RESUMEN
It is known that the quantity, makeup, and distribution of bodily fluids have a significant impact on the cognitive health, physiological health, and cell activity of human beings. This narrative could be influenced by the level of knowledge about hydration, dehydration, and the practice of Adequate Water Intake (AWI) of an individual based on the recommended daily Total Water Intake (TWI) by either the World Health Organization (WHO) or the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). In this study, we have developed and validated a scale to adequately measure knowledge of the recommended daily Total Water Intake (TWI) practices among foreign students at Óbuda University, Hungary. Hence, we implemented an 11-item scale to measure the Knowledge of Hydration (KH-11) and evaluate its psychometric properties among students. This study is an online cross-sectional study assessing water intake knowledge with the use of the KH-11 tool among 323 students with ages ranging from 18 to 35 years, who have enrolled for at least two semesters at the University. The statistical analysis performed was reliability (using Cronbach alpha ≥ 70%) and factor analysis. Knowledge levels were categorized as poor (<50%), intermediate (50-70%), or adequate (71-100%). The intraclass correlation, chi-square, and rotated component matrix were also estimated and reported. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Cronbach's alpha analysis revealed that the KH-11 had an overall good reliability with a value of 0.80, where the survey items had an acceptable level of consistency ranging from 0.75 to 0.81 and demonstrated sufficient independence from each other as Pearson's R within factors was positive and ranged from 0.02 to 0.74. In evaluating the participants' knowledge of hydration, the total possible score for the scale is 72, while the mean score for the KH-11 was 55.2 ± 11.61 SD, and the factor analysis model yielded an acceptable fit (χ2 = 3259.4, p = 0.000). We recorded a high-level positive concordance of 0.770 with an average intraclass correlation of 0.80 at a 95% CI, where p-value = 0.000. Our findings show that the majority (66.3%) of the students have a good knowledge of hydration. However, the skewed distribution of the knowledge scores suggests that some may have lower levels of knowledge, which may warrant further study to improve knowledge in those students.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate associations between compliance with recommendations for total water intake (TWI) and total water intake from fluids (TWIF), and some socio-demographic and lifestyle factors of a senior Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis with data of 1902 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus study. A validated 32-item Spanish fluid-intake questionnaire was used to assess beverage consumption and water intake. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for complying with European Food Safety Agency recommendations for TWI and TWIF according to various socio-demographic and lifestyle factors, and for the joint associations of Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS: The mean total volume of fluid intake in the population studied was 1934 ± 617 mL/day. Water was the most frequently consumed beverage. Significant differences between sex were only observed in alcoholic and hot beverage consumption. Compliance with TWIF was associated with being women (OR 3.02; 2.40, 3.80), high adherence to MedDiet (OR 1.07; 1.02, 1.12), and participants who were more engaged in physical activity (PA) (OR 1.07; 1.02, 1.13). Age was inversely associated (OR 0.96; 0.94, 0.98). Similar results for TWI recommendations compliance were observed in relation to being women (OR 5.34; 3.85, 7.42), adherence to MedDiet (OR 1.16; 1.02, 1.31) and PA (OR 1.07; 1.00, 1.15). The joint association of PA and MedDiet, showed that participants with higher adherence to MedDiet and meeting WHO recommendations for MVPA complied better with the TWI recommendations (OR 1.66; 1.19, 2.32). CONCLUSIONS: High compliance with recommendations for TWI was associated with being a woman, and a healthy lifestyle characterized by high adherence to the MedDiet and PA.
Asunto(s)
Bebidas/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Ingestión de Líquidos , Estilo de Vida , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Agua Potable/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Riesgo , Factores Sexuales , Factores Sociológicos , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the amounts and contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to total water intake (TWI), to explore the drinking pattern, and to compare the amount of TWI with the recommendations of China and EFSA among young adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was implemented with 159 young adults aged 18-23 years from Hebei, China. Total drinking fluids and water from food were assessed by 7-day 24-h fluid intake questionnaire and the duplicate portion method, respectively. Differences between groups stratified according to the distribution of TWI were compared using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis H test. General linear models were used to identify the variations in TWI due to total drinking fluids and water from food. RESULTS: In total, 156 subjects (80 males and 76 females) completed the study. Approximately 80.1% of them did not meet the TWI recommended by China, while 50.0% did not meet that recommended by the EFSA. Participants with higher TWI had greater amounts of total drinking fluids, water rom food and water than their counterparts with lower TWI. The regression between total drinking fluids and TWI was R2 = 0.8526 (P < 0.05) and that between water from food and TWI was R2 = 0.4650 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A large proportion of young adults have insufficient TWI. Participants with lower TWI would not compensate with water from food. The variances in TWI among participants were mainly due to differences in total drinking fluids. There is an urgent need to improve the fluids intake behaviors of young adults.