RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a group of conditions that cause chronic orofacial pain. The tumor necrosis factor ß (TNF-ß) is a proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in the various aspects of the inflammatory process including organization and maintenance, and in the arrangement of cells at the inflammation site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between TNF-ß +252A/G (rs909253) variant and susceptibility to TMD in a Turkish cohort. METHODS: The study included 104 patients (26 males, 78 females) with TMD and 126 healthy controls (44 males, 82 females). The TNF-ß +252A/G variant analysis was based on Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS: There was no deviation from HWA for TNF-ß +252A/G variant in patient and control groups. There was significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between patient group and control group in terms of TNF-ß +252A/G variant, respectively (P = 0.010, 0.015). A significant increase in the TNF-ß +252 AG genotype and G allele frequencies were observed in TMD patients compared to healthy controls. The individuals with GG genotype and G allele had an increased risk of developing TMD. A statistically significant association was observed when the patients were compared with the controls according to AA genotype vs AG+GG genotypes (P = 0.002, OR: 2.23, 95% CI:1.31-3.82). TNF-ß +252A/G genotype distribution was associated with chewing problems (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results provided evidence that TNF-ß +252A/G variant may contribute to TMD development in a Turkish cohort. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Linfotoxina-alfa/genética , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/genética , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción/genética , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/epidemiología , Turquía/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The complex physiology underpinning the frailty syndrome is responsible for the absence of robust biomarkers that can be used for screening, diagnostic and/or prognostic purposes and has made clinical implementation difficult. Considering socially vulnerable populations, who have poor health status and increased morbidity and mortality, this scenario is even more complex. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies available to investigate frailty biomarkers in socially vulnerable populations. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify potential blood-based biomarkers of frailty in a socially vulnerable population. METHODS: A sample consisting of 347 community-dwelling older people living in a context of high social vulnerability was divided into non-frail (robust), pre-frail and frail groups, according to modified Fried frailty phenotype criteria. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for basic metabolic parameters and for inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: Levels of Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α) were significantly higher in pre-frail subjects, compared to non-frail ones. Tumor Necrosis Factor ß (TNF-ß) levels presented higher values in the frail compared to non-frail individuals. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in pre-frail and frail subjects were significantly higher compared to the levels of non-frail subjects. Using an ordinal regression analysis, we observed that socially vulnerable older people at higher risk of developing frailty were subjects above 80 years old (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.6) and who presented higher levels of TNF-ß (≥0.81 pg/mL, OR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.3-4.9). CONCLUSION: As vulnerable populations continue to age, it is imperative to have a greater understanding of the frailty condition, identifying novel potential blood-based biomarkers. The results presented here could help to implement preventive healthcare strategies by evaluating frailty and at the same time measuring a set of inflammatory biomarkers, paying special attention to TNF-ß plasmatic levels.