluated the biofilm formations and the production of L-lactate by these nonalbicans species. A hundred eigthy enamel blocks randomly assigned to 6 groups with biofilm formed by: C. glabrata; C. parapsilosis; C. tropicalis; C. albicans; S. mutans and negative control (medium without biofilm). Three enamel blocks from each group were removed on days 3, 5, 8, 15 and 28 after biofilm formation to evaluate the final enamel surface microhardness (SMH). In addition, the cells viability of the biofilm and the L-lactate produced by these cells were measured by XTT reduction and enzymatically, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLS) analysis was used to evaluate the biofilm architecture of each C. non-albicans isolate. The results from SMH analysis were subjected to Kruskall-Wallis and MannWhitney tests with a 95% significance level (p<0.05), while the data from biofilm viability, L-lactate and CLS analysis were evaluated descriptively. All groups showed an increase in loss of SMH but only the groups exposed to biofilms from S. mutans and C. albicans were statistically significant over time. When comparing the species C. non-albicans among themselves, C. tropicalis showed a greater % loss on the 5th day compared with C. parapsilosis and at the 8th day compared to c. glabrata. No statistical difference betwwen C. parapsilosis and C. glabrata was observed. All isolates from C. non-albicans showed the same profile of biofilm formation. The Llactate production was higher in C. tropicalis followed by C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis. However, the CLS analysis showed C. parapsilosis biofilm with more viable cells and with more extracellular matrix. Although with less intensity comparing to C. albicans and S. mutans, isolates of Candida non-albicans from HIV infected children dental biofilm, were able to cause demineralization of bovine enamel. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Animales , Niño , Bovinos , Candida/patogenicidad , Cariogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , VIH , Desmineralización Dental/etiología , Placa Dental/microbiología , Técnicas In Vitro , Estudio Comparativo , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Esmalte DentalRESUMEN
Owing to its biocompatibility properties and its ability to promote the scar healing process, chitosan is employed in tissue engineering for the manufacture of formulations. To control the characteristic skin ulcers of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), the use of a biopolymeric system that favors the scar healing process and releases an active agent such as meglumine antimoniate may be a better option. For these reasons, here we analyzed the cytotoxic capabilities of excipients [medium molecular weight chitosan (MMWC), lactic acid (LA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)], used for the formulation of a film-based therapeutic system that releases meglumine antimoniate and were evaluated on human macrophages [monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs)], L929 fibroblasts and parasites (Leishmania major promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes). The ability of excipients to modulate the cytokines production involved in the scar healing process was compared with film-based therapeutic system. The efficiency of a film-based therapeutic system loaded with meglumine antimoniate was compared with conventional formulation (Albiventriz(®)). We found that MMWC was toxic for two parasite forms. In contrast, measurement of interleukin levels did not show any evidence of preferential secretion as a side effect of treating human macrophages with MMWC. Finally, the efficiency of a polymeric film-based therapeutic system that was loaded with meglumine antimoniate could not be determined due to the high degree of toxicity observed in infected MDMs; moreover, these compounds do not induce any apparent immunomodulatory effects. Our findings suggest that the final concentrations of each excipients (MMWC, LA and PVP) that were used in the polymeric film were suitable vehicles for active pharmaceutical compound delivery and did not selectively affect (enhancing or diminishing immune activity) macrophages.
Asunto(s)
Antiprotozoarios/administración & dosificación , Portadores de Fármacos/efectos adversos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmania major/efectos de los fármacos , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/tratamiento farmacológico , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Meglumina/administración & dosificación , Compuestos Organometálicos/administración & dosificación , Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Quitosano/efectos adversos , Quitosano/química , Cicatriz/prevención & control , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Excipientes/efectos adversos , Excipientes/química , Fibroblastos/parasitología , Humanos , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacos , Interleucinas/análisis , Interleucinas/inmunología , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico/química , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/inmunología , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/parasitología , Macrófagos/parasitología , Meglumina/farmacología , Meglumina/uso terapéutico , Antimoniato de Meglumina , Compuestos Organometálicos/farmacología , Compuestos Organometálicos/uso terapéutico , Proyectos Piloto , Povidona/efectos adversos , Povidona/química , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
O estresse provoca alterações significativas no metabolismo dos animais, provocando a liberação de hormônios glicocorticoides. Estas alterações do metabolismo têm efeito anabólico sobre o metabolismo proteico muscular, podendo afetar os processos bioquímicos de transformação do músculo em carne. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral (i) verificar as relações entre variáveis endócrinas e metabólicas associadas ao estresse e características indicadoras de qualidade da carne, em animais castrados e não-castrados; (ii) avaliar a expressão gênica dos receptores mineralocorticoide (MR) e glicocorticoide (GR) em variáveis endócrinas, metabólicas e relacionadas à qualidade da carne de bovinos Nelore castrados e não-castrados. Para tal, 130 animais foram abatidos entre os anos de 2009 e 2011. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes e depois do abate para mensuração das concentrações de ACTH e cortisol. Amostras do músculo Longissimus dorsi foram coletadas durante os abates para mensuração do glicogênio e lactato, bem como, para análises de expressão gênica (RT-qPCR). Para as análises de maciez, foram coletadas amostras maturadas por um, sete e 14 dias. Para expressão gênica foram determinados os genótipos dos animais para três marcadores relacionados ao MR (MR1_1, MR1_2 e MR1_3) e dois ao GR (GR2_1 e GR2_2), por meio de PCR em tempo real. Foi verificado que animais castrados apresentam pH 24 horas menores e carnes mais macias ao sétimo e 14º dias de maturação, bem como, concentrações de cortisol (in vivo e post mortem) e lactato significativamente superiores aos animais não-castrados. O marcador MR1_3 apresenta expressão gênica significativamente diferenciada. Os animais com genótipo GA apresentaram 57,27% mais transcritos quando comparados aos animais GG. A expressão gênica do MR e GR foi significativamente relacionada às concentrações de cortisol in vivo e post mortem, porém não influenciou as concentrações de ACTH (in vivo e post mortem), glicogênio e lactato. A expressão gênica do MR e GR não foi relacionada às características indicadoras da qualidade da carne.
The stress causes significant changes in the metabolism of the animals causing the release of glucocorticoid hormones. These metabolic changes have anabolic effect on muscle protein metabolism, affecting the biochemical processes of transformation of muscle on meat. This study aimed to (i) examine relationships between endocrine and metabolic variables associated with stress and meat quality characteristics in castrated and non-castrated animals, (ii) evaluate mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene expression in endocrine and metabolic characteristics and related this to meat quality of Nellore castrated and non-castrated animals. To this end, 130 animals were slaughtered between the years 2009 and 2011. Blood samples were collected before and after slaughter to measure concentrations of ACTH and cortisol. Longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected during slaughter for measurement of glycogen and lactate, as well for gene expression analyzes (RT-qPCR). For the shear force analyzes, samples were aged for one, seven and 14 days. For gene expression analysis, genotypes of three markers related to MR (MR1_1, MR1_2 and MR1_3), and the two related to GR (GR2_1 and GR2_2) were determined via real-time PCR. It was observed that castrated have lower pH value at 24 hours than non-castrated animals, and tender meat on the seventh and 14th day of aging, such as cortisol (in vivo and post mortem) and lactate concentrations significantly superior to non-castrated animals. Gene expression of MR1_3 was significantly different. Animals with GA genotype had 57.27% more transcripts than GG genotype. The gene expression of MR and GR was significantly related to cortisol concentrations in vivo and post mortem, but did not influence the concentrations of ACTH (in vivo and post mortem), glycogen and lactate. The MR and GR gene expression was not related to the meat quality characteristics.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Bovinos , Carne/análisis , Expresión Génica/fisiología , Hidrocortisona/efectos adversos , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/efectos adversos , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/genética , Glucógeno/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversosRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a influência da embalagem em atmosfera modificada (EAM) e do ácido lático (AL) navalidade comercial da linguiça frescal de frango. Para tanto, foram processadas duas massas de linguiça, sendo uma delasadicionado ácido lático (0,15%). As linguiças foram então embaladas nas seguintes atmosferas: 100%ar atmosférico, 100%N2, 100% CO2, 80% CO2/20% N2, 40% CO2/60% N2 e 20% CO2/80% N2, e armazenadas durante 16 dias a 4±2oC. Foramrealizadas, nos dias 0, 1, 9 e 16, análises bacteriológicas: contagem em placa de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas,bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias psicrotróficas, bactérias ácido-láticas, enterobactérias e Pseudomonas; e determinaçãodo pH. A EAM a 80/20 CO2/N2 mostrou-se como método mais eficaz, sob o ponto de vista microbiológico, em termos deconservação da linguiça frescal de frango, atingindo ao final do experimento valores de 6,0; 5,3 e 5,0 Log UFC/g (bactériasmesófilas, psicrotróficas e ácido-láticas, respectivamente). Em relação à adição do AL, tal tratamento foi eficaz sob o aspectode inibição microbiológica em quase todas as atmosferas, com exceção da 80/20 CO2/N2. Durante o experimento, não foiobservado crescimento de enterobactérias e Pseudomonas. Em relação ao pH, pôde-se observar que a adição de 0,15% deAL provocou uma queda do pH de 5,89 para ~5,50, suficiente para acarretar uma inibição significativa da taxa de multiplicaçãomicrobiana nas diferentes atmosferas, exceto na 80/20 CO2/N2. Pôde se concluir que a EAM com 80/20 CO2/N2, mostrou-secomo o método de conservação mais eficaz quanto ao aumento da vida útil da linguiça de frango e a adição de 0,15% de ALdemonstrou ser uma alternativa eficaz para conservação deste produto.
The present work has an objective to observe and to characterize, through microbiological analyses and pH determination, the influence of the Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and the lactic acid addictive in shelf life of fresh poultry sausage. Two sausage batches were made under laboratory control. One of them was added of lactic acid (0.15%). The samples were processed, and packaged in plastic bags (four sausages per bag). Finally, the bags were filled with different atmospheres: 100% air, 100% N2, 100% CO2, 80/20 CO2/N2, 40/60 CO2/N2 and 20/80 CO2/N2. Samples were stored in walk?in cold rooms at 4±2°C. Samples were taken at different days of storage (zero, 1, 9 and 16). Both added and not added with lactic acid samples were subjected to total viable aerobic counts (mesophylic and psycrophylic), lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas sp. in specific media plates. Also, it was determinate the pH of all the samples. The results were arranged in tables and graphs for the descriptive statistical analyses. The MAP 80/20 CO2/N2 was the more effective method to conserve fresh poultry sausages, reaching at the end of the experiment values of 6.0; 5,3 and 5.0 Log UFC/g (mesophylic, psycrophylic and acid-lactic bacteria, respectively), comparing to the conventional package (100% air) and 100% N2 that reached at the end of the experiment maximum values of 8.8 and 9.4 Log UFC/g, respectively. The addition of the acid lactic was effective about the aspect of microbiological inhibition, reaching inferior values in almost all the atmospheres comparing to the samples without addition of the acid, except to 80/20 CO2/N2, that the values of the microbial count in both treatments (with and without acid) they were very close. During the experiment, it was not observed the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. Analyzing the pH, it can be observed that the addition of 0.15% lactic acid caused a fall of the pH of 5.89 for ~5.50, enough to inhibit the microbial multiplication in the different atmospheres, except in 80/20 CO2/N2. After analyzed this results, it was concluded that MAP to 80/20% of CO2/N2 was the more effective method to increase the shelf life of the fresh poultry sausage, added or not added with lactic acid; the addition of 0.15% of lactic acid was an effective alternative for conservation of fresh poultry sausage chicken, wrapped or not in modified atmosphere
Asunto(s)
Animales , Embalaje de Alimentos/tendencias , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Ácido Láctico/análisis , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversosRESUMEN
O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a influência da embalagem em atmosfera modificada (EAM) e do ácido lático (AL) navalidade comercial da linguiça frescal de frango. Para tanto, foram processadas duas massas de linguiça, sendo uma delasadicionado ácido lático (0,15%). As linguiças foram então embaladas nas seguintes atmosferas: 100%ar atmosférico, 100%N2, 100% CO2, 80% CO2/20% N2, 40% CO2/60% N2 e 20% CO2/80% N2, e armazenadas durante 16 dias a 4±2oC. Foramrealizadas, nos dias 0, 1, 9 e 16, análises bacteriológicas: contagem em placa de bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias mesófilas,bactérias heterotróficas aeróbias psicrotróficas, bactérias ácido-láticas, enterobactérias e Pseudomonas; e determinaçãodo pH. A EAM a 80/20 CO2/N2 mostrou-se como método mais eficaz, sob o ponto de vista microbiológico, em termos deconservação da linguiça frescal de frango, atingindo ao final do experimento valores de 6,0; 5,3 e 5,0 Log UFC/g (bactériasmesófilas, psicrotróficas e ácido-láticas, respectivamente). Em relação à adição do AL, tal tratamento foi eficaz sob o aspectode inibição microbiológica em quase todas as atmosferas, com exceção da 80/20 CO2/N2. Durante o experimento, não foiobservado crescimento de enterobactérias e Pseudomonas. Em relação ao pH, pôde-se observar que a adição de 0,15% deAL provocou uma queda do pH de 5,89 para ~5,50, suficiente para acarretar uma inibição significativa da taxa de multiplicaçãomicrobiana nas diferentes atmosferas, exceto na 80/20 CO2/N2. Pôde se concluir que a EAM com 80/20 CO2/N2, mostrou-secomo o método de conservação mais eficaz quanto ao aumento da vida útil da linguiça de frango e a adição de 0,15% de ALdemonstrou ser uma alternativa eficaz para conservação deste produto.(AU)
The present work has an objective to observe and to characterize, through microbiological analyses and pH determination, the influence of the Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and the lactic acid addictive in shelf life of fresh poultry sausage. Two sausage batches were made under laboratory control. One of them was added of lactic acid (0.15%). The samples were processed, and packaged in plastic bags (four sausages per bag). Finally, the bags were filled with different atmospheres: 100% air, 100% N2, 100% CO2, 80/20 CO2/N2, 40/60 CO2/N2 and 20/80 CO2/N2. Samples were stored in walk?in cold rooms at 4±2°C. Samples were taken at different days of storage (zero, 1, 9 and 16). Both added and not added with lactic acid samples were subjected to total viable aerobic counts (mesophylic and psycrophylic), lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas sp. in specific media plates. Also, it was determinate the pH of all the samples. The results were arranged in tables and graphs for the descriptive statistical analyses. The MAP 80/20 CO2/N2 was the more effective method to conserve fresh poultry sausages, reaching at the end of the experiment values of 6.0; 5,3 and 5.0 Log UFC/g (mesophylic, psycrophylic and acid-lactic bacteria, respectively), comparing to the conventional package (100% air) and 100% N2 that reached at the end of the experiment maximum values of 8.8 and 9.4 Log UFC/g, respectively. The addition of the acid lactic was effective about the aspect of microbiological inhibition, reaching inferior values in almost all the atmospheres comparing to the samples without addition of the acid, except to 80/20 CO2/N2, that the values of the microbial count in both treatments (with and without acid) they were very close. During the experiment, it was not observed the growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. Analyzing the pH, it can be observed that the addition of 0.15% lactic acid caused a fall of the pH of 5.89 for ~5.50, enough to inhibit the microbial multiplication in the different atmospheres, except in 80/20 CO2/N2. After analyzed this results, it was concluded that MAP to 80/20% of CO2/N2 was the more effective method to increase the shelf life of the fresh poultry sausage, added or not added with lactic acid; the addition of 0.15% of lactic acid was an effective alternative for conservation of fresh poultry sausage chicken, wrapped or not in modified atmosphere(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Embalaje de Alimentos/tendencias , Productos de la Carne/análisis , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico/análisisRESUMEN
The aims of this study were: (1) to correlate surface (SH) and cross-sectional hardness (CSH) with microradiographic parameters of artificial enamel lesions; (2) to compare lesions prepared by different protocols. Fifty bovine enamel specimens were allocated by stratified randomisation according to their initial SH values to five groups and lesions produced by different methods: MC gel (methylcellulose gel/lactic acid, pH 4.6, 14 days); PA gel (polyacrylic acid/lactic acid/hydroxyapatite, pH 4.8, 16 h); MHDP (undersaturated lactate buffer/methyl diphosphonate, pH 5.0, 6 days); buffer (undersaturated acetate buffer/fluoride, pH 5.0, 16 h), and pH cycling (7 days). SH of the lesions (SH(1)) was measured. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned and transverse microradiography (TMR) and CSH measured at 10- to 220-microm depth from the surface. Overall, there was a medium correlation but non-linear and variable relationship between mineral content and radicalCSH. radicalSH(1) was weakly to moderately correlated with surface layer properties, weakly correlated with lesion depth but uncorrelated with integrated mineral loss. MHDP lesions showed the highest subsurface mineral loss, followed by pH cycling, buffer, PA gel and MC gel lesions. The conclusions were: (1) CSH, as an alternative to TMR, does not estimate mineral content very accurately, but gives information about mechanical properties of lesions; (2) SH should not be used to analyse lesions; (3) artificial caries lesions produced by the protocols differ, especially considering the method of analysis.
Asunto(s)
Cariogénicos/efectos adversos , Caries Dental/patología , Esmalte Dental/patología , Acetatos/efectos adversos , Resinas Acrílicas/efectos adversos , Anatomía Transversal , Animales , Apatitas/farmacología , Tampones (Química) , Fosfatos de Calcio/farmacología , Cariostáticos/farmacología , Bovinos , Caries Dental/metabolismo , Esmalte Dental/química , Difosfonatos/efectos adversos , Durapatita/efectos adversos , Fluoruros/farmacología , Geles , Dureza , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Metilcelulosa/efectos adversos , Microrradiografía , Distribución Aleatoria , Soluciones , Factores de Tiempo , Desmineralización Dental/patología , Remineralización DentalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The present study reports on the preparation and testing of a desoxycholate amphotericin B (D-AMB) sustained delivery system based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) polymeric blends (Nano-D-AMB) aimed at reducing the number of AMB administrations required to treat mycosis. METHODS: BALB/c mice were infected with the yeast Paracoccidioides brasiliensis intravenously to mimic the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis. At 30 days post-infection, the animals were treated with Nano-D-AMB [6 mg/kg of encapsulated D-AMB, intraperitoneally (ip), interval of 72 h] or D-AMB (2 mg/kg, ip, interval of 24 h). Drug efficacy was investigated by the fungal burden recovery from tissues. Toxicity was assessed by renal and hepatic biochemical parameters, physical appearance of the animals and haematological investigation. The control groups used were non-infected and the infected mice mock treated with PBS. RESULTS: Nano-D-AMB presented results comparable to free D-AMB, with a marked antifungal efficacy. The Nano-D-AMB-treated group presented lower loss of body weight and absence of stress sign (piloerection and hypotrichosis) observed after D-AMB treatment. No renal [blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine] or hepatic (pyruvic and oxalacetic glutamic transaminases) biochemical abnormalities were found. The micronucleus assay showed no significant differences in both the micronucleus frequency and percentage of polychromatic erythrocytes for Nano-D-AMB, indicating the absence of genotoxicity and cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: The D-AMB-coated PLGA-DMSA nanoparticle showed antifungal efficacy, fewer undesirable effects and a favourable extended dosing interval. Nano-D-AMB comprises an AMB formulation able to lessen the number of drug administrations. Further studies would elucidate whether Nano-D-AMB would be useful to treat systemic fungal infections such as paracoccidioidomycosis, candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis.
Asunto(s)
Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Ácido Desoxicólico/uso terapéutico , Ácido Láctico/uso terapéutico , Nanopartículas/uso terapéutico , Paracoccidioides/efectos de los fármacos , Paracoccidioidomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Poliglicólico/uso terapéutico , Succímero/uso terapéutico , Anfotericina B/administración & dosificación , Anfotericina B/efectos adversos , Animales , Peso Corporal , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Médula Ósea/patología , Médula Ósea/fisiología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Ácido Desoxicólico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Desoxicólico/efectos adversos , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/fisiología , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/microbiología , Hígado/fisiología , Pulmón/microbiología , Pulmón/patología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Nanopartículas/administración & dosificación , Nanopartículas/efectos adversos , Ácido Poliglicólico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Poliglicólico/efectos adversos , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Succímero/administración & dosificación , Succímero/efectos adversos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A mensuração da lactatemia como indicador indireto da oxigenação dos tecidos e, por conseguinte, de estresse e acidemia, tem potencial para se tornar uma ferramenta muito útil em medicina veterinária. Neste estudo, 10 cães domésticos adultos clinicamente saudáveis foram anestesiados pela associação de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilazina e atropina, em doses calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica intraespecífica. A lactatemia foi mensurada por meio de reação enzimática, com leitura por fotometria de reflectância, 1.140 minutos e um minuto antes da administração da associação anestésica por via intramuscular, aos 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 180, 360, 720, 1.140, 2.880 e 14.440 minutos após a injeção. O comportamento das concentrações de lactato frente aos eventos experimentais evidenciou normalidade antes e depois da anestesia, e queda significativa durante a mesma. Concluiu-se que a anestesia dissociativa pela associação de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilazina e atropina, em doses calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica intraespecífica, não eleva a lactatemia. De fato, durante a anestesia ocorreu queda significativa das concentrações de lactato em relação aos níveis considerados basais.
Lactate level measuring as an indirect indicator of tissue oxygenation, and consequently stress and acidemia, isa potentially useful tool for Veterinary Medicine. In this study 10 adult healthy dogs were anesthetized with the combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, xylazine and atropine, with dosages calculated by intraespecific allometric scaling. Blood lactate was measured by enzymatic reaction with reflectancy photometry 1.140 and one minute before intramuscular administration of the anesthetic combination, and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 180, 360, 720, 1,140, 2.880 and 14.440 minutes after the injection. Serum lactate concentrations were normal prior and after anesthesia, and presented significant decrease throughout it. It was concluded that the combination of tiletamina, zolazepam, xylazine and atropine in allometrically scaled dosages do not increase lactatemia. In fact, significant decrease of lactate serum concentrations in comparison with basal levels was observed during anesthesia.
La mensuración de la lactatemia como indicador indirecto de la oxigenación de los tejidos, así como de estrés y acidemia, tiene potencial para tornarse una herramienta muy útil en medicina veterinaria. En este estudio fueron anestesiados 10 perros adultos saludables con la asociación de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilacina y atropina, en dosis calculadas por medio de extrapolación alométrica intraespecífica. La lactatemia fue mensurada por medio de reacción enzimática, con evaluación porfotometría de reflectancia, 1.140 minutos y un minuto antes de la suministración de la combinación anestésica por vía intramuscular,y a los 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 180, 360, 720, 1.140, 2.880 y 14.440 minutos después de la inyección. El comportamiento de las concentraciones de lactato delante de los eventos experimentales evidenció normalidad antes y después de la anestesia, y caída significativa durante la misma. Se concluyó que la anestesia disociativa por la combinación de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilacina y atropina, en dosis calculadas por medio de extrapolación alométrica intraespecífica, no eleva la lactatemia. De facto, durante la anestesia ocurrió caída significativa de las concentraciones de lactato en relación a los niveles considerados basales.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Anestésicos Disociativos/administración & dosificación , Perros , Biomarcadores/análisis , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversosRESUMEN
A mensuração da lactatemia como indicador indireto da oxigenação dos tecidos e, por conseguinte, de estresse e acidemia, tem potencial para se tornar uma ferramenta muito útil em medicina veterinária. Neste estudo, 10 cães domésticos adultos clinicamente saudáveis foram anestesiados pela associação de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilazina e atropina, em doses calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica intraespecífica. A lactatemia foi mensurada por meio de reação enzimática, com leitura por fotometria de reflectância, 1.140 minutos e um minuto antes da administração da associação anestésica por via intramuscular, aos 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 180, 360, 720, 1.140, 2.880 e 14.440 minutos após a injeção. O comportamento das concentrações de lactato frente aos eventos experimentais evidenciou normalidade antes e depois da anestesia, e queda significativa durante a mesma. Concluiu-se que a anestesia dissociativa pela associação de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilazina e atropina, em doses calculadas por meio de extrapolação alométrica intraespecífica, não eleva a lactatemia. De fato, durante a anestesia ocorreu queda significativa das concentrações de lactato em relação aos níveis considerados basais.(AU)
Lactate level measuring as an indirect indicator of tissue oxygenation, and consequently stress and acidemia, isa potentially useful tool for Veterinary Medicine. In this study 10 adult healthy dogs were anesthetized with the combination of tiletamine, zolazepam, xylazine and atropine, with dosages calculated by intraespecific allometric scaling. Blood lactate was measured by enzymatic reaction with reflectancy photometry 1.140 and one minute before intramuscular administration of the anesthetic combination, and at 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 180, 360, 720, 1,140, 2.880 and 14.440 minutes after the injection. Serum lactate concentrations were normal prior and after anesthesia, and presented significant decrease throughout it. It was concluded that the combination of tiletamina, zolazepam, xylazine and atropine in allometrically scaled dosages do not increase lactatemia. In fact, significant decrease of lactate serum concentrations in comparison with basal levels was observed during anesthesia.(AU)
La mensuración de la lactatemia como indicador indirecto de la oxigenación de los tejidos, así como de estrés y acidemia, tiene potencial para tornarse una herramienta muy útil en medicina veterinaria. En este estudio fueron anestesiados 10 perros adultos saludables con la asociación de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilacina y atropina, en dosis calculadas por medio de extrapolación alométrica intraespecífica. La lactatemia fue mensurada por medio de reacción enzimática, con evaluación porfotometría de reflectancia, 1.140 minutos y un minuto antes de la suministración de la combinación anestésica por vía intramuscular,y a los 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 180, 360, 720, 1.140, 2.880 y 14.440 minutos después de la inyección. El comportamiento de las concentraciones de lactato delante de los eventos experimentales evidenció normalidad antes y después de la anestesia, y caída significativa durante la misma. Se concluyó que la anestesia disociativa por la combinación de tiletamina, zolazepam, xilacina y atropina, en dosis calculadas por medio de extrapolación alométrica intraespecífica, no eleva la lactatemia. De facto, durante la anestesia ocurrió caída significativa de las concentraciones de lactato en relación a los niveles considerados basales.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Biomarcadores/análisis , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Anestésicos Disociativos/administración & dosificación , PerrosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the local bone condition of autogenous chin grafts in contact with resorbable polymers fixation devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven patients presenting severe maxillary and mandibular atrophy underwent alveolar ridge reconstruction with autogenous chin grafts fixed with conventional metallic screws, who received poly L-lactide acid-polyglycolic acid and titanium test screws for histological evaluation after 4 months of implantation. RESULTS: Viable bone tissue could be seen in the specimens related to titanium test screws, with no signs of bone resorption or inflammation. A thick layer of fibrous connective tissue was observed between the resorbable test screws and bone tissue, which presented a few areas of resorption. CONCLUSION: There are no contraindications of both materials for use as fixation devices in autogenous bone grafts. However, care must be taken when using absorbable screws in a period of 4 months, which can interfere with the sequence of the treatment with endosseous dental implants.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Absorbibles/efectos adversos , Materiales Biocompatibles/efectos adversos , Tornillos Óseos/efectos adversos , Trasplante Óseo , Reacción a Cuerpo Extraño/etiología , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Ácido Poliglicólico/efectos adversos , Polímeros/efectos adversos , Adulto , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar/métodos , Implantación Dental Endoósea , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ensayo de Materiales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oseointegración , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , TitanioRESUMEN
Evaluar si la velocidad de ascenso en la concentración plasmática del ácido láctico (Alp) constituye un índice pronóstico útil en pacientes pediátricos con sepsis. Se determinó el Alp a las 0,12,24,36,48, y 60 horas ingreso de cada paciente incluidos en la investigación 30 días hasta 12 años. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital J.M. de los Ríos. El Alp se determinó en el laboratorio general del Hospital Centro Médico de Caracas, utilizando un analizador TDx-FLx fabricado por Abbott Laboratories, N Chicago IL 60064. Se tomó una muestra de sangre (arterial o venosa) para dosificar el Alp. Valor normal del Alp 0,5-2,20 mMol/L. Se utilizó el índice de predicción pediátrica (IPP) para pacientes críticamente enfermos, comparándose éste con el Alp y la velocidad con que se modificaron en cada uno de los subgrupos de los pacientes estudiados. Se encontró correlación entre Alp, la velocidad con que la rata de producción del Alp se incrementa y la evolución clínica. A medida que la rata de producción del Alp es igual o mayor a 0,0474m/Mol/L/h mayor es la gravedad de la sepsis, con mayor número de muertes si ésta es igual o mayor a 0,098mMol/L/h. En total 19 pacientes sépticos fallecieron (47,5 por ciento) y 21 sobrevivieron (52,14 por ciento). La velocidad de ascenso en la concentración del Alp en pacientes pediátricos sépticos es un índice pronóstico útil para tomar decisiones terapéuticas más adecuadas
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Niño , Femenino , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Láctico/efectos adversos , Ácido Láctico/uso terapéutico , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Sepsis , Pediatría , VenezuelaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Establecer, en nueve atletas corredores de fondo, los efectos de la deshidratación, durante la realización de um ejercicio submáximo de larga duración 3/4al 80 por cento de la capacidad física máxima de trabajo (PWCmax) y 90 minutos 3/4 sobre la concetración sérica del lactato (L), la relación de éste con la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (RPE). Método: Después de diez minutos de calentamiento en banda rodante, con una pendiente del 1 por cento y al 55 por cento de la PWCmax, siguieron 90 minutos de carrera, en seis intervalos, al 80 por cento de la PWCmax; finalmente, 90 minutos de recuperación pasiva. No se hizo reposición hídrica durante RH (rehidratado) se repuso el 51 por cento del peso corporal perdido em DH. Resultados: durante la actividadd física, en individuos deshidratados, se observó que la concentración sérica del L no varió; la FC incrementó significativamente a partir del minuto 30, y la RPE aumentó a partir del minuto 45. Con la reposición parcial de las pérdidas hídricas, el comportamiento del L no se modificó; el incremento de la FC fue posterior y significativamente menor en los minutos 75 y 90 de la etapa de ejercicio; también fue posterior el incremento de la RPE. Conclusiones: Durante la realización de un ejercicio de intensidad submáxima constante de larga duración ( 80 por cento de la PWCmax y 90 minutos), por corredores de fondo, con reposición hídrica y sin ella, bajo condiciones ambientales neutras, la concentración sérica del L se mantuvo constante y se correlacionó con la FC y con la RPE; esta última incrementó proporcionalmente con la duración del ejercicio. El estado de hidratación no modificó el comportamiento del L ni el de la RPE, pero sí el de la FC.