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Mesiodens, which emerge towards the nasal cavity, often require consultation in maxillofacial practice. Typically accessed through wide palatal flaps with ostectomy, this method involves limited visibility and poses the risk of damaging the roots and apex of adjacent dental structures. This study advocates a minimally invasive technique that involves vestibulotomy between the central incisors, facilitating direct and rapid access through nasal floor dissection, minimizing comorbidities. A systematic review was performed, following the PRISMA guidelines, apropos on ten clinical cases reported in this study. The MEDLINE/Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched. Several variables were considered and are presented comprehensively in tables and figures. Additionally, 10 case reports with mesiodens in the maxilla were submitted to surgical treatment using a minimally invasive intraoral transnasal disinclusion. The initial literature search resulted in 37 articles, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. Regarding postoperative complications, no bone exposure, incisor root damage, extensive surgical approach, palatal or vestibular hematoma, or palatal necrosis was observed. However, 10% experienced superficial damage to the nasopalatine neurovascular, while 80% and 20% presented mild and moderate postoperative facial edema, respectively. Hypoesthesia in 20% of patients recovered in the first week, 40% in the first month and 40% at 3 months. The minimally invasive intraoral, transnasal, non-endoscopic approach emerges as a safe and predictable alternative to conventional surgical techniques. Presumes minimal postoperative complications, mitigating the risk of excessive bone removal and damage to adjacent structures.

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RESUMEN: El diente supernumerario de ubicación nasal es una patología de baja prevalencia en la población con diferentes formas y sintomatología clínica. Es importante establecer un diagnóstico respecto a sus características clínicas y radiológicas para realizar una planificación de tratamiento quirúrgica adecuada, con nula o escasas complicaciones post intervención. Presentación del caso: En el presente estudio se reporta el caso de un niño de 10 años de edad, sin antecedentes mórbidos, que recurre al servicio por presentar un diente supernumerario en la línea media hallado radiográficamente. El CBCT demuestra un mesiodens en el septum nasal, palatal inclinado e invertido, parcialmente erupcionado cubierto por mucosa nasal, con su corona en sentido a la cavidad nasal en relación a las fosas nasales. El diente fue extraído con anestesia general mediante un abordaje transoral a través de una vestibulotomía. El diente supernumerario nasal es una patología poco prevalente. Es importante conocer sus características clínicas y radiográficas ya que determinarán el tipo de abordaje a realizar. El grado de erupción, la distancia a la espina nasal anterior y su sintomatología asociada son fundamentales para determinar si el abordaje quirúrgico es intraoral o extraoral.

ABSTRACT: The supernumerary tooth of nasal location is a pathology of low prevalence in the population with different forms and clinical symptoms. It is important to establish a diagnosis regarding its clinical and radiological characteristics in order to carry out adequate surgical treatment planning, with few or no post-intervention complications. Case presentation: This study reports the case of a 10-year-old boy, with no morbid history, who presented a supernumerary tooth, found radiographically in the midline. CBCT showed a mesiodens in the nasal septum, tilted and inverted palatal, partially erupted covered by nasal mucosa, with its crown facing the nasal cavity in relation to the nostrils. The tooth was extracted under general anesthesia using a transoral approach through a vestibulotomy. The nasal supernumerary tooth is a rare pathology. It is important to know its clinical and radiographic characteristics since they will determine the type of approach to be used. The degree of eruption, the distance to the anterior nasal spine and its associated symptoms are essential to determine whether the surgical approach is intraoral or extraoral.

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Introducción: Debido a su ubicación anatómica, los craneofaringiomas son tumores complejos en su tratamiento. Una resección completa tiene riesgos elevados de morbimortalidad y si se opta por una resección parcial la tasa de recurrencia es alta. Según su extensión supraselar y su relación con el tallo hipofisario, pueden dividirse en preinfundibulares, transinfundibulares y retroinfundibulares. Objetivo: El objetivo de este video es describir la técnica vía endoscópica para la resección de un craneofaringioma preinfundibular. Materiales y Métodos: Se seleccionó un caso de un paciente con un craneofaringioma preinfundibular operado en el Servicio de Neurocirugía del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, por vía endoscópica transnasal. Resultados: Se realizó una exéresis completa de la masa tumoral, sin evidenciar complicaciones tales como, diabetes insípida o fistula de líquido cefalorraquídeo y con recuperación completa del déficit campimétrico. Conclusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de los craneofaringiomas requiere un conocimiento detallado de la anatomía de base de cráneo así como de las diferentes técnicas quirurgicas. El uso de la endoscopia ha permitido un mejor acceso a éste tipo de lesiones, disminuyendo las comorbilidades en el paciente y la estadía hospitalaria. Un resultado quirúrgico satisfactorio se obtiene con la resección completa y la menor morbilidad posible para el paciente

Introduction: Due to its anatomical location, craniopharyngiomas are difficult tumors to treat. Complete resection has high morbidity and mortality and if a partial resection is chosen, the recurrence is common. According to their suprasellar extension and its relationship with stalk, it can be classified into: preinfundibular, transinfundibular and retroinfundibular. Objetive: The aim of this video is to describe the surgical technique we use for preinfundibular craniopharyngioma. Methods: We review a preinfundibular craniopharyngioma operated on the Neurosurgery Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, through a transnasal endoscopic approach. Results: Total removal was achived, no acute complications were found such as diabetes insipidus or cerebrospinal fluid leak and improved their visual field. Conclusion: Craniopharyngioma surgery requires detailed knowledge of skull base anatomy and approaches. The use of endoscopy has allowed better access to this type of lesions, reducing comorbidities and patient hospital stay. Complete resection with low morbidity are the treatment of this tumors

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BACKGROUND: Transsphenoidal approach became the gold standard in the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in the past years, but the comparative efficacy of microscopic and endoscopic transnasal surgery has not been fully studied. AIMS: To compare the microscopic and endoscopic transnasal approaches for the treatment of pituitary adenomas. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was performed, comparing adult patients with pituitary adenomas who had undergone transnasal microscopic surgery between January 2006 and December 2014 with the patients operated on with endoscopic surgery between March 2011 and December 2014 at Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Imaging, hormonal, and ophthalmological studies as well as complications were analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Due to the existence of dichotomous variables, Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In all, 259 patients who had undergone microsurgery and 140 patients operated on with endoscopy were included. The pathologies compared were microsurgically resected nonfunctioning adenomas: 38.2% (n = 99) versus endoscopically resected: 42.1% (n = 59), and microsurgically resected functioning adenomas: 61.8% (n = 160) versus endoscopically resected: 57.9% (n = 81). A higher number of patients with invasive macroadenomas were reported in the group operated on with endoscopy (35.5% vs. 56.4%). When the patients with invasive pathology of the cavernous sinus were compared, percentages of total resection and hormonal control were higher for endoscopic surgeries (35% vs. 46.8%; 33.3% vs. 64%); however, this difference was not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were found when postoperative complications were individually analyzed. CONCLUSION: The microsurgical and endoscopic approaches are safe and effective techniques to treat pituitary adenomas. For invasive adenomas, the endoscopic approach may report better results.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Choanal atresia is the most common congenital nasal anomaly. Diagnosis is confirmed by endoscopic examination and computed tomography. The definitive treatment is surgical, and different surgical techniques and approaches are used. We describe our experience in transnasal microsurgical treatment of congenital choanal atresia. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 49 patients with congenital choanal atresia operated in the Department of Respiratory Endoscopy over a period of 20 years. The clinical variables analysed were type of atretic plate, age at diagnosis and surgery, associated malformations, maternal history of hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole during pregnancy, mode of airway stabilisation before surgery, surgical technique, complications, and outcome. RESULTS: Mixed bilateral choanal atresia was the most frequent (29 cases). Its incidence was higher in females (61.2%). Almost 51% of patients showed associated malformations, and 7 had a history of maternal hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole during pregnancy. The surgical procedure consisted of a transnasal microscopic approach and placement of a silicone endonasal stent for one to 12 weeks. Thirty-five patients required revision after surgery. Nine patients had complications. Suitable nasal ventilation was achieved in 46 patients (93.9%). One patient died of causes unrelated to the surgery. Two patients with permeable choanae remain with tracheotomy. CONCLUSION: The transnasal microsurgical repair with endonasal stent proved to be a safe and effective procedure.

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A 53 year-old woman presented a recurrent bifrontal headache of 2 years duration and bilateral progressive visual disturbance. The clinical and neurological examination showed a bilateral feet adactyly and bitemporal hemianopsia. The brain MRI demonstrated a Rathke's cleft cyst. The patient was operated by a transnasal endoscopic approach. It seems that this unusual association has never been described before.

Mulher de 53 anos com história recorrente de cefaléia com duração de 2 anos bilateral e progressiva, acompanhada de distúrbios visuais. O exame clinico e neurológico mostrou uma adactilia dos pés e hemianopsia bitemporal. A ressonância nuclear magnética cerebral mostrou um cisto de Rathke. A paciente foi operada por via transnasal endoscópica. Aparentemente esta é a primeira vez que esta associação é descrita na literatura.

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