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INTRODUCTION: Different parameters of suicide attempts treated since the implementation of the Attention to Suicide Risk Program (ARSUIC) in 2012 at the Hospital Ramón y Cajal in Madrid Region are described in this paper. METHOD: The sample was composed of 107 patients and the information was collected through a questionnaire created ad hoc with the following variables: type of suicidal ideation; drug use immediately prior to the attempt; method (in case of drug overdosing: drug/s used); location; accessibility to rescue; planning; intentionality; criticism; and brakes. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics were obtained and a comparison by gender was made through the χ2 and contingency coefficients tests. The data from the retrospective longitudinal study showed that the most common profile was of patients with unstructured ideas of death and no previous drug use who took an unplanned drug overdose in the family home, with the intention of self-harm or avoidance of discomfort, especially with benzodiazepines. Patients tend to ask for help afterwards and criticise the attempt, but potential restraints are often not recorded in the clinical report. Regarding the dissimilarities based on gender, statistically significant differences were found in prior alcohol consumption, in favour of men and in the overdose method, specifically with benzodiazepines, in favour of women. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing the types of attempts at self-harm is essential for improving prevention, understanding and patient management.

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Aborda a tipologia documental em sistemas de informação digitais, compreendendo-a como metadado essencial na estrutura de transferência da informação entre serviços, sistemas e redes de atenção e inovação à saúde. Por meio de pesquisa de campo com gestores de dois hospitais federais do Rio de Janeiro, realiza prospecção e análise da gestão de sistemas de informação digitais em saúde. Os resultados revelaram que o emprego do conceito de Regime de Informação e de seus componentes analíticos permite-nos obter uma visão dos recursos informacionais, tecnológicos, humanos e normativos do sistema nacional de saúde, que integram o Sistema Único de Saúde. Destaca a tipologia documental como um dos elementos constituintes dos sistemas de informação nos serviços dos hospitais, cujas interconexões e articulações expressam os aspectos seletivos e decisórios das práticas e ações de informação

It addresses the document typology in digital information systems, understanding it as essential metadata in the structure of information transfer between attention and innovation health services, systems and networks. Through field research with managers of two federal hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, it prospects and analyzes the management of digital health information systems. The results revealed that the use of the concept of Information System and of its analytical components allows us to obtain a vision of the informational, technological, human and normative resources of the national health system, which are part of the Unified Health System. It highlights the documentary typology as one of the constituent elements of information systems in hospital services, whose interconnections and articulations express the selective and decision-making aspects of information practices and actions

Aborda como objeto la tipología documental en los sistemas de información digital, entendiéndola como un metadato esencial en la estructura de transferencia de información entre servicios, sistemas y redes de atención e innovación en salud. A través de una investigación de campo con gerentes de dos hospitales federales de Río de Janeiro, prospecta y analiza la gestión de los sistemas digitales de información en salud. Los resultados revelaran que la utilización del concepto de Régimen de Información y de sus componen-tes analíticos permítenos obtener una visión de los recursos informacionales, tecnológicos, humanos y normativos del sistema nacional de salud, que integram el Sistema Único de Salud. Destaca la tipología documental como uno de los elementos constitutivos de los sistemas de información cuyas interconexiones y articulaciones expresan los aspectos selectivos y decisorios de las prácticas y acciones informativas reali-zadas en este dominio

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Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) and intimate partner homicide against women (IPHAW) are multidimensional phenomena. The aim of this study was to identify typologies of Spanish IPHAW and IPVAW victims, based on the differences between their characteristics and the determinants of aggression. The sample consisted of 381 cases from the Spanish Integral Monitoring System in Cases of Gender Violence. The instrument used was a semi-structured interview. Results showed differences between IPHAW and IPVAW victims, and latent class analysis suggested a three-profile solution: 1-fatal victims, with low neuroticism, low isolation, and feelings of loneliness, less reconciliation with the aggressor, lower perception of risk and low suicidal ideation; 2-non-fatal victims, with the loss of a loved one and the role of caregiver as stressors, low psychoticism and alcohol abuse, high feelings of loneliness, risk perception, and suicidal ideation; 3-mixed profile, with high neuroticism and psychoticism, alcohol abuse, isolation, and greater reconciliations with the aggressor, and absence of bereavement and caregiver role as stressors. Knowing the differences between IPHAW and IPVAW victims allows the design of more specific instruments for risk assessment and the design of more individualized prevention and treatment programs. This also facilitates police work in identifying victims and deploying more intense protection measures. (AU)

La violencia de pareja contra la mujer (violencia de género, VdG) y el homicidio de pareja contra la mujer (feminicidio) son fenómenos multidimensionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las tipologías de las víctimas españolas de feminicidio y VdG, basado en las diferencias entre sus características y los determinantes de la agresión. La muestra constaba de 381 casos del Sistema Español de Seguimiento Integral de Casos de Violencia de Género. El instrumento utilizado fue una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre las víctimas de VdG y las víctimas de feminicidios y el análisis de clases latentes sugirió tres perfiles: 1-víctimas mortales, con bajo neuroticismo, bajo aislamiento y sentimientos de soledad, menor reconciliación con el agresor, menor percepción de riesgo y baja ideación suicida; 2-víctimas no mortales, con la pérdida de un ser querido y el rol de cuidador como estresores, bajo psicoticismo y abuso de alcohol, sentimientos de soledad elevados, percepción de riesgo e ideación suicida; 3-perfil mixto, con neuroticismo y psicoticismo elevados, abuso de alcohol, aislamiento y una mayor reconciliación con el agresor y ausencia de duelo y del rol de cuidador como estresores. Conocer las diferencias entre víctimas de feminicidio y de VdG permite el diseño de instrumentos más específicos para la evaluación del riesgo y el diseño de programas de prevención y tratamiento más individualizados. También facilita la labor policial en la identificación de las víctimas y el despliegue de medidas de protección más intensas. (AU)

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Is there a connection between the exchange of vows and the fighting and suffering of couples that are unique to the institution of marriage? This essay introduces the concept of Shadow Vows, the unacknowledged assumptions, agreements, and obligations each partner brings to the relationship, which the authors believe are often responsible for longstanding marital discord and strife. The authors ground the existence of shadow vows in Jung's quaternity, alchemy, typology, archetypal theory, and depth approaches to couple therapy. The essay concludes with a list of themes indicative of shadow vow enactments in clinical work with couples.

Y a-t-il un lien entre l'échange des vœux et les conflits et souffrances des couples, un lien qui serait spécifique à l'institution du mariage ? Cet article introduit le concept de « vœux de l'ombre ¼ - les présomptions non-reconnues, les compromis, les obligations que chaque partenaire amène dans la relation. Les auteurs pensent que de tels vœux sont souvent responsables de discorde et querelles durables dans un couple marié. Les auteurs fondent l'existence de ces vœux de l'ombre dans la quaternité Jungienne, l'alchimie, la typologie, la théorie des archétypes et la thérapie de couple selon la psychologie des profondeurs. L'article se termine par une liste de thèmes révélateurs des mises en acte de ces vœux de l'ombre dans le travail clinique avec des couples.

Existe una conexión entre el intercambio de votos y el conflicto y sufrimiento de las parejas, que es única a la institución del matrimonio? El presente ensayo introduce el concepto de 'sombra de los votos' - las asunciones, acuerdos y obligaciones no reconocidas que cada integrante de la pareja trae a la relación, las cuales los autores creen que a menudo son responsables de largos conflictos y desavenencias en el matrimonio. Los autores basan la existencia de la sombra de los votos en la noción de cuaternidad de Jung, alquimia, tipología, teoría arquetipal, y los abordajes en psicología profunda a la terapia de pareja. El ensayo concluye con una lista de temas indicativos de actuaciones del lado sombrío de los votos en el trabajo clínico con parejas.

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El trabajo busca modelar el efecto de diferentes patrones de composición de hogares sobre los niveles observados de fecundidad en los municipios de México al año 2020, se trata de una investigación de tipo cuantitativo de cohorte transversal basada en la aplicación de métodos bayesianos espaciales. La hipótesis sostiene que la presencia de un mayor porcentaje de hogares familiares debería impactar en mayores tasas de fecundidad municipales. La metodología comprende la implementación de dos modelos gaussianos latentes. Un modelo nulo busca determinar si los patrones observados de fecundidad se asocian a algún mecanismo sociodemográfico o, al contrario, surgieron aleatoriamente, y otro modelo con covariables, cuyo objetivo es replicar el comportamiento de la fecundidad evaluando las consecuencias de la proporción de hogares nucleares, ampliados y compuestos presentes en los municipios. Los resultados obtenidos a partir de la estimación del modelo nulo confirmaron la existencia de una relación directa entre el aumento del índice de hogares nucleares y ampliados y el de la fecundidad municipal. Sin embargo, se puede concluir que el nivel alcanzado de fecundidad de reemplazo es producto de marcadas diferencias entre municipios, originadas por la presencia de una tipología heterogénea de hogares inmersos en contextos geográficos, sociales y culturales dispares.

This paper seeks to model the effect that different patterns of household composition have on the observed levels of fertility in the municipalities of Mexico in the year 2020; it is a quantitative cross-sectional cohort research based on the application of spatial Bayesian methods. The hypothesis is that the presence of a higher percentage of family households should have an impact on higher municipal fertility rates. The methodology involves the implementation of two latent Gaussian models. One null model, which seeks to determine whether the observed fertility patterns were generated by some socio-demographic mechanism or, on the contrary, arose randomly, and two, a model with covariates whose objective is to replicate the behavior of fertility by evaluating the effect of the proportion of nuclear, extended and compound households present in municipalities. The results obtained from estimation of null model confirm the existence of a direct relationship between increase in the proportion of nuclear and extended households and the increase of municipal fertility. However, it can be concluded that the level of replacement fertility reached by Mexico in the year 2020 is the product of marked differences between municipalities; differences originated by the presence of a heterogeneous typology of households immersed in disparate geographic, social and cultural contexts.

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This clinical presentation shows what insights a typology-conscious analysis of clients and their families may lead to and points out what is added by applying John Beebe's eight-function, eight-archetype model. To reflect on the inner balance between archetypal complexes in the eight-function structure that holds our psyche, the author invites clients to do a typological analysis, including an analysis of their archetypal patterns, which may, itself, provoke anxiety. This article includes a presentation of ideas and experiences sparked when confronting these complexes in clinical work. Clients are introduced to six stages of coping with stress that may allow them to be more conscious of their complexes when triggered. These stages are Faint, Freeze, Flight, Fidget, Fight, and Flow. To identify whether the stress is physiological, emotional, or intellectual, the idea of the Triune Brain is introduced. The therapeutic work may lead to redemption from opposites, which is an ethical task.

Cette présentation clinique montre comment une analyse consciente de la typologie peut aider les clients et leurs familles, ainsi que l'apport supplémentaire avec l'utilisation du modèle « huit fonction huit archétype ¼ de John Beebe. Pour réfléchir à l'équilibre intérieur entre les complexes archétypaux dans la structure « huit-fonction ¼ qui soutient notre psyché, l'auteur invite ses clients à faire une analyse typologique, incluant une analyse des schémas archétypaux, ce qui en soi peut provoquer de l'anxiété. Cet article comprend une présentation d'idées et d'expériences suscitées par la confrontation avec ces complexes dans le travail clinique. Les six étapes pour gérer le stress sont exposées aux clients pour les aider à devenir plus conscients de leurs complexes quand ceux-ci sont activés. Ces étapes sont: s'évanouir, se geler, fuir, s'agiter, se battre, se laisser aller dans le sens du courant. Afin d'identifier si le stress est physiologique, émotionnel, ou intellectuel, l'auteur introduit la notion de cerveau triunique. Le travail thérapeutique peut conduire à la rédemption des opposés, ce qui est une tâche éthique.

Esta presentación clínica muestra a qué comprensiones puede conducir un análisis, de clientes y sus familias, basado en el uso consciente de la tipología; y señala aquello que aporta al aplicar el modelo de John Beebe de las ocho funciones, y ocho arquetipos. Para reflexionar acerca del balance interno entre complejos arquetipales en la estructura de las ocho funciones que sostiene nuestra psique, la autora invita a los clientes a hacer un análisis tipológico, incluyendo un análisis de los patrones arquetipales, el cual, puede en sí mismo, provocar ansiedad. El artículo incluye una presentación de las ideas y experiencias suscitadas a partir de la confrontación con estos complejos en el trabajo clínico. Los clientes son introducidos a seis etapas de trabajo para superar el stress que les posibilita devenir más conscientes de sus complejos cuando éstos son activados. Estas etapas son Desmayo, Congelamiento, Huida, Inquietud, Lucha y Fluir. Se introduce la idea del cerebro Triuno con el objetivo de identificar si el estrés es fisiológico, emocional o intelectual. El trabajo terapéutico puede conducir a la redención de la polarización, lo cual es una tarea ética.

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It is time to reclaim C.G. Jung's vision of psychology as the foundational science upon which all sciences and institutions would be based, and as the discipline, theory, and practice necessary for fostering humanity's overall psychocultural development. Jung identified eight distinct 'types' of consciousness through which humankind engages its emerging psychological attitude. Jung's view of psychological development as hingeing on the differentiation of function-attitudes provides the means for understanding not only ourselves and each other, but our society as well. This paper offers an example of such an analysis by focusing on the current conflict within American political culture. The goal is as lofty as it is necessary: the operationalization of Jung's vision of psychology as the powerful influencer of human cultural evolution that it has the potential to be. The immediate goal is to instigate the first step toward this vision of Jung's 'complex psychology' by stimulating conversations among Jungians about how they can foster that vision, leading them towards taking up roles as 'citizen therapists', actively involved in their communities in cultivating greater empathy and the withdrawal of projections in the interest of furthering 'collective consciousness'.

Le moment est venu d'assumer la vision de C.G. Jung de la psychologie en tant que science de base sur laquelle toutes les sciences et institutions seraient fondées, et en tant que la discipline, théorie et pratique nécessaires pour encourager le développement psychoculturel de l'humanité. Jung a identifié huit 'types' distincts de conscience à travers lesquels l'humanité éveille son attitude psychologique émergeante. Jung envisageait le développement psychologique comme articulé avec la différentiation de fonction-attitudes. Ceci fournit les moyens de comprendre non seulement soi-même et les autres mais encore notre société. Cet article offre l'exemple d'une telle analyse en se concentrant sur un conflit actuel au sein de la culture politique américaine. Le but est aussi ambitieux qu'il est nécessaire: rendre opérationnelle et donner tout son potentiel à la vision de Jung sur la psychologie comme influence puissante de l'évolution culturelle humaine. Le but immédiat est d'inciter au premier pas vers la vision de Jung d'une 'psychologie des complexes' en stimulant des conversations parmi les Jungiens sur comment ils peuvent encourager cette vision, les invitant à s'impliquer en tant que 'thérapeutes citoyens', actifs dans leurs communautés, cultivant une plus grande empathie et le retrait des projections, dans l'intérêt de l'avancement d'une 'conscience collective'.

Es tiempo de reclamar la visión de Jung de la psicología como la ciencia fundacional sobre la cual todas las ciencias e instituciones pudieran basarse, y como la disciplina, teoría y práctica necesarias para promover el desarrollo psico-cultural de la humanidad. Jung identificó ocho 'tipos' diferentes de consciencia a través de los cuales la humanidad desarrolla su emergente actitud psicológica. La perspectiva de Jung acerca del desarrollo psicológico como dependiendo de la diferenciación de funciones - actitudes brinda un medio para la comprensión no solo de nosotros mismos y de los demás, sino también de nuestra sociedad. Este trabajo ofrece un ejemplo de dicho análisis al focalizarse en el conflicto actual al interior de la cultura política americana. El objetivo es tan ambicioso como necesario: la operacionalización de la visión psicológica de Jung como una influencia poderosa de la evolución de la cultura humana, la cual tiene el potencial de ser. El objetivo inmediato es instigar el primer paso hacia esta visión de la 'psicología compleja' de Jung, estimulando conversaciones entre Junguianos sobre cómo pueden promover esta visión, conduciéndolos hacia la toma de roles como 'terapeutas ciudadanos', involucrados activamente en sus comunidades, cultivando una mayor empatía y el retiro de las proyecciones con el interés de fomentar 'la consciencia colectiva'.

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In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung's writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler's epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung's book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described - the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.

En août 2020, John Beebe et Steve Myers se sont rencontrés par Zoom pour échanger sur leurs interprétations différentes de la typologie jungienne et les différentes sources dans les écrits de Jung qui ont influencé leurs livres: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe) et Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). Leur discussion a porté sur le poème épique de Spitteler Prométhée et Epiméthée, qui constitue la base du chapitre V de Types Psychologiques. C'est à la fois le chapitre le plus long et l'un des deux chapitres à propos duquel Jung a souligné, dans sa préface argentine, qu'il contient l'essence du livre. Le livre de Jung concerne principalement la transformation de la personnalité plutôt que la catégorisation des individus. Bien qu'il contienne une psychologie critique qui déconstruit la nature de la conscience, cela ne constitue qu'une moitié du livre et un tremplin vers l'autre moitié, qui est la réconciliation des opposés avec un accent particulier sur la relation entre la conscience et l'inconscient. Jung supposait que les lecteurs connaissent déjà Prométhée et Epiméthée, dont la compréhension éclaire la nature de la transformation que Jung décrit: l'élaboration d'une nouvelle attitude envers l'attitude elle-même.

En agosto 2020, John Beebe y Steve Myers se encontraron vía zoom a discutir acerca de sus diferentes interpretaciones de la tipología psicológica y de las diversas fuentes en los escritos de Jung que han influenciado sus libros: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), y Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). La discusión se centró en el poema épico de Spitteler: Prometheus und Epimetheus, el cual forma la base del capítulo V de Tipos Psicológicos. Este es el capítulo más extenso, y uno de los dos capítulos que Jung destaca en el prólogo argentina, como conteniendo la esencia del libro. El libro de Jung es principalmente sobre la transformación de la personalidad, más que sobre la categorización de las personas. Si bien contiene una psicología crítica que deconstruye la naturaleza de la consciencia, esto es solamente la mitad del libro y un paso intermedio a la otra mitad, la cual trata sobre la reconciliación de los opuestos con énfasis particular en la relación entre la consciencia y el inconsciente. Jung asume que los lectores estarían familiarizados con Prometheus und Epimetheus, cuya comprensión ilumina la naturaleza de la transformación que Jung describió - el desarrollo de una nueva actitud hacia la actitud misma.

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This article defines and explains type development across the lifespan and summarizes what other researchers have presented as a reference. A timeline for development is identified, and ways to differentiate development of a function from the development of other personality characteristics are described. Type development is about the dispersion of energy from an unconscious level to a managed conscious level. This development occurs in a spiral pattern, so development of each function occurs repeatedly but at higher levels of use and understanding each time. Although the dominant function develops most because of its innate drive to be the lead, each function can develop throughout the lifespan. The relative energy associated with each function always exists. When the energy is in the unconscious, it drives behavioural responses, but these are not within the individual's control. The ideal is to develop the conscious awareness of each of the functions so each can be consciously used as needed to match a situation. Because development of the functions is essential, this article examines potential interferences with development and then offers some suggestions for ways to promote developmental opportunities.

Cet article définit et explique le développement de la typologie au cours de la vie et résume ce que les autres chercheurs ont présenté sur ce sujet. Une chronologie du développement est identifiée, et des manières de différencier le développement d'une fonction du développement d'autres caractéristiques de la personnalité sont décrites. Le développement du type concerne la dispersion d'énergie à partir d'un niveau inconscient vers un niveau conscient et dirigé. Ce développement se produit dans un mouvement en spirale. Ainsi, le développement de chaque fonction se produit à plusieurs reprises mais à chaque fois à des niveaux plus élevés d'utilisation et de compréhension. Bien que la fonction dominante se développe plus du fait de sa pulsion innée d'être en première position, chaque fonction peut se développer tout au long de la vie. L'énergie relative associée à chaque fonction existe toujours. Quand l'énergie est dans l'inconscient, cela conduit à des réponses comportementales, mais celles-ci ne sont pas sous le contrôle de la personne. L'idéal est de développer la prise de conscience concernant chaque fonction afin que chacune puisse être utilisée consciemment selon les besoins de telle ou telle situation. Parce que le développement des fonctions est essentiel, cet article s'intéresse aux blocages potentiels dans le développement et offre ensuite quelques suggestions concernant les manières de soutenir les opportunités développementales.

El presente artículo define y explica el desarrollo de la tipología a lo largo de la vida y presenta una síntesis de lo expuesto por otras investigaciones. Se identifica una línea de tiempo para el desarrollo, y se describen modos de diferenciar el desarrollo de una función, del desarrollo de otras características de la personalidad. El desarrollo de la tipología da cuenta de la dispersión de energía desde un nivel inconsciente a un logrado nivel consciente. Este desarrollo ocurre en un patrón espiralado, de este modo el desarrollo de cada función sucede repetidamente, pero a niveles superiores de uso y comprensión cada vez. Si bien la función dominante tiene un mayor desarrollo debido a su tendencia innata a ser la que lidera, cada función puede desarrollarse a lo largo de la vida. La energía relativa asociada con cada función siempre existe. Cuando la energía está en el inconsciente, genera respuestas conductuales, que no están bajo el control del individuo. Lo ideal es desarrollar una percepción consciente de cada función, así cada una puede ser conscientemente utilizada a medida que es necesaria para responder a una situación. El desarrollo de las funciones es esencial, por lo cual, este artículo examina las interferencias potenciales en el desarrollo y luego ofrece algunas sugerencias para promover oportunidades para su desarrollo.

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Resumen La violencia en el noviazgo durante la juventud se transcribe en un problema social de gran importancia en razón al impacto y consecuencias que conlleva para la vida, incluyendo el hecho de ser un fuerte predictor de la violencia en la adultez. El propósito del presente estudio fue identificar la relación entre las conductas violentas en el noviazgo, la tipología familiar y algunos factores sociodemográficos, en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios de la Sabana de Bogotá. Para tal fin se realizó un estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal, con un diseño de tipo descriptivo correlacional a una muestra de 515 estudiantes universitarios de cinco instituciones de educación superior de la región sabana de Bogotá, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 25 años. Dentro de los hallazgos, para la muestra en estudio, se encontraron relaciones entre dichos factores de violencia y algunas tipologías familiares y los factores sexo y nivel socioeconómico. En conclusión, variables como la edad, el nivel socioeconómico y la tipología familiar se relacionan con la presentación de algunos tipos de violencia presentada durante el noviazgo.

Abstract Dating violence during youth transforms into a social problem of great importance because of its impact and consequences for life, including the fact that it is a strong predictor of violence in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between dating violence, family typology and some sociodemographic factors in a sample of young university students from the Bogota savanna. To this end, a cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out with a descriptive correlational design on a sample of 515 university students from five higher education institutions in the Bogotá savanna region, aged between 18 and 25 years. Among the findings, for the sample under study, relationships were found between these factors of violence and some family typologies and the sex and socioeconomic level factors. In conclusion, variables such as age, socioeconomic level and family typology are related to the appearance of some types of dating violence.

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A coordenação do cuidado é uma estratégia fundamental para uma assistência à saúde de qualidade, sendo um parâmetro para avaliar a robustez do sistema. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a coordenação do cuidado na Atenção Primária a Saúde (APS) no Brasil, focando a associação do atributo com a qualidade na atenção nas áreas de saúde da mulher e da criança. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com base no banco de dados da avaliação externa do 2º ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB) realizada nos anos de 2013 e 2014, e do 3º ciclo realizada entre os anos de 2018 e 2019, abrangendo equipes de APS distribuídas em todo o território nacional. Em uma primeira etapa, utilizando os dados do 2º ciclo foram analisadas as atividades de coordenação do cuidado realizadas pelas equipes, além das subdimensões referentes à saúde da mulher e da criança. A variável dependente foi o resultado da qualidade da atenção nas áreas de saúde da mulher e da criança e a variável independente foi o nível de coordenação do cuidado. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e aplicados testes de associação. Em uma segunda etapa do estudo, utilizando o banco de dados do 3º ciclo foram elaboradas três tipologias de coordenação do cuidado: PMAQ, Atlas e Observatório. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e aplicados os testes de Qui-Quadrado e Kruskal-Wallis. Na primeira etapa, foram avaliadas 28.056 equipes, 68,5% apresentaram nível baixo de coordenação, sendo que os mais baixos foram encontrados nos estrato 1 (78,5%) e 2 (74,7%). Dentre as regiões, o sudeste apresentou o maior percentual de equipes com alto nível (37,6%) e o norte com nível baixo (89,1%). Em relação à assistência à saúde da mulher, o percentual de equipes com baixo nível (70,3%) foi superior, enquanto para a saúde da criança houve um maior percentual com alto nível (63,3%). Verificou-se que possuir alto nível de coordenação - tanto na saúde da mulher (OR: 20,99) como na saúde da criança (OR: 6,42) - esteve associado a um alto nível de assistência nestas áreas. Na segunda etapa, foram avaliadas 35.350 equipes. Constatou-se diferença significativa (valor-p < 0,001) entre os níveis de coordenação, com predomínio de altos e médios níveis, respectivamente, para os três instrumentos, PMAQ (56,07% e 38,35%), Atlas (52,63% e 40,66%) e o Observatório (44,82% e 43,98%). Na comparação dos indicadores, houve diferença significativa entre as tipologias, com associação significativa (valor-p < 0,001) entre os estratos e os níveis de coordenação. Na comparação entre os indicadores, observou-se que pelo menos um estrato difere dos demais, padrão que se repete nas três tipologias. Pode-se concluir que no segundo ciclo houve predomínio de baixos níveis de coordenação do cuidado, uma associação positiva entre altos níveis de coordenação e altos níveis de assistência, tanto para a saúde da mulher como para a saúde da criança. No terceiro ciclo predominaram altos e médios níveis de coordenação, constataram-se diferenças significativas entre o PMAQ, Atlas e Observatório.

The coordination of care is a fundamental strategy for quality health care, being a parameter to assess the robustness of the system. This study aimed to evaluate the coordination of care in Primary Health Care (PHC) in Brazil, focusing on the association of the attribute with the quality of care in the areas of women's and children's health. A cross-sectional study was carried out based on the external evaluation database of the 2nd cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care (PMAQ-AB) carried out in the years 2013 and 2014, and the 3rd cycle carried out between years 2018 and 2019, covering PHC teams distributed throughout the national territory. In a first stage, using the data from the 2nd cycle, the care coordination activities carried out by the teams were analyzed, in addition to the subdimensions related to the health of women and children. The dependent variable was the result of the quality of care in the areas of women's and children's health and the independent variable was the level of care coordination. Descriptive analyzes were carried out and association tests were applied. In a second stage of the study, using the database of the 3rd cycle, three types of care coordination were developed: PMAQ, Atlas and Observatory. Descriptive analyzes were performed and the Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were applied. In the first stage, 28,056 teams were evaluated, 68.5% had a low level of coordination, the lowest being found in strata 1 (78.5%) and 2 (74.7%). Among the regions, the Southeast had the highest percentage of teams with a high level (37.6%) and the North with a low level (89.1%). In relation to women's health care, the percentage of teams with low level (70.3%) was higher, while for children's health there was a higher percentage with high level (63.3%). It was found that having a high level of coordination - both in women's health (OR: 20.99) and in children's health (OR: 6.42) - was associated with a high level of assistance in these areas. In the second stage, 35,350 teams were evaluated. There was a significant difference (p-value <0.001) between the coordination levels, with a predominance of high and medium levels, respectively, for the three instruments, PMAQ (56.07% and 38.35%), Atlas (52, 63% and 40.66%) and the Observatory (44.82% and 43.98%). When comparing the indicators, there was a significant difference between the types, with a significant association (p-value <0.001) between the strata and the levels of coordination. When comparing the indicators, it was observed that at least one stratum differs from the others, a pattern that is repeated in the three typologies. It can be concluded that in the second cycle there was a predominance of low levels of coordination of care, a positive association between high levels of coordination and high levels of assistance, both for the health of the woman and the health of the child. In the third cycle, high and medium levels of coordination predominated, significant differences were found between the PMAQ, Atlas and Observatory

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Marital conflict is associated with multiple negative outcomes for couples, including marital dissatisfaction and divorce. Little research, however, has examined conflict in Hispanic/Latino couples or its association with marital satisfaction, which creates an unfortunate knowledge gap for clinicians working with diverse client groups. The present study sought to examine both marital conflict and satisfaction using a sample of 231 European American (EA; n = 108) and Hispanic/Latino (H/L; n = 123) couples. Through observational coding, couples were placed into four groups based on their type of conflict management strategies: Harmonious, Withdrawn, Conflictual-Expressive, or Conflictual-Hostile. For both ethnic groups, couples in the Harmonious group were nondistressed and couples in the Conflictual-Hostile group were in the distressed range of marital satisfaction. Cross-ethnic differences emerged. EA couples experienced distress when both hostile (Conflictual-Hostile) and nonhostile conflict (Conflictual-Expressive) communication types were observed, while only hostile conflict was associated with distress for the H/L group. H/L couples reported similar levels of satisfaction in both the Harmonious and Conflictual-Expressive groups. H/L couples also fell within the distressed range when withdrawn communication patterns were observed; however, this was not the case for EA couples. These differences suggest that both types of conflict are associated with marital distress for EA couples, whereas hostile conflict and withdrawn behavior appear to be more negatively associated with marital satisfaction in H/L couples. Results provide support for the use of an observational coding system with H/L and EA couples and also suggest the importance of understanding how differences in expressions of conflict across ethnicities may relate to marital satisfaction.

El conflicto conyugal está asociado con numerosos resultados negativos para las parejas, incluida la insatisfacción conyugal y el divorcio. Sin embargo, pocas investigaciones han analizado el conflicto en las parejas hispanas/latinas o su asociación con la satisfacción conyugal, lo cual crea una desafortunada laguna de conocimiento para los profesionales que trabajan con grupos de pacientes diversos. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar tanto el conflicto como la satisfacción conyugal utilizando una muestra de 231 parejas euroamericanas (EA; n = 108) e hispanas/latinas (H/L; n = 123). Mediante la codificación observacional, se colocó a las parejas en cuatro grupos según su tipo de estrategias de gestión de conflictos: armonioso, retraído, conflictivo-expresivo o conflictivo-hostil. En ambos grupos étnicos, las parejas del grupo armonioso eran parejas sin distrés y las parejas del grupo conflictivo-hostil estaban en el rango de distrés en la satisfacción conyugal. Surgieron diferencias interétnicas. Las parejas EA sufrieron distrés cuando se observaron los tipos de comunicación ante el conflicto hostil (conflictivo-hostil) y no hostil (conflictivo-expresivo), mientras que solo el conflicto hostil estuvo asociado con el distrés para el grupo H/L. Las parejas H/L informaron niveles similares de satisfacción tanto en el grupo armonioso como en el conflictivo-expresivo. Las parejas H/L también quedaron dentro del rango con distrés cuando se observaron patrones de comunicación retraídos; sin embargo, esto no fue así para las parejas EA. Estas diferencias sugieren que ambos tipos de conflicto están asociados con el distrés conyugal para las parejas EA, mientras que el conflicto hostil y el comportamiento retraído parecen estar más negativamente asociados con la satisfacción conyugal en las parejas H/L. Los resultados respaldan el uso de un sistema de codificación observacional con parejas H/L y EA, y también sugieren la importancia de comprender cómo las diferencias en las expresiones de conflicto entre las etnias pueden relacionarse con la satisfacción conyugal.

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ABSTRACT: A typology of avocado cv. Hass farms was constructed based on information collected from productive units in Antioquia, Colombia. The study aimed to provide key information about the farms for those involved in the design of programs and public policies directed to growers. The data were scrutinized through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Cluster Analysis. The sample was made up of 214 growers of the crop. Quantitative and qualitative variables were employed for the MCA, which rendered 40 dimensions, out of which 16 accounted for 70% of the total inertia (variance) found in the data. These 16 dimensions were used as input for the Cluster Analysis, which provided the following results: 52%, 32% and 15% of the farms were located in Clusters 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The identified farm types can be associated to peasant (Cluster 1) and commercial (Cluster 3) agricultural schemes, plus a transition between them (Cluster 2). The most discriminating variables regarding such categorization were: farm size, farm registry at ICA (Colombian Agricultural Institute), Avocado cv. Hass yield, labor source, presence of crops other than avocado, existence of formal commercial alliances and technical assistance type. The percentage of farmers belonging to grower organizations was high in the three clusters. Growers in Clusters 3 and 2 had established formal commercial alliances which enabled them to access better sale prices for the crop. A trend towards establishing cv. Hass as a monocrop is observed, which may threaten both crop biodiversity and the food security of peasant growers.

RESUMO: Uma tipologia de fazendas produtoras de abacate cv. Hass foi realizada a partir de informações levantadas em unidades produtivas no departamento de Antioquia, Colômbia. O objetivo do estudo foi fornecer informações importantes sobre as fazendas produtoras da variedade de abacate Hass, com o intuito de apoiar a elaboração de programas e políticas públicas destinados aos produtores desta variedade. Métodos estatísticos multivariados como Análise de Correspondência Múltipla (ACM) e Análise de Clusters foram utilizados. A amostra foi composta por 214 produtores de abacate cv. Hass. Variáveis ​​categóricas de tipo quantitativo e qualitativo foram utilizadas no ACM, o que permitiu a obtenção de 40 dimensões, das quais 16 continham 70% da inércia total (variância) presente nos dados. As 16 dimensões serviram como entrada para a Análise de Clusters, a qual produziu os seguintes resultados: 52%, 32% e 15% das fazendas estiveram localizadas nos Clusters 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Os tipos de fazendas identificados podem ser associados a esquemas de agricultura camponesa (Cluster 1), agricultura comercial (Cluster 3), e uma transição entre elas (Cluster 2). Variáveis ​​como a fonte de trabalho, a presença de culturas diferentes ao abacate, a existência de alianças comerciais formais e o tipo de assistência técnica recebida são as mais diferenciadas em relação a esta categorização. A percentagem de produtores pertencentes a organizações de produtores foi alta nos três clusters. Os produtores dos Clusters 3 e 2 estabeleceram alianças formais de negócios, o que lhes permitiu ter acesso a melhores preços de venda da cultura. Há uma tendência a estabelecer o abacate cv. Hass como uma monocultura, o que pode ameaçar tanto a diversidade da agricultura quanto a segurança alimentar dos produtores camponeses.

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Resumen El impacto del crimen organizado transnacional en la frontera compartida entre Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil es tan grande, que hace que la región sea caracterizada por la prensa internacional y se considere como una de las más peligrosas del mundo. Este documento pretende, en primer lugar, realizar una caracterización de la región, con el fin de establecer el contexto que hace propicia la consolidación de los esquemas criminales. En seguida, se mostrará cuáles son los principales crímenes que se desarrollan y los actores involucrados. Finalmente, se establecerá cuáles han sido las respuestas de los tres gobiernos para superar la situación. La metodología empleada fue cualitativa, con vocación analítica y documental, a partir de fuentes primarias y secundarias que permitieron identificar la importancia estratégica y socioeconómica de los corredores fronterizos en la Triple Frontera, y la existencia de zonas grises, donde ha tenido amplio desarrollo el crimen organizado transnacional, a partir de la existencia de grupos nativos y no nativos en la zona, y de un amplio portafolio criminal que pone en evidencia la evolución de las amenazas a la seguridad. Las iniciativas implementadas por los gobiernos, en forma individual y en conjunto, finalmente se muestran insuficientes para contener el avance del fenómeno y como uno de los principales desafíos en la Triple Frontera.

Abstract The impact of the transnational organized crime in the tripartite border among Argentine, Paraguay and Brazil is so great that the region is characterized by the international media and considered one of the most dangerous areas in the world. This paper aims, first, to do a characterization of the region to establish the context that makes the consolidation of the criminal schemas favorable. Then, it will present the main crimes perpetrated and the individuals involved. Finally, it will establish the three governments' responses to overcome this problematic. This study used a qualitative analysis and documentary methodology, starting from primary and secondary sources. These sources allowed identifying the strategic and socioeconomic importance of the border corridors in this triple borderline, and the existence of grey zones, where transnational organized crime has had a great growth since the existence of native and non-native groups in this area; and of a broad criminal portfolio that points out the evolution of threats to security. The initiatives implemented by the governments, individually and collectively, are insufficient to stop the advancement of this matter and are shown as one of the main challenges in this shared border.

Resumo O impacto do crime organizado transnacional na fronteira compartilhada entre Argentina, Paraguai e Brasil é tão grande, que faz que a região seja caraterizada pela imprensa internacional e que seja considerada como uma das mais perigosas do mundo. Este documento pretende, em primeiro lugar, realizar uma caracterização da região, com o fim de establecer o contexto que propicia a consolidação dos esquemas criminais. Logo, se mostrará quais são os principais crimes cometidos e os atores envolvidos. Finalmente, se estabelecerá quais têm sido as propostas dos três governos para resolver a situação. A metodología utilizada foi qualitativa de tipo analítica e documental, a partir de fontes primárias e secundárias que permitiram identificar a importância estratégica e socioeconómica dos corredores fronteiriços na tríplice fronteira, e a existência de zonas cinzentas, onde o crime organizado transnacional tem tido um amplo desenvolvimento a partir da existência de grupos nativos e não nativos na zona, e de uma ampla variedade de crimes que evidencia a evolução das ameaças à segurança. As iniciativas implementadas pelos governos, de forma individual e conjunta, finalmente se mostram insuficientes para conter o avanço do fenômeno e se mostram como um dos principais desafios na tríplice fronteira.

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OBJECTIVE: To establish typologies within Madrid's citizens (Spain) with regard to end-of-life by cluster analysis. METHOD: The SPAD 8 programme was implemented in a sample from a health care centre in the autonomous region of Madrid (Spain). A multiple correspondence analysis technique was used, followed by a cluster analysis to create a dendrogram. A cross-sectional study was made beforehand with the results of the questionnaire. RESULTS: Five clusters stand out. Cluster 1: a group who preferred not to answer numerous questions (5%). Cluster 2: in favour of receiving palliative care and euthanasia (40%). Cluster 3: would oppose assisted suicide and would not ask for spiritual assistance (15%). Cluster 4: would like to receive palliative care and assisted suicide (16%). Cluster 5: would oppose assisted suicide and would ask for spiritual assistance (24%). CONCLUSIONS: The following four clusters stood out. Clusters 2 and 4 would like to receive palliative care, euthanasia (2) and assisted suicide (4). Clusters 4 and 5 regularly practiced their faith and their family members did not receive palliative care. Clusters 3 and 5 would be opposed to euthanasia and assisted suicide in particular. Clusters 2, 4 and 5 had not completed an advance directive document (2, 4 and 5). Clusters 2 and 3 seldom practiced their faith. This study could be taken into consideration to improve the quality of end-of-life care choices.

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Resumen El objetivo general de este trabajo fue el de determinar el perfil de los menores que acuden al juzgado, según sus trayectorias delictivas, en cuanto al tipo de delito y la medida propuesta. Los participantes de este estudio fueron 210 menores del Juzgado de Castellón, de edades entre 14.03 y 18.1 años. Las trayectorias de los menores reincidentes (23.15) correspondieron, en mayor medida, a delitos cometidos contra la propiedad 51.2% (delitos cometidos contra las personas = 48.8%). Por otra parte, a medida que iba aumentando la restricción de la medida, se incrementaba la reincidencia. Las medidas que contaron con un porcentaje más alto de reincidencia fueron: tratamiento ambulatorio (66.7%), tareas socioeducativas (53.8%), internamiento y (50%) y libertad vigilada (47.2%).

Abstract The aim of this study is to define a profile of juvenile offenders with a criminal record in the juvenile court, according to their criminal trajectory, depending on the type of crime and educational measure. Participants were 210 adolescents between the ages of 14.03 and 18.10. Results showed recidivism trajectories (23.15%) that property-related offences were more present 51.2%, (offences against persons, and 48.8%). On the other hand as the educational measure is more punitive, the amount of minors with more criminal records is higher. The educational measures with the higher recidivism rates are: Outpatient services (66.7%), Socio-educational tasks (53.8%), Confinement in closed centres (50%) and Probation (47.2%).

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This study used a person-centered approach to examine stability and change in parenting typologies across early childhood. Profiles were associated within and across time with contextual covariates, including demographic characteristics, risk factors, and Early Head Start participation. Participants were drawn from the Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project (N = 2, 876). Parenting profiles were identified based on observed parenting dimensions at 14, 24, and 36 months, and pre-Kindergarten (pre-K). Results suggested a four-profile solution at each time point: Supportive, Lukewarm (14 & 24 months)/Sufficient (36 months and pre-K), Harsh, and Detached. Supportive was the largest, most stable, and most likely transitioned into profile while Harsh and Detached represented rare profiles with moderate to low membership stability across time. Depression and family conflict emerged as important correlates of unsupportive parenting profiles both within and across time. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for both policy and implementation practices for low-income mothers with young children.

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ABSTRACT: Milk supply chain in Brazil exhibits significant production system heterogeneity in all federal units. Thus, the objective of this study was to form homogeneous groups of bovine milk production units based on the chemical and microbiological quality of the milk via multivariate statistical techniques. A total of 1,541 milk producing units (MPUs), corresponding to 44,089 samples, were analyzed. The first three principal components accounted for 81.38% of the total variation in the data. Principal component 1 (PC1) was associated with the chemical quality of milk (fat, protein [PROT] and total dry extract [TDE] content), while PC2 and PC3 were associated with microbiological quality (somatic cell count [SCC] and total bacterial count [TBC]). The concurrent analysis of the two two-dimensional projections characterized the different productive strata by their quality attributes and identified the positive/negative points of milk microbiological characteristics in each production group. Thus, the dimensionality of the set of 1,541 MPUs was reduced to 15 homogeneous production groups. This method optimizes the use of the dairy industry monthly database and characterizes all the heterogeneities present in dairy production systems.

RESUMO: A cadeia produtiva brasileira de leite possui expressiva heterogeneidade de sistemas de produção em todas as unidades federativas. Assim, objetivou-se formar grupos homogêneos de unidades de produção de leite bovino através de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas, com base na qualidade química e microbiológica do leite. Foram utilizadas 1.541 unidades produtoras de leite (UPL), totalizando 44.089 amostras analisadas. Os três primeiros componentes principais explicaram 81,38% da variação total dos dados. O componente principal 1 associou-se à qualidade química do leite (gordura, proteína e extrato seco total), enquanto os componentes principais 2 e 3 com a qualidade microbiológica (contagem de células somáticas e contagem bacteriana total). Com a análise conjunta das três projeções bidimensionais, caracterizaram-se os distintos estratos produtivos quanto aos seus atributos de qualidade e identificaram-se os pontos positivos/negativos das características microbiológicas do leite de cada um dos grupos de produção. Assim, obteve-se uma redução da dimensionalidade do conjunto de 1.541UPL em 15 grupos de produção homogêneos, otimizando a utilização da base de informações mensais das indústrias lácteas, e caracterizando a totalidade das heterogeneidades presentes em sistemas de produção leiteiros.

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Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo la descripción de variables sociodemográficas, del tratamiento, principales categorías diagnósticas y prevalencia de trastornos mentales de la población atendida en un centro de psicología. Se analizaron las historias clínicas de los 1699 consultantes atendidos entre los años 2012 y 2015, por medio de las estadísticas de atención mensual del Centro. Entre los resultados más significativos, se identifican coincidencias con los perfiles epidemiológicos a nivel mundial y nacional. Sin embargo, se identificaron diferencias al analizar la información de acuerdo con los grupos de edad de los consultantes. Las principales categorías diagnósticas de la población estuvieron relacionadas con problemas académicos y con el grupo primario de apoyo. Los trastornos de la conducta fueron los más prevalentes en niños y adolescentes, mientras que en adultos prevalecieron trastornos internalizantes. Se discute la relevancia de los resultados en el contexto clínico.

Abstract The present study aims to describe the demographic characteristics, psychodiagnostic typologies, and mental disorders prevalence of the population in a Psychological Center. The clinical records of 1699 patients treated between years 2012 and 2015 were analyzed using the monthly statistical attention database. The results were similar to international and national epidemiological studies. The main psychodiagnostic categories were related to academic and primary support group issues. However, differences regarding psychodiagnostic categories analyzing the information by age group were identified. In children and adolescents' behavioral disorders were the most prevalent mental disease, whereas in adults were anxiety and mood disorders. The relevance of the results in the clinical setting is discussed.

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