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PURPOSE: To evaluate the uterine kinetics in each phase of the menstrual cycle when observed in detail using cine-mode magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sagittal and transverse plane images. METHODS: Seven volunteers with a history of multiple natural pregnancies and deliveries were enrolled from January 2017 to May 2017. The kinetic parameters (depth, frequency, and direction) of uterine muscle contractions were evaluated in cine-mode MRI. RESULTS: Strong contractions from the uterine cornua to cervix were detected during menstruation. In the late follicular phase, the frequency of opposing contractions from the cervix and uterine cornua increased. Immediately before ovulation, contractions from the cervix reached the uterine fundus. After ovulation, opposing contractions returned. These contractions gradually decreased in the mid-luteal phase, while fine contractions from the cervix to the middle of the uterine body were frequently observed until 7 days after ovulation. Few contractions were observed in the implantation phase. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the uterine kinetics change in each phase of the menstrual cycle in accordance with the purpose of the uterus in each phase. Further, cine-mode MRI studies of each phase are needed to assess the relationships between uterine kinetics and infertility.

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OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the influence of transient receptor potential channel 3 (TRPC3) on lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) preterm delivery mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mice were randomly assigned to the four groups: an unpregnant group, a mid-pregnancy group (E15), a term delivery group, and an LPS-induced preterm delivery group (intraperitoneal injection LPS at 15 days). Uterine smooth muscles were obtained through caesarean section; TRPC3 expression was measured by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. A specific inhibitor of TRPC3 (SKF96365) was injected into the LPS-induced preterm delivery group to determine whether the delivery interval was prolonged. RESULTS: TRPC3 was primarily expressed in the uterine smooth muscle layer. In addition, the LPS-induced preterm delivery group had an obviously higher expression level of TRPC3 mRNA and protein compared with the unpregnant and E15 groups, which were close to term delivery. More importantly, SKF96365 prolongs the delivery interval of LPS-induced preterm delivery mice. CONCLUSION: Enhanced expression of TRPC3 may be associated with LPS-induced preterm delivery in mice. The specific inhibitor of TRPC3 (SKF96365) may be helpful for clinical treatment of preterm delivery.

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Spontaneous complete chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) without invasive fetal procedure is extremely rare and associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A woman with complete CMS which was detected at the 21 weeks' gestation. She did not take any fetal invasive procedures before the diagnosis. At 27 weeks' gestation, an emergency Caesarean section was performed because of fetal distress. The defect of the uterine muscle was detected on the fundus. The baby has grown well without any morbidity. This is the first reported case of complete CMS relative to uterine scar. And we suggest that the pregnancy can be maintained successfully if there is no fetal abnormality when complete CMS is detected on ultrasound.

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Spontaneous complete chorioamniotic membrane separation (CMS) without invasive fetal procedure is extremely rare and associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. A woman with complete CMS which was detected at the 21 weeks' gestation. She did not take any fetal invasive procedures before the diagnosis. At 27 weeks' gestation, an emergency Caesarean section was performed because of fetal distress. The defect of the uterine muscle was detected on the fundus. The baby has grown well without any morbidity. This is the first reported case of complete CMS relative to uterine scar. And we suggest that the pregnancy can be maintained successfully if there is no fetal abnormality when complete CMS is detected on ultrasound.

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OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed at determining the effective doses of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) involved in amplitude of contraction-force and frequency of uterine rings in pregnancy terms of rats. All experiments involving animal subjects were carried out with the approval of animal care and use Ethical Committee of Cukurova University. Experiments were performed on female Albino-Wistar rats (200-260 g; n = 40). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Uterine rings from pregnant rats were placed in organ bath with Krebs and calcium ion (Ca(2+))-free solutions to record and exposed to serially increasing log10 concentrations of Dex. RESULTS: In Krebs solution, while Dex caused an increase in the spontaneous contraction-forces in all pregnancy terms of rats in a significant dose-dependent manner, it led to a decrease in contraction-frequency in late-pregnancy term of rats. In Ca(2+)-free, the spontaneous contraction-force decreased in late-pregnancy term and increased in early and middle-pregnancy terms. In addition, while Dex increased the contraction-frequency in early and middle-pregnancy terms, it decreased in late-pregnancy term in a dose-dependent manner. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Repeated measures were employed for comparison of several group means through the Tukey post-hoc test (SPSS 10.00 Inc., Chicago, Ill, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that Dex might differently alter the spontaneous contraction-forces and contraction-frequencies of uterine rings in all pregnancy terms of rats in Krebs and Ca(2+)-free solutions.

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BACKGROUND: Propofol is an alternative to thiopental as an intravenous induction agent for cesarean section. It is also used as a sedative for supplementation of regional blockade during cesarean section. It has been reported that propofol relaxes not only vascular smooth muscle but also other smooth muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propofol on rat uterine smooth muscle in an isolated preparation in the rat. METHODS: Uterine smooth muscle tissues were obtained from rats (n = 21). The muscle strips were suspended in tissue baths and isometric tension was recorded. After spontaneous or oxytocin induced activity had been accomplished in the buffer solution as a control, propofol (1 to 20microgram/ml) in fat emulsion was applied cumulatively to the bath and the effects were continuously recorded. RESULTS: In vitro, propofol induced a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous as well as oxytocin induced myometrial contractile activity. Propofol concentration of 1microgram/ml had no significant effects on the resting tension, active tention, and frequency of contraction developed by spontaneous and oxytocin induced uterine contractility. However, Complete muscular relaxations on spontaneous and oxytocin induced contractility were obtained at a concentration of 10microgram/ml and 20microgram/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol inhibits spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine smooth muscle contractions in dose dependent pattern.

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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of treating uterine muscle tumor conservatively with the use of Guizhifulin capsules and mifepristone.Methods 36 outpatients suitable for conservative therapy after gynecological and B ultrasonic checking were studied.Each patient took orally 3 capusles of Guizhifulin each time,three times a day.Meanwhile each one took orally 12.5mg mifepristone once a day,three months as a course of treatment.The size of uterine muscle tumor and the variations of symptom were observed.Results 2 cases were totally recovered,11 cases had obvious effects,22 cases had some effects,the whole effective rate was 97%.Conclusion It is an ideal,safe,convenient,medicament therapy to treat uterine muscle tumor by using Guizhifulin capsules combined with mifepristone,which has apparent curative effects but little side effects or low tate of recurrence.

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Physiological and biochemical studies were conducted to ascertain the nature and mechanism of Reserpine relaxing action on uterine muscle. Various animal and human myometrial specimens were utilized involving in vitro, in vivo and manometric setupsWhile Reserpine and the catechol amines, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine, similarly inhibit uterine contractions, the effects of the Rauwolfia alkaloid cannot be due to release and mediation of the latter autonomic agents. Experimental proofs offered include: (a) Reserpine effects are not prevented nor significantly diminished by adrenergic blocking agents such as Phentolamine and Guanethidine; (b) In pregnant cats, the catechol amines exhibit a stimulant action on the uterus. Reserpine administration elicits the usual inhibitory effect under such conditionReserpine inhibitory effects on the myometrial tissues are elicited directly on the effector contractile mechanisms. Specific pharmacological antagonism of smooth muscle agonists such as Ergonovine, Posterior Pituitary Injection, Oxytocin, Barium, etc. are consistently observed indicating a musculotrophic actionReserpine inhibits significantly and uniformly the oxygen consumption of uterine tissues as borne out by direct Warburg manometry. There appears to be a qualitative correlation between myometrial inhibition and this biochemical phenomenon. (Summary and Conclusions)

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This experiment was performed to investigate morphological and immunohistochemical changes of the connective tissue, the nerve and the smooth muscle cell in the pregnant and postpartum rat myometrium. The materials were the non-pregnant control, the 2-, the 4-, the 10-day gestation and the 1-, the 2-, the 6-day birth of rat myometrium. The light microscopic findings were examed after van Gieson and malachite green stainings. The reaction of nitric oxide synthase activity, apoptosis, type IV collagen, and estrogen receptor were examined immunochemically. The results were as follows: A. Light microscopic findings: 1. In the van Gieson staining for collagen fibers and smooth muscles, it showed the increase of pinky collagen fibers and yellow smooth muscle cells from the 2-day gestation. At the 1-day birth, the yellow hypertrophic smooth muscle cells were in the form of the papilla. The collagen fibers of the 2-day birth were more abundant than that of the 1-day birth. 2. In the malachite green staining for nerve fibers, it showed the blue spots. The size of spots of the 4-day gestation enlarged and at the 10-day gestation the number of fine spots was increased. At the 1-day birth, it showed the decreased number and increased size of spots. B. Immunohistochemical findings : 1. The NOS activity showed the increased positive reaction at the 2-day gestation. At the 10-day gestation, the outer zone of myometrium showed prominent positive. At the 1-day birth, the endothelium of the vessels were weakly positive. 2. The apoptotic reaction was localized at the connective tissue cells between the outer and inner zones of myometrium. The positive reaction cells were a few at the 1-day birth, several at the 2-day birth, and many at the 6-day birth. 3. The type IV collagen reaction appeared at the perivascualr area and the comnnective tissues of the inner zone. The positive reaction showed weak at the control, moderate at the 2-day gestation, and strong at the 4-day gestation. At the 1- and 2-day birth, the connective tissue of inner zone was moderately positive. 4. The estrogen receptor reaction cells appeared at the papillary outer zone of the 10-day gestation. The reaction cells were several at the 1-day birth and a few at the 2-day birth. C. Electron microscopic findings : 1. At the 10-day gestation, one group of smooth muscle cells had well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum and the other group with abundant mitochondria appeared. At the 2-day birth, one group smooth muscle cells had degenerating processes and the other group with the serrated processes showed. At the 6-day birth, smooth muscle cells were degenerated. 2. Mitochondria were abundant in the smooth muscle cell with many processes of the 10-day gestation. The onset of mitochondrial degeneration began at the 2-day birth. The mean section of mitochondria was increased by the 2-day birth and markedly decreased at the 6-day birth. 3. At the 1-day and 2-day birth, the electron-dense region of cell membrane was increased and submembranous caveolae were decreased. The mean section of caveolae was the mostly decreased at the 10-day gestation, nearly restored at the 1-day birth and enlarged at the 6-day birth.

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Objective To study the effect of different extraction parts from Xiongjiang Decoction(XD) on promoting uterine muscle contraction(UMC).Methods UMC in normal mice was measured in vitro by applying serologic pharmacological test.Results Alcohol extracts of XD had an obvious effect on promoting UMC,but the volatile oil and water-extraction alcohol-precipitation extracts had an inhibitory effect.Chloroform part of alcohol extracts had a stronger effect on UMC than other extraction parts.Conclusion The different parts or components extracted from the same decoction have different effects.