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OBJECTIVES: This systematic review investigated the prevalence of tooth wear between patients with and without Down syndrome. METHODS: Six databases (Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuest) were searched until March 7, 2022. Observational studies were included to assess the differences in tooth wear prevalence and/or severity in Down syndrome and non-syndromic controls. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations were followed. Three reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, assessed the methodological quality (Joanna Briggs Institute) and graded the certainty of evidence through the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results were summarized through meta-analyses using a random-effects model. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021266997). RESULTS: Of the 1382 records identified, six cross-sectional studies were included. Individuals with Down syndrome had a higher prevalence and were more likely to have tooth wear than individuals without Down syndrome (44% × 15%; OR = 4.43; 95% CI 3.17-6.18; p < 0.00001; I2 = 8%). Also, the severity of tooth wear was higher in the Down syndrome group (n = 275) compared with the controls (n = 294). The certainty of evidence analysis was very low. CONCLUSIONS: Based on very low certainty of the evidence, patients with Down syndrome had a higher prevalence and likelihood and severity of tooth wear when compared to those without Down syndrome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Screening early tooth wear lesions should be carefully done in the Down syndrome population since its occurrence is remarkable compared to the general population.

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Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth wear due to dental attrition among 12-year-old adolescents according to their gender, reports of tooth grinding during sleep/while awake (bruxism), and sleep features related to sleep-disordered breathing. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 172 adolescents from southeast Brazil. Parents/caregivers answered questions about sociodemographic characteristics; reports of adolescents' tooth grinding during sleep, and sleep features (e.g. sleep duration and position, snoring, drooling on the pillow) in the previous two weeks. Adolescents self-reported the occurrence of tooth clenching/grinding while awake in the previous two weeks. Tooth wear due to dental attrition was assessed by a previously calibrated researcher, using a validated 5-point analogical ordinal occlusal/incisal tooth wear grading scale, with scores ranging from 0 (no wear) to 4 (loss of crown height ≥ 2/3), depending on tooth wear severity. Descriptive statistics and the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05) were performed to identify differences in tooth wear due to the distribution of dental attrition, according to adolescents' characteristics. Results: Most adolescents were female (58.0%) and 81.6% of the participants presented tooth wear due to dental attrition within the enamel. Adolescents who snored had a higher number of incisors with tooth wear due to dental attrition (p = 0.035). Females showed a higher number of canines with tooth wear due to dental attrition (p = 0.020). Adolescents whose parents reported tooth grinding during sleep presented a higher number of bicuspids with tooth wear due to dental attrition (p = 0.001). Conclusion:Tooth wear due to dental attrition within the enamel was observed in most adolescents. The distribution, depending on specific groups of teeth, was higher among female adolescents, adolescents' whose parents reported tooth grinding, and adolescents who snored during sleep.

Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência e distribuição de DDA entre adolescentes de 12 anos de acordo com o sexo, relato de ranger de dentes durante o sono e vigília (bruxismo) e características relacionadas a desordens respiratórias do sono.Método: Desenvolveu-se um estudo transversal com 172 adolescentes do sudeste do Brasil. Seus pais/responsáveis responderam um questionário contendo informações sociodemográficas, relato sobre os filhos rangerem os dentes durante o sono e hábitos do sono dos filhos (duração do sono, posição que dorme, roncar, babar no travesseiro) nas duas últimas semanas. Adolescentes relataram ocorrência de ranger/apertar de dentes durante a vigília nas duas últimas semanas. DDA foi avaliado por um pesquisador previamente calibrado através de uma escala analógica ordinal de cinco pontos de desgaste dentário para faces oclusal/incisal previamente validada, com escores variando de 0 (sem desgaste) a 4 (perda da coroa em altura ≥ 2/3), dependendo da gravidade do desgaste. Análises descritivas e teste de Mann-Whitney (p < 0,05) foram realizados para identificar as diferenças na distribuição de DDA de acordo com as características dos adolescentes.Resultados: A maioria dos adolescentes eram meninas (58,0%) e 81,6% dos participantes apresentaram DDA em esmalte em algum elemento dentário. Adolescentes que rocavam apresentavam mais incisivos com DDA (p = 0.035). Meninas apresentaram maior número de caninos com DDA (p = 0.020). Adolescentes que rangiam os dentes durante a noite apresentaram maior número de pré-molares com DDA (p = 0.001).Conclusão: Desgaste dentário por atrição em esmalte foi observado na maioria dos adolescentes. A distribuição, dependendo de grupos de dentes específicos, foi maior entre meninas, adolescentes que roncavam durante o sono e que rangiam os dentes durante o sono.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the severity of possible sleep bruxism (PSB) and possible awake bruxism (PAB) and attrition tooth wear facets (ATWF) in children/adolescents. METHODS: Four hundred-thirty-four children/adolescents enrolled in schools in Lavras, Brazil, participated in this cross-sectional study. Caregivers answered a questionnaire about their childrens' PSB. Children/adolescents answered a questionnaire about the occurrence of PAB. RESULTS: ATWF among individuals without PSB and PAB was lower than those with moderate/severe PSB (p = 0.038) and moderate/severe PAB (p = 0.003). ATWF in anterior teeth was lower among individuals without PSB compared to those with mild (p = 0.015) and moderate/severe PSB (p = 0.032). ATWF in posterior teeth was lower among individuals without PAB compared to those with mild (p = 0.046) and moderate/severe PAB (p = 0.017). CONCLUSION: The number of attrition tooth wear facets is proportional to the severity of PSB and PAB.

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O termo Lesões Cervicais Não Cariosas (LCNCs) refere-se à perda de tecido dentário duro na Junção Cemento-Esmalte (JCE), cuja etiologia não está relacionada com o envolvimento bacteriano. A origem e a progressão desses defeitos cervicais são consideradas multifatoriais, sendo atribuídas a três fatores principais, sendo eles: abfração, biocorrosão e abrasão. Tais fatores podem estar combinados e associados a eventos de força excessiva aplicada durante a escovação, juntamente com a abrasividade de dentifrícios, hábitos alimentares e/ou parafuncionais. Essas lesões podem ter morfologias diferentes de acordo com seu fator etiológico principal, podendo se apresentar em forma de cunha, oval ou arredondada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura a fim de apresentar os desafios do Cirurgião-Dentista na descoberta dos diferentes fatores etiológicos das LCNCs. O desafio em questão se dá pelo estudo da combinação desses diversos fatores, bem como a realização de um diagnóstico preciso, fazendo-se necessário o conhecimento adequado da etiologia a fim de prevenir futuras novas lesões, estagnar as existentes e assim, capacitar o Cirurgião-Dentista a realizar um tratamento eficaz e longínquo das LCNCs. No entanto, ainda existem muitas controvérsias na literatura, tornando necessária a elaboração de mais estudos para elucidar a etiologia das LCNCs

The term noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) refers to the loss of hard tooth tissue at the Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ), whose etiology is not related to bacterial involvement. The origin and progression of these cervical defects are considered multifactorial, being attributed to three main factors: abfraction, biocorrosion and abrasion. Such factors may be combined and associated with excessive force events applied during brushing, along with the abrasiveness of dentifrices, eating and/or parafunctional habits. These lesions may have different morphologies according to their main etiological factor, and may be wedge-shaped, oval or rounded. Our aim in this paper was to perform a literature review in order to present the challenges of the dental surgeon in identifying the different etiological factors of NCCL. Such challenge regards the study of the combination of these factors, as well as the achievement of an accurate diagnosis, requiring adequate knowledge of the etiology in order to prevent future lesions, stagnate existing ones, thus enabling the Dental Surgeon to treat NCCL effectively in the long term. However, there are still many controversies in the literature, making it necessary to develop more studies to elucidate the etiology of NCCL

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Abstract: The objective of the study was to analyze the surface area (SA) of the wear caused by simulated chewing on human enamel and opposing restorative material, namely: composite resin (CR), porcelain fused to metal (PFM), lithium disilicate (LD), or monolithic zirconia (MZr). Forty-eight premolars were selected as enamel specimens and divided randomly into 4 groups (n = 48; n =12) used as antagonists in chewing simulation (250,000 loading cycles) against one of the four selected test materials. Enamel and material specimens were scanned and evaluated under digital microscope, and wear SA (mm2) were recorded. Descriptive statistics, paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Tukey-HSD tests were used for statistics (p < 0.05). The smallest and largest SA were exhibited by enamel against LD (0.80 mm2) and PFM (1.74 mm2), respectively. PFM (3.48 mm2) showed the largest SA and CR (2.28 mm2) showed the smallest SA. Paired t-test for SA values showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in all wear comparisons between materials and enamel antagonists. The wear of materials were greater than that of their respective enamel antagonists (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA of the logarithmic means of wear SA revealed significant differences (P<0.05). Post-hoc Tukey test revealed significance for PFM (p < 0.05) with other materials. Wear of all test materials was greater compared to the wear of enamel antagonists. PFM and LD caused the largest and the smallest enamel wear, respectively. CR, LD, and MZr are more resistant than PFM to wear after simulated chewing against enamel.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da canaleta metálica e do tipo de bráquete estético, se convencional ou autoligado, na intensidade da força de atrito. Foram utilizados três tipos de bráquetes ortodônticos estéticos: convencional sem canaleta metálica (Morelli®), convencional com canaleta metálica (Tecnident®) e autoligados sem canaleta metálica (Eurodonto®). Os bráquetes foram associados a fios de duas dimensões, 0.017'' x 0.025'' e 0.019''x 0.025'' (Morelli®), retangulares, originando seis diferentes grupos de acordo com o tipo de bráquete/fio (n=10). De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que o maior atrito foi gerado pelo bráquete autoligado sem canaleta metálica, seguido pelo convencional com canaleta metálica (p 0,05). Concluiu-se que os bráquetes estéticos convencionais sem canaleta metálica apresentaram a menor força de atrito. (AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the metal channel and the type of aesthetic bracket, whether conventional or self-ligating, the magnitude of the frictional force. Three types of aesthetic orthodontic brackets were used: conventional without metal channel (Morelli®), conventional with metal channel (Tecnident®), and self-ligating without metal channel (Eurodonto®). The brackets were associated with two dimensions yarn, 0.017'' x 0.025'' and 0,019" x 0.025 (Morelli®), rectangular, producing six different groups according to the type of bracket/wire (n=10). According to the results, it was observed that the greater friction generated by self-ligating was bracket without metallic channel, followed by conventional channel with metallic (p 0.05). It was concluded that conventional aesthetic brackets without metal channel had the lowest friction force. (AU)

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Antecedentes: los nukaks makús son un grupo nómada que habita la zona del Guaviare (selva amazónica colombiana), cuya subsistencia se basa en la caza y la recolección, actividades que, como en otras tribus indígenas, pueden relacionarse con el desgaste dental. Hoy en día, esta población indígena está siendo afectada por enfermedades, violencia y el olvido de los gobiernos local y nacional. Objetivo: identificar la presencia de desgaste dental y determinar su localización y distribución de acuerdo con el sexo y la edad en la tribu. Métodos: la población blanco correspondió a 47 personas del asentamiento Barrancón en San José del Guaviare, 25 hombres y 22 mujeres, de los cuales 20 eran adultos y 27 niños. La muestra estuvo conformada por 17 sujetos. Por medio de exploración clínica y modelos de estudio, se clasificó el desgaste dental según la escala de Guerasimov-Zoubov. Resultados: se encontró desgaste dental generalizado, mayor en incisivos que en molares y en mayor grado de severidad en el grupo de edad más avanzada (35 a 45 años) y en la población femenina, donde predominó el desgaste grado 4. Conclusión: la muestra analizada mostró que todos los individuos presentaron desgaste dental probablemente asociado con sus costumbres y medios de subsistencia.

Background: The Nukak Maku is a nomadic group whose subsistence is based mainly on hunting and harvesting, activities that like in others indigenous tribes are related to tooth wear. They live in the area between the Guaviare and Inírida rivers, in the department of Guaviare (Colombian Amazon). Presently, they are severely affected by a combination of illness, violence and neglect by local and national governments. Purpose: Identify the presence of tooth ear, its severity and distribution regarding gender and age. Methods: The target population was 47 peasants living in the Barrancón indigenous shelter nearby the city of San José del Guaviare (25 males and 22 females, 20 adults and 27 children). The sample consisted of 17 of them. Clinical examination was performed and model casts were analyzed in order to determine tooth wear through the Guerasimov-Zoubov scale. Results: Generalized tooth wear was found, which was more severe among incisors than molars. The degree of severity was greater in the older group (35 to 45 years of age) and in the female population, where the grade 4 was more frequent. Conclusions: We believe that all the subjects show tooth wear likely related to their habits and living style.

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A má oclusão Classe II de Angle é caracterizada por uma discrepância dentária ântero-posterior, que pode ou não estar associada a alterações esqueléticas. Além do comprometimento estético, o fato de vir associada a um overjet acentuado faz com que o paciente fique mais exposto a traumas dentários. Este caso foi apresentado à Diretoria do Board Brasileiro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial (BBO), representando a categoria 4, ou seja, uma má oclusão com discrepância ântero-posterior acentuada, Classe II com ANB maior ou igual a 5º, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do título de Diplomado pelo BBO. Possui uma característica incomum, que é a ausência congênita de um incisivo inferior.

Angle Class II malocclusion is characterized by an anteroposterior dental discrepancy which may or may not be accompanied by skeletal changes. In general, distressed by a significantly compromised facial aspect, patients tend to seek treatment. This case report was submitted to the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the board certification process, as representative of Category 4, i.e., a Class II malocclusion with severe anteroposterior discrepancy and ANB Angle equal to or bigger than 5º (ANB > 5º). The case involves an unusual event - the congenital absence of one lower incisor tooth.

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Se presenta una nueva técnica de acceso cameral y de localización de los conductos que utiliza un punto de referencia fijo para todos los molares desde el cual se retira el techo de la cámara pulpar mientras se localizan los conductos. Así se garantiza, con mayor rapidez, la exploración del 100 % del conducto mesiovestibular, incluso en molares difíciles y por personal poco adiestrado.

A cavity access and canal location technique is presented in this paper. It uses a fixed bench mark for all the molars from which the tegmen of the pulpar cavity is removed while canals are located. In this way, we guarantee a faster 100 % scanning of mesiovestibular canals, even in difficult molars, by a personnel with low level of training.