RESUMEN

The potential of bitter orange peel powder (BOPP) as a nutritional strategy for fish was investigated in Nile tilapia. A total of 120 juveniles with an average initial weight of 9.8 ± 0.7 g were divided into four groups, replicated three times, resulting in 12 experimental units (60 L each) at a stocking density of 1.63 g of fish per liter. Productive parameters, whole-body composition, blood biochemistry, erythroid morphometry, intestinal histology, and heat tolerance were assessed in the juveniles subjected to one of the following treatments: non-supplemented basal diet (control group); basal diet with BOPP at 10 g/kg (BOPP10 group); basal diet with BOPP at 20 g/kg (BOPP20 group); and basal diet with BOPP at 40 g/kg (BOPP40 group). The BOPP additive had a positive influence on Nile tilapia growth, as final weight and weight gain were greater in all BOPP-treated fish, despite the reduction in crude protein in BOPP10 and BOPP20 groups. Fish receiving BOPP40 had an increase in total lipids and showed the highest levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Villi development was greater in the tilapia given BOPP10. It may be concluded that BOPP presented the most promising results for Nile tilapia juveniles when used at 10 g/kg diet. Regarding the erythroid morphometry, there was a general increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic areas in BOPP-fed tilapia; this seems to be the first report on the direct impact of the inclusion of functional additives in fish diet upon such parameters. As concerns the thermal tolerance evaluated at the end of the feeding trial, no differences were registered among the experimental groups. Thus, BOPP represents a feasible alternative ingredient to be explored in fish nutrition, since orange peel is a natural low-cost source of essential nutrients and valuable bioactive compounds.

RESUMEN

Resumen Introducción: La industria acuícola está en constante crecimiento, registrando una producción mundial de casi 88 millones de toneladas para el año 2020. Esta industria trae consigo problemas ambientales si sus efluentes no son debidamente tratados. En el 2020, se constituyó la primera empresa de base tecnológica del CONICET en la Patagonia Argentina cuyo propósito es la producción acuícola del erizo verde de mar, Arbacia dufresnii con la finalidad de elaborar una gama de productos nutracéuticos. Su sistema de cultivo conlleva un compromiso de sustentabilidad desde su creación, y sin embargo genera efluentes con niveles altos de nitratos y fosfatos. Objetivo: Ante este escenario, y valorizando la biorremediación como herramienta de tratamiento de aguas, se propone en este trabajo la utilización de las microalgas marinas como agentes fitorremediadores del efluente acuícola. Métodos: Se utilizaron las microalgas Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica., Rhodomona salina., Nanochloropsis galvana y Cylindrotheca closterium, las cuales son usadas como alimento de las larvas del erizo en el proceso productivo. Se diseñó un experimento que compara el crecimiento microalgal y la capacidad de remoción de los nutrientes en el efluente en contraste con el medio de cultivo artificial actualmente usado en el ciclo productivo. Resultados: Es posible remediar el efluente de la industria acuícola mediante las microalgas seleccionadas, con porcentaje de eficacia de remoción del 100 % del nitrato y un porcentaje de eficacia de remoción promedio de 50 % para todas las microalgas testeadas. Asimismo, se obtuvieron valores de biomasa microalgal significativamente mayores cuando el cultivo fue realizado en el efluente respecto del cultivo en el medio artificial. Conclusiones: Los avances en investigación proporcionados en este trabajo ponen de manifiesto que es posible el aprovechamiento de un descarte para cultivar las microalgas, incluso mejorando la productividad microalgal para su uso como alimento, disminuyendo los costos involucrados en el sector de producción microalgal cambiando el uso del tipo de medio de cultivo actual (F/2) por el proveniente de un descarte. Estos avances si son escalados y validados, pueden mejorar los estándares de sustentabilidad de la industria en el marco de una economía circular.

Abstract Introduction: The aquaculture industry is constantly growing, registering a global production of almost 88 million tonnes by 2020. This industry brings environmental problems if its effluents are not properly treated. In 2020, the first technology-based company of CONICET was established in Argentine Patagonia whose purpose is the aquaculture production of the green sea urchin, Arbacia dufresnii to develop a range of nutraceutical products. Its cultivation system entails a commitment to sustainability since its creation, and yet it generates effluents with high levels of nitrates and phosphates. Objective: Given this scenario, and valuing bioremediation as a water treatment tool, the use of marine microalgae as phytoremediating agents of aquaculture effluent is proposed in this work. Methods: The microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica, Rhodomona salina, Nanochloropsis galvana and Cylindrotheca closterium were use; which are used as food for sea urchins larvae in the production process. An experiment was designed that compares the microalgal growth and the removal capacity of nutrients in the effluent in contrast to the artificial culture medium currently used in the production cycle. Results: It is possible to remedy the aquaculture industry's effluent by employing the selected microalgae, with a percentage of removal efficiency of 100 % of the nitrate and an average removal efficiency percentage of 50 % for all the microalgae tested. Likewise, significantly higher microalgal biomass values were obtained when the culture was carried out in the effluent the culture in the artificial environment. Conclusions: The advances in research provided in this work show that it is possible to take advantage of a discard to cultivate microalgae, even improving microalgal productivity for use as food, reducing the costs involved in the microalgal production sector by changing the use of the type of current culture medium (F/2) for that from a current discard. These advances, if scaled and validated, can improve industry sustainability standards within the framework of a circular economy.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas that causes many economic losses in aquaculture ponds. The application of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) to remove hydrogen sulfide is an eco-friendly approach. This study aimed to isolate and identify the most efficient SOBs from the sediment of warm-water fish farms. Enrichment and isolation were performed in three different culture media (Starkey, Postgate, and H-3) based on both mineral and organic carbon. Overall, 27 isolates (14 autotrophic and 13 heterotrophic isolates) were purified based on colony and cell morphology differences. Initial screening was performed based on pH decrease. For final screening, the isolates were assessed based on their efficacy in thiosulfate oxidation and the sulfate production on Starkey liquid medium. Among isolated strains, 3 strains of Iran 2 (FH-13), Iran 3 (FH-21), and Iran 1 (FH-14) that belonged to Thiobacillus thioparus species (identified by 16s rRNA) showed the highest ability in thiosulfate oxidation (413.21, 1362.50, and 4188.03 mg/L for 14 days) and the highest sulfate production (3350, 2075, and 1600 mg/L). In the final phase, the performance of these strains under aquarium conditions showed that Iran 1 and Iran 2 had the highest ability in sulfur oxidation. In conclusion, Iran 1 and 2 strains can be used as effective SOB to remove hydrogen sulfide in fish farms. It is very important to evaluate strains in an appropriate strategy using a combination of different criteria to ensure optimal performance of SOB in farm conditions.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The primary aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the welfare of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) throughout their entire life cycle within aquaculture, spanning from reproduction to slaughter. The methodology was structured to identify welfare indicators closely aligned with the principles of animal freedoms defined by the Farm Animal Council, encompassing environmental, health, nutritional, behavioral, and psychological freedom. Notably, psychological freedom was inherently considered within the behavioral and physical analyses of the animals. To accomplish this, an integrative systematic literature review was conducted to define precise indicators and their corresponding reference values for each stage of tilapia cultivation. These reference values were subsequently categorized using a scoring system that assessed the deviation of each indicator from established ideal (score 1), tolerable (score 2), and critical (score 3) ranges for the welfare of the target species. Subsequently, a laboratory experiment was executed to validate the pre-selected health indicators, specifically tailored for the early life stages of tilapia. This test facilitated an assessment of the applicability of these indicators under operational conditions. Building on the insights gained from this experimentation, partial welfare indices (PWIs) were computed for each assessed freedom, culminating in the derivation of a general welfare index (GWI). Mathematical equations were employed to calculate these indices, offering a quantitative and standardized measure of welfare. This approach equips tilapia farmers and processors with the tools necessary for the continuous monitoring and enhancement of their production systems and stimulate the adoption of more sustainable and ethical practices within the tilapia farming.

RESUMEN

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) elvers (initial body weight (BW) = 3 g) were raised in triplicate for 60 days in a biofloc system (BFT) at 21 °C. Data from the current first study evaluating this farming technology indicated that European eel elvers adapted well to BFT systems as data on growth performance (specific growth rate = 1.48% ± 0.13 BW/day and FCR = 1.05 ± 0.09) indicated, with production costs using BFT being lower than conventional RAS units. The most critical issues associated with this aquaculture system were the maintenance of the biofloc in tanks by the regular addition of refined sugar (46% C) to keep a relationship for C:N of 20:1, and the prevention of emergence of opportunistic pathogens like the monogenean Pseudodactylogyrus sp. The overall results of this study in terms of elvers' performance and quality and the composition of the biofloc material and its microbial composition indicated that BFT, which is considered to be one of the most cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly farming systems due to its zero water exchange and improvement of feed conversion ratio by the dietary contribution of bioflocs, may be satisfactorily used for farming European eels elvers at a density of 2 kg/m3. However, further studies are needed to test this technology with older eel stages.

RESUMEN

The chemoprotection of "buriti" Mauritia flexuosa (inclusion in diet: 0-control group; 1.25; 2.50; 5.00; and 10.00% W/W) to Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PL) exposed to ammonia or nitrite was in-vestigated. Analyzed variables include antioxidant (ACAP) and oxidative damage (TBARS) responses and levels of total carotenoids. The results indicated that there was no significant difference (p >0.05) in zootechnical variables between diets. The PL carotenoid content (R2 = 0.86), ACAP (R2 = 0.78), and TBARS (R2 = 0.91) showed a dose-dependent relationship with the inclusion levels of "buriti"(p <0.05). After 43 days, juvenile shrimps were exposed for 96 h to ammonia (0.48 mg NH3-N L-1) or nitrite (40 mg NO3 L-1). Higher scavenging activity against peroxyl radicals was observed in PL fed with 2.50 and 5.00% of "buriti" (ammonia exposure), or 5.00 and 10.00% (nitrite exposure) of "buriti" inclusion. Content of reduced glutathione was higher in shrimps exposed to ammonia and fed with 10.00% of "buriti". Lipid peroxidation levels were lower in shrimps exposed to ammonia or nitrite and previously fed with inclusion higher than 2.50% of "buriti". The increased scavenging activity and lower lipid peroxidation in ammonia or nitrite-exposed organisms and previously supplemented with "buriti" point to a hormetic response that increases the resilience of L. vannamei to cope with nitroge-nous compounds, pointing to the use of this fruit as a chemoprotectant agent.

Foi avaliada a quimioproteção do "buriti" Mauritia flexuosa (inclusão na dieta: 0-grupo controle; 1,25; 2,50; 5,00; e 10,00% P/P) em pós-larvas (PL) de Litopenaeus vannamei expostas à amônia ou nitrito. As variáveis analisadas incluíram respostas antioxidantes (ACAP) e de dano oxidativo (TBARS) e te-ores de carotenoides totais. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que não houve diferenças significativas (p >0,05) nas variáveis zootécnicas entre as dietas. O conteúdo de carotenoides nas PL (R2 = 0,86), ACAP (R2 = 0,78), e TBARS (R2 = 0,91) mostraram um relação dose-resposta com os níveis de inclusão de "buriti"(p <0,05). Após 43 días, os camarões juvenis foram expostos por 96 h à amônia (0,48 mg NH3-N L-1) ou à nitrito (40 mg NO3 L-1). Uma elevada capacidade antioxidante contra radicais peroxil foi observada em PL alimentadas 2,50 e 5,00% de "buriti" (exposição à amônia), ou 5,00 e 10,00 % (exposição à nitrito) de inclusão de "buriti". O conteúdo de glutationa reduzida foi superior em camarões expostos à amônia e alimentados com 10.00% de "buriti". Os níveis de peroxidação lipídica foram inferiores em camarões expostos à amônia ou nitrito e previamente alimentados com níveis de inclusão de buriti superiores a 2,50%. O aumento de capacidade antioxidante e redução da peroxidação lipídica nos organismos expostos à amônia ou nitrito que previamente foram suplementados com "buriti" sugere uma resposta hormética, incrementando a resiliência de L. vannamei frente a compos-tos nitrogenados, recomendando o uso deste fruto como agente quimioprotetor.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The molecular mechanisms underlying fish tolerance to soybean meal (SBM) remain unclear. Identifying these mechanisms would be beneficial, as this trait favors growth. Two fish replicates from 19 experimental families were fed fishmeal-(100FM) or SBM-based diets supplemented with saponin (50SBM + 2SPN) from juvenile to adult stages. Individuals were selected from families with a genotype-by-environment interaction higher (HG-50SBM + 2SPN, 170 ± 18 mg) or lower (LG-50SBM + 2SPN, 76 ± 10 mg) weight gain on 50SBM + 2SPN for intestinal transcriptomic analysis. A histological evaluation confirmed middle intestinal inflammation in the LG- vs. HG-50SBM + 2SPN group. Enrichment analysis of 665 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified pathways associated with immunity and lipid metabolism. Genes linked to intestinal immunity were downregulated in HG fish (mpx, cxcr3.2, cftr, irg1l, itln2, sgk1, nup61l, il22), likely dampening inflammatory responses. Conversely, genes involved in retinol signaling were upregulated (rbp4, stra6, nr2f5), potentially favoring growth by suppressing insulin responses. Genes associated with lipid metabolism were upregulated, including key components of the SREBP (mbtps1, elov5l, elov6l) and cholesterol catabolism (cyp46a1), as well as the downregulation of cyp7a1. These results strongly suggest that transcriptomic changes in lipid metabolism mediate SBM tolerance. Genotypic variations in DEGs may become biomarkers for improving early selection of fish tolerant to SMB or others plant-based diets.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Organic acids have recently been identified as promising replacements for antibiotics in aquafeeds that promote fish growth and feed efficiency. This study evaluated the inclusion of fumaric acid (FA; 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 g/kg) in diets (350 g/kg CP; 3.4 kcal digestible energy/g) of Nile tilapia juveniles. Fish (average weight 1.7 ± 0.1 g) were distributed in three 40 L aquaria per treatment (13 fish/aquaria) in a completely randomized design. Over 35 days, the fish received the experimental diets three times daily to apparent satiety. The maximum weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and protein efficiency ratio were recorded in fish supplemented with 14-15 g/kg FA. After 28 days, Enterobacteriaceae was registered only in the gut of tilapia without FA augmentation. Gram-negative bacteria in the fish gut decreased (p < 0.05) in fish receiving 17 g/kg of dietary FA, increased after this level. The intestinal villi height and width were affected (p < 0.05) by FA levels and feeding time. Thus, inclusion of 15 g/kg of FA was effective in promoting growth, improving intestinal morphometry, and decreasing negative gut bacteria of Nile tilapia juveniles after 35 days.

RESUMEN

Agroecology-based aquaculture emerges as a particularly interesting production alternative for rural family farmers. In such systems, it is desirable to use means for enhancing the zootechnical performance and improving fish immune responses from natural products. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic diet supplementation with oregano essential oil, Origanum vulgare, on zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and resistance to the ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. A completely randomized design with five treatments (concentrations 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g oregano essential oil kg-1 diet) and four replicates was adopted. Groups of 20 silver catfish juveniles (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.5g) were stocked in 20 polyethylene tanks (54 L usable volume) connected to a water recirculation system with individual aeration. The diets were prepared with certified organic ingredients and offered for 89 days in two meals a day. At the end of the experimental period, survival, zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and fish body composition were evaluated. After the final biometry, an experimental challenge with ich infection was performed. Dietary concentrations of oregano essential oil had no effects on growth, hematology, and body composition of silver catfish juveniles (p > 0.05).

A aquicultura de base agroecológica surge como alternativa de produção especialmente interessante para os agricultores familiares rurais. Em tais sistemas, é desejável a utilização de meios que possibilitem melhorar o desempenho zootécnico e fortalecimento do sistema imune dos peixes, a partir de produtos naturais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito da suplementação de dieta orgânica com óleo essencial de orégano, Origanum vulgare, sobre o desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e resistência ao ectoparasita ictio, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, em juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia sp. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos (concentrações 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g de óleo essencial de orégano kg-1 de dieta) e 4 repetições. Grupos de 20 juvenis de jundiá (peso inicial 12,5±0,5g) foram estocados em 20 tanques de polietileno (54 L volume útil) conectados a um sistema de recirculação de água, com aeração individual. As dietas foram preparadas com ingredientes orgânicos certificados e ofertadas durante 89 dias, em duas refeições diárias. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliados a sobrevivência, desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e composição corporal dos peixes. Após a biometria final, realizou-se o desafio com infestação experimental por ictio. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05) das concentrações de óleo essencial de orégano na dieta sobre o crescimento, hematologia e composição corporal dos juvenis de jundiá. Tampouco foi verificada influência sobre o grau de infestação e mortalidade acumulada dos peixes submetidos ao desafio com ictio.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

No presente experimento verificou-se o efeito da salinidade no desempenho produtivo de diferentes cultivares de alface (Lactuca sativa) em um sistema de aquaponia utilizando a tecnologia de bioflocos. O experimento consistiu de dois sistemas independentes com duas salinidades: 0 ppt (DOCE) e 3 ppt (SAL). Foram estocados juvenis de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) em biomassa relativa de 6,1 kg m-3, e nas bancadas hidropônicas (tipo floating) foram mantidas três variedades de alface: roxa, lisa e crespa, na densidade de 20 plantas m-2. Os parâmetros zootécnicos dos peixes não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos, exceto o índice hepatossomático, que foi mais elevado em 3 ppt (4,35%) quando comparado ao registrado em 0 ppt (3,07%) (P<0,05). De maneira geral, a produtividade das variedades de alface foi superior em água doce (1,21 kg m-2) em relação à água salobra (0,8 kg m-2) (P<0,05). Considerando a maioria dos parâmetros fitotécnicos avaliados, os valores apresentados pela variedade roxa foi superior aos registrados para as variedades lisa e crespa. Já no tocante ao índice de qualidade de plantas (IQP), a variedade roxa em água salobra foi a que apresentou as melhores notas, com folhas mais íntegras e coloração mais intensa. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível integrar a criação de tilápia com a produção de alface roxa em sistemas de aquaponia com tecnologia de bioflocos e baixa salinidade.

This experiment evaluated the effect of salinity on growth performance of different lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa) in an aquaponics system with biofloc technology. The device contained two independent systems with two different salinities 0 ppt and 3 ppt. Were stored, Juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 6.1 kg m-3 and three varieties of lettuce: red leaf, smooth and crisp 20 plants m-2 in the floating system. All fish performance parameters showed no statistical differences, except for the hepatossomatic index, higher in 3 ppt (4.35%) versus (3.07%) in 0 ppt (P<0.05). In general, the productivity of lettuce cultivars were superior in fresh water (1.21 kg m-2) compare to brackish water (0.8 kg m-2) (P<0.05). In most phytotechnical parameters evaluated, the purple variety had better performance than the smooth and crisped varieties. In relation to plant quality index (IQP), purple variety in brackish water had the best score, presenting leafs with higher integrity and intense coloration. The results demonstrated that it is possible to integrate the production of red leaf variety in aquaponics systems with the technology of bioflocs in low salinity.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Agroecology-based aquaculture emerges as a particularly interesting production alternative for rural family farmers. In such systems, it is desirable to use means for enhancing the zootechnical performance and improving fish immune responses from natural products. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic diet supplementation with oregano essential oil, Origanum vulgare, on zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and resistance to the ectoparasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (ich) in silver catfish juveniles, Rhamdia sp. A completely randomized design with five treatments (concentrations 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g oregano essential oil kg-1 diet) and four replicates was adopted. Groups of 20 silver catfish juveniles (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.5g) were stocked in 20 polyethylene tanks (54 L usable volume) connected to a water recirculation system with individual aeration. The diets were prepared with certified organic ingredients and offered for 89 days in two meals a day. At the end of the experimental period, survival, zootechnical performance, hematological parameters, and fish body composition were evaluated. After the final biometry, an experimental challenge with ich infection was performed. Dietary concentrations of oregano essential oil had no effects on growth, hematology, and body composition of silver catfish juveniles (p > 0.05).(AU)

A aquicultura de base agroecológica surge como alternativa de produção especialmente interessante para os agricultores familiares rurais. Em tais sistemas, é desejável a utilização de meios que possibilitem melhorar o desempenho zootécnico e fortalecimento do sistema imune dos peixes, a partir de produtos naturais. Neste sentido, objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o efeito da suplementação de dieta orgânica com óleo essencial de orégano, Origanum vulgare, sobre o desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e resistência ao ectoparasita ictio, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, em juvenis de jundiá, Rhamdia sp. Foi adotado um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com 5 tratamentos (concentrações 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g de óleo essencial de orégano kg-1 de dieta) e 4 repetições. Grupos de 20 juvenis de jundiá (peso inicial 12,5±0,5g) foram estocados em 20 tanques de polietileno (54 L volume útil) conectados a um sistema de recirculação de água, com aeração individual. As dietas foram preparadas com ingredientes orgânicos certificados e ofertadas durante 89 dias, em duas refeições diárias. Ao final do período experimental, foram avaliados a sobrevivência, desempenho zootécnico, parâmetros hematológicos e composição corporal dos peixes. Após a biometria final, realizou-se o desafio com infestação experimental por ictio. Não houve efeito (p > 0,05) das concentrações de óleo essencial de orégano na dieta sobre o crescimento, hematologia e composição corporal dos juvenis de jundiá. Tampouco foi verificada influência sobre o grau de infestação e mortalidade acumulada dos peixes submetidos ao desafio com ictio.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

No presente experimento verificou-se o efeito da salinidade no desempenho produtivo de diferentes cultivares de alface (Lactuca sativa) em um sistema de aquaponia utilizando a tecnologia de bioflocos. O experimento consistiu de dois sistemas independentes com duas salinidades: 0 ppt (DOCE) e 3 ppt (SAL). Foram estocados juvenis de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) em biomassa relativa de 6,1 kg m-3, e nas bancadas hidropônicas (tipo floating) foram mantidas três variedades de alface: roxa, lisa e crespa, na densidade de 20 plantas m-2. Os parâmetros zootécnicos dos peixes não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os tratamentos, exceto o índice hepatossomático, que foi mais elevado em 3 ppt (4,35%) quando comparado ao registrado em 0 ppt (3,07%) (P<0,05). De maneira geral, a produtividade das variedades de alface foi superior em água doce (1,21 kg m-2) em relação à água salobra (0,8 kg m-2) (P<0,05). Considerando a maioria dos parâmetros fitotécnicos avaliados, os valores apresentados pela variedade roxa foi superior aos registrados para as variedades lisa e crespa. Já no tocante ao índice de qualidade de plantas (IQP), a variedade roxa em água salobra foi a que apresentou as melhores notas, com folhas mais íntegras e coloração mais intensa. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível integrar a criação de tilápia com a produção de alface roxa em sistemas de aquaponia com tecnologia de bioflocos e baixa salinidade.(AU)

This experiment evaluated the effect of salinity on growth performance of different lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa) in an aquaponics system with biofloc technology. The device contained two independent systems with two different salinities 0 ppt and 3 ppt. Were stored, Juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) 6.1 kg m-3 and three varieties of lettuce: red leaf, smooth and crisp 20 plants m-2 in the floating system. All fish performance parameters showed no statistical differences, except for the hepatossomatic index, higher in 3 ppt (4.35%) versus (3.07%) in 0 ppt (P<0.05). In general, the productivity of lettuce cultivars were superior in fresh water (1.21 kg m-2) compare to brackish water (0.8 kg m-2) (P<0.05). In most phytotechnical parameters evaluated, the purple variety had better performance than the smooth and crisped varieties. In relation to plant quality index (IQP), purple variety in brackish water had the best score, presenting leafs with higher integrity and intense coloration. The results demonstrated that it is possible to integrate the production of red leaf variety in aquaponics systems with the technology of bioflocs in low salinity.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade do fósforo em dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas contendo 28 por cento de proteína bruta e 3000kcal de ED/kg com porcentagens de 0,8 e 1,2 por cento de fósforo total para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para o fósforo total, ortofosfato, DBO5 e condutividade. A digestibilidade das dietas foi de 75,3 por cento para os peixes alimentados com 0,8 por cento de fósforo total e de 77,5 por cento para os alimentados com 1,2 por cento de fósforo total. As taxas de eficiência da absorção do fósforo foram de 74,8 por cento e 76,3 por cento para as tilápias alimentadas com 0,8 por cento e 1,2 por cento de fósforo, respectivamente. O aumento do percentual de 0,4 por cento de fósforo na dieta levou ao acréscimo de 55 por cento de fósforo na água. Dessa forma, a utilização de valores abaixo de 0,8 por cento de fósforo total é uma estratégia que auxilia na redução do impacto causado pelos efluentes oriundos da criação de peixes, sem comprometer a eficiência do aproveitamento das dietas pelas tilápias.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of phosphorus in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 28 percent crude protein and 3000kcal DE/kg at different levels of total phosphorus, 0.8 percent and 1.2 percent, in Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus). The water quality parameters presented significant differences (P<0.5) for total phosphorus, orthophosphate, BOD5 and conductivity. The digestibility of diets was 75.3 percent for fish fed 0.8 percent total phosphorus and 77.5 percent for treatment with 1.2 percent total phosphorus. It was observed that the efficiency rate in phosphorus absorption among the treatments was 74.3 and 76.3 percent for tilapia fed 0.8 percent and 1.2 percent phosphorus, respectively. It can be concluded that a percentage increase of 0.4 percent phosphorus in tilapia diets contributes to the increase of 55 percent of phosphorus in water and the lower phosphorus input in the diet can be a nutritional strategy to be practiced. Thus, it will help to reduce the impact caused by effluents from fish farming, without lowering the efficiency of tilapia diet utilization.

RESUMEN

Avaliou-se a digestibilidade do fósforo em dietas isoproteicas e isoenergéticas contendo 28 por cento de proteína bruta e 3000kcal de ED/kg com porcentagens de 0,8 e 1,2 por cento de fósforo total para juvenis de tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05) para o fósforo total, ortofosfato, DBO5 e condutividade. A digestibilidade das dietas foi de 75,3 por cento para os peixes alimentados com 0,8 por cento de fósforo total e de 77,5 por cento para os alimentados com 1,2 por cento de fósforo total. As taxas de eficiência da absorção do fósforo foram de 74,8 por cento e 76,3 por cento para as tilápias alimentadas com 0,8 por cento e 1,2 por cento de fósforo, respectivamente. O aumento do percentual de 0,4 por cento de fósforo na dieta levou ao acréscimo de 55 por cento de fósforo na água. Dessa forma, a utilização de valores abaixo de 0,8 por cento de fósforo total é uma estratégia que auxilia na redução do impacto causado pelos efluentes oriundos da criação de peixes, sem comprometer a eficiência do aproveitamento das dietas pelas tilápias.(AU)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestibility of phosphorus in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 28 percent crude protein and 3000kcal DE/kg at different levels of total phosphorus, 0.8 percent and 1.2 percent, in Nile tilapia juveniles (Oreochromis niloticus). The water quality parameters presented significant differences (P<0.5) for total phosphorus, orthophosphate, BOD5 and conductivity. The digestibility of diets was 75.3 percent for fish fed 0.8 percent total phosphorus and 77.5 percent for treatment with 1.2 percent total phosphorus. It was observed that the efficiency rate in phosphorus absorption among the treatments was 74.3 and 76.3 percent for tilapia fed 0.8 percent and 1.2 percent phosphorus, respectively. It can be concluded that a percentage increase of 0.4 percent phosphorus in tilapia diets contributes to the increase of 55 percent of phosphorus in water and the lower phosphorus input in the diet can be a nutritional strategy to be practiced. Thus, it will help to reduce the impact caused by effluents from fish farming, without lowering the efficiency of tilapia diet utilization.(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The intense production of fishes and the use of water resources can compromise the quality and the availability of water, besides its affects in the environment carrying capacity, causing eutrophization and consequently water pollution. Therefore the objective of this study was to monitor the physical-chemical water variables and to measure the total phosphorus (total-P) in sediment, feed and fish in cage culture on an aquaculture area situated at the Itaipu reservoir in Santa Helena Parana state, observing the water quality and determining the total eutrophic level on the aquaculture area, in addition to analyze the total-P bioaccumulation in fish and sediment. The physical-chemical water variables presented normal values as indicated from CONAMA. The mean concentration of total-P for the aquaculture area was 28.41 IET and Secchi disc transparency of 2.74 m, giving it an oligotrophic classification. There was a correlation of 0.55 (p

A intensa produção de peixes e uso dos recursos hídricos pode comprometer a qualidade e disponibilidade da água, além de afetar a capacidade de suporte do ambiente, causando eutrofização e conseqüentemente a poluição do mesmo. Realizou-se um estudo das variáveis físico-químicas da água e dos teores de fósforo total (P-total) no sedimento, rações e peixes cultivados em tanques-rede em uma área aqüícola localizada no reservatório da Itaipu, no município de Santa Helena PR, objetivando monitorar a qualidade da água e determinar o índice de eutrofização total da área de cultivo, além de analisar a bioacumulação de P-total nos peixes e sedimento. As variáveis físico-químicas da água mantiveram valores normais indicados pelo CONAMA. A concentração média de P-total na área aqüícola foi de 28,41 IET e com transparência por disco de Secchi de 2,74 m, enquadrando o ambiente como oligotrófico. Houve correlação de 0,55 (p

RESUMEN

The intense production of fishes and the use of water resources can compromise the quality and the availability of water, besides its affects in the environment carrying capacity, causing eutrophization and consequently water pollution. Therefore the objective of this study was to monitor the physical-chemical water variables and to measure the total phosphorus (total-P) in sediment, feed and fish in cage culture on an aquaculture area situated at the Itaipu reservoir in Santa Helena Parana state, observing the water quality and determining the total eutrophic level on the aquaculture area, in addition to analyze the total-P bioaccumulation in fish and sediment. The physical-chemical water variables presented normal values as indicated from CONAMA. The mean concentration of total-P for the aquaculture area was 28.41 IET and Secchi disc transparency of 2.74 m, giving it an oligotrophic classification. There was a correlation of 0.55 (p

A intensa produção de peixes e uso dos recursos hídricos pode comprometer a qualidade e disponibilidade da água, além de afetar a capacidade de suporte do ambiente, causando eutrofização e conseqüentemente a poluição do mesmo. Realizou-se um estudo das variáveis físico-químicas da água e dos teores de fósforo total (P-total) no sedimento, rações e peixes cultivados em tanques-rede em uma área aqüícola localizada no reservatório da Itaipu, no município de Santa Helena PR, objetivando monitorar a qualidade da água e determinar o índice de eutrofização total da área de cultivo, além de analisar a bioacumulação de P-total nos peixes e sedimento. As variáveis físico-químicas da água mantiveram valores normais indicados pelo CONAMA. A concentração média de P-total na área aqüícola foi de 28,41 IET e com transparência por disco de Secchi de 2,74 m, enquadrando o ambiente como oligotrófico. Houve correlação de 0,55 (p