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Objetivo: analisar a relação entre apoio social e qualidade do sono de pessoas idosas que cuidam de outros idosos em ambiente de vulnerabilidade social. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 65 cuidadores entrevistados por meio de instrumento de caracterização, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh e Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study, com dados analisados com testes de comparação e de correlação. Resultados: a maioria eram mulheres, cônjuges do idoso cuidado e possuíam sono de má qualidade. Observou-se correlação fraca e inversa entre má qualidade do sono e a dimensão interação social positiva (Rho=-0,27; p=0,028). Identificou-se relação significativa entre: apoio material e disfunção diurna (p=0,034); apoio afetivo e eficiência do sono (p=0,026); interação social positiva e qualidade subjetiva do sono (p=0,001) e disfunção diurna (p=0,008). Conclusão: Quanto maior a interação social positiva, melhor é a qualidade do sono.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between social support and sleep quality of elderly individuals who care for other elderly individuals in a socially vulnerable environment. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with 65 caregivers interviewed using a characterization instrument, Katz Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, with data analyzed using comparison and correlation tests. Results: the majority were women, spouses of the elderly being cared for, and had poor sleep quality. A weak and inverse correlation was observed between poor sleep quality and the positive social interaction dimension (Rho=-0.27; p=0.028). Significant relationships were identified between: material support and daytime dysfunction (p=0.034); emotional support and sleep efficiency (p=0.026); positive social interaction and subjective sleep quality (p=0.001), as well as daytime dysfunction (p=0.008). Conclusion: The higher the positive social interaction, the better the sleep quality.

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el apoyo social y la calidad del sueño de personas mayores que cuidan de otras personas mayores en entornos socialmente vulnerables. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 65 cuidadores entrevistados mediante un instrumento de caracterización, Índice de Katz, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh y Escala de Apoyo Social del Medical Outcomes Study, los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de comparación y correlación. Resultados: la mayoría eran mujeres, cónyuges del adulto mayor que recibe el cuidado y tenían mala calidad del sueño. Se observó una correlación débil e inversa entre la mala calidad del sueño y la dimensión de interacción social positiva (Rho=-0,27; p=0,028). Se identificó que había relación significativa entre: apoyo material y disfunción diurna (p=0,034); apoyo afectivo y eficiencia del sueño (p=0,026); interacción social positiva y calidad subjetiva del sueño (p=0,001) y disfunción diurna (p=0,008). Conclusión: Cuanto mayor sea la interacción social positiva, mejor será la calidad del sueño.

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Introducción: La Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (AOS) es un problema de salud pública en Latinoamérica; una región que es heterogénea, con recursos diferentes y sistemas de salud diversos. El objetivo fue describir la información recabada por el Foro Latino-americano de Sociedades Respiratorias sobre el acceso y cobertura para los estudios diagnósticos y tratamiento con CPAP de los pacientes con AOS. Material y Métodos: A través de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax (ALAT), se envió una encuesta a todas las sociedades miembros con preguntas sobre el acceso a diagnóstico, tratamiento y cobertura de seguros privados. Resultados: El foro contó con 15 países. Se reportó la existencia de 396 unidades formales de sueño, 82% privadas y 18% públicas; en 12 países el sistema de salud público (SSP) contrata unidades privadas para otorgar servicios. En todos los países se realiza tanto polisomnografía como poligrafía respiratoria para el diagnóstico. En 8 (53%) países, el SSP cubre el tratamiento con CPAP de la AOS (en Argentina, Guatemala y México esta cobertura es parcial); los seguros privados cubren AOS en 7/15 países. Conclusiones: En Latinoamérica, existen pocas unidades formales de sueño y la mayoría son privadas. Cerca de la mitad de los sistemas de salud pública no cubren su tratamiento y, en la mayoría de los casos, los seguros privados no ofrecen cobertura. Esto deja a nuestra población vulnerable a las complicaciones de la AOS, con un concomitante aumento de la morbimortalidad y costos en salud.

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a public health problem in Latin America, which is a heterogeneous region, with different resources and diverse health systems. The objective was to describe the information collected by the Latin American Forum of Respiratory Societies on access and coverage for diagnostic studies and CPAP treatment of patients with OSA. Methods: Through the Latin American Thorax Association (ALAT, Spanish acronym), a survey was sent to all member societies with questions about access to diagnosis, treatment, and private insurance coverage. Results: The forum included 15 countries. The existence of 396 sleep medicine units was reported, 82% private and 18% public; in 12/15 countries the public health system (PHS) contracts private units to provide services. In all countries, both polysomnography and respiratory polygraphy are performed to make the diagnosis. In only 8 (53%) countries the PHS covers the treatment of OSA (in Argentina, Guatemala and Mexico this coverage is partial); private insurance coverage is in 7/15 countries.Conclusions: In Latin America there are few formal sleep units and most are private. About half of public health systems do not cover their treatment and, in most cases, private insurance does not offer coverage. This leaves our population vulnerable to the complications of OSA, with a concomitant increase in morbidity, mortality and health costs.

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La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una condición común en adultos en edad laboral. Incluso, en la actualidad, vemos cómo la edad de retiro se ha ido prolongando de tal manera que adultos mayores, quienes tienen mayor prevalencia de AOS, continúan trabajando incluso en situaciones de alto riesgo de siniestralidad. Uno de los principales síntomas de la AOS es la somnolencia diurna que puede contri- buir de manera directa al riesgo de accidentabilidad, compromiso cognitivo y desem- peño laboral. También se ha demostrado cómo la reducción de la materia gris a nivel cerebral y cerebelar provoca alteraciones en coordinación y capacidad de conducción. El tratamiento con dispositivos de presión positiva mejora el desempeño laboral y redu- ce la incidencia de accidentes de tránsito, pero algunos déficits cognitivos pueden per- sistir incluso después de meses de tratamiento. La evaluación del riesgo de accidentabilidad en conductores es un desafío y los cues- tionarios actuales no son adecuados para el cribado. Los simuladores de conducción y las pruebas de alerta son más prometedores. El futuro de la investigación se centra en estandarizar los resultados de los simulado- res, determinar los mejores predictores de eventos reales y utilizar la inteligencia arti- ficial y los automóviles autónomos para reducir los riesgos relacionados con la somno - lencia al volante. Es necesario que la posición de los entes gubernamentales de nuestros países latinoa- mericanos sea proactiva y orientada a la protección de la salud y la seguridad de la po- blación.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition among working-age adults. In today's context, we observe that the retirement age has been extended, with older adults, who have a higher prevalence of OSA, continuing to work even in high-risk situations. One of the main symptoms of OSA is daytime sleepiness, which can directly contribu- te to the risk of accidents, cognitive impairment and reduced work performance. It has also been demonstrated that the reduction of gray matter in the brain, especially in the cerebellum, can lead to coordination and driving capacity impairments. Treatment with positive pressure devices improves work performance and reduces the incidence of traffic accidents, but some cognitive deficits may persist even after months of treatment. Assessing the risk of accidents in drivers is a challenge, and current questionnaires are not suitable for screening. Driving simulators and alertness tests show more promise. The future of research is focused on standardizing simulator outcomes, identifying the best predictors of real-world events, and utilizing artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicles to mitigate risks associated with driver drowsiness. It is imperative that the stance of government entities in our Latin American countries is proactive and aimed at safeguarding the health and safety of the population.

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Objective: This study investigated the impact of war exposure on post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and sleep disturbance across Ukraine. Subjective and objective indicators of war exposure were modelled as predictors of these symptoms.Methods: We created two predictors: first, we used governmental and crowd-sourced data to create an objective war exposure index for each of the 21 non-occupied regions of Ukraine, based on the number of air raid alarms, explosions, and proximity to frontline; and second, we obtained self-report cross-sectional data, using convenience sampling, from a nation-wide survey (N = 991) on subjective experience of threat triggered by the war. The survey also measured the outcome variables of PTSS and sleep disturbance. Hierarchical multilevel regressions modelled the relationship of this objective war exposure index with the two outcome variables, after accounting for demographics. A final regression step modelled subjective threat as predictor of these symptoms.Results: We observed strongly elevated levels of PTSS and sleep disturbance and strong regional differences in objective and subjective war indicators. Objective war exposure predicted PTSS but not sleep disturbance, whereas subjective threat predicted both symptom domains.Conclusion: The study demonstrates the utility of objective war exposure data for predicting the prevalence of PTSS in the different regions. The results further underscore the prominent role of subjective appraisal processes in the symptomatology of PTSS and sleep disturbance, thus informing theories on trauma-related disorders. Our results can guide the allocation of mental health services by identifying highly affected regions.

Objective data on air raid alarms and explosions have been prospectively collected in Ukraine.We related those objective data to symptom reports of 991 responders in most Ukraine regions.Objective data explained symptoms of post-traumatic stress but not sleep disturbance.

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SUMMARY: To diagnose obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), polysomnography is used, an expensive and extensive study requiring the patient to sleep in a laboratory. OSAS has been associated with features of facial morphology, and a preliminary diagnosis could be made using an artificial intelligence (AI) predictive model. This study aimed to analyze, using a scoping review, the AI-based technological options applied to diagnosing OSAS and the parameters evaluated in such analyses on craniofacial structures. A systematic search of the literature was carried out up to February 2024, and, using inclusion and exclusion criteria, the studies to be analyzed were determined. Titles and abstracts were independently selected by two researchers. Fourteen studies were selected, including a total of 13,293 subjects analyzed. The age of the sample ranged from 18 to 90 years. 9,912 (74.56 %) subjects were male, and 3,381 (25.43 %) were female. The included studies presented a diagnosis of OSAS by polysomnography; seven presented a control group of subjects without OSAS and another group with OSAS. The remaining studies presented OSAS groups in relation to their severity. All studies had a mean accuracy of 80 % in predicting OSAS using variables such as age, gender, measurements, and/or imaging measurements. There are no tests before diagnosis by polysomnography to guide the user in the likely presence of OSAS. In this sense, there are risk factors for developing OSA linked to facial shape, obesity, age, and other conditions, which, together with the advances in AI for diagnosis and guidance in OSAS, could be used for early detection.

Para diagnosticar el Síndrome Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño (SAOS) se utiliza la polisomnografía, el cual es un costoso y extenso estudio que exige que el paciente duerma en un laboratorio. El SAOS ha sido asociado con características de la morfología facial y mediante un modelo predictivo de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), se podría realizar un diagnóstico preliminar. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar por medio de una revisión de alcance, las opciones tecnológicas basadas en IA aplicadas al diagnóstico del SAOS, y los parámetros evaluados en dichos análisis en las estructuras craneofaciales. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura hasta febrero del 2024 y mediante criterios de inclusión y exclusión se determino los estudios a analizar. Los títulos y resúmenes fueron seleccionados de forma independiente por dos investigadores. Se seleccionaron 14 estudios, incluyeron un total de 13.293 sujetos analizados. El rango edad de la muestra oscilo entre 18 y 90 años. 9.912 (74.56 %) sujetos eran de sexo masculino y 3.381 (25,43 %) eran de sexo femenino. Los estudios incluidos presentaron diagnóstico de SAOS mediante polisomnografía, siete estudios presentaron un grupo control de sujetos con ausencia de SAOS y otro grupo con presencia de SAOS. Mientras que los demás estudios, presentaron grupos de SAOS en relación con su severidad. Todos los estudios tuvieron una precisión media del 80 % en la predicción de SAOS utilizando variables como la edad, el género, mediciones y/o mediciones imagenológicas. no existen exámenes previos al diagnóstico por polisomnografía que permitan orientar al usuario en la probable presencia de SAOS. En este sentido, existen factores de riesgo para desarrollar SAOS vinculados a la forma facial, la obesidad, la edad y otras condiciones, que sumados a los avances con IA para diagnóstico y orientación en SAOS podrían ser utilizados para la detección precoz del mismo.

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La calidad del sueño en los estudiantes es un factor esencial que influye en el correcto desarrollo de los procesos cognitivos del aprendizaje, así como en la calidad de vida y la salud mental y física de los futuros profesionales. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre la ansiedad, la depresión y la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano de Puno. Materiales y métodos: estudio de tipo observacional de cohorte transversal con la participación de 78 estudiantes, con edad promedio de 22.63±2.87 años, con una distribución de género de 32 varones (41,0 %) y 46 mujeres (59,0 %). Se utilizó la escala de valoración de Hamilton para la evaluación de la ansiedad y la depresión, con una consistencia interna de α = 0,88 y 0,86, respectivamente y el cuestionario de Pittsburgh para medir el índice de calidad del sueño (α = 0,87). Resultados: en el modelo predictivo los coeficientes estandarizados ß señalan que la ansiedad psíquica (ß = -,870; p<0,001), la depresión (ß = ,119; p<0,05) y el desarrollo de prácticas clínicas (ß = -0,019; p<0,05) fueron los factores que más contribuyeron significativamente al índice de calidad del sueño de los estudiantes. Conclusión: estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de abordar los problemas del sueño como parte integral del tratamiento de la ansiedad y la depresión, además de resaltar la necesidad de tener en cuenta la salud mental en la evaluación y el manejo de los trastornos del sueño

The quality of sleep-in students is an essential factor that influences the correct development of cognitive learning processes, as well as the quality of life and the mental and physical health of future professionals. Objective: to evaluate the relationship between anxiety, depression and sleep quality in students of the Dentistry program at the National University of the Altiplano of Puno. Materials and methods: observational cross-sectional cohort study with the participation of 78 students, with an average age of 22.63±2.87 years, with a gender distribution of 32 men (41.0%) and 46 women (59.0%). The Hamilton rating scale was used to evaluate anxiety and depression, with an internal consistency of α = 0.88 and 0.86, respectively, and the Pittsburgh questionnaire was used to measure the sleep quality index (α = 0.87). Results: in the predictive model, the standardized ß coefficients indicate that psychological anxiety (ß = -.870; p<0.001), depression (ß = .119; p<0.05) and the development of clinical practices (ß = -0.019; p<0.05) were the factors that contributed most significantly to the students' sleep quality index. Conclusion: these findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep problems as an integral part of the treatment of anxiety and depression, as well as highlighting the need to consider mental health in the assessment and management of sleep disorders

A qualidade do sono dos estudantes é um fator essencial que influencia o correto desenvolvimento dos processos de aprendizagem cognitiva, bem como a qualidade de vida e a saúde mental e física dos futuros profissionais. Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre ansiedade, depressão e qualidade do sono em estudantes do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional do Altiplano de Puno. Materiais e métodos: estudo de coorte transversal observacional com a participação de 78 estudantes, com idade média de 22,63±2,87 anos, com distribuição por género de 32 homens (41,0%) e 46 mulheres (59,0%). A escala de avaliação de Hamilton foi utilizada para avaliar ansiedade e depressão, com consistência interna de α = 0,88 e 0,86, respectivamente, e o questionário de Pittsburgh foi utilizado para mensurar o índice de qualidade do sono (α = 0,87). Resultados: no modelo preditivo, os coeficientes ß padronizados indicam que a ansiedade psicológica (ß = -0,870; p<0,001), a depressão (ß = 0,119; p<0,05) e o desenvolvimento de práticas clínicas (ß = -0,019; p<0,05) foram os fatores que mais contribuíram significativamente para o índice de qualidade do sono dos estudantes. Conclusão: estas descobertas sublinham a importância de abordar os problemas do sono como parte integrante do tratamento da ansiedade e da depressão, bem como realçam a necessidade de considerar a saúde mental na avaliação e gestão dos distúrbios do sono

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Los estudiantes universitarios están propensos a sufrir alteraciones en el sueño como la somnolencia diurna, lo cual tiene repercusión directa en su calidad de vida y desempeño diario. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la calidad de sueño y somnolencia diurna en estudiantes de la Universidad nombre, en Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Se consideró el enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, con la aplicación de los instrumentos de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y la escala de somnolencia Epworth. La población fue de 446 estudiantes y se obtuvo una muestra de 220 estudiantes universitarios, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados. Se presentan severos problemas en relación a la calidad del sueño en un 60,9 %; así como en la calidad subjetiva del sueño en un 49,5 %, duración del sueño en un 54,5 %, uso de medicación hipnótica en un 56,8 %, disfunción diurna 50,5 %; y la latencia del sueño, eficiencia de sueño habitual y alteraciones del sueño en un 57,7 %. Entre tanto, la somnolencia diurna fue alta en un 58,6 %. Conclusiones. Existe relación positiva y significativa entre la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna en los alumnos de la Universidad nombre, alcanzando una ρ = 0.000 (ρ < 0.05); del mismo modo se encontró relación significativa en cada una de las dimensiones de la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna; de lo que se interpreta que la calidad del sueño de problemas de nivel leve, la somnolencia diurna se encuentra en niveles bajos en los universitarios.

University students are prone to sleep disturbances such as daytime sleepiness, which has a direct impact on their quality of life and daily performance. Objective. Determine the relationship between sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in students at the Universidad Nombre, in Peru. Materials and methods. The quantitative approach was considered, with a non-experimental design, with the application of the Pittsburgh sleep quality instruments and the Epworth sleepiness scale. The population was 446 students and a sample of 220 university students was obtained, through non-probabilistic sampling. Results. There are severe problems in relation to sleep quality in 60.9 %; as well as in the subjective quality of sleep in 49.5 %, duration of sleep in 54.5 %, use of hypnotic medication in 56.8 %, daytime dysfunction 50.5 %; and sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances by 57.7 %. Meanwhile, daytime sleepiness was high at 58.6 %. Conclusions. There is a positive and significant relationship between sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in the students of the Name University, reaching ρ = 0.000 (ρ < 0.05); Likewise, a significant relationship was found in each of the dimensions of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness; from which it is interpreted that the quality of sleep has mild problems, daytime sleepiness is at low levels in university students.

Os estudantes universitários são propensos a distúrbios do sono, como a sonolência diurna, o que tem impacto direto na sua qualidade de vida e no desempenho diário. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna em estudantes da Universidad Nombre, no Peru. Materiais e métodos. Considerou-se a abordagem quantitativa, com desenho não experimental, com aplicação dos instrumentos de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh e da escala de sonolência de Epworth. A população foi de 446 estudantes e obteve-se uma amostra de 220 estudantes universitários, através de amostragem não probabilística. Resultados. Existem problemas graves em relação à qualidade do sono em 60,9 %; bem como na qualidade subjetiva do sono em 49,5 %, duração do sono em 54,5 %, uso de medicação hipnótica em 56,8 %, disfunção diurna 50,5 %; e latência do sono, eficiência habitual do sono e distúrbios do sono em 57,7 %. Enquanto isso, a sonolência diurna foi elevada, 58,6 %. Conclusões. Existe uma relação positiva e significativa entre a qualidade do sono e a sonolência diurna nos estudantes da Universidade do Nome, atingindo ρ = 0,000 (ρ <, 05); Da mesma forma, foi encontrada relação significativa em cada uma das dimensões da qualidade do sono e da sonolência diurna; a partir do qual se interpreta que a qualidade do sono apresenta problemas leves, a sonolência diurna é baixa em estudantes universitários.

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Los estudiantes universitarios están propensos a sufrir alteraciones en el sueño como la somnolencia diurna, lo cual tiene repercusión directa en su calidad de vida y desempeño diario. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre la calidad de sueño y somnolencia diurna en estudiantes de la Universidad nombre, en Perú. Materiales y Métodos. Se consideró el enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, con la aplicación de los instrumentos de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh y la escala de somnolencia Epworth. La población fue de 446 estudiantes y se obtuvo una muestra de 220 estudiantes universitarios, mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados. Se presentan severos problemas en relación a la calidad del sueño en un 60,9 %; así como en la calidad subjetiva del sueño en un 49,5 %, duración del sueño en un 54,5 %, uso de medicación hipnótica en un 56,8 %, disfunción diurna 50,5 %; y la latencia del sueño, eficiencia de sueño habitual y alteraciones del sueño en un 57,7 %. Entre tanto, la somnolencia diurna fue alta en un 58,6 %. Conclusiones. Existe relación positiva y significativa entre la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna en los alumnos de la Universidad nombre, alcanzando una ρ = 0.000 (ρ < 0.05); del mismo modo se encontró relación significativa en cada una de las dimensiones de la calidad del sueño y la somnolencia diurna; de lo que se interpreta que la calidad del sueño de problemas de nivel leve, la somnolencia diurna se encuentra en niveles bajos en los universitarios.

University students are prone to sleep disturbances such as daytime sleepiness, which has a direct impact on their quality of life and daily performance. Objective. Determine the relationship between sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in students at the Universidad Nombre, in Peru. Materials and methods. The quantitative approach was considered, with a non-experimental design, with the application of the Pittsburgh sleep quality instruments and the Epworth sleepiness scale. The population was 446 students and a sample of 220 university students was obtained, through non-probabilistic sampling. Results. There are severe problems in relation to sleep quality in 60.9 %; as well as in the subjective quality of sleep in 49.5 %, duration of sleep in 54.5 %, use of hypnotic medication in 56.8 %, daytime dysfunction 50.5 %; and sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disturbances by 57.7 %. Meanwhile, daytime sleepiness was high at 58.6 %. Conclusions. There is a positive and significant relationship between sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in the students of the Name University, reaching ρ = 0.000 (ρ < 0.05); Likewise, a significant relationship was found in each of the dimensions of sleep quality and daytime sleepiness; from which it is interpreted that the quality of sleep has mild problems, daytime sleepiness is at low levels in university students.

Os estudantes universitários são propensos a distúrbios do sono, como a sonolência diurna, o que tem impacto direto na sua qualidade de vida e no desempenho diário. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna em estudantes da Universidad Nombre, no Peru. Materiais e métodos. Considerou-se a abordagem quantitativa, com desenho não experimental, com aplicação dos instrumentos de qualidade do sono de Pittsburgh e da escala de sonolência de Epworth. A população foi de 446 estudantes e obteve-se uma amostra de 220 estudantes universitários, através de amostragem não probabilística. Resultados. Existem problemas graves em relação à qualidade do sono em 60,9 %; bem como na qualidade subjetiva do sono em 49,5 %, duração do sono em 54,5 %, uso de medicação hipnótica em 56,8 %, disfunção diurna 50,5 %; e latência do sono, eficiência habitual do sono e distúrbios do sono em 57,7 %. Enquanto isso, a sonolência diurna foi elevada, 58,6 %. Conclusões. Existe uma relação positiva e significativa entre a qualidade do sono e a sonolência diurna nos estudantes da Universidade do Nome, atingindo ρ = 0,000 (ρ < 0,05); Da mesma forma, foi encontrada relação significativa em cada uma das dimensões da qualidade do sono e da sonolência diurna; a partir do qual se interpreta que a qualidade do sono apresenta problemas leves, a sonolência diurna é baixa em estudantes universitários.

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Introduction: Background: this study aimed to assess how the COVID-19 lockdown (March to June 2020) affected children's sleep quality, physical activity, screen time, and nutrition. Material and methods: the survey consisted of 479 children from the SENDO project, a pediatric cohort in Spain, aged 4-5 years. The BEAR questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality. Hierarchical models with two-level clustering were used to account for intra-cluster correlation between siblings, and the difference regression method was used to study the association between changes in screen consumption and physical activity and changes in sleep quality. Results: the results showed an increase in the consumption of homemade pastries and snacks. Sleep quality worsened significantly during confinement, with a mean score on the BEAR scale of 0.52 before, 1.43 during, and 1.07 after confinement. Although sleep quality improved significantly after the end of confinement, it remained worse than before. The average daily screen time increased from 1.13 hours before confinement to 2.65 hours during confinement. Physical activity decreased during confinement, with the mean number of hours per day decreasing from 1.27 to 0.79. Children who spent more time on screens during confinement had worse sleep quality, as indicated by their higher scores on the BEAR scale. We used the difference regression method to identify a statistically significant association between the increased screen time for leisure hours and the worsening of children's sleep quality during confinement. Conclusion: we observed a significant relationship between confinement and reduced sleep quality. Although the end of the lockdown led to a slight improvement, the average BEAR scale score remained higher post-confinement, suggesting that the consequences of the lockdown may persist over time.

Introducción: Introducción: el objetivo del estudio es evaluar el impacto del confinamiento por COVID-19 (marzo-junio 2020) en la calidad de sueño, actividad física, tiempo de pantallas y alimentación de los niños. Material y métodos: los participantes son 479 niños del proyecto SENDO. Los criterios de inclusión en el Proyecto fueron niños de 4-5 años, residentes en España, con un seguimiento periódico por medio de cuestionarios. Se utilizó el cuestionario BEAR para valorar la calidad del sueño. Se utilizaron modelos jerárquicos teniendo en cuenta la correlación entre hermanos, método de regresión de diferencias y la regresión lineal múltiple. Resultados: se objetiva un aumento de consumo de bollería casera y snacks. La puntuación media de la escala BEAR fue de 0,52; 1,43; y 1,07 antes, durante y después del confinamiento, respectivamente, por lo que la calidad de sueño empeoró significativamente durante el confinamiento y mejoró tras el fin, pero persistiendo peor que previo al mismo. El tiempo medio de pantallas por ocio al día es de 1,13 horas previo al confinamiento, con aumento significativo durante el mismo a 2,65. La media de horas al día de actividad física previo al confinamiento es de 1,27 descendiendo a 0,79 durante el mismo. Los niños que se encuentran en el tercil superior de consumo de pantallas tienen significativamente (p < 0,05) mayor puntuación en la escala BEAR (peor calidad de sueño). Observamos una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el aumento de exposición a pantallas y el empeoramiento de la calidad de sueño. Conclusiones: el periodo de confinamiento se asoció a una disminución de la actividad física, un mayor tiempo de consumo con pantallas y una peor calidad del sueño. La peor calidad del sueño persistió al acabar ese periodo, confirmando las tendencias previas a la pandemia.

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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition among electable to bariatric surgery obese patients, often remaining underdiagnosed, thereby increasing surgical risk. The main purpose was to determine prevalence of OSA among candidates for bariatric surgery and to assess the rate of underdiagnosis of this condition. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the specific performance of three sleep questionnaires and scales (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness Scale (EDSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and STOP-Bang) in these patients. METHODS: A longitudinal, prospective, single-cohort study, with consecutive sampling including patients aged 18-65 years with obesity grade II (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2) and hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome or OSA or obesity grade III or IV (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) elective for bariatric surgery. Patients were evaluated at the Otorhinolaryngology department with an anamnesis regarding OSA including the administration of three sleep questionnaires (EDSS, ESS, and STOP-Bang), followed by cardiorespiratory polygraphy (CRP) for sleep evaluation. RESULTS: 124 patients were included in this study. While 74.2% of the sample exhibited OSA on CRP, only 28.2% had a prior diagnosis. The STOP-Bang questionnaire demonstrated the highest sensitivity (93.3%) for detecting moderate to severe OSA, although with low specificity (33.8%). EDSS and ESS did not show a significant association with the presence of OSA. CONCLUSIONS: OSA screening is crucial in candidates for bariatric surgery due to its high prevalence and low diagnosis rate. The STOP-Bang questionnaire may serve as a useful tool for identifying patients at risk of moderate to severe OSA and optimizing sleep assessments. However, further research is necessary to validate its utility in this specific population.

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Background: Clonidine is a centrally acting anti-adrenergic agent that may have applications in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly for sleep.Objective: In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize the effect of clonidine on sleep quality and duration, nightmares, and PTSD symptom severity in adults with PTSD.Method: PubMed (Medline), Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched up to April 2023. Studies on clonidine use in adult PTSD patients reporting data on the effect on sleep, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms were included. A narrative summary and a meta-analysis of the study findings are presented.Results: Ten reports, accounting for N = 569 patients with PTSD (145 on clonidine and 436 controls), were included in the final selection. There were four case reports, four observational studies, one non-blind clinical trial, and one crossover randomized controlled trial (RCT). Median clonidine dose was 0.15 mg/day (range: 0.1-0.5 mg/day). Median follow-up time was 31 days (range: 3 days to 19 months). The quality of the evidence was rated from very low to low. There was marked between-study heterogeneity and low power in the individual studies, but many reported improved sleep quality, nightmare reduction, and improvement of PTSD symptoms for patients treated with clonidine. Meta-analysis was only possible for two studies reporting the effect of clonidine on nightmares, and showed no difference from the comparator (i.e. prazosin or terazosin) (odds ratio: 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 0.66 to 2.05), potentially pointing towards non-inferiority between these medications.Conclusions: Future research, such as well-powered RCTs, is needed to identify the efficacy in the lower dose range and the most suitable treatment group, and to obtain good evidence on the effects of clonidine in the treatment of sleep disorders related to PTSD.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with hyperarousal and sleep disorders, reflecting adrenergic nervous system involvement.The use of anti-adrenergic drugs to target the sympathetic activation in PTSD is rational. However, previous reports on prazosin, a peripherally acting agent, yielded weak evidence.Clonidine, a central adrenergic antagonist, shows promise in improving sleep, nightmares, and PTSD symptoms, but further research is needed because the quality of the current evidence is low.

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Resumo Introdução: A profissão policial é considerada de alto risco e exige um vigor físico e mental do trabalhador diante do serviço realizado. De tal modo que uma boa qualidade do sono é importante, pois impacta diretamente em diversos aspectos na saúde desses trabalhadores. Ademais, a falta de uma boa qualidade do sono devido ao trabalho pode influenciar negativamente a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Objetivo: Analisar a influência da qualidade do sono na qualidade de vida no trabalho de policiais militares. Metodologia: Estudo quantitativo, correlacionalde corte transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2019, com policiais de três municípios da Bahia, Brasil. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: sociodemográfico e características laborais; qualidade de vida de vida no trabalho; e qualidade do sono. Foi aplicado o teste do qui quadrado para as variáveis sociodemograficas e ocupacionais. Posteriormente, foi aplicado o teste de correlação de Spearman entre a qualidade do sono com as dimensões da qualidade de vida no trabalho. Resultados: Evidenciou-se entre os 298 policiais que a mediana da idade foi de 40 anos e tempo de serviço ≤ 7 anos, observou-se também que os policiais com pior qualidade do sono apresentaram qualidade de vida no trabalho insatisfatória em todas as dimensões (biológica/fisiológica; psicológica/comportamental; sociológica/relacional; econômica/política, ambiental/organizacional). Conclusão: Os policiais sofrem com a qualidade do sono e consequentemente influencia negativamente a qualidade de vida no trabalho. Assim, há uma necessidade de desenvolver ações no ambiente de trabalho que possam diminuir os afastamentos decorrentes dos problemas de saúde ocasionados pela qualidade do sono.

Resumen Introdución: La formación policial se considera de alto riesgo y requiere vigor físico y mental por parte de la persona trabajadora antes de realizar el servicio. Para esto, la buena calidad de sueño es importante, ya que impacta directamente en la salud de la población trabajadora en varios aspectos. Además, la falta de una buena calidad de sueño debido al trabajo puede influir negativamente en la calidad de vida fuera del trabajo. Objetivo: Analizar la influencia de la calidad del sueño en la calidad de vida en el trabajo de policías militares. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, correlacional transversal, realizado en el primer semestre de 2019, con policías de tres municipios de Bahía, Brasil. Se utilizaron tres instrumentos: características sociodemográficas y laborales, calidad de vida en el trabajo y calidad de sueño. Se aplicó la prueba chi cuadrado para las variables sociodemográficas y ocupacionales. Posteriormente, se aplicó la prueba de correlación de Spearman entre la calidad del sueño y las dimensiones de calidad de vida en el trabajo. Resultados: La muestra fue de 298 policías, la mediana de edad fue de 40 años y la antigüedad en el servicio fue ≤ 7 años. También, se observó quienes tuvieron peor calidad de sueño, también tuvieron una calidad de vida en el trabajo insatisfactoria en todos sus dimensiones (biológica/fisiológica; psicológica/conductual; sociológica/relacional; económica/política, ambiental/organizacional). Conclusión: Quienes son agentes de policía sufren de mala calidad de sueño y, en consecuencia, se influye negativamente su calidad de vida en el trabajo. Por lo tanto, existe la necesidad de desarrollar acciones en el lugar de trabajo que pueda reducir los riesgos de problemas de salud causados por la calidad del sueño.

Abstract Background: Police training is considered high risk and demands physical and mental vigor from the worker before preforming the service. Therefore, sleep quality is important as it directly impacts the health of these workers in several aspects. Furthermore, the lack of sleep quality due to work can negatively influence the quality of life outside of work. Aim: To analyze the influence of sleep quality on the quality of life and work of military police officers. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional correlational study, conducted in the first half of 2019 with police officers from three municipalities in Bahia, Brazil. Three instruments were used: sociodemographic and work characteristics; quality of life at work; and sleep quality. The chi-square test was applied for sociodemographic and occupational variations. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation test was applied between sleep quality and the quality of life and work dimensions. Results: Among the 298 police officers the median age was 40 years and the length of service was ≤ 7 years. It was also observed that police officers with poorer sleep quality had an unsatisfactory quality of life at work in all its dimensions (biological/physiological; psychological/behavioral; sociological/relational; economic/political, environmental/organizational). Conclusion: Police officers suffer from poor sleep quality and this negatively influence their quality of life and work. Therefore, there is a need to develop actions in the workplace that may reduce the risks of health problems caused by poor sleep quality.

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Resumen Objetivo: Determinar las características clínico-epidemiológicas, viabilidad diagnóstica de la poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria y el tratamiento de pacientes con sospecha de apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) en riesgo cardiovascular. Métodos: Se realizó estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo en pacientes atendidos en un servicio de consulta externa de cardiología con sospecha de AOS, de enero de 2015 a diciembre de 2019. La información se obtuvo de los expedientes médicos, se aplicó análisis estadístico descriptivo. Resultados: Se examinaron 138 expedientes, de las poligrafías respiratorias domiciliarias fueron descartadas solo el 8% por no cumplir con los estándares de calidad requeridos. Se demostró que el 89% padecían AOS, un 60% moderada a severa; predominó en hombres después de los 50 años. El principal ractores de riesgo cardiovascular fue hipertensión (89%). La cardiopatía más prevalente fue la hipertensiva (52%). Se optimizó tratamiento farmacológico cardiovascular en el 82% de los casos. Rehabilitación cardiaca en el 30%, ventilación mecánica no invasiva 41%, modalidad fija 33% y autoajustable 9%, todos con telemetría. Conclusiones: La prevalencia y severidad de la AOS es mayor en presencia de riesgo o enfermedad cardiovascular establecida. Ante la sospecha clínica es factible confirmar el diagnóstico con poligrafía respiratoria domiciliaria por el nivel de precisión y la menor infraestructura requerida. Es necesaria una mayor participación del cardiólogo en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de este trastorno por el riesgo significativo de enfermedad cardiovascular que representa.

Abstract Objective: To determine the clinical-epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic feasibility of home respiratory polygraphy and treatment of patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at cardiovascular risk. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in patients seen in a cardiology outpatient service with suspected OSA, from January 2015 to December 2019. The information was obtained from medical records, and a descriptive statistical analysis was applied to this information. Results: 138 files were reviewed; only 8% of the home respiratory polygraphs were discarded, because they did not meet the required quality standards. It was demonstrated that 89% suffered from OSA, 60% moderate to severe; in men after 50 years of age. The main cardiovascular risk factors was hypertension (89%). The most prevalent heart disease was hypertension (52%). Cardiovascular pharmacological treatment was improved in 82% of the cases. Cardiac rehabilitation in 30%, noninvasive mechanical ventilation 41%, fixed modality 33%, and self-adjustable 9%, all with telemetry. Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of OSA is higher in the presence of risk or established cardiovascular disease. In the presence of clinical suspicion, it is feasible to confirm the diagnosis with home respiratory poligrafy due to the level of precision and the lower infrastructure required. Greater involvement of the cardiologist in the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder is necessary due to the significant risk of cardiovascular disease it represents.

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INTRODUCTION: The prolongation and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have led to an uncertain and devastating panorama in many populations, and the evidence shows a high prevalence of mental health problems in medical students. The objective was to evaluate the association between mood disorders and sleep quality (SQ) in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 310 medical students from a private university in Peru. The SQ was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), while mood disorders were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). All information was collected by online surveys and then analysed in the R programming language. RESULTS: The SQ results measured by PSQI were poor in 83.9% of the medical students. In the Poison regression analysis, the results of the bivariate analysis in men show that all mood disorders found the prevalence of poor SQ. However, in the multivariate analysis only stress (PRa=1.30; 95% CI, 1.08-1.57; P<0.01) and anxiety (PRa=1.34; 95% CI, 1.09-1.56; P <0.01) increased the prevalence of poor SQ. Women had a similar pattern in bivariate analysis, whereas in multivariate analysis, only severe stress (PRa=1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.29; P <0.05) increased the prevalence of poor SQ. CONCLUSIONS: This study allows us to observe the consequences that the COVID-19 pandemic is having on medical students in Peru. It also revealed a population group vulnerable to poor quality of sleep and bad mood, which in the future will impact on health. It is suggested to educate medical students about the importance of proper sleep hygiene and the consequences of poor sleep hygiene practices.

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INTRODUCTION: Anti-IgLON5 disease is a recently described neurological disorder with multisystemic features. The disease is characterized by the presence of IgLON5 antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Our objective is to describe in detail the otorhinolaryngological manifestations of this disease, which are frequent and may include dysphagia, dysarthria, vocal cord paralysis and laryngospasm. METHODS: In this study, we present a series of 9 patients with anti-IgLON5 disease and otolaryngological manifestations. Patients were evaluated between July 2012 and March 2022 by video-polysomnography, fiber-optic laryngoscopy, and functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. RESULTS: The median age was 71 years, and 5 (56%) were female. Video-polysomnography showed a NREM/REM parasomnia in 6 patients (67%), obstructive sleep apnea in 8 (88%), stridor during sleep in 7 (78%) and central apneas in 1 (11%). Six out of the 9 patients (67%) presented episodes of acute respiratory failure that required mechanical ventilation, 6 had vocal fold palsy with 4 of them requiring tracheostomy (3 had to be performed on an emergency basis). Dysphagia occurred in 8 patients (89%). Prominent upper airway secretion and sialorrhea was also present in 3 cases. CONCLUSION: The anti-IgLON5 disease exhibits extensive otolaryngological symptoms, mainly affecting the upper airway. These symptoms affect the quality of life and can be life-threatening. Prompt acute management is essential for stridor, dyspnea, and dysphagia. Given the potential severity of the symptoms and rarity of the disease, it is important for otolaryngologists to be familiar with anti-IgLON5 disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4.

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Background: Trauma exposure prevalence and consequent post-traumatic stress disorder among South African adolescents are significant. Sleep disturbances are among the most frequently reported difficulties faced by those dealing with PTSD. The current study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the South African Adolescence Group Sleep Intervention on PTSD symptom severity and sleep disturbance.Method: Sixty-one adolescents with PTSD diagnoses and sleep disturbance were randomly assigned (1:1) to one individual and four group sessions of a sleep intervention (SAASI) or a control group. Participants completed the Child PTSD symptom scale for DSM5 (CPSS-5) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) among other sleep and psychiatric measures. The trial was registered on the Pan African Trial Registry (PACTR202208559723690).Results: There was a significant but similar decrease in PSQI scores in both groups over time indicating no overall intervention effect (Wald test = -2.18, p = .029), mean slope = -0.2 (95% CI: -0.37 to -0.02) (p = .583). On the CPSS-5, interaction between groups was also not significant (p = .291). Despite this overall finding, the mean difference in CPSS-SR-5 scores increased over time, with the difference between groups post-treatment -9.10 (95%CI: -18.00 to -0.21), p = .045 and the 1-month follow-up contrast - 11.22 (95%CI: -22.43 to -0.03), p = .049 suggesting that PTSD symptom severity decreased more in the intervention group than the control group. The dropout rate was higher than expected for both the intervention (n = 10; 32%) and control (n = 8; 26.7%) groups. Dropout were mostly school commitments or travel related.Conclusions: Early findings suggest a trend towards dual improvement in sleep quality and PTSD symptom severity in adolescents with a sleep disturbance and PTSD receiving a group sleep intervention (SAASI). Further investigation in a properly powered RCT with detailed retention planning is indicated.

A four-week group sleep intervention seems feasible in adolescents with PTSD and sleep disturbances in a low-resource South African setting.Utilising less specialised mental health resources such as nurses and counsellors in intervention delivery was feasible and effective.Preliminary results are promising and support further research to establish the efficacy of the intervention.

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Resumen Los trastornos del sueño son frecuentes en niños y afectan al desarrollo neurológico, con importante repercusión cognitiva, emocional y conductual. Existe una alta prevalencia de trastornos del sueño (TS) en los trastornos del neurodesarrollo (TND), como trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Los TS en población pediá trica tienen una prevalencia del 6-25%, mientras que en los niños con TND esta cifra asciende al 50-80%. En los TND se observa un incremento de las dificultades para conciliar el sueño, de los despertares nocturnos y de la somnolencia diurna. Así mismo, presentan alteracio nes del ritmo circadiano y trastornos respiratorios del sueño. Como consecuencia se produce una reducción de la alerta para las actividades diarias con incremento de trastornos conductuales, problemas emocionales y dificultades académicas asociadas a disfunciones eje cutivas y de memoria. La evaluación del sueño debe formar parte sistemática en la valoración clínica de los niños con TND, con el fin de realizar un diagnóstico y un tratamiento adecuados a cada caso, permitiendo mejorar la calidad de vida del niño y de su familia.

Abstract Sleep disorders are common in children and affect neurological development with important cognitive, emotional and behavioral repercussions. There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders (SD) in neurodevelop mental disorders (NDD) such as autism spectrum dis order (ASD) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sleep disorders in pediatric population have a prevalence of 6-25%, while in children with NDD this number rises to 50-80%. In NDDs, higher rates of dif ficulties in falling asleep, nocturnal awakenings and daytime sleepiness are observed. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm as well as respiratory sleep disorders are also observed. Consequently, there is a decrease in alertness for daytime activities with increased be havioral disorders, emotional problems and academic difficulties associated with executive and memory dys functions. Sleep assessment has to be a systemic part in the clinical evaluation of children with NDDs, so as to give a convenient diagnosis and treatment in each case, allowing to improve the quality of life of children and their families.

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Introducción: Los niños con epilepsia tienen más trastornos del sueño (TS) que la población sana. Es fundamental su diagnóstico, ya que la epilepsia y los TS tienen una relación bidireccional. Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de TS y malos hábitos de sueño en niños con epilepsia. Método: Estudio transversal de pacientes menores de 18 años con epilepsia sobre TS, mediante la versión española de Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), y sobre hábitos de sueño, mediante cuestionario de elaboración propia. Resultados: La muestra incluyó 153 pacientes. El 84% de la población estudiada presentaba alterado algún aspecto del sueño. Lo más frecuente fueron las alteraciones en la transición sueño-vigilia (53%), en el inicio-mantenimiento del sueño (47,7%) y la somnolencia diurna (44,4%). Un 70% de los padres de los pacientes referían que su hijo «dormía bien», pero en este grupo se detectaron TS hasta en el 75,7%. Muchos de los pacientes tenían hábitos de sueño poco saludables, como dormirse con dispositivos electrónicos (16,3%), precisar presencia familiar para dormirse (39%) o dormir en colecho o cohabitación (23,5 y 30,5%, respectivamente). Aquellos con epilepsias generalizadas, refractarias, crisis nocturnas y discapacidad intelectual presentaron mayor probabilidad de presentar TS. En cambio, los malos hábitos de sueño fueron frecuentes independientemente de las características de la epilepsia. Conclusiones: Los TS y los malos hábitos de sueño son frecuentes en niños con epilepsia. Su tratamiento puede conllevar una mejoría en la calidad de vida del paciente y su familia, así como una mejoría en el pronóstico de la epilepsia.(AU)

Introduction: Children with epilepsy present greater prevalence of sleep disorders than the general population. Their diagnosis is essential, since epilepsy and sleep disorders have a bidirectional relationship. Objective: Determine the incidence of sleep disorders and poor sleep habits in children with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients under 18 years of age with epilepsy, assessing sleep disorders using the Spanish-language version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and sleep habits using an original questionnaire. Results: The sample included 153 patients. Eighty-four percent of our sample presented some type of sleep alteration. The most frequent alterations were sleep-wake transition disorders (53%), sleep initiation and maintenance disorders (47.7%), and daytime sleepiness (44.4%). In 70% of cases, the patients’ parents reported that their child “slept well,” although sleep disorders were detected in up to 75.7% of these patients. Many patients had poor sleep habits, such as using electronic devices in bed (16.3%), requiring the presence of a family member to fall asleep (39%), or co-sleeping or sharing a room (23.5% and 30.5%, respectively). Those with generalised epilepsy, refractory epilepsy, nocturnal seizures, and intellectual disability were more likely to present sleep disorders. In contrast, poor sleep habits were frequent regardless of seizure characteristics. Conclusions: Sleep disorders and poor sleep habits are common in children with epilepsy. Their treatment can lead to an improvement in the quality of life of the patient and his/her family, as well as an improvement in the prognosis of epilepsy.(AU)

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Objetivos El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática y metaanálisis era examinar la relación entre la infertilidad y la calidad del sueño en las mujeres. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica entre octubre y noviembre del 2022 con estudios a texto completo en PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Google Scholar y Scientific Information Database (SID). El estudio se basa en las recomendaciones del Manual Cochrane de revisiones sistemáticas de intervenciones. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa informático Review Manager (versión 5.3). Resultados Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura incluyendo 11 estudios. El metaanálisis reveló una asociación significativa entre la infertilidad y la calidad del sueño en las mujeres, con una disminución de la calidad del sueño en las pacientes infértiles (DME: –0,75; IC del 95%: –0,84 al –0,66; Z=16,46; p <0,00001) y una diferencia significativa entre infertilidad y depresión (DME: –0,18; IC del 95%: –0,27 al –0,09; Z=4,00; p <0,0001). Conclusión Según los resultados de este estudio, las mujeres infértiles tienen una calidad del sueño baja. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023404389. (AU)

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to examine the relationship between infertility and sleep quality in women. Methods The literature search was conducted between October and November 2022 with full-text studies from PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scientific Information Database (SID). The study is based on the recommendations of the Cochrane guidelines. The data were analyzed using the Review Manager computer software (Version 5.3). Results A systematic literature review was conducted, with 11 studies included. The meta-analysis revealed a significant difference between infertility and sleep quality in women, that the sleep quality of infertile patients decreased (SMD: -0.75 95% CI: -0.84 to -0.66, Z=16.46, P<.00001), and that there was a significant difference between infertility and depression (SMD: -0.18 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.09, Z=4.00, P<.0001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that sleep quality is low in infertile women. PROSPERO ID: CRD42023404389. (AU)

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Introducción: La asociación entre la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) y el metabolismo de la glucosa sigue siendo controvertida. Este estudio investiga la relación entre la AOS y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM) y prediabetes (preDM) incidentes, así como el efecto del tratamiento con presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) a largo plazo. Métodos: Estudio de seguimiento en cohorte retrospectiva clínica de pacientes con AOS y controles seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Los datos sobre DM incidente y preDM, así como de la CPAP se obtuvieron de los registros hospitalarios. La relación entre AOS basal y la DM incidente se examinó con modelos de regresión de Cox. Resultados: De un total de 356 pacientes, 169 con AOS y 187 controles fueron seguidos por una mediana de 98 meses; 47 enfermos (13,2%) desarrollaron DM y 43 (12,1%) preDM. La incidencia acumulada a los cinco años de DM fue de 10,7% (6,5-13,9%). De los sujetos con preDM en la muestra basal, 87% evolucionaron a DM incidente. Se demuestra que el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la hipoxia nocturna y el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) son factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de DM, y que la CPAP los disminuye. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con AOS tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar DM. Los factores de riesgo implicados son el IMC, la hipoxia nocturna y el IAH. El uso regular de CPAP a largo plazo se asoció con una disminución de estos. (AU)

Introduction: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and glucose metabolism remains controversial. This study investigates the relationship between OSA and incident type 2 diabetes (DM) and prediabetes (preDM), as well as the effect of long-term CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) treatment. Methods: Follow-up study in a retrospective clinical cohort of patients with OSA and randomly selected controls. Data on incident DM and preDM as well as CPAP were obtained from hospital records. The relationship between baseline OSA and incident DM was examined using COX regression models. Results: Three hundred and fifty-six patients, 169 with OSA and 187 controls were followed for a median of 98 months; 47 patients (13.2%) developed DM and 43 (12.1%) developed preDM. The 5-year cumulative incidence of DM was 10.7% (6.5–13.9%). 87% of subjects with preDM in the baseline sample progressed to incident DM. It is shown that body mass index (BMI), nocturnal hypoxia and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) are risk factors for the development of DM and that CPAP reduces this risk. Conclusions: Patients with OSA have a higher risk of developing DM. The risk factors involved are BMI, nocturnal hypoxia and AHI. Regular long-term CPAP use was associated with a decreased risk. (AU)

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