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Admission to an intensive care unit is a traumatic event for many patients' relatives. Also, the relatives may be subject to many requirements to during this process. Therefore, it is very important to determine their requirements and coping styles. This study used a descriptive, relational design. The sample of the research consisted of 247 relatives of patients staying in six intensive care units. It was found that, 65.2% of the patients' relatives were women, and their mean age was 37.25 ± 12.7 years. What they mostly needed was support, proximity, information, assurance and comfort. In that order; among the coping styles it was found that they usually used the following approaches: self-confident approach, an problem-focused coping method; was found to be used by relatives most frequently, followed by helpless approach, an emotion-focused coping style. Requirements: Assurance, information, support and comfort sub-dimension scores and problem-focused coping style; self-confident approach and social support search approach sub-dimension scores between statistically positive, significant relationship was found. Information, proximity, support and comfort sub-dimension scores and emotion-focused coping style; helpless approach and submissive sub-dimension scores between statistically positive, significant relationship was found (p<0.05). It was found that patients' relatives used the helpless approach and submissive approach to cope with stres: during this process their information needs increased and upon fulfillment of requirements, they started using self-confident approach and the social support approach, which are problem-focused coping styles.

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PURPOSE: This study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of group psychoeducation in Turkish nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was planned with experimental design (randomized, controlled, and pretest-posttest control group observational study). FINDINGS: There were significant differences identified for points in the experimental group before and after psychoeducation and 1 month later and between the posttest and 1-month observation measures (p < 0.05). While there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the styles of coping with stress and stress, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in anxiety and depression, though anxiety and depression scores decreased. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The use of group psychoeducation in which stress coping styles are taught is recommended to reduce symptoms of stress and manage the symptoms of anxiety, and depression levels.

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BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a very important period in the development of attachment. OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlation between prenatal attachment levels of healthy pregnant women and their styles of coping with stress and those of high-risk pregnant women. METHOD: This descriptive study consisted of 76 women in their third-trimester of pregnancy hospitalised at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology service at a hospital and 210 women in their third-trimester of pregnancy who were experiencing a healthy pregnancy process and admitted to the Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic for pregnancy follow-up. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Prenatal Attachment Inventory and the Stress Coping Styles Scale. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the prenatal attachment levels of healthy and high-risk pregnant women. There was a positive correlation between the prenatal attachment levels and the self-confident and optimistic approaches among the styles of coping with stress in the healthy and high-risk pregnant women . CONCLUSION: The attachment levels of the high-risk pregnant women were higher than were those of the healthy pregnant women. As the use of the self-confident and optimistic approach styles in coping with stress increases among healthy and high-risk pregnant women, so do their prenatal attachment levels.

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OBJECTIVES: The basic aim of the research was to analyze the associations between the traits of psychopathy in the triarchic model (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) and the level of psychological resilience and preferred style of coping with stress in the group of adolescents violating legal norms. The author assumes that the key symptoms in this relationship would be played by the symptoms of psychopathy included in the dimension of boldness. METHODS: The group of participants consisted of 111 girls and boys aged 16-18 years staying in youth correctional facilities. The Polish adaptation of the TriPM questionnaire was used to measure the severity of psychopathic traits in juveniles (Patrick, 2010, Pilch at al., 2015). The structure of psychological resilience and styles of coping with stress in the studied group were measured with the use of self-report methods: Skala Preznosci Psychicznej/SPP-18 (Polish scale to measure resilience in children and adolescents, Oginska-Bulik, Juczynski 2011) and the CISS questionnaire respectively. RESULTS: The general level of psychological resilience proved to be a mediator between boldness and task-oriented coping style. Boldness as a component of psychopathy was also associated with all psychological resilience scales. The disinhibition dimension of psychopathy negatively correlated with psychological resilience and was associated with more frequent occurrence of an emotion-oriented stress coping style. There were differences between sexes observed in the severity of meanness and emotion-oriented coping in a stressful situation. CONCLUSIONS: The research supports the treatment of psychopathy in youth as a complex and multidimensional construct. The data also confirm that certain features of psychopathy may be associated with indicators of good adaptation.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the association of anxiety with self-rated general health, satisfaction with life, stress and coping strategies of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Poland. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 914 university students, ranged in age between 18 and 40 years old (M = 23.04, SD = 2.60), participated in an online survey. The study was performed between 30 March and 30 April 2020, during the general coronavirus quarantine. Participants completed a standard psychological questionnaire, including General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), General Self-Rated Health (GSRH), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS). RESULTS: The majority of students (65%) showed mild to severe GAD and a high level of perceived stress (56%). Those students who had the worst evaluated current GSRH, in comparison to the situation before the COVID-19 outbreak, also demonstrated higher levels of anxiety, perceived stress, and emotion-oriented coping styles. The study indicates that the variance of anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak may be explained for about 60% by such variables, like high stress, low general self-rated health, female gender, and frequent use of both emotion-oriented and task-oriented coping styles. CONCLUSION: University students experience extremely high stress and anxiety during quarantine period and they need professional help to cope with COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study may help prepare appropriate future intervention and effective prevention programs at universities.