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Introduction: The employment of laparoscopic surgical techniques has reignited the debate on managing Meckel's Diverticulum (MD) due to its low complication rates. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised regarding completely removing any potential heterotopic mucosa. Our study aimed to compare surgical approaches in MD and assess the effectiveness of simple diverticulectomy. Methods: Between 2003 and 2022, 139 patients with MD were retrospectively analysed. The study examined the morphometric measurements of the diverticulum and the location of the heterotopic mucosa in the diverticulum regarding growth and symptoms. Results: Simple diverticulectomy achieved the lowest postoperative complication rate among excision techniques (p = 0.03). MD's length, diameter, and distance to the ileocecal valve increase linearly with growth in the first three years of life (p = 0.00, p = 0.01, p = 0.00) but not in subsequent years (p = 0.81, p = 0.43, p = 0.21). As the length of the MD increases, the heterotopic mucosa (HM) is displaced distally (p = 0.01). Patients in whom HM reaches the base of the diverticulum always present with bleeding (p = 0.02). Discussion: Simple diverticulectomy is a safe technique for Meckel's diverticulum resection. Meckel's diverticulum continues to grow until the age of 3. With this growth, the heterotopic mucosa is displaced distally and moves away from the base of the diverticulum. Bleeding is the main symptom in patients with HM reaching the base of the diverticulum. In patients with bleeding or younger than three years of age, simple diverticulectomy may not be considered safe.Level of Evidence: III.

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The results of a prospective, multi-institutional randomized trial developed to assess the equality of sublobar resection versus standard lobectomy were first published in 1995. They concluded that, compared with lobectomy, sublobar resections did not show any significant improvement either in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality nor in terms of late post-resectional cardiorespiratory function. Moreover, due to the higher mortality and local recurrence rate related to sublobar resection, lobectomy had to be judged as the best surgical option for patients diagnosed with peripheral early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Since then, lobectomy has been considered the best surgical option for fit patients suffering from early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. In 2022 and 2023, three non-inferiority randomized trials were published, comparing lobectomy with the sublobar resection in T1a N0 patients whose tumors were up to 2 cm in size. Although presenting some important differences, all three trials met their primary endpoints, disclosing the non-inferiority of sublobar resections in terms of overall and disease-free survival. This narrative review aims to compare the newly published results of these trials as well as to report results from recent non-randomized studies on this topic.

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BACKGROUND: A primary pulmonary meningioma is an extremely rare entity. Primary pulmonary meningiomas manifested with a ground glass nodule are a very rare occurrence in clinical practice. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we report a case of a primary pulmonary meningioma with atypical computed tomography features. A 59-year-old Han Chinese female came to our hospital for treatment and reported that her physical examination revealed a ground glass nodule in the right lung for over 3 months. The histologic result revealed a primary pulmonary meningioma. The patient underwent a thoracoscopic lung wedge resection of the right upper lobe for a ground glass nodule. After 1 year of follow-up, the patient is still alive without evidence of metastasis or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Primary pulmonary meningiomas could have a variety of radiological findings. As there are no specific radiologic features for the diagnosis of primary pulmonary meningiomas, complete resection of the lesion is required for both diagnosis and treatment. It is necessary to note the imaging features of primary pulmonary meningiomas, presenting as a ground glass nodule; this rare tumor should be considered in differential diagnoses.

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OBJECTIVES: Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with lobectomy considered the standard approach. However, recent evidence suggests that sublobar resection may be an alternative option for select patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and propensity-score matched (PSM) cohort studies comparing lobectomy and sublobar resection in NSCLC patients were included. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes included disease-free survival (DFS), 30-day mortality, and cancer recurrence rates. Individual patient data (IPD) were reconstructed from Kaplan-Meier curves, and one-stage and two-stage meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS: A total of 18 studies involving 6,075 NSCLC patients (3,119 undergoing lobectomy, 2,956 undergoing sublobar resection) were included. Lobectomy was associated with significantly better OS compared to sublobar resection (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.78, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.89, p < 0.001). However, when sublobar resection was further divided into segmentectomy and wedge resection, no significant difference in OS was observed between lobectomy and segmentectomy (HR:0.92, 95 %CI: 0.75-1.14, p = 0.464) whereas lobar resection was associated with better OS compared to wedge resection (HR:0.52, 95 %CI: 0.41-0.67, p < 0.001). DFS outcomes were similar between lobectomy and sublobar resection (HR:0.98, 95 %CI: 0.84-1.14, p = 0.778). CONCLUSION: Lobectomy is associated with better overall survival compared to sublobar resection in NSCLC patients. However, when sublobar resection is subdivided, segmentectomy shows comparable outcomes to lobectomy, while wedge resection is inferior. These findings support the consideration of segmentectomy as the surgical option of choice for Stage IA NSCLC patients.

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Background: Segmentectomy is the current standard treatment for ground glass opacity (GGO)-featured lung cancer patients with a tumor size ≤2 cm and a consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) between 0.25 and 0.5. However, compared with wedge resection, segmentectomy destroys the patient's hilar structure and consumes more lung parenchyma. A recent study demonstrated that wedge resection could yield comparable results for this group of patients. Methods: This study aimed to confirm the noninferiority of wedge resection over standard surgery in invasive GGO-featured lung cancer patients with a size ≤2 cm and a CTR between 0.25 and 0.5, as measured by 5-year overall survival (OS). The primary endpoint is 5-year OS. The secondary endpoints are 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), the R0 resection rate, pulmonary function, recurrence and metastasis sites, and adverse events after surgery. During the trial period, 286 patients are enrolled from six Chinese institutions. Discussion: The primary results of this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations. This prospective study will evaluate the surgical efficacy and safety of wedge resection for small (tumor size ≤2 cm with a CTR between 0.25 and 0.5) invasive GGO-featured lung cancer and will support the standardization of this surgical strategy. Trial Registration: This trial has been registered on ClinicalTrial.gov (No. NCT06102161).

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OBJECTIVES: Subsegmentectomy has been adopted for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for decades. This study aimed to compare the features between subsegmentectomy, segmentectomy and wedge resection for NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NSCLC patients who underwent subsegmentectomy, segmentectomy, or wedge resection between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively screened. Demographic, radiomic, and perioperative characteristics between patients were compared. Further, log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were used for prognostic evaluation. RESULTS: There were 276, 670, and 494 patients undergoing subsegmentectomy, segmentectomy, and wedge resection, respectively. Patients with segmentectomy and subsegmentectomy had larger tumor sizes and greater distances to the pleura than those with wedge resection. Subsegmentectomy and segmentectomy were more likely to achieve adequate surgical margins than wedge resection (82.0 % vs. 79.5 % vs. 64.7 %, P < 0.001), which was especially true for nodules away from the pleura (80.2 % vs. 81.4 % vs. 55.8 %, P < 0.001). In addition, anatomic resection allowed for more lymph node dissection and required less preoperative localization than wedge reception. Subsegmentectomy preserved about two subsegments than segmentectomy (P < 0.001). The incidence of prolonged air leakage after subsegmentectomy (3.3 %) and wedge (1.8 %) was similar (P = 0.308). Notably, 66.8 % of patients who underwent segmentectomy or subsegmentectomy were considered unsuitable for wedge. During the follow-up (55.1 months), no tumor recurrence or death occurred in patients undergoing subsegmentectomy. No significant recurrence-free survival (P = 0.140) or overall survival (P = 0.370) difference existed between these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Subsegmentectomy could achieve more adequate surgical margins than wedge resection and showed superiority for deep nodules. Compared to segmentectomy, subsegmentectomy could preserve more lung parenchyma.

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OBJECTIVE: Sublobar resection is considered a standard surgical procedure for early non-small cell lung cancer, although the survival of patients undergoing sublobar resection for clinical T1cN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to compare survival between segmentectomy and wedge resection for clinical T1cN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who had undergone curative surgery for cT1cN0M0 stage IA3 non-small cell lung cancer. The overall and recurrence-free survival rates of 91 patients who underwent segmentectomy or wedge resection were compared. RESULTS: Thirty-nine (42.9%) and 52 patients (57.1%) were included in the segmentectomy and wedge resection groups, respectively. The median length of follow-up was 6.0 years (95% confidence interval 4.2 - - years) (Kaplan-Meier estimate). The 5 year overall survival rates were not significantly different between the segmentectomy and wedge resection groups (67.7% vs 52.0%, P = 0.132). The 5 year recurrence-free survival rate was worse in the wedge resection group than in the segmentectomy group (66.6% vs 46.9%, P = 0.047). In univariable analysis, spread through air spaces (hazard ratio, 5.889; 95% confidence interval, 2.357-14.715; P < 0.001) was an important prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in the wedge resection group. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival of patients who underwent segmentectomy for clinical T1cN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer was not significantly different from that of patients who underwent wedge resection. However, patients with cT1cN0M0 non-small cell lung cancer who underwent wedge resection tended to have a worse recurrence-free survival prognosis than those who underwent segmentectomy.

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BACKGROUND: This study compared the survival outcomes after thermal ablation versus wedge resection in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤ 2 cm. METHODS: Data from the United States (US) National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with stage I NSCLC and lesions ≤ 2 cm who received thermal ablation or wedge resection were included. Patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Propensity-score matching (PSM) was applied to balance the baseline characteristics between patients who underwent the two procedures. RESULTS: Univariate and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between study variables, overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS). After PSM, 328 patients remained for analysis. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed, compared to wedge resection, thermal ablation was significantly associated with a greater risk of poor OS (adjusted HR [aHR]: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.09-1.63, p = 0.004) but not CSS (aHR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.96-1.71, p = 0.094). In stratified analyses, no significant differences were observed with respect to OS and CSS between the two procedures regardless of histology and grade. In patients with tumor size 1 to 2 cm, compared to wedge resection, thermal ablation was significantly associated with a higher risk of poor OS (aHR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10-1.66, p = 0.004). In contrast, no significant difference was found on OS and CSS between thermal ablation and wedge resection among those with tumor size < 1 cm. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with stage I NSCLC and tumor size < 1 cm, thermal ablation has similar OS and CSS with wedge resection.

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Currently, there is no consensus regarding the extent of surgery for stage I pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors, which encompass typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) tumors. Sublobar resection includes segmental resection and wedge resection; the former is regarded as a type of anatomical resection that is better suited for tumor treatment. Therefore, it needs to be further verified whether differences exist in the effects of the two surgical methods on the survival time of patients. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used. The primary endpoints were cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) time. Survival differences were analyzed via the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. There was no significant difference in survival between the sublobar resection and lobectomy groups after PSM in either the TC or AC tumor groups (all p > 0.05). A total of 1680 patients underwent pulmonary wedge resection (TC: n = 1547, AC: n = 133), and 398 patients underwent segmental resection (TC: n = 365, AC: n = 33). After PSM, there were no statistically significant differences in survival, regardless of whether OS or CSS was considered the primary endpoint (OS: p = 0.337; CSS: p = 0.470). Furthermore, segmental resection did not prolong patient survival time compared with wedge resection in different subgroup analyses on the basis of histology, age, and tumor size (all p > 0.05). Finally, the same results were obtained via multivariate Cox analysis (OS: p = 0.153; HR = 1.21; CSS: p = 0.351, HR = 1.32). Sublobar resection could be considered for patients with early-stage typical or atypical pulmonary carcinoid, provided that a rigorous lymph node evaluation is conducted. If the tumor is distant from the pulmonary hilum, either segmentectomy or wedge resection may be performed depending on the specific location of the tumor and the clinical condition of the patient.

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OBJECTIVE: Analyze the duration of symptom-free intervals following laser wedge excision (LWE) for recurrent idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). Secondary aim includes evaluating the influence of patient-related or disease factors. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary center. METHODS: Review of iSGS patients who underwent LWE between 2002 and 2021. LWE patients without prior airway surgery were labeled LWE primary (LWEP) and those with prior history of dilation were labeled LWE secondary (LWES). A conditional frailty repeated events model was used to analyze the median time to recurrence (MTR) for each nth recurrence. Secondary analysis included stratification by use of medical therapy and initial preoperative characteristics of scar (Myer-Cotton grade, distance between the glottis and superior-most aspect of scar, DGS; length of scar, DL). RESULTS: Two hundred and ten iSGS patients underwent LWE (131 LWEP, 79 LWES). The proportion of patients experiencing at least 1, 3, 6, and 12 recurrences, respectively, was 68.0% (n = 143), 40.7% (n = 85), 20.0% (n = 42), and 5.2% (n = 11). There was exponential time-shortening from the 1st to 12th recurrence (P < .0001). While MTR was 4.1 years after the first LWE, this fell to 2.8, 1.7, 1.0, and 0.7 years for the 2nd, 3rd, 6th, and 12th recurrences. Furthermore, LWEP patients experienced longer MTR than LWES counterparts within the first 6 recurrences (P < .01). There was no significant relationship between intersurgical interval and medication adherence, DL, DGS, or grade for recurrences beyond the first (P = .207, P = .20, P = .43, P = .16). CONCLUSION: Symptom-free intervals in iSGS shorten with each subsequent recurrence and LWE. The difference in MTR between LWEP and LWES groups was significant within the first 6 recurrences with LWEP having longer MTR.

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The present study compared the differences in effectiveness and safety between segmentectomy (ST) and wedge resection (WR) in patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were searched for papers published from inception until July 2023. The inclusion criteria were based on the population, intervention, comparator, outcomes and study designs. ROBINS-I was selected to assess the risk of bias and quality of evidence in the included non-randomised studies. Appropriate effect sizes were selected, and subgroup analyses, heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses and publication bias were applied. A total of 18 retrospective studies were included, involving 19,381 patients with operable NSCLC. The 5-year overall survival rate [hazard ratio (HR), 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.04, 0.34; P=0.014; I2=76.3%], lung cancer-specific survival rate (HR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.21, 0.38; P<0.01; I2=13.8%) and metastasis rate [odds ratio (OR), 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03, 2.38; P=0.037] in patients with operable NSCLC treated with WR were worse than those in patients treated with ST. The incidence of postoperative complications (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23, 0.82) in the WR group was lower than in the ST treatment group. There was no difference in postoperative recurrence (OR, 2.15; 95% CI, 0.97, 4.74; P=0.058) and mortality (risk difference, 0.04; 95% CI, -0.03, 0.11; P=0.287) between groups. Based on current evidence, patients with NSCLC treated with ST surgery have better postoperative survival but more complications than those patients treated with WT, while the effect of WR and ST on the recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate remains controversial.

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BACKGROUND: With further understanding and research into non-small cell lung cancer with tumours ≤2 cm in maximum diameter, segmental lung resection is able to achieve the same long-term prognosis as lobectomy. However, there are few studies on the prognostic effect of wedge resection on small volume invasive lung adenocarcinoma with an invasion depth of 0.5 to 1.0 cm. Therefore, this study focuses on the clinical efficacy and prognosis of wedge resection in patients with small-volume invasive lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 208 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University from February 2016 to December 2017 was made, and the postoperative pathological results confirmed small volume invasive lung adenocarcinoma. According to their surgical methods, they were divided into lobectomy group (n=115), segmentectomy group (n=48) and wedge resection group (n=45). Kaplan-Meier survival curve estimation and Cox proportional risk regression model were used to explore the influence of different surgical methods on the prognosis of patients with small volume invasive lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS: The wedge resection group had better perioperative outcomes compared with the segmentectomy group and lobectomy group, with statistically significant differences in intraoperative bleeding (P=0.036), postoperative drainage (P<0.001), operative time (P=0.018), postoperative time with tubes (P=0.001), and postoperative complication rate (P=0.006). There were no significant differences when comparing the three groups in terms of survival rate (lobectomy group vs segmentectomy group, P=0.303; lobectomy group vs wedge resection group, P=0.742; and segmentectomy group vs wedge resection group, P=0.278) and recurrence-free survival rate (lobectomy group vs segmentectomy group, P=0.495; lobectomy group vs wedge resection group, P=0.362; segmentectomy group vs wedge resection group, P=0.775). Univariate and multivariate survival analyses showed that consolidation tumor ratio (CTR) was the prognostic factor of overall survival and revurrence-free survival for patients with small-volume invasive lung adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Wedge resection in patients with small volume invasive lung adenocarcinoma can achieve long-term outcomes similar to segmentectomy and lobectomy. When the CTR≤0.5, wedge resection is preferred in such patients.

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INTRODUCTION: An important goal in every lung resection is airtight closure of the resected lung surface. This can be achieved with several techniques, including clamp resection, stapler, laser, and various high-frequency methods. By quantitatively measuring the air fistula across the resection surface of porcine lungs, two resection techniques were compared in our study: BipoJet dissecting scissors (Aesculap, Inc., Tuttlingen, Germany) and laser (Ceralas HPD®, Biolitec Inc., Jena, Germany). METHODS: Following a stencil, wedge resections were performed in porcine lungs using water-irrigated bipolar scissors and laser (1350 nm, 40 watts, non-contact mode). The volume of the air fistula was then measured. The irrigation technique involved the attachment of an irrigation channel to a pair of standard surgical scissors. A sodium chloride (NaCl) solution was fed at a defined flow rate, along the blades of the scissors onto the parenchyma. This technique was used on a total of 10 specimens each. RESULTS: Somewhat better pneumostasis was achieved with laser resection, though the difference was small and not statistically significant. The flow rate was 124 mL/min/cm² after laser resection and 145 mL/min/cm² after using the BipoJet scissors. The difference was not statistically significant. Water irrigation during resection with the BipoJet scissors prevents the temperature in the tissue from exceeding 100°C thus avoiding tissue carbonization. These scissors offer the following advantages: ease of use, no need to change instruments, no need for staff training, no protective measures, all-in-one incision/coagulation/dissection, low cost, and a clear surgical field due to the irrigation effect. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of lung parenchyma, e.g., during resection of metastases, is easier with BipoJet scissors and comparable to laser resection. This was established both experimentally and by resecting lung metastases.

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AIMS: To describe the ultrasound diagnostic features and surgical management procedures for patients with an interstitial ectopic pregnancy in our tertiary institution and associated peripheral hospital over a ten-year period. METHODS: A retrospective audit of all surgically managed cases of interstitial pregnancies over a ten-year period at a tertiary hospital and one associated peripheral hospital in New South Wales. RESULTS: Sixteen cases of surgically managed interstitial pregnancy were identified. In 43.8% of these cases, patients had previously undergone an ipsilateral salpingectomy. No cases required hysterectomy, post-operative methotrexate or return to theatre. Ten patients underwent diagnostic ultrasound prior to operative management, seven of which were correctly identified to be an interstitial ectopic pregnancy at the time. The proportion of cornuostomies being performed for interstitial pregnancy compared to wedge resection has increased over the period of this review from 33 to 60% between the two five-year periods. CONCLUSION: The combination of expert ultrasound and sophisticated laparoscopic techniques at our institution has facilitated earlier diagnosis and greater use of minimally invasive management of interstitial pregnancy.

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Bronchopulmonary sequestration presents rarely in adults and less frequently with an aneurysmal aberrant feeding artery. Treatment of bronchopulmonary sequestration generally involves lung resection with vascular ligation; however, aneurysmal disease increases the risk of intra- and postoperative hemorrhage and often necessitates more extensive surgery for vascular control. A 39-year-old female patient with a history of prior abdominal surgery presented with sudden onset epigastric and back pain. Computed tomography demonstrated an aneurysmal aberrant pulmonary artery originating from the abdominal aorta, adjacent to the celiac artery, supplying an intralobar pulmonary sequestration in the inferior right lower lung lobe. She also had evidence of cholelithiasis, with confusing symptom correlation. She was treated with a minimally invasive hybrid approach, which involved endovascular arterial embolization prior to delayed thoracoscopic lung resection. This is a safe and effective approach that reduces the risk of intraoperative bleeding while safely achieving vascular control proximal to the aneurysmal disease.

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OBJECTIVES: The current literature describes a variety of techniques detailed under the name of combined endoscopic-laparoscopic surgery (CELS) procedures. This systematic review of literature assessed the outcomes of colonoscopic-assisted laparoscopic-wedge resection (CAL-WR) in particular to evaluate its feasibility to remove colonic lesions that do not qualify for endoscopic resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched for studies evaluating CAL-WR for the treatment of colonic lesions. Studies with missing full text, language other than English, systematic reviews, and studies with fewer than ten patients were excluded. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS: Out of 68 results, duplicate studies (n = 27) as well as studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria (n = 32) were removed. Nine studies were included, encompassing 326 patients who underwent a CAL-WR of the colon. The technical success rate varied from 93 to 100%, with an R0 resection rate of 91-100%. Morbidity ranged from 6% to 20%. The quality of the included studies was rated as low to moderate and contained heterogeneous terminology, methodology, and outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient high-quality data and substantial variation in outcome measures to draw firm conclusions regarding the value of CAL-WR. Although CAL-WR is a promising local resection technique for endoscopically unremovable neoplasms of the colon, further investigation of this technique in well-designed prospective, multicenter studies with predefined outcome measures is required.Trial registration: A protocol for this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with the number CRD42023407966.

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BACKGROUND: Sublobar resection (wedge resection and segmentectomy) has been established as an oncologically equivalent option to lobectomy for early-stage patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ≤ 2 cm. However, the optimal approach of sublobar resection remains subject to debate. In the present study we aimed to compare the oncological outcomes of wedge resection and segmentectomy in these patients. METHODS: We identified patients with pT1a-bN0M0 NSCLC who underwent wedge resection and segmentectomy from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2020. A Cox regression model and propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis were used. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer-specific survival (LCSS) were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A total of 4190 patients met our selection criteria, including wedge resection in 3137 and segmentectomy in 1053. Patients undergoing wedge resection were less likely to have total lymph nodes resected (4 vs. 7, p < 0.001). Before PSM, patients undergoing segmentectomy had a higher 5-year OS rate (87.75% vs. 82.72%; p = 0.0023), while exhibiting a similar LCSS rate (93.45% vs. 92.73%; p = 0.32). After PSM, segmentectomy consistently demonstrated significantly better OS and there was no statistically significant difference in LCSS. Analysis of causes of death revealed that a higher incidence of deaths related to other causes among patients undergoing wedge resection compared to those undergoing segmentectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Both wedge resection and segmentectomy yield comparable oncological outcomes for patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm, although segmentectomy exhibits superior OS due to less death related to other causes.

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