RESUMEN
Myocardial reperfusion injury (MRI) accounts for up to 50% of the final size in acute myocardial infarction and other conditions associated with ischemia-reperfusion. Currently, there is still no therapy to prevent MRI, but it is well known that oxidative stress has a key role in its mechanism. We previously reduced MRI in rats through a combined antioxidant therapy (CAT) of ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine. This study determines the safety and pharmacokinetics of CAT in a Phase I clinical trial. Healthy subjects (n = 18) were randomized 2:1 to CAT or placebo (NaCl 0.9% i.v.). Two different doses/infusion rates of CATs were tested in a single 90-minute intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specific times for 180 minutes to measure plasma drug concentrations (ascorbic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and deferoxamine) and oxidative stress biomarkers. Adverse events were registered during infusion and followed for 30 days. Both CAT1 and CAT2 significantly increased the CAT drug concentrations compared to placebo (P < .05). Most of the pharmacokinetic parameters were similar between CAT1 and CAT2. In total, 6 adverse events were reported, all nonserious and observed in CAT1. The ferric-reducing ability of plasma (an antioxidant biomarker) increased in both CAT groups compared to placebo (P < .001). The CAT is safe in humans and a potential treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy.
Asunto(s)
Acetilcisteína , Antioxidantes , Ácido Ascórbico , Deferoxamina , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica , Estrés Oxidativo , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacocinética , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Masculino , Acetilcisteína/administración & dosificación , Acetilcisteína/farmacocinética , Acetilcisteína/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacocinética , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Adulto , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Deferoxamina/farmacocinética , Deferoxamina/administración & dosificación , Deferoxamina/efectos adversos , Voluntarios Sanos , Adulto Joven , Infusiones Intravenosas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Biomarcadores/sangreRESUMEN
Abstract Polyphenolics from Rhizophora mangle (R. mangle) have shown wound healing and anti- inflammatory effects that may be potentiated by being associated with ascorbic acid, an important substance for collagen and elastin synthesis that plays a role in tissue repair. In our study, we aimed to formulate an association of R. mangle and ascorbic acid in hydrogels and evaluate the association's cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. In a pre-formulation study, three gelling polymers (i.e.xanthan gum, poloxamer and hydroxyethyl cellulose) were tested. The selected polymer (i.e. xanthan gum) was used to evaluate cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects using flow cytometry. Xanthan gum (1.5%) had a homogeneous appearance, an orange colour, a smooth surface, intense brightness and the typical odour, as well as non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour. With a pH of 5.0-5.3 and a non-cytotoxic profile, xanthan gum induced the proliferation and activation of CD4 +, CD8+ and NK T lymphocytes and the production of IL- 2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α cytokines in stimulated splenocytes. The results suggest that the association of R. mangle and ascorbic acid in 1.5% xanthan gum hydrogel may be promising in preparations for wound-healing processes
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Hidrogeles/clasificación , Rhizophoraceae/efectos adversos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/agonistas , Citrus sinensis/efectos adversos , Citometría de Flujo/métodosRESUMEN
Abstract The incorporation of antioxidants into sunscreens may provide additional skin photoprotection against the harmful photobiological effects of ultraviolet radiation. The present study evaluated the applicability of a screening approach to the assessment of the antioxidant and photoprotective properties of vitamin C, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10 and then determined the performance of the most effective antioxidant in a sunscreen formulation. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, and the photoprotective potential was investigated by the yeast photoprotection assay. The antioxidant with the best effect was incorporated into sunscreen formulations which were evaluated for 120 days regarding their in vitro photoprotective parameters. Vitamin C showed high antioxidant capacity as well as a photoprotective potential against simulated solar irradiation applied for times longer than 1 h. Although the Sun Protection Factor, UVA/UVB ratio and critical wavelength did not differed significantly (p<0.05) between the formulation blank and the formulations containing 0.5% or 1% vitamin C, formulations with vitamin C kept their photostability for 6 months. Consequently, the proposed screening approach seems to be promising for the development of an antisolar photostable formulation containing vitamin C as an antioxidant.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Protectores Solares/análisis , Vitamina E/efectos adversos , Emulsiones/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
It was investigated if pre-incubation ascorbic acid (AA) injection in fertile eggs incubated at high temperature impacts the performance, the yield of carcass and parts, and the intestine morphology of broilers reared under heat stress. Three thousand Cobb® fertile broiler eggs were randomly distributed according to weight into three incubations treatments (eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 37.5°C; eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 39°C; and eggs injected with 6 µg AA/100 µL water prior to incubation and incubated at 39ºC). The hatched birds were reared at thermoneutral, cold, and hot house temperatures. Broilers reared under hot temperature presented lower feed intake and weight gain than the broilers of the different rearing temperatures. Egg incubation at 39.0 ºC and 39.0 ºC + AA reduced broiler viability. Carcass and cut yields were not influenced by incubation and rearing procedures. Duodenal goblet cell count was lower in broilers from eggs of the treatment 39ºC + AA than in broilers from the other incubation treatments and in broiler rearing in hot temperature. In the jejunum, the goblet cell counts were higher in broilers that were reared under hot than thermoneutral temperatures. The incubation treatment of 39 ºC+AA increased the goblet cell counts in the ileum of broilers reared under cold temperatures. Rearing temperature influenced the duodenal villi counts, which were lower under cold rearing conditions than in the two other rearing temperatures. The results showed that egg incubation at 39°C, independently of ascorbic acid injection, did not produce an effective epigenetic heat adaptation in broilers.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Tratamiento Térmico , Huevos , Pollos , Respuesta al Choque Térmico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract The main aim of the paper is to assess whether vitamin C, vitamin D, and natural honey can be administered in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic for promising in line methods with recent evidence. Both systematic literature and clinical trial identification were conducted by searching various databases. A total 58 articles and 29 clinical trials were selected wherein 11 for vitamin C, 16 for vitamin D, and 2 for natural honey were identified for analysis. The high doses of vitamin C (i.e. '200 mg/kg body weight/day, divided into 4 doses') has been found to reduce COVID-19 lung damage, various flu infections. Additionally, the high doses of vitamin C can shorten around 7.8% stay in the intensive care unit. At the same time, vitamin D can effectively protect from lung injury and acute respiratory infections whereas vitamin D deficiency severely affects 75% of the institutionalized people (serum 25(OH) D < 25 nmol/L). Meanwhile, natural honey which contains proteins (0.1-0.4%); ash (0.2%); water (15-17%) has potential antiviral effects and the ability to improve immunity. Therefore, the administration of vitamins and honey is the promising evidence-based approach for reducing fatalities, saving lives, and bringing the COVID-19 pandemic to a rapid end. It is believed that the utilization of vitamin C, vitamin D, and natural honey with the current treatment may be effective in treating COVID-19-caused fatal complications such as pneumonia. Therefore, high-level clinical studies are required on COVID-19 to administrate the effects of vitamins and natural honey
Asunto(s)
Vitaminas/efectos adversos , Tratamiento Farmacológico de COVID-19/clasificación , Miel/efectos adversos , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Neumonía/complicaciones , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Vitamina D/efectos adversos , COVID-19/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Some antioxidant compounds have a pro-oxidant effect in the presence of transition metal ions, due to the reduction of Mn+ to M(n-1)+ with simultaneous formation of free radicals, which then promote DNA damage. In the present study, we evaluated the pUC19 DNA damage in a solution containing Cu(II) and ascorbic acid (AA) or S(IV) saturated with air by agarose gel electrophoresis. Our results showed that this damage decreases if AA and S(IV) are simultaneously added. This study also illustrates the importance of Cu(II) in this process, as no DNA damage was observed when AA or S(IV) were present in the absence of this metallic ion. Our data showed that DNA preservation depends on the concentration of AA and S(IV) and occurs when the [S(IV)]:[AA] ratio ranges from 1:1 to 20:1. Absorbance measurements and thermodynamic data show that no reaction occurs between AA and S(IV) when this mixture (pH 5.5) is added to pUC-19 DNA. The presence of dissolved oxygen may be the cause of AA consumption in the mixture of these two antioxidants, which subsequently decreases DNA damage.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Sulfitos , Daño del ADN , Cobre/farmacología , Iones/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar/instrumentación , Radicales Libres/farmacología , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoAsunto(s)
Humanos , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Vitaminas/efectos adversos , Vitaminas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitaminas/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Vitaminas/efectos adversos , Vitaminas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ingestion of vitamin C is generally regarded as harmless. Oxalate nephropathy is an infrequent condition and is characterized by oxalate deposition in the renal tubules, in some cases resulting in acute kidney injury. It can be caused by overproduction of oxalate in genetic disorders and, more frequently, as a secondary phenomenon provoked by ingestion of oxalate or substances that can be transformed into oxalate in the patient. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of acute oxalate nephropathy in a 59-year-old black male with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who received a kidney transplant 11 years prior. He ingested a large amount of cashew pseudofruit ("cashew apple") during 1 month and developed acute kidney injury. His previous blood creatinine was 2.0 mg/dL, which increased to 7.2 mg/d; he required hemodialysis. He was subsequently discharged without need for dialysis; 3 months later his blood creatinine stabilized at 3.6 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: This pseudofruit is rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and poor in oxalate. Urinary oxalate excretion begins to increase when amounts of ascorbic acid above bodily requirements are ingested, and may provoke acute oxalate nephropathy. The patient's oxalate acute nephropathy, in this case, was attributed to excessive vitamin C ingestion from the cashew pseudofruit associated with decreased renal function.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/cirugía , Anacardium/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Trasplante de Riñón/tendencias , Oxalatos/efectos adversos , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oxalatos/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
This was a placebo-controlled randomized study that aimed to investigate the effects of strength training (ST) combined with antioxidant supplementation on muscle performance and thickness. Forty-two women (age, 23.8 ± 2.7 years; body mass, 58.7 ± 11.0 kg; height, 1.63 ± 0.1 m) were allocated into 3 groups: vitamins (n = 15), placebo (n = 12), or control (n = 15). The vitamins and placebo groups underwent an ST program, twice a week, for 10 weeks. The vitamins group was supplemented with vitamins C (1 g/day) and E (400 IU/day) during the ST period. Before and after training, peak torque (PT) and total work (TW) were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer, and quadriceps muscle thickness (MT) was assessed by ultrasound. Mixed-factor ANOVA was used to analyze data and showed a significant group × time interaction for PT and TW. Both the vitamins (37.2 ± 5.4 to 40.3 ± 5.6 mm) and placebo (39.7 ± 5.2 to 42.5 ± 5.6 mm) groups increased MT after the intervention (P < 0.05) with no difference between them. The vitamins (146.0 ± 29.1 to 170.1 ± 30.3 N·m) and placebo (158.9 ± 22.4 to 182.7 ± 23.2 N·m) groups increased PT after training (P < 0.05) and PT was higher in the placebo compared with the control group (P = 0.01). The vitamins (2068.3 ± 401.2 to 2295.5 ± 426.8 J) and placebo (2165.1 ± 369.5 to 2480.8 ± 241.3 J) groups increased TW after training (P < 0.05) and TW was higher in the placebo compared with the control group (P = 0.01). Thus, chronic antioxidant supplementation may attenuate peak torque and total work improvement in young women after 10 weeks of ST.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos , Contracción Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Fuerza Muscular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Vitamina A/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Brasil , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagen , Factores de Tiempo , Torque , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía , Vitamina A/efectos adversos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Trypanosoma cruzi infection stimulates inflammatory mediators which cause oxidative stress, and the use of antioxidants can minimize the sequelae of Chagas disease. In order to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C in minimizing oxidative damage in Chagas disease, we orally administered ascorbic acid to Swiss mice infected with 5.0â¯×â¯104 trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi QM2 strain. These animals were treated for 60â¯days to investigate the acute phase and 180â¯days for the chronic phase. During the acute phase, the animals in the infected and treated groups demonstrated lower parasitemia and inflammatory processes were seen in more mice in these groups, probably due to the higher concentration of nitric oxide, which led to the formation of peroxynitrite. The decrease in reduced glutathione concentration in this group showed a circulating oxidant state, and this antioxidant was used to regenerate vitamin C. During the chronic phase, the animals in the infected and treated group showed a decrease in ferric reducing ability of plasma and uric acid concentrations as well as mobilization of bilirubin (which had higher plasma concentration), demonstrating cooperation between endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants to combat increased oxidative stress. However, lower ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange concentrations was found in the infected and treated group, suggesting that vitamin C provided biological protection by clearing the peroxynitrite, attenuating the chronic inflammatory process in the tissues and favoring greater survival in these animals. Complex interactions were observed between the antioxidant systems of the host and parasite, with paradoxical actions of vitamin C.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad de Chagas/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Bilirrubina/sangre , Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Enfermedad Crónica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hierro/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Parasitemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Peroxinitroso/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruziRESUMEN
This article discusses the research results on the synergetic effect of chitosan and vitamin C in overcoming free radical effect due to blood lead (Pb2+) accumulation. Blood lead level and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase oxidase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were used as the main parameters. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was normal control group; group 2 was the negative control group treated with lead acetate at 175 mg kg-1 body weight (BW). Group 3 was treated with 64 mg kg-1 BW of chitosan day-1. Group 4, 5, and 6 were treated with chitosan and vitamin C combination at the dose of 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 BW, respectively. All groups were inducted using 175 mg kg-1 BW of Pb-acetate, excluding control group. Results showed that chitosan and vitamin C treatment at the dose of 300 mg kg-1 BW decreased blood Pb2+ level in rats exposed to Pb-acetate. The combination also significantly increased enzymatic activities from SOD, CAT, and GPx compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the combination of chitosan and vitamin C could elevate the several antioxidative enzymes activities in Pb-acetate induced rats.
Este artigo discute os resultados da pesquisa sobre o efeito sinérgico da quitosana e da vitamina C na superação do efeito dos radicais livres devido ao acúmulo de chumbo no sangue (Pb2+). O nível de chumbo no sangue e as atividades enzimáticas de superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase oxidase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx) foram utilizados como parâmetros principais. Trinta ratos albinos adultos foram divididos em seis grupos. Grupo 1 foi grupo controle normal; o grupo 2 foi o grupo controle negativo tratado com acetato de chumbo a 175 mg kg-1 de peso corporal (PC). O grupo 3 foi tratado com 64 mg kg-1 PC de quitosana dia-1. Os grupos 4, 5 e 6 foram tratados com combinação de quitosana e vitamina C nas doses de 100, 200 e 300 mg kg-1 PC, respectivamente. Todos os grupos foram induzidos usando 175 mg kg-1 de PC de Pb-acetato, excluindo o grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com quitosana e vitamina C na dose de 300 mg kg-1 PC diminuiu o nível de Pb2+ no sangue em ratos expostos ao acetato de Pb. A combinação também aumentou significativamente as atividades enzimáticas de SOD, CAT e GPx em comparação com os outros grupos. Em conclusão, a combinação de quitosana e vitamina C pode elevar as várias atividades das enzimas antioxidativas em ratos induzidos com acetato de Pb.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas/fisiología , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , AcetatosRESUMEN
Com o grande crescimento do mercado de aves ornamentais, associado à indispensabilidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias e tecnologias que permitem potencializar os sistemas produtivos, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar com vitaminas A, E e C sobre a capacidade reprodutiva de mandarim, Taeniopygia guttata, em sistema intensivo de produção. Para tal, foram utilizadas 80 aves da espécie T. guttata, com 3 meses de idade, distribuídas em 16 gaiolas, com 5 aves cada, sendo 2 machos e 3 fêmeas, constituindo 4 repetições dos 4 diferentes tratamentos: T1 = suplementado com 1000 mg de vitamina A/kg de ração; T2= 1000mg de vitamina E/Kg de ração; T3= 750mg de vitamina C/Kg de ração; T4= Grupo controle não suplementado. As aves foram alimentadas em dias alternados com 80gr de dieta à base de amido de milho contendo a suplementação vitamínica, durante todo o período do final do inverno e início da primavera. Para a determinação da resposta reprodutiva das aves, foram avaliados a fertilidade das fêmeas quanto a postura, fecundidade e germinação. A suplementação alimentar de dietas para mandarins com 1000 mg de vitamina A e 1000mg de vitamina E resultaram aumento na produção de ovos, sendo este efeito mais significativo nos carotenoides, justificando o uso desta prática de manejo em criatórios de aves comerciais. Por outro lado, a suplementação alimentar com vitamina C não apresentou efeito promotor. Contudo, 100% dos ovos produzidos durante o experimento eclodiram aves sadias, não sendo observado perdas por más formações ou ovos não fecundados.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Passeriformes/fisiología , Sustancias para el Control de la Reproducción , Vitamina A/efectos adversos , Vitamina E/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Alimentos Fortificados/efectos adversos , Vitaminas en la Dieta/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Com o grande crescimento do mercado de aves ornamentais, associado à indispensabilidade de desenvolvimento de estratégias e tecnologias que permitem potencializar os sistemas produtivos, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação alimentar com vitaminas A, E e C sobre a capacidade reprodutiva de mandarim, Taeniopygia guttata, em sistema intensivo de produção. Para tal, foram utilizadas 80 aves da espécie T. guttata, com 3 meses de idade, distribuídas em 16 gaiolas, com 5 aves cada, sendo 2 machos e 3 fêmeas, constituindo 4 repetições dos 4 diferentes tratamentos: T1 = suplementado com 1000 mg de vitamina A/kg de ração; T2= 1000mg de vitamina E/Kg de ração; T3= 750mg de vitamina C/Kg de ração; T4= Grupo controle não suplementado. As aves foram alimentadas em dias alternados com 80gr de dieta à base de amido de milho contendo a suplementação vitamínica, durante todo o período do final do inverno e início da primavera. Para a determinação da resposta reprodutiva das aves, foram avaliados a fertilidade das fêmeas quanto a postura, fecundidade e germinação. A suplementação alimentar de dietas para mandarins com 1000 mg de vitamina A e 1000mg de vitamina E resultaram aumento na produção de ovos, sendo este efeito mais significativo nos carotenoides, justificando o uso desta prática de manejo em criatórios de aves comerciais. Por outro lado, a suplementação alimentar com vitamina C não apresentou efeito promotor. Contudo, 100% dos ovos produzidos durante o experimento eclodiram aves sadias, não sendo observado perdas por más formações ou ovos não fecundados.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Passeriformes/fisiología , Vitamina A/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Vitamina E/efectos adversos , Sustancias para el Control de la Reproducción , Alimentos Fortificados/efectos adversos , Vitaminas en la Dieta/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
This article discusses the research results on the synergetic effect of chitosan and vitamin C in overcoming free radical effect due to blood lead (Pb2+) accumulation. Blood lead level and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase oxidase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were used as the main parameters. Thirty adult male albino rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 was normal control group; group 2 was the negative control group treated with lead acetate at 175 mg kg-1 body weight (BW). Group 3 was treated with 64 mg kg-1 BW of chitosan day-1. Group 4, 5, and 6 were treated with chitosan and vitamin C combination at the dose of 100, 200, and 300 mg kg-1 BW, respectively. All groups were inducted using 175 mg kg-1 BW of Pb-acetate, excluding control group. Results showed that chitosan and vitamin C treatment at the dose of 300 mg kg-1 BW decreased blood Pb2+ level in rats exposed to Pb-acetate. The combination also significantly increased enzymatic activities from SOD, CAT, and GPx compared to the other groups. In conclusion, the combination of chitosan and vitamin C could elevate the several antioxidative enzymes activities in Pb-acetate induced rats.(AU)
Este artigo discute os resultados da pesquisa sobre o efeito sinérgico da quitosana e da vitamina C na superação do efeito dos radicais livres devido ao acúmulo de chumbo no sangue (Pb2+). O nível de chumbo no sangue e as atividades enzimáticas de superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase oxidase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx) foram utilizados como parâmetros principais. Trinta ratos albinos adultos foram divididos em seis grupos. Grupo 1 foi grupo controle normal; o grupo 2 foi o grupo controle negativo tratado com acetato de chumbo a 175 mg kg-1 de peso corporal (PC). O grupo 3 foi tratado com 64 mg kg-1 PC de quitosana dia-1. Os grupos 4, 5 e 6 foram tratados com combinação de quitosana e vitamina C nas doses de 100, 200 e 300 mg kg-1 PC, respectivamente. Todos os grupos foram induzidos usando 175 mg kg-1 de PC de Pb-acetato, excluindo o grupo controle. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento com quitosana e vitamina C na dose de 300 mg kg-1 PC diminuiu o nível de Pb2+ no sangue em ratos expostos ao acetato de Pb. A combinação também aumentou significativamente as atividades enzimáticas de SOD, CAT e GPx em comparação com os outros grupos. Em conclusão, a combinação de quitosana e vitamina C pode elevar as várias atividades das enzimas antioxidativas em ratos induzidos com acetato de Pb.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Estrés Oxidativo , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Ratas/fisiología , AcetatosRESUMEN
Purpose: To evaluate the preventive effect of ascorbic acid on sevoflurane-induced acute renal failure in an experimental rat model. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into three groups. Subjects were allocated into 3 groups: Group I received sevoflurane only, whereas Groups II and III had moderate (150 mg/kg) and high (300 mg/kg) doses of AA in addition to sevoflurane, respectively. Rhabdomyolysis and myohemoglobinuric ARF was formed by intramuscular administration of glycerol on the upper hind limb on the 15th minute of inhalation anesthesia. Biochemical parameters consisted of serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and protein carbonyl content. Histopathological variables were tubular necrosis, fibrin, and cast formation. Results: NGAL levels were significantly lower in Group III than Group II and Group I. On the other hand, TAC, PCO, urea and creatinine levels were notably higher in Group I compared with Groups II and III. There was a significant difference between 3 groups on frequencies of acute tubular necrosis (p=0.003), fibrin (p 0.001) and cast (p 0.001). Acute tubular necrosis and fibrin formation were more prominent in Group I. Casts were more common in Groups II and III. Conclusions: The ascorbic acid serve as a prophylactic agent against renal damage in patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia and higher doses were associated with more apparent protective effects.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Ácido Ascórbico/toxicidad , Insuficiencia Renal/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Renal/veterinariaRESUMEN
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) is a pro-oxidant carcinogen bioactivated by xenobiotic metabolism (XM). We investigated if antioxidants lycopene [0.45, 0.9, 1.8 µM], resveratrol [11, 43, 172 µM], and vitamin C [5.6 mM] added or not with FeSO4 [0.06 mM], modulate the genotoxicity of 4-NQO [2 mM] with the Drosophila wing spot test standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses, with inducible and high levels of cytochromes P450, respectively. The genotoxicity of 4-NQO was higher when dissolved in an ethanol - acetone mixture. The antioxidants did not protect against 4-NQO in any of both crosses. In the ST cross, resveratrol [11 µM], vitamin C and FeSO4 resulted in genotoxicity; the three antioxidants and FeSO4 increased the damage of 4-NQO. In the HB cross, none of the antioxidants, neither FeSO4, were genotoxic. Only resveratrol [172 µM] + 4-NQO increased the genotoxic activity in both crosses. We concluded that the effects of the antioxidants, FeSO4 and the modulation of 4-NQO were the result of the difference of Cyp450s levels, between the ST and HB crosses. We propose that the basal levels of the XM's enzymes in the ST cross interacted with a putative pro-oxidant activity of the compounds added to the pro-oxidant effects of 4-NQO.
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4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/toxicidad , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Carotenoides/farmacología , Compuestos Ferrosos/farmacología , Estilbenos/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Carotenoides/efectos adversos , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/genética , Sistema Enzimático del Citocromo P-450/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Femenino , Compuestos Ferrosos/efectos adversos , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Licopeno , Masculino , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/efectos adversos , Pruebas de Toxicidad/métodos , Alas de Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Xenobióticos/toxicidadRESUMEN
Objetivou-se determinar o efeito e o melhor nível de inclusão de ácido ascórbico em meio diluidor TRIS-Gema para criopreservação de sêmen caprino. Foram utilizados cinco ejaculados de três bodes da raça Anglo Nubiana. Cada ejaculado foi dividido em quatro alíquotas de 200 μL, compondo quatro tratamentos: um sem adição de ácido ascórbico (controle) e os demais com 0,0528; 0,1056 e 0,1584mg/mL de ácido ascórbico no diluidor TRIS-Gema. Avaliaram-se motilidade espermática progressiva e vigor espermático pós-diluição, pós-resfriamento e pós-descongelamento; integridade de membrana (HOST); integridade acrossomal e teste de termorresistência lento (TTR). Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Regressão a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferença para motilidade progressiva e para vigor espermático, repectivamente, na pós-diluição; pós-resfriamento e pós-descongelamento, assim como para os testes complementares HOST e após 120 minutos do TTR, para motilidade e vigor, no pós-descongelamento (P>0,05). Houve comportamento quadrático com a inclusão do ácido ascórbico para integridade acrossomal (61,58%), com nível ótimo de 0,1006mg/mL de ácido ascórbico (P<0,05). A inclusão de 0,1006mg/mL de ácido ascórbico no diluidor TRIS-Gema melhorou a integridade acrossomal durante o processo de criopreservação, podendo ser uma alternativa na composição dos diluidores seminais caprinos.
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion level of ascorbic acid in TRIS-yolk extenders for cryopreservation of goat semen. We used five ejaculates of three Anglo Nubian goats. Semen from each animal was divided into four 200μL aliquots, composing four treatments: no addition of ascorbic acid (control) and 0.0528, 0.1056, and 0.1584mg/mL of ascorbic acid in TRIS-egg yolk. We evaluated motility and sperm vigor after dilution, post-cooling, and post-thawing; membrane integrity (HOST); acrosomal integrity, and slow thermoresistance test (TRT). Data were subjected to regression analysis at 5% probability. There was no difference for the progressive motility and sperm vigor, respectively, in the post-dilution, after cooling and post-thawing, as well as the additional tests HOST and after 120 minutes of TRT, for motility and force, respectively, in post-thawing (P>0.05). There was a quadratic effect with the addition of ascorbic acid to the acrosome integrity parameter, presenting a great maximum level of 0.1006 mg/mL ascorbic acid for acrosome integrity of 61.58% (P<0.05). The addition of ascorbic acid was effective in maintaining sperm viability, especially acrosome integrity during the cryopreservation process until the level of 0.1006 mg/mL, and it may be an alternative composition of seminal extenders for goats.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Rumiantes , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
Objetivou-se determinar o efeito e o melhor nível de inclusão de ácido ascórbico em meio diluidor TRIS-Gema para criopreservação de sêmen caprino. Foram utilizados cinco ejaculados de três bodes da raça Anglo Nubiana. Cada ejaculado foi dividido em quatro alíquotas de 200 μL, compondo quatro tratamentos: um sem adição de ácido ascórbico (controle) e os demais com 0,0528; 0,1056 e 0,1584mg/mL de ácido ascórbico no diluidor TRIS-Gema. Avaliaram-se motilidade espermática progressiva e vigor espermático pós-diluição, pós-resfriamento e pós-descongelamento; integridade de membrana (HOST); integridade acrossomal e teste de termorresistência lento (TTR). Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Regressão a 5% de probabilidade. Não houve diferença para motilidade progressiva e para vigor espermático, repectivamente, na pós-diluição; pós-resfriamento e pós-descongelamento, assim como para os testes complementares HOST e após 120 minutos do TTR, para motilidade e vigor, no pós-descongelamento (P>0,05). Houve comportamento quadrático com a inclusão do ácido ascórbico para integridade acrossomal (61,58%), com nível ótimo de 0,1006mg/mL de ácido ascórbico (P<0,05). A inclusão de 0,1006mg/mL de ácido ascórbico no diluidor TRIS-Gema melhorou a integridade acrossomal durante o processo de criopreservação, podendo ser uma alternativa na composição dos diluidores seminais caprinos.(AU)
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal inclusion level of ascorbic acid in TRIS-yolk extenders for cryopreservation of goat semen. We used five ejaculates of three Anglo Nubian goats. Semen from each animal was divided into four 200μL aliquots, composing four treatments: no addition of ascorbic acid (control) and 0.0528, 0.1056, and 0.1584mg/mL of ascorbic acid in TRIS-egg yolk. We evaluated motility and sperm vigor after dilution, post-cooling, and post-thawing; membrane integrity (HOST); acrosomal integrity, and slow thermoresistance test (TRT). Data were subjected to regression analysis at 5% probability. There was no difference for the progressive motility and sperm vigor, respectively, in the post-dilution, after cooling and post-thawing, as well as the additional tests HOST and after 120 minutes of TRT, for motility and force, respectively, in post-thawing (P>0.05). There was a quadratic effect with the addition of ascorbic acid to the acrosome integrity parameter, presenting a great maximum level of 0.1006 mg/mL ascorbic acid for acrosome integrity of 61.58% (P<0.05). The addition of ascorbic acid was effective in maintaining sperm viability, especially acrosome integrity during the cryopreservation process until the level of 0.1006 mg/mL, and it may be an alternative composition of seminal extenders for goats.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Rumiantes , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/efectos adversos , Estrés OxidativoRESUMEN
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of in-ovo ascorbic acid (AA) injection on the bone development of broilers submitted to heat stress during incubation and rearing. One thousand (1,000) Cobb(r)fertile broiler eggs were randomly distributed according to the weight into five incubators, with 200 eggs per incubator. The incubation treatments were: eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 37.5°C; eggs not injected with AA and incubated at 39°C; and eggs injected with 6 µg AA/100 µL water prior to incubation and incubated at 39ºC. The hatched birds were reared at three different house temperatures: cold, thermoneutral, or and hot. The high incubation temperature negatively influenced broilers' bone characteristics. The femur of the birds hatched from eggs incubated at 39°C and injected with AA presented lower shaft mineral density, lower maximum force and lower elongation at maximum force. Their tibia presented reduced mineral density at the proximal and distal epiphysis. In-ovo AA injection of eggs incubated at high temperature did not minimize the negative effects of high rearing temperature on the performance andbone development of broiler chickens reared until 42 days of age.