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The incidence of chronic pain is around 8% in the general population, and its impact on quality of life, mood, and sleep exceeds the burden of its causal pathology. Chronic pain is a complex and multifaceted problem with few effective and safe treatment options. It can be associated with neurological diseases, peripheral injuries or central trauma, or some maladaptation to traumatic or emotional events. In this perspective, animal models are used to assess the manifestations of neuropathy, such as allodynia and hyperalgesia, through nociceptive tests, such as von Frey, Hargreaves, hot plate, tail-flick, Randall & Selitto, and others. Cannabidiol (CBD) has been considered a promising strategy for treating chronic pain and diseases that have pain as a consequence of neuropathy. However, despite the growing body of evidence linking the efficacy of CBD on pain management in clinical and basic research, there is a lack of reviews focusing on chronic pain assessments, especially when considering pre-clinical studies, which assess chronic pain as a disease by itself or as a consequence of trauma or peripheral or central disease. Therefore, this review focused only on studies that fit our inclusion criteria: (1) used treatment with CBD extract; (2) used tests to assess mechanical or thermal nociception in at least one of the following most commonly used tests (von Frey, hot plate, acetone, Hargreaves, tail-flick, Randall & Selitto, and others); and (3) studies that assessed pain sensitivity in chronic pain induction models. The current literature points out that CBD is a well-tolerated and safe natural compound that exerts analgesic effects, decreasing hyperalgesia, and mechanical/thermal allodynia in several animal models of pain and patients. In addition, CBD presents several molecular and cellular mechanisms of action involved in its positive effects on chronic pain. In conclusion, using CBD seems to be a promising strategy to overcome the lack of efficacy of conventional treatment for chronic pain.

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The inflammatory process is a biological response of the organism to remove injurious stimuli and initiate homeostasis. It has been recognized as a key player in the most severe forms of SARS-CoV-2, characterized by significantly increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, the so-called "cytokine storm" that appears to play a pivotal role in this disease. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to select clinical trials with anti-inflammatory plants and relate the activity of these plants to inflammatory markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection. PRISMA guidelines are followed, and studies of interest are indexed in PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. As a result, 32 clinical trials encompassing 22 plants were selected. The main anti-inflammatory mechanisms described in the studies are the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-a, IFN-γ, and IL-1; decreased CRP and oxidative marker levels; increased endogenous antioxidant levels; modulation of cardiovascular risk markers. The data found are not directly related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, they provide possibilities for new studies as plants have a wide array of phytochemicals, and detecting which ones are responsible for anti-inflammatory effects can provide invaluable contribution to studies aiming to evaluate efficacy in scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Depression is a prevalent disease worldwide, limiting psychosocial functioning and thequality of life. Linalool is the main constituent of some essential oils from aromatic plants, representing about 70% of these volatile concentrates. Evidence of the linalool activity on the central nervous system, mainly acting as an antidepressant agent, is increasingly abundant. This review aimed to extend the knowledge of linalool's antidepressant action mechanisms, which is fundamental for future research, intending to highlight this natural compound as a new antidepressant phytomedication. A critical analysis is proposed here with probable hypotheses of the synergic mechanisms that support the evidence of antidepressant effects of the linalool. The literature search has been conducted in databases for published scientific articles before December 2020, using relevant keywords. Several pieces of evidence point to the anticonvulsant, sedative, and anxiolytic actions. In addition to these activities, other studies have revealed that linalool acts on the monoaminergic and neuroendocrine systems, inflammatory process, oxidative stress, and neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF, resulting in considerable advances in the knowledge of the etiology of depression. In this context, linalool emerges as a promising bioactive compound in the therapeutic arsenal, capable of interacting with numerous pathophysiological factors and acting on several targets. This review claims to contribute to future studies, highlighting the gaps in the linalool knowledge, such as its kinetics, doses, routes of administration, and multiple targets of interaction, to clarify its antidepressant activity.

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Studies have shown the complexity of epileptogenesis and ictogenesis, in which immunological processes and epigenetic and structural changes in neuronal tissues have been identified as triggering epilepsy. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major active component of the Cannabis plant and the source of CBD-enriched products for the treatment of epilepsy and associated diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date discussion on cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered during epilepsy crises, and the phytochemical characteristics of CBD that make it an attractive candidate for controlling rare syndromes, with excellent therapeutic properties. We also discuss possible CBD anticonvulsant mechanisms and molecular targets in neurodegenerative disorders and epilepsy. Based on these arguments, we conclude that CBD presents a biotecnological potential in the anticonvulsant process, including decreasing dependence on health care in hospitals, and could make the patient's life more stable, with regard to neurological conditions.

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INTRODUCTION: The chronic metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing global problem with huge social, health, and economic consequences, having one of the highest morbidities and mortality rates. Prolonged use of many available medications can produce undesirable side effects. Thus, plants appear as an important source of bioactive resources for the discovery of new treatments for diabetes. AREAS COVERED: In this sense, this systematic review focused on clinical trials involving plants of National List of Medicinal Plants of Interest to the Unified Health System (RENISUS) (or compounds) with antidiabetic properties. We analyzed indexed studies in PubMed following the reporting guidelines of PRISMA. EXPERT OPINION: Of the 51 clinical trials found, Curcuma longa, Glycine max, Zingiber officinale, Punica granatum, Aloe vera, Momordica charantia are the species with the greatest amount of clinical trials and the attenuation of insulin resistance, decreased fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels are some of the main mechanisms by which these plants exert hypoglycemic effects. Thus, we speculate that the Clinical Pharmacology should explore the field of plant-based compounds that will keep concentrating the attention of researchers, and therefore, we gathered studies in advanced stages that highlight the role of plants in the diabetes therapy.

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INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 global pandemic is a public health emergency due to its high virulence and mortality. Many vaccine development studies at clinical trials are currently conducted to combat SARS-CoV-2. Plants are a rich source of phytochemicals with different biological activities, including antiviral activities, which are the focus of many studies. AREAS COVERED: This review shows compounds of traditional plants listed on RENISUS list have therapeutic properties against SARS-CoV-2 targets. EXPERT OPINION: The rise of new variants, more pathogenic and virulent, impacts in the increase of mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thus, the control of the outbreaks of disease remains a global challenge. Other's drug and vaccines development is an essential element in controlling SARS-COV-2. Therefore, it is imperative that approach to tackle this pandemic has to be solidly evidence-informed. It should be noticed that the immune system does play critical roles in fighting viruses. Studies show that T cells levels decreased continuously as the disease progressed. T cell-mediated cellular immune response, probably by immunological memory, is essential for direct virus eradication after infection whilst B cells functions in producing antibodies that neutralize virus.But, have distinct patterns of T cell response exist in different patients, suggesting the possibility of distinct clinical approaches. Efforts are concentrated to elucidate the underlying immunological mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and progression for better design of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive strategies. We seek to identify biomolecules with the potential to act in biomarkers that predict how severe the disease can get. But it is important to warn that the plants that produce the compounds mentioned here should not be used without a physician prescription. Finally, we speculate that these compounds may eventually attract the attention of physicians and researchers to perform tests in specific contexts of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and if they show positive results, be tested in Clinical trials.

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Mitotane is the only adrenolytic drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treating adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). This drug has cytotoxic effects on tumour tissues; it induces cell death and antisecretory effects on adrenal cells by inhibiting the synthesis of adrenocortical steroids, which are involved in the pathogenesis of ACC. However, high doses of mitotane are usually necessary to reach the therapeutic plasma concentration, which may result in several adverse effects. This suggests that important pharmacological processes, such as first pass metabolism, tissue accumulation and extensive time for drug elimination, are associated with mitotane administration. Few studies have reported the pharmacological aspects and therapeutic effects of mitotane. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the chemistry, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic and toxic effects of mitotane. This review also discusses new perspectives of mitotane formulation that are currently under investigation. Understanding the pharmacological profile of mitotane can improve the monitoring and efficacy of this drug in ACC treatment and can provide useful information for the development of new drugs with specific action against ACC with fewer adverse effects.

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Diabetes and its complications represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes patients. This review is aimed to find the potential of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to act as therapeutic agents for diabetes and its complications. Here, we outline the literature related to the self-therapeutic effects of AuNPs. The first goal of this review is to highlight and summarize some of the existing studies (10 years ago) in terms of several parameters such as the size of AuNPs, dose, administration route, experimental model, experimental analysis, and findings. The second goal is to describe the self-therapeutic effects of AuNPs against the pathogenesis determinants of diabetic complications. AuNPs have been found to have inhibitory effects on transforming growth factor-ß, antiglycation, antiangiogenic, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. AuNPs treatment effectively disrupts multiple pathogenesis determinants in an animal model of diabetes and diabetic complications. The present review provides insight into the potential applications of AuNPs, which may help reduce the incidence of diabetes and its complications

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Garcinia is a genus of Clusiaceae, distributed throughout tropical Asia, Africa, New Caledonia, Polynesia, and Brazil. Garcinia plants contain a broad range of biologically active metabolites which, in the last few decades, have received considerable attention due to the chemical compositions of their extracts, with compounds which have been shown to have beneficial effects in several diseases. Our work had the objective of reviewing the benefits of five Garcinia species (G. brasiliensis, G. gardneriana, G. pedunculata, G. cambogia, and G. mangstana). These species provide a rich natural source of bioactive compounds with relevant therapeutic properties and anti-inflammatory effects, such as for the treatment of skin disorders, wounds, pain, and infections, having demonstrated antinociceptive, antioxidant, antitumoral, antifungal, anticancer, antihistaminic, antiulcerogenic, antimicrobial, antiviral, vasodilator, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and cardioprotective properties. This demonstrates the relevance of the genus as a rich source of compounds with valuable therapeutic properties, with potential use in the prevention and treatment of nontransmissible chronic diseases.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different cryotherapeutic preparations. DESIGN: Randomised, single-blind, crossover trial. SETTING: University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Sixteen healthy women. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomised to receive three cryotherapeutic preparations: pure ice (500g), watered ice (500g of ice in 500ml of water) and wetted ice (500g of ice in 50ml of water). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was skin surface temperature after cryotherapy, measured at the central point of application, and the minimum temperature of the region of interest (ROI). The secondary outcome was the surface area cooled to <13.6°C, which is the recommended temperature to achieve therapeutic effects. RESULTS: After application of ice, mean skin surface temperature at the central point was 4.6 [standard deviation (SD) 1.9] °C for the pure ice preparation, 4.9 (SD 2.5) °C for the wetted ice preparation, and 9.6 (SD 1.8) °C for the watered ice preparation. When compared with the watered ice preparation, this represented a mean difference (MD) of 5.0°C for the pure ice preparation [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0 to 6.0; P<0.001] and an MD of 4.7°C for the wetted ice preparation (95% CI 2.5 to 6.8; P<0.001). The minimum temperatures in the ROI were also lower for the pure ice preparation 3.0 (SD 0.9) °C and the wetted ice preparation 2.8 (SD 0.6) °C than the watered ice preparation 7.9 (SD 1.5) °C. This represented an MD of 4.8°C for the pure ice preparation (95% CI 4.0 to 5.7; P<0.001) and 5.1°C for the wetted ice preparation (95% CI 4.0 to 6.2; P<0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: Application of pure ice or wetted ice led to a greater decrease in skin surface temperature compared with watered ice. For clinical purposes, combining equal parts of water and ice could decrease this effect. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03414346).

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Resumen Se analizan las aportaciones de distintas autoras feministas/psicoanalistas con el fin de sustentar que la perspectiva de género aplicada a un proceso psicoterapéutico de orientación psicoanalítica no sólo es viable, sino deseable. La intención es no sólo aplicarla a sujetos que manifiesten algún conflicto con su identidad de género, su orientación sexual, su expresión de género o algún otro aspecto relacionado con el ejercicio de su sexualidad, sino demostrar que dicha perspectiva puede aplicarse a los procesos psicoterapéuticos de todo sujeto, ya que se considera que ejerce efectos terapéuticos y que fortalece el proceso mismo. La elección de autoras del continente americano, latinoamericanas en su mayoría, permite hacer un ejercicio de revisión del psicoanálisis contemporáneo, de forma contextualizada, y reconoce el vínculo imperdible entre psicoanálisis y estudios de género.

Resumo Diferentes aportes de autoras feministas/psicanalistas são analisados com o fim de sustentar que a perspectiva de gênero aplicada num processo de psicoterapia de orientação psicanalítica é não só viável, como desejável. A intenção é não aplica-la somente a sujeitos que possam manifestar algum conflito com sua identidade de gênero, sua orientação sexual, sua expressão de gênero ou algum outro aspecto relacionado com o exercício da sua sexualidade, mas demostrar que tal perspectiva pode se aplicar a todos os processos psicoterapêuticos, já que ditos processos exercem efeitos terapêuticos e, mais ainda, fortalecem o processo em si mesmo. A eleição das autoras do continente americano, latino-americanas na sua maioria, permite fazer um exercício de revisão da psicanálise contemporânea, de forma contextualizada, e reconhece o vínculo iniludível entre a psicanálise e os estudos de gênero.

Abstract In this article, the input of several feminist/psychoanalyst authors is analyzed in order to support that gender perspective applied to a therapy process is not only viable, but desirable. It looks into the general application of this perspective and not only to subjects manifesting an open conflict with their gender identity, the expression of their gender or any other aspect related to the exercise of their sexuality. It demonstrates that such an approach can be applied to any psychotherapeutic process, considering that it enforces therapeutic effects and fortifies the process itself. By choosing authors from the American continent, mostly Latin American, this exercise enables a review of contemporary psychoanalysis in the Latin American context and recognizes the unavoidable link between psychoanalysis and gender studies.

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Resumen Desde diversos escenarios han aparecido algunas críticas al psicoanálisis, en tanto dispositivo clínico, desde hace muchos años. Estas diatribas, que se plantean desde lugares comunes, como, por ejemplo, la salud mental, las diferentes formas de concepción del psiquismo, los círculos académicos, los ámbitos universitarios, las instancias de investigación o la ciencia, diversos medios de comunicación e, inclusive, la opinión popular (doxa), podrían resumirse concretamente en tres: ¿para qué es necesario un psicoanálisis si es "largo", "costoso" y "no es efectivo"? Sin embargo, ¿son verosímiles estas críticas? O, por el contrario, ¿aparecen como mitos no comprobados sobre el psicoanálisis y su forma de operar? A fin de proporcionar una respuesta plausible en primera instancia, los aportes de Sigmund Freud y Jacques Lacan, así como de algunos autores contemporáneos, permitirán dilucidar las problemáticas que se erigen en torno a la duración que puede llegar a tener un psicoanálisis, qué estatuto tiene el dinero en el dispositivo analítico y cómo puede entenderse el término de efectos terapéuticos; en segundo lugar, las cuestiones aquí planteadas se someten a reflexión en el marco de algunos momentos históricos específicos, como lo son la primacía actual del discurso capitalista y el advenimiento de las sociedades democráticas.

Abstract From various scenarios have appeared some criticisms of psychoanalysis, as a clinical device, for many years. These diatribes, which pose from common places such as mental health, different forms of conception of the psychism, academic circles, university areas, research or science, various media and even popular opinion (doxa), they could be summarized concretely in three: why is a psychoanalysis necessary if it is long, expensive and not effective? But are these criticisms credible? Or, on the contrary, do they appear as un-proven myths about psychoanalysis and its way of operating? To give a plausible answer, in the first instance, the contributions of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan, as well as of some contemporary authors, will make it possible to elucidate the problems that arise around the duration that a psychoanalysis can have, what status have the money in the analytical device and how the term of therapeutic effects can be understood; Secondly, the issues raised here are reflected in the context of some specific historical moments, such as the current primacy of capitalist discourse and the advent of democratic societies.

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Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. R. officinalis L. is constituted by bioactive molecules, the phytocompounds, responsible for implement several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antitumor and protective, inhibitory and attenuating activities. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies were presented in this Review, approaching the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of R. officinalis L. on some physiological disorders caused by biochemical, chemical or biological agents. In this way, methodology, mechanisms, results, and conclusions were described. The main objective of this study was showing that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.

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Abstract Background Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and other effects have been attributed to cannabis, and so it has been widely used to treat several diseases. Objective To assess the use and therapeutic effects of cannabinoid drugs and the cannabis plant in several diseases. Method We carried out a narrative review of the literature that has reported the use of the cannabis plant (marijuana) and cannabinoid drugs (nabilone, cannabinol and dronabinol, among others). We conducted a search in Medline, Cochrane, SciELO and other web sites. Clinical, controlled, double-blind and randomized studies were included. The route of administration and the cannabinoid drugs used were assessed too. Results Thirty-four studies were included. Nabilone was the cannabinoid drug more commonly used (12 studies), followed by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (11 studies). It was also found that the marijuana plant and cannabinoid drugs were used to treat many symptoms or diseases. Two studies were reported for Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. Discussion and conclusion Many scientific studies on the marijuana plant and cannabinoid drugs conclude that these are not as effective as conventional medications and thus their benefits should be taken with caution.

Resumen Antecedentes A la planta de cannabis y a los fármacos cannabinoides se les han atribuido efectos antiinflamatorios, analgésicos y anticonvulsivantes, entre otros, y por ello se han utilizado para tratar diversas patologías. Objetivo Evaluar el uso y los efectos terapéuticos de la planta de cannabis y los fármacos cannabinoides en diversas enfermedades. Método Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo mediante la revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre el uso de la planta de cannabis (mariguana) y los fármacos cannabinoides (nabilona, cannabinol y dronabinol, entre otros) en los buscadores Medline, Cochrane, SciELO y otros. Se incluyeron sólo los estudios clínicos, controlados, doble ciego y aleatorizados, así como la vía de administración y el fármaco cannabinoide utilizado. Resultados Treinta y cuatro estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La nabilona fue el fármaco más empleado (12 estudios), seguida del delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol (THC) (11 estudios). Tanto la planta como los fármacos cannabinoides se utilizaron para tratar diversos síntomas o enfermedades. Dos estudios reportaron su uso para el síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. Discusión y conclusión La mayoría de los estudios revisados indican que la efectividad de la planta de mariguana o de los fármacos cannabinoides no es superior a la de los fármacos convencionales y que sus beneficios deben tomarse con cautela.

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Las estrategias de terapia celular se han utilizado con fines tan diversos como la regeneración de tejidos, la potenciación de la respuesta inmune antígeno específicas para la terapia antitumoral, la liberación de drogas en tejidos dañados y la restauración de la homeostasis en sitios con procesos inflamatorios crónicos. Dentro de las poblaciones celulares con mayor potencial para este tipo de alternativa terapéutica se incluyen las células madre mesenquimales (CMM), un grupo heterogéneo de células estromales multipotentes que se caracterizan por su baja inmunogenicidad y que ha demostrado una elevada versatilidad respecto a sus efectos inmunomoduladores. El presente trabajo recoge evidencias que se han acumulado en la última década que permiten valorar el potencial de las CMM para la terapia celular(AU)

Cellular therapy is a versatile therapeutic approach that has been assessed on tissue regeneration, on the enhancement of tumor specific immune response, on the delivery of drugs to damage tissues and on the restoring of tissue homeostasis at chronic inflamed sites. Among the cell populations used for cellular therapy, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) appear as a heterogeneous group of cells with the highest potentiality based on its low immunogenicity and its ability to exert a plethora of immunomodulatory effects. This paper reviews the experimental evidences accumulated during the last decade in order to estimate the relevance of MSC for therapies based on cellular transference(AU)

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Las estrategias de terapia celular se han utilizado con fines tan diversos como la regeneración de tejidos, la potenciación de la respuesta inmune antígeno específicas para la terapia antitumoral, la liberación de drogas en tejidos dañados y la restauración de la homeostasis en sitios con procesos inflamatorios crónicos. Dentro de las poblaciones celulares con mayor potencial para este tipo de alternativa terapéutica se incluyen las células madre mesenquimales (CMM), un grupo heterogéneo de células estromales multipotentes que se caracterizan por su baja inmunogenicidad y que ha demostrado una elevada versatilidad respecto a sus efectos inmunomoduladores. El presente trabajo recoge evidencias que se han acumulado en la última década que permiten valorar el potencial de las CMM para la terapia celular(AU)

Cellular therapy is a versatile therapeutic approach that has been assessed on tissue regeneration, on the enhancement of tumor specific immune response, on the delivery of drugs to damage tissues and on the restoring of tissue homeostasis at chronic inflamed sites. Among the cell populations used for cellular therapy, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) appear as a heterogeneous group of cells with the highest potentiality based on its low immunogenicity and its ability to exert a plethora of immunomodulatory effects. This paper reviews the experimental evidences accumulated during the last decade in order to estimate the relevance of MSC for therapies based on cellular transference(AU)

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A inatividade física é fortemente relacionada à incidência e severidade de um vasto número de doenças crônicas. Assim sendo, o exercício físico torna-se uma das ferramentas terapêuticas mais importantes na promoção de saúde e o profissional de Educação Física, o responsável por sua ampla disseminação. Nesse artigo, discorremos sobre as seguintes questões: Qual o impacto - biológico e socioeconômico - da inatividade física na saúde dos indivíduos?; 2) Qual o impacto da inserção da atividade física vida dos indivíduos?; 3) Qual o papel da profissional de Educação Física na promoção de saúde e quais os desafios que a Educação Física, enquanto ciência ("lato sensu") e profissão, deve enfrentar nas próximas décadas? Tendo como ponto de partida o papel da inatividade física sobre a etiologia das doenças crônicas, pretendemos revelar o imenso potencial do exercício físico como agente terapêutico.

Physical inactivity is strongly related to the incidence and severity of a number of chronic diseases. Hence, physical exercise emerges as one of the most important therapeutic tool to health promotion, with the Physical Education professional being the responsible for disseminating it widely. In this manuscript, we will discuss the following questions: 1) What is the social and biological impact of physical inactivity on overall health? 2) What is the impact of physical activity on people's lives? 3) What is the role of the Physical Education professional in the promotion of health and what are the challenges that Physical Education Discipline, as a science ("lato sensu") and profession, will face in the next decades? Having in mind the role of physical inactivity upon the etiology of chronic diseases, we intend to reveal the large potential of physical exercise as a therapeutic agent.

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El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir y delimitar el modo en que Freud y Lacan plantean la cuestión de lo terapéutico en psicoanálisis. Las hipótesis planteadas son: 1) Lo terapéutico en psicoanálisis adquiere su especificidad distinguiéndose de la terapéutica médica; 2) Lo terapéutico en psicoanálisis se descuenta de todo ideal de adaptación; y por ende los efectos terapéuticos no pueden ser delimitados a partir de esta noción; 3). Los efectos terapéuticos en psicoanálisis están estrechamente ligados a los analíticos. La metodología propuesta es la lectura sistemática de textos. Las fuentes utilizadas incluyen la obra de Freud y Lacan, y será a partir de una lectura sistemática de estos autores, que delimitaremos un trazado posible sobre la articulación de lo terapéutico en psicoanálisis. Por último presentaremos un caso para dar cuenta de los efectos terapéuticos.

The aim of this study is to describe and to delimit therapeutic cuestion on Freud and Lacan's works. The hypothesis are: 1) In psychoanalysis the therapeutic acquires its specific distinction from medical therapy; 2) In psychoanalysis the therapeutic does not answer to an ideal of adaptation and thus therapeutic effects can not be defined by that notion;3) The therapeutic effects in psychoanalysis are narrowly tied to the analytical ones. The proposed methodology is the systematic reading of texts. The used source fountains include the work of Freud and Lacan, and it will be from a systematic reading of these authors, that we will delimit a possible tracing on the joint of the therapeutic thing in psychoanalysis. Finally we will present a case to realize of the therapeutic effects.