RESUMEN
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is the association of three or more pathologies among which obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes are included. It causes oxidative stress (OS) and renal dysfunction. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) is a source of natural antioxidants that may control the renal damage caused by the MS. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of a 2% HSL infusion on renal function in a MS rat model induced by the administration of 30% sucrose in drinking water. 24 male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: Control rats, MS rats and MS + HSL rats. MS rats had increased body weight, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, insulin, HOMA index, and leptin (p ≤ 0.04). Renal function was impaired by an increase in perfusion pressure in the isolated and perfused kidney, albuminuria (p ≤ 0.03), and by a decrease in clearance of creatinine (p ≤ 0.04). The activity of some antioxidant enzymes including the superoxide dismutase isoforms, peroxidases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase was decreased (p ≤ 0.05). Lipoperoxidation and carbonylation were increased (p ≤ 0.001). The nitrates/nitrites ratio, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione levels and vitamin C were decreased (p ≤ 0.03). The treatment with 2% HSL reversed these alterations. The results suggest that the treatment with 2% HSL infusion protects renal function through its natural antioxidants which favor an improved renal vascular response. The infusion contributes to the increase in the glomerular filtration rate, by promoting an increase in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems leading to a decrease in OS and reestablishing the normal renal function.
Asunto(s)
Albuminuria/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hibiscus/química , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Albuminuria/sangre , Albuminuria/patología , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Creatinina/sangre , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/sangre , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Transferasa/sangre , Hipolipemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Insulina/sangre , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/fisiopatología , Leptina/sangre , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/patología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Red blood cells from smoking donors can have more lesions from oxidative stress, decreasing the benefits of blood transfusion. We aimed to explore the effect of cigarette smoking on the oxidative status of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) prior to storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared serum vitamin C, plasmatic malondialdehyde (MDA), and non-protein thiol groups (GSH) levels in PRBCs, as well glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) activity in PRBCs from smoking (n=36) and non-smoking (n=36) donors. We also correlated urinary cotinine levels with these parameters. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was associated with decreased serum levels of vitamin C and GPx, and increased GST activity in PRBCs. We found negative correlations between cotinine, GPx activity and vitamin C levels, and a positive correlation between cotinine and GST activity. DISCUSSION: Cigarette smoking changed antioxidant defences of PRBCs prior to storage and these parameters are correlated with cotinine levels. Increased RBC antioxidants such as GST may reflect an exposure to oxidants during erythropoiesis. Because of the inability of mature RBCs to resynthesise antioxidants, PRBCs from smokers may have higher risk of storage lesions than those from non-smoker donors.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Fumar Cigarrillos/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Antioxidantes/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Cotinina/orina , Eritrocitos/química , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/sangre , Glutatión Transferasa/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangreRESUMEN
This study aims to model genetic, immunologic, metabolomics, and proteomic biomarkers for development of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes in a prospective high-risk cohort. We studied 67 children: 42 who developed IA (20 of 42 progressed to diabetes) and 25 control subjects matched for sex and age. Biomarkers were assessed at four time points: earliest available sample, just prior to IA, just after IA, and just prior to diabetes onset. Predictors of IA and progression to diabetes were identified across disparate sources using an integrative machine learning algorithm and optimization-based feature selection. Our integrative approach was predictive of IA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.91) and progression to diabetes (AUC 0.92) based on standard cross-validation (CV). Among the strongest predictors of IA were change in serum ascorbate, 3-methyl-oxobutyrate, and the PTPN22 (rs2476601) polymorphism. Serum glucose, ADP fibrinogen, and mannose were among the strongest predictors of progression to diabetes. This proof-of-principle analysis is the first study to integrate large, diverse biomarker data sets into a limited number of features, highlighting differences in pathways leading to IA from those predicting progression to diabetes. Integrated models, if validated in independent populations, could provide novel clues concerning the pathways leading to IA and type 1 diabetes.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Adenosina Difosfato/metabolismo , Adolescente , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Autoinmunidad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Butiratos/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Femenino , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Manosa/sangre , Modelos Biológicos , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 22/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The purpose is to determine markers of oxidative stress related to the longer and shorter duration of labor (DOL) of pregnant women in the umbilical cord blood of neonates, not yet studied. Blood samples from the umbilical cord were collected from pregnant women with normal delivery and classified according to DOL in two groups: a group with DOL less than 310 min (n = 33) and a group with DOL greater than or equal to 310 min (n = 35). The oxidative stress parameters were analyzed by the quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), protein thiol groups (P-SH) and non-protein (NP-SH), vitamin C and plasma iron reduction capacity (FRAP), in addition to the activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D). The activity of the δ-ALA-D enzyme was shown to be decreased in longer DOL, however, the oxidant parameters and antioxidants were higher in the longer DOL, with the exception of NP-SH that was lower. The longer maternal DOL time is related to the alteration of δ-ALA-D enzyme activity and other parameters in neonates, suggesting an increase in the passage of maternal oxidative markers by umbilical cord blood.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/sangre , Sangre Fetal/metabolismo , Trabajo de Parto/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Antioxidantes/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/sangre , Embarazo , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Despite that fruits and vegetables are key elements for health promotion, there are limited studies validating their intake in children. We aimed to validate the SAYCARE (South American Youth/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental) Study Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the combination of the FFQ frequency of intake with the 24 h-dietary-recall (24 h-DR) (mean of 3 days), for children's fruit and vegetable intake. The reference methods were plasma dosages of ß-carotene, retinol, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, which were collected in the school environment. It is a validity study in a subsample of 45 children aged 6-10 years participating in the SAYCARE Study, from São Paulo (Brazil). The FFQ was answered by the parents/guardians over the previous 3 months; the 24 h-DR was answered three times (two weekdays by nutritionists, one weekend day by parents/guardians). The mean fruit and vegetable intake (combined with frequency of intake) was calculated using the multiple source method (MSM). Multiple linear regression showed pooled correlation coefficients of 0.29 to 0.35 for the reported fruit and vegetable intake estimated by the FFQ and the MSM, respectively. The SAYCARE FFQ is an accurate and useful tool for ranking fruit and vegetable intake in children between 6-10 years from the SAYCARE Study.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Encuestas sobre Dietas , Frutas , Verduras , Vitamina A/sangre , Vitamina E/sangre , Niño , Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , América del SurRESUMEN
Pregnancy is characterized by changes in various organs, triggering changes in the use of energy substrates and increased oxygen consumption. In addition, gestation is an oxidative event that can be assessed by the relationship between free radicals and antioxidants produced by the body. Excessive production of free radicals has detrimental effects such as damage to enzymes, carbohydrates, and DNA. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status and antioxidant responses throughout pregnancy through a longitudinal study. Reactive oxygen species were analyzed by means of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitric oxide, the antioxidant system through vitamin C, sulfhydryl groups, total antioxidant capacity, and ferric reducing ability of plasma as well as enzymes such as catalase and delta-aminolevulinate-dehydratase in pregnant women in the three gestational trimesters (n = 30). According to the results, the markers of oxidative damage showed significant differences in the different gestational trimesters where they were increased in the second trimester when compared to the first trimester. The antioxidant defenses responded differently in each gestational trimester, suggesting a response pattern to try to combat the damage caused by free radicals, in order to stabilize the increase of oxidative stress caused in the second gestational trimester.
Asunto(s)
Estrés Oxidativo , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/metabolismo , Adulto , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Catalasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/sangre , Embarazo , Trimestres del Embarazo , Mujeres Embarazadas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms of tissue injury after cardiac arrest (CA). A decrease in antioxidant defenses may contribute to I/R injury. The present study aims to investigate the influence of mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) on levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants after CA. We investigated antioxidant levels at 6, 12, 36, and 72 hours after CA in central venous blood samples of patients admitted to intensive care. The sample consisted of 31 patients under controlled normothermia (36°C) and 11 patients treated with 24 hours of MTH (33°C). Erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) levels were elevated by MTH, increasing at 6, 12, 36, and 72 hours after CA in hypothermic patients (mean GSH levels in normothermic patients: 6 hours = 73.89, 12 hours = 56.45, 36 hours = 56.46, 72 hours = 61.80 vs. hypothermic patients: 6 hours = 176.89, 12 hours = 198.78, 36 hours = 186.96, and 72 hours = 173.68 µmol/g of protein). Vitamin C levels decreased significantly at 6 and 12 hours after CA in hypothermic patients (median vitamin C levels in normothermic patients: 6 hours = 7.53, 12 hours = 9.40, 36 hours = 8.56, and 72 hours = 8.51 vs. hypothermic patients: 6 hours = 5.46, 12 hours = 5.44, 36 hours = 6.10, and 72 hours = 5.89 mmol/L), coinciding with the period of therapeutic hypothermia. Vitamin E and nitric oxide levels were not altered by hypothermic treatment. These findings suggest that MTH alters nonenzymatic antioxidants differently, decreasing circulating vitamin C levels during treatment; however, MTH elevates GSH levels, possibly protecting tissues from I/R injury after CA.
Asunto(s)
Glutatión/sangre , Paro Cardíaco/sangre , Paro Cardíaco/terapia , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Anciano , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Cuidados Críticos , Eritrocitos/química , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , Vitamina E/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The subjective global assessment (SGA) is a powerful tool for nutrition status assessment. Our aim was to compare vitamin C serum levels among patients classified as A, B, or C in the SGA. METHODS: One hundred-and-fifty adults in the wards of the University Hospital participated in this study. Besides SGA, all cases were submitted to anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and 24-hour dietary recall. Laboratory data included blood hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum albumin, transferrin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and vitamin C. Acute phase response was defined by serum CRP > 0.5 mg/dL; low serum vitamin C was defined by serum levels < 0.4 mg/dL. Analysis of variance and χ2 tests were used to compare groups; P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Patients were diagnosed as SGA A (n = 76), B (n = 38), or C (n = 36) and showed different anthropometry and BIA. The same occurred, respectively, with vitamin C (median; range, in mg/day) intake (55.0; 4.7-140.6 vs 34.0; 10.3-244.2 vs 15.8; 2.3-124.0) and high (%) CRP (88.3 vs 65.8 vs 48.7) and low (%) vitamin C serum levels (21.1 vs 34.2 vs 63.9). CONCLUSION: Patients with worst nutrition parameters (SGA C) showed lower ascorbic acid serum levels than those classified as SGA A or B. These results are in accordance with reduced vitamin C intake and the presence of acute phase response.
Asunto(s)
Reacción de Fase Aguda , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Hospitalización , Estado Nutricional , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Antropometría , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Impedancia Eléctrica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Evaluación NutricionalRESUMEN
Wine grape pomace flour (WGPF) is a fruit byproduct that is high in fiber and antioxidants. We tested whether WGPF consumption could affect blood biochemical parameters, including oxidative stress biomarkers. In a three-month intervention study, 27 male volunteers, each with some components of metabolic syndrome, consumed a beef burger supplemented with 7% WGPF containing 3.5% of fiber and 1.2 mg gallic equivalents (GE)/g of polyphenols (WGPF-burger), daily, during the first month. The volunteers consumed no burgers in the second month, and one control-burger daily in the third month. At baseline and after these periods, we evaluated the metabolic syndrome components, plasma antioxidant status (i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity (DPPH), vitamin E, vitamin C), and oxidative damage markers (i.e., advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), malondialdehyde (MDA)). The WGPF-burger intake significantly reduced glycemia and homeostatic model assessment-based measurement of insulin resistance. Vitamin C increased and decreased during the consumption of the WGPF-burger and control-burger, respectively. The WGPF-burger intake significantly decreased AOPP and oxLDL levels. Vitamin E and MDA levels showed no significant changes. In conclusion, the consumption of beef burgers prepared with WGPF improved fasting glucose and insulin resistance, plasma antioxidant levels, and oxidative damage markers. Therefore, this functional ingredient has potential as a dietary supplement to manage chronic disease risk in humans.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Harina , Síndrome Metabólico/sangre , Carne Roja , Vitis/química , Adulto , Productos Avanzados de Oxidación de Proteínas/sangre , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Glucemia/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ayuno/sangre , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangre , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posprandial , Vitamina E/sangreRESUMEN
Workers involved in mining activities are exposed to crystalline silica, which leads to constant pulmonary inflammatory reactions and severe oxidative damage, resulting in silicosis. In this work, we aimed to evaluate inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters as potential early biomarkers of effect to assess crystalline silica toxicity in workers who had occupational exposure during mining. We enrolled 38 workers exposed to crystalline silica (WECS), 24 individuals with silicosis (IWS), and 30 occupationally unexposed workers (OUW), a total of 92 participants. The WECS were divided into 2 groups, according to the time of exposure: 19 workers with 1-15â¯years of occupational exposure (WECS I) and 19 workers with >16â¯years of occupational exposure (WECS II). The inflammatory parameters assessed were L-selectin, ß-2 integrin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) surface protein expression in lymphocytes and monocytes, complement C3 and C4, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in serum. Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of vitamin C were determined as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Biochemical and hematological parameters were also investigated. L-selectin surface protein expression was significantly decreased in the WECS II group (pâ¯<â¯0.05), indicating the importance of this immune system component as a potential marker of crystalline-silica-induced toxicity. The MDA levels were significantly increased in the WECS I, WECS II, and IWS groups compared to the OUW group (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Vitamin C levels were decreased, while C3, hsCRP, ADA, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were increased in the IWS group compared to the OUW group (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Glucose and urea levels were significantly higher in the WECS I, II, and IWS groups compared to the OUW group (pâ¯<â¯0.05). Negative partial association was found between L-selectin and time of exposure (pâ¯<â¯0.001), supporting the relevance of this biomarker evaluation in long-term exposure to crystalline silica. Significant associations were also observed among inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. Therefore, our results demonstrated the relevance of L-selectin as a potential peripheral biomarker for monitoring crystalline silica-induced toxicity in miners after chronic exposure, before silicosis has developed. However, more studies are necessary for better understanding of the use L-selectin as an early biomarker in exposed workers.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/diagnóstico , Malondialdehído/sangre , Estrés Oxidativo , Silicosis/sangre , Silicosis/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangre , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the activity of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and oxidative stress biomarkers in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), in order to demonstrate the involvement of oxidative stress in this condition, which presents pathophysiology still undetermined. METHODS: δ-ALA-D activity, lipid peroxidation estimated as the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein (P-SH) and non-protein thiol (NP-SH) content, catalase (CAT) activity and concentration of vitamin C (VIT C) in samples of pregnant women with GDM (n = 48) and in healthy pregnant women (n = 30), who constituted the control group. RESULTS: The δ-ALA-D activity was significantly lower in pregnant women with GDM compared to controls, as well as levels of thiols, VIT C and CAT activity. Lipid peroxidation was higher in GDM group. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that the main factor for the increase in oxidative stress and reduced δ-ALA-D activity in diabetic pregnant women is gestational hyperglycemic environment, which changed the redox balance and interfered on mechanism of the δ-ALA-D activity in relation to normoglycemic pregnant women.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/metabolismo , Adulto , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catalasa/sangre , Catalasa/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/sangre , Embarazo , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisisRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in both cooperative-affiliated and independent waste pickers operating at the municipal sanitary landfill in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and associate these findings with hemoglobin, eosinophils, vitamin A and C levels and interleukin 5 and 10 (IL-5 and IL-10) production. Biological samples were collected, in addition to clinical, epidemiological, and sociodemographic data. Stool analyzes were based on sedimentation by centrifugation and on spontaneous sedimentation. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine vitamin A and C levels. ELISA was employed to quantify interleukins. Intestinal parasites were found in 29 of the 66 subjects assessed (43.9%). Endolimax nana (22.7%), Entamoeba coli (21.1%), Giardia lamblia (6.1%), Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (4.5%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (4.5%) were the most prevalent species. Pathogenic parasites were detected in 11 individuals (16.7%). Hypovitaminoses A and C were detected in 19.6% (13/66) and 98.4% (65/66) of subjects, respectively. IL-5 and IL-10 production was observed in 21 (31.8%) and 32 (48.4%) subjects, respectively. Infection with pathogenic intestinal parasites was not a cause of vitamin A and C deficiency or IL-5 and IL-10 production among these workers.
Asunto(s)
Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/parasitología , Instalaciones de Eliminación de Residuos , Adulto , Anciano , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Eosinófilos , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interleucina-5/sangre , Parasitosis Intestinales/parasitología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Condiciones Sociales , Factores Socioeconómicos , Vitamina A/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION:: Obesity refers to the accumulation of fatty tissues and it favors the occurrence of oxidative stress. Alternatives that can contribute to body weight reduction have been investigated in order to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species responsible for tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the oxidant and antioxidant markers of obese women before and after bariatric surgery were able to reduce oxidative damage. METHOD:: We have assessed 16 morbidly obese women five days before and 180 days after the surgery. The control group comprised 16 non-obese women. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, carbonylated proteins, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were assessed in the patients' plasma. RESULTS:: Levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the pre-surgical obese women were higher than those of the controls and post-surgical obese women. Levels of reduced glutathione in the pre-surgical obese women were high compared to the controls, and declined after surgery. Levels of ascorbic acid fell in the pre--surgical obese women compared to the control and post-surgical obese women. CONCLUSION:: Body weight influences the production of reactive oxygen species. Bariatric surgery, combined with weight loss and vitamin supplementation, reduces cellular oxidation, thus reducing tissue damage.
Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica/métodos , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/cirugía , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , Antioxidantes/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Glutatión/sangre , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Carbonilación Proteica/fisiología , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisisRESUMEN
Summary Introduction: Obesity refers to the accumulation of fatty tissues and it favors the occurrence of oxidative stress. Alternatives that can contribute to body weight reduction have been investigated in order to reduce the production of reactive oxygen species responsible for tissue damage. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the oxidant and antioxidant markers of obese women before and after bariatric surgery were able to reduce oxidative damage. Method: We have assessed 16 morbidly obese women five days before and 180 days after the surgery. The control group comprised 16 non-obese women. Levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, carbonylated proteins, reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were assessed in the patients' plasma. Results: Levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the pre-surgical obese women were higher than those of the controls and post-surgical obese women. Levels of reduced glutathione in the pre-surgical obese women were high compared to the controls, and declined after surgery. Levels of ascorbic acid fell in the pre--surgical obese women compared to the control and post-surgical obese women. Conclusion: Body weight influences the production of reactive oxygen species. Bariatric surgery, combined with weight loss and vitamin supplementation, reduces cellular oxidation, thus reducing tissue damage.
Resumo Introdução: Na obesidade, verifica-se um acúmulo de tecido adiposo, o que favorece a ocorrência de estresse oxidativo. A fim de diminuir a produção das espécies reativas que levam a danos teciduais, buscam-se alternativas que contribuam para a redução do peso corporal. Este estudo avaliou se os marcadores oxidantes e antioxidantes de obesas antes e após cirurgia bariátrica reduziram o dano oxidativo. Método: Foram avaliadas 16 mulheres obesas mórbidas cinco dias antes e 180 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. O grupo controle constituiu-se de 16 mulheres não obesas. Os níveis das substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, das proteínas carboniladas, da glutationa reduzida e do ácido ascórbico foram avaliados no plasma dessas pacientes. Resultados: Os níveis de lipoperoxidação e da carbonilação de proteínas nas obesas pré-cirúrgicas eram mais elevados quando comparados ao controle e às obesas pós-cirúrgicas; os níveis de glutationa reduzida eram maiores nas obesas pré-cirúrgicas em comparação ao controle e diminuíram após a cirurgia; os níveis de ácido ascórbico eram menores nas obesas pré-cirúrgicas em relação ao controle e às obesas pós-cirúrgicas. Conclusão: Observou-se que a massa corporal influenciou na produção das espécies reativas. A cirurgia bariátrica, somada à perda de peso e à suplementação vitamínica, diminui a oxidação celular e, com isso, reduz os danos teciduais.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Cirugía Bariátrica/métodos , Obesidad/cirugía , Obesidad/metabolismo , Periodo Posoperatorio , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Peroxidación de Lípido/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Análisis de Varianza , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Carbonilación Proteica/fisiología , Glutatión/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Antioxidantes/análisisRESUMEN
Preeclampsia is an important pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder characterized by the onset of hypertension and proteinuria. It is of unknown etiology and involves serious risks for the pregnant women and fetus. One of the main factors involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia is oxidative stress, where excess free radicals produce harmful effects, including damage to macromolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA. In addition, the sulfhydryl delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase enzyme (δ-ALA-D) that is part of the heme biosynthetic pathway in pro-oxidant conditions can be inhibited, which may result in the accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), associated with the overproduction of free radicals, suggesting it to be an indirect marker of oxidative stress. As hypertensive pregnancy complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality maternal and fetal where oxidative stress appears to be an important factor involved in preeclampsia, the aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of δ-ALA-D and classic oxidative stress markers in the blood of pregnant women with mild and severe preeclampsia. The analysis and quantification of the following oxidative stress markers were performed: thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS); presence of protein and non-protein thiol group; quantification of vitamin C; Catalase and δ-ALA--D activities in samples of blood of pregnant women with mild preeclampsia (n=25), with severe preeclampsia (n=30) and in a control group of healthy pregnant women (n=30). TBARS was significantly higher in women with preeclampsia, while the presence of thiol groups, levels of vitamin C, catalase and δ-ALA-D activity were significantly lower in groups of pregnant women with preeclampsia compared with healthy women. In addition, the results showed no significant difference between groups of pregnant women with mild and severe preeclampsia. The data suggest a state of increased oxidative stress in pregnant women with preeclampsia compared to healthy pregnant women, which may be related to the complications of this disease.
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Estrés Oxidativo , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/sangre , Preeclampsia/sangre , Adulto , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catalasa/sangre , Regulación hacia Abajo , Femenino , Humanos , Preeclampsia/diagnóstico , Preeclampsia/enzimología , Embarazo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análisis , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In the past several years, the consumption of high-energy, nutrient-poor foods has increased globally. Dietary intake data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2012 provide information to assess the quality of the Mexican diet and to guide food and nutrition policy. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to describe the usual intake and the prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins for the overall Mexican population and by subgroups defined by sex, age, region, urban or rural areas, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: ENSANUT 2012 is a cross-sectional probabilistic survey representative of the Mexican population. Dietary information was collected by using the 24-h recall automated multiple-pass method (n = 10,096) with a repeated measurement on a subsample (n = 889) to permit adjustment for intraindividual variability with the use of the Iowa State University method. Mean usual intakes and the prevalence of inadequate intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and vitamins A, D, E, C, B-6, and B-12 were calculated for children aged 1-4 y (CH1-4y), children aged 5-11 y (CH5-11y), adolescents aged 12-19 y, and adults aged ≥20 y. RESULTS: In all of the age groups, prevalences of inadequate intakes of vitamins D and E were the highest (77-99% of adults and adolescents and 53-95% of CH5-11y and CH1-4y) and those of folate and vitamin A were intermediate (47-70% of adults and adolescents, 15-23% of CH5-11y and 8-13% of CH1-4y), whereas those of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamins B-6, B-12, and C were the lowest (0-37% of adults, 1-27% of adolescents, and 0-2.4% of CH5-11y and CH1-4y). With few exceptions, the highest prevalences of inadequate intakes for vitamins were observed in the poorest populations (rural South region and the lowest tertile of SES). CONCLUSIONS: The intake of vitamins among Mexicans is inadequate overall. Information collected by ENSANUT can help target food assistance programs and develop strategies to prevent vitamin deficiencies.
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Avitaminosis/epidemiología , Dieta , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Avitaminosis/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Niacina/administración & dosificación , Niacina/sangre , Evaluación Nutricional , Encuestas Nutricionales , Prevalencia , Riboflavina/administración & dosificación , Riboflavina/sangre , Población Rural , Factores Socioeconómicos , Tiamina/administración & dosificación , Tiamina/sangre , Población Urbana , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , Vitamina A/sangre , Vitamina D/administración & dosificación , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina E/administración & dosificación , Vitamina E/sangre , Vitaminas/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive motor impairment attributed to progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. In addition to an accumulation of iron, there is also an increased production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and inflammatory markers. These observations suggest that iron dyshomeostasis may be playing a key role in neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying this metal-associated oxidative stress and neuronal damage have not been fully elucidated. To determine peripheral levels of iron, ferritin, and transferrin in PD patients and its possible relation with oxidative/nitrosative parameters, whilst attempting to identify a profile of peripheral biomarkers in this neurological condition. Forty PD patients and 46 controls were recruited to compare serum levels of iron, ferritin, transferrin, oxidative stress markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitrosative stress marker (NOx), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), non-protein thiols (NPSH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and vitamin C) as well as inflammatory markers (NTPDases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase (ADA), ischemic-modified albumin (IMA) and myeloperoxidase). Iron levels were lower in PD patients, whereas there was no difference in ferritin and transferrin. Oxidative stress (TBARS and AOPP) and inflammatory markers (NTPDases, IMA, and myeloperoxidase) were significantly higher in PD, while antioxidants FRAP, vitamin C, and non-protein thiols were significantly lower in PD. The enzymes SOD, CAT, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase were not different among the groups, although NOx and ADA levels were significantly higher in the controls. Our data corroborate the idea that ROS/RNS production and neuroinflammation may dysregulate iron homeostasis and collaborate to reduce the periphery levels of this ion, contributing to alterations observed in the pathophysiology of PD.
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Catalasa/sangre , Hierro/sangre , Enfermedad de Parkinson/sangre , Especies de Nitrógeno Reactivo/sangre , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , 5'-Nucleotidasa/sangre , Adenosina Desaminasa/sangre , Adenosina Trifosfatasas/sangre , Productos Avanzados de Oxidación de Proteínas/sangre , Anciano , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/metabolismo , Neuronas Dopaminérgicas/patología , Femenino , Ferritinas/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , Enfermedad de Parkinson/patología , Porción Compacta de la Sustancia Negra/metabolismo , Porción Compacta de la Sustancia Negra/patología , Peroxidasa/sangre , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Transferrina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disorder of unknown etiology. Oxidative stress and alterations in vitamin D levels have been implicated in the pathophysiology of MS. The aim of this study was to investigate δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) activity as well as the levels of vitamin D, lipid peroxidation levels, carbonyl protein content, DNA damage, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and the vitamin C, vitamin E, and non-protein thiol (NPSH) content in samples from patients with the relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS). The study population consisted of 29 RRMS patients and 29 healthy subjects. Twelve milliliters of blood was obtained from each individual and used for biochemical determinations. The results showed that δ-ALA-D and CAT activities were significantly increased, while SOD activity was decreased in the whole blood of RRMS patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, we observed a significant increase in lipid peroxidation, carbonyl protein levels in serum and damaged DNA in leucocytes in RRMS patients compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, the levels of vitamin C, vitamin E, NPSH, and vitamin D were significantly decreased in RRMS patients in relation to the healthy individuals (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that the increase in δ-ALA-D activity may be related to the inflammatory and immune process in MS in an attempt to maintain the cellular metabolism and reduce oxidative stress. Moreover, the alterations in the oxidant/antioxidant balance and lower vitamin D levels may contribute to the pathophysiology of MS.
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Esclerosis Múltiple/sangre , Esclerosis Múltiple/enzimología , Estrés Oxidativo , Porfobilinógeno Sintasa/sangre , Vitamina D/sangre , Adulto , Ácido Ascórbico/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Catalasa/sangre , Daño del ADN , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/genética , Carbonilación Proteica , Superóxido Dismutasa/sangre , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina E/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress may lead to overproduction of reactive species and a decrease in antioxidant defenses, resulting in chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The consumption of natural compounds with an antioxidant profile may be a preventive alternative. Therefore, we aimed to obtain evidence regarding the potential antioxidant activity of juices in human plasma. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, which included randomized controlled trials that compared the use of fruit or vegetable juices vs. placebo or other beverages. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and SciELO. The outcome measures extracted were related to antioxidant status, e.g., vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels and reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity measured as TEAC. RESULTS: Twenty-eight trials were identified (n = 1089), of which 16 were used for meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed between juices and placebo with regard to TEAC, SOD, and CAT. However, juices were superior to control in enhancing vitamin C and reducing MDA. CONCLUSIONS: Natural juices are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress. The effects of juices should be further investigated by conducting larger and well-defined trials of longer duration.