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OBJECTIVE: Measurement of countertransference (CT) has proven challenging throughout the history of studying this construct. We sought to determine the potential value of using a common measure of transference, the Core Conflictual Relationship Theme (CCRT) method, as a means of studying CT. METHOD: The Relationship Anecdote Paradigm and the CCRT method were used to examine CT in two studies. In Study 1, we examined the correspondence between a therapist's wishes with significant people in her life (i.e., her parents and husband) and three long-term patients. In Study 2, we identified the interpersonal wishes of a different therapist and examined 14 of her sessions with 3 patients for evidence of how these wishes and needs were displayed in her clinical work. RESULTS: Analyses revealed that specific wishes in therapists' personal lives could be detected from projective interviews and these wishes were similar, but not necessarily identical, to wishes in therapists' descriptions of, and actual work with, their patients. Evidence of both chronic wishes and patient-specific wishes was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the idea that the origins of CT reside in therapists' interpersonal wishes and that the CCRT may be a promising means of identifying CT in research, practice, and supervision.

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OBJECTIVE: Although therapist supportive, rather than directive, strategies have been particularly indicated during client resistance, little systematic research has examined how therapists responsively navigate resistance in different therapy approaches and how this responsiveness is related to outcome. METHOD: In the context of disagreement episodes in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; Westra, H. A., Constantino, M. J., & Antony, M. M. Integrating motivational interviewing with cognitive-behavioral therapy for severe generalized anxiety disorder: An allegiance-controlled randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 84(9), 768-782. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000098, 2016), the present study examined (1) the degree to which therapist management of resistance differed between therapists trained in CBT integrated with motivational interviewing (MI-CBT; i.e., training centered on the responsive management of resistance) and therapists trained in CBT-alone, and (2) the impact of specific therapist behaviors during disagreement on client worry outcomes immediately posttreatment and 1-year posttreatment. Episodes of disagreement were rated used the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, L. S. Structural analysis of social behavior. Psychological Review, 81(5), 392-425. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037024, 1974). RESULTS: Therapists trained in MI-CBT were found to exhibit significantly more affiliative and fewer hostile behaviors during disagreement compared to those trained in CBT-alone; both of these, in turn, were found to mediate client 1-year posttreatment outcomes, such that increased affiliation during disagreement was associated with improved outcomes. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the value of training therapists in the responsive detection and management of resistance, as well as the systematic integration of MI into CBT.

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INTRODUCTION: The Partners for Change Outcome Management System (PCOMS) is a client feedback-system built on two brief visual analogue self-report scales. Prior studies of PCOMS have found effects varying from significant positive to negative. Aims of present study are; to test the predicted beneficial impact of PCOMS, while accounting for methodological flaws in prior studies and to clarify under which circumstances the addition of PCOMS to therapy has a beneficial effect. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study focuses on patients applying for brief, time-limited treatments. Four centres will be randomised to either treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU with PCOMS. All participating patients will be assessed four times. The full staff in the experimental condition will be trained in PCOMS. In the second part of this study, all therapists in the PCOMS condition will fill in a questionnaire concerning the influence of regulatory focus, self-efficacy, external or internal feedback orientation and perceived feedback validity of PCOMS. Finally, patients in the PCOMS condition will be asked to give feedback through a structured interview.The primary outcome measure is the Outcome Questionnaire over the period from beginning to end of therapy. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form and Consumer Quality Index are also completed. In the primary analysis, outcomes of the two treatment conditions on treatment outcome, patient satisfaction, costs, drop-out and duration will be examined with a three-level (within patient, between patients and between therapists) multilevel analysis. The DSM-classification, sex, education level, age of each patient and therapist factors will be included as covariates. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The Medical Ethics Committee of the University of Twente approved this study (K15-11, METC Twente). Data will be included from 1 January 2016 to 1 July 2019. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR5466; Pre-results.

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Variables pertaining to the person of the psychotherapist have been neglected in psychotherapy research for some time. Concerning personality in particular, however, research has mostly focused on its relation with the psychotherapist's choice of method, or differences between the various major therapy approaches. That is, psychotherapists were compared to each other without specifying how exactly psychotherapists are in comparison to "ordinary people." We wanted to know: Are there specific personality styles that distinguish psychotherapists from the norm? A sample of 1,027 psychotherapists from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland filled out the short version of the Personality Style and Disorder Inventory (PSDI-S) via online survey. The PSDI-S is a self-report questionnaire that assesses 14 personality styles, partly related to the non-pathological equivalents of classifiable personality disorders. The psychotherapists were compared to a normative sample of 3,392 people of different professions. The results could be divided into three groups: (1) Large differences in four personality styles that might contribute to relationship skills and may enable psychotherapists to put their own personal opinion aside, show empathy and appreciation, open themselves to the emotional experience of the patient, and provide a trusting relationship. (2) Moderate differences in seven personality styles that are equally indicative of the professional social skills of the psychotherapists, i.e., they were neither submissive nor passive, not excessively helpful, but also not too self-assertive. (3) Hardly any or no differences regarding a charming (histrionic) style, optimism, and conscientiousness. Gender-specific results revealed that male psychotherapists differed from their female colleagues, but they did so differently than men and women in the normative sample do. The main limitations were that we relied on self-report and did not statistically control for gender, age, and education, when comparing to the norm. As a conclusion, German-speaking psychotherapists show personality styles that we interpret as functional for psychotherapeutic practice but this needs corroboration from studies that use different methods and measures.

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O estudo das variáveis relativas ao terapeuta é um tema de relevância empírica no âmbito da investigação sobre o processo e resultados terapêuticos. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se há diferenças nas respostas dadas às três subescalas em avaliação na versão em língua portuguesa do Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId) (fatores curativos, estilo terapêutico e pressupostos de base) em função da orientação teórica, dos anos de experiência e da realização de terapia pessoal dos 34 terapeutas em estudo, e avaliar as características psicométricas do instrumento. Em conclusão, a versão em língua portuguesa do ThId apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas e revelase útil para detectar diferenças de estilo e atitude terapêutica entre clínicos de diferentes orientações teóricas, mesmo em amostras dereduzida dimensão.

The study of therapist variables is a matter of empirical relevance in the realm of the research on therapeutic process and outcome.The goal of this study is to ascertain the differences regarding the responses given to the 3 subscales of the Portuguese version of the Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId) in evaluation (curative factors, therapeutic style and basic assumptions) in relation to theoretical orientation, years of experience and previous personal therapy among the 34 therapists enrolled in the study, along side the psychometric evaluation of the instrument. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of ThId displays good preliminary psychometricqualities and empirical use fulness to capture differences in style and attitude between clinicians of different theoretical models, evenin reduced samples.

El estudio de las variables relacionadas con el terapeuta es tema de prominencia empírica en la investigación sobre proceso y resultados terapéuticos. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar si hay diferencias en las respuestas a las tres subescalas en evaluación en la versión en lengua portuguesa del Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId) (factores curativos, estilo terapéutico y supuestos de base) atendiendo ala orientación teórica, años de experiencia y realización de terapia personal de los 34 terapeutas participantes, y evaluar las características psicométricas del instrumento. En conclusión, la versión en lengua portuguesa del ThId tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas y esútil para detectar diferencias de estilo y actitud terapéutica entre clínicos de diferentes orientaciones teóricas, incluso en muestras dedimensión reducida.

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O estudo das variáveis relativas ao terapeuta é um tema de relevância empírica no âmbito da investigação sobre o processo e resultados terapêuticos. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar se há diferenças nas respostas dadas às três subescalas em avaliação na versão em língua portuguesa do Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId) (fatores curativos, estilo terapêutico e pressupostos de base) em função da orientação teórica, dos anos de experiência e da realização de terapia pessoal dos 34 terapeutas em estudo, e avaliar as características psicométricas do instrumento. Em conclusão, a versão em língua portuguesa do ThId apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas e revelase útil para detectar diferenças de estilo e atitude terapêutica entre clínicos de diferentes orientações teóricas, mesmo em amostras dereduzida dimensão.(AU)

The study of therapist variables is a matter of empirical relevance in the realm of the research on therapeutic process and outcome.The goal of this study is to ascertain the differences regarding the responses given to the 3 subscales of the Portuguese version of the Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId) in evaluation (curative factors, therapeutic style and basic assumptions) in relation to theoretical orientation, years of experience and previous personal therapy among the 34 therapists enrolled in the study, along side the psychometric evaluation of the instrument. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of ThId displays good preliminary psychometricqualities and empirical use fulness to capture differences in style and attitude between clinicians of different theoretical models, evenin reduced samples.(AU)

El estudio de las variables relacionadas con el terapeuta es tema de prominencia empírica en la investigación sobre proceso y resultados terapéuticos. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar si hay diferencias en las respuestas a las tres subescalas en evaluación en la versión en lengua portuguesa del Therapeutic Identity Questionnaire (ThId) (factores curativos, estilo terapéutico y supuestos de base) atendiendo ala orientación teórica, años de experiencia y realización de terapia personal de los 34 terapeutas participantes, y evaluar las características psicométricas del instrumento. En conclusión, la versión en lengua portuguesa del ThId tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas y esútil para detectar diferencias de estilo y actitud terapéutica entre clínicos de diferentes orientaciones teóricas, incluso en muestras dedimensión reducida.(AU)

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