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Introducción: El estrés laboral es una enfermedad peligrosa que altera el estado psicológico de la persona, porque genera reacciones y respuestas de tipo emocional, cognitivo, fisiológico y del comportamiento frente a situaciones con alta demanda laboral que sobrepasa los recursos personales y del trabajo. Se considera una problemática de tipo social y económica asociada con factores de riesgo psicosocial y con desencadenantes. Por ello, es fundamental su detección precoz, para evitar sus secuelas y para emplear estilos de afrontamiento. Objetivo: Analizar los referentes teóricos del estrés laboral, teniendo en cuenta sus principales causas, consecuencias y estrategias de prevención en el ámbito laboral. Metodología: Revisión documental disponible en las bases de datos Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Frontiers in Psychology, Academy, Biblioteca Digital, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO y Science Direct, de estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2020 que incluyeran conceptos de estrés laboral, causas, consecuencias y estrategias de prevención. Se revisaron 60 artículos, y para seleccionar la información se aplicó búsqueda, organización, categorización y análisis de 5554 documentos electrónicos. Se excluyeron 6 estudios relacionados con temas específicos del síndrome de burnout. Conclusiones: El estrés es una problemática prevalente en el contexto organizacional que se genera por múltiples factores asociados con las condiciones laborales y personales y origina en el individuo consecuencias fisiológicas y mentales que afectan su desempeño y productividad. De ahí que sea necesario incentivar una cultura preventiva que fomente la salud de los colaboradores.

Introduction: The labor stress is dangerous disease that alters the psychological state of the person, by generating emotional, cognitive, physiological and behavioral reactions and responses to situa-tions with high work demand that exceeds personal and work resources. It is considered as a social and economic problem associated with psychosocial risk factors and triggers, which, it is essential to attach importance to its early detection and thus avoid its consequences, as well as the use of coping styles. Objective: To analyze the theoretical references of work stress, considering the main causes, conse-quences and prevention strategies in the workplace. Methodology: Documentary review available in the databases Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Frontiers in Psychology, Academy, Bibliotheca Digital, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO and Science Direct. Inclusion criteria: works published between 2015 and 2020 that include concepts of work stress, causes, consequences and prevention strategies. 60 articles were reviewed to select the information, a search, organization, categorization and analysis of 5554 electronic documents were applied, 6 studies related to specific topics of Burnout syndrome were excluded. Conclusions: Stress is a prevalent problem in the organizational context that is generated by multiple factors associated with the work and personal conditions, originating in the individual consequences of physiological and mental type affecting the performance and the productivity, being necessary to stimulate a preventive culture that promotes the health of the collaborators.

Introdução: O estresse relacionado ao trabalho é uma doença perigosa que altera o estado psicoló-gico da pessoa, pois gera reações emocionais, cognitivas, fisiológicas, comportamentais e respostas a situações com altas exigências de trabalho que excedem os recursos pessoais e de trabalho. É conside-rado um problema social e econômico associados a fatores de risco psicossociais e desencadeadores. É, portanto, essencial detectá-lo cedo, para evitar suas consequências e usar estilos de enfrentamento. Objetivo: Analisar as referências teóricas do estresse relacionado ao trabalho, levando em conta suas principais causas, consequências e estratégias de prevenção no local de trabalho. Metodologia: revisão documental disponível nas bases de dados Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Frontiers in Psychology, Academy, Digital Library, Elsevier, Redalyc, Dialnet, SciELO e Science Direct, de estudos publicados entre 2015 e 2020 que incluíam conceitos de estresse relacionado ao trabalho, causas, consequências e estratégias de prevenção. Sessenta artigos foram revisados, e para selecionar as informações, foi aplicada uma pesquisa onde foram organizados, categorizados e analisados 5554 documentos eletrônicos. Foram excluídos seis estudos relacionados a questões específicas da Síndro-me de Burnout. Conclusões: O estresse é um problema predominante no contexto organizacional que é gerado por múltiplos fatores associados às condições de trabalho e pessoais, e causa consequências fisiológicas e mentais no indivíduo que afetam seu desempenho e produtividade. Portanto, é necessário incentivar uma cultura preventiva que promova a saúde dos funcionários.Palavras-chave: estresse ocupacional; psicossocial; saúde ocupacional; trabalhadores.

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O processo de envelhecimento populacional direcionou atenção para pesquisas e novos serviços. Assim, essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar os riscos psicossociais e estresse de cuidadores de 33 cuidadores formais de idosos que atuam em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idoso. O perfil dos cuidadores foi idade média de 42,4, com o Ensino Fundamental (42,4%), mulheres (45,5%), que trabalham entre 1 a 5 anos (63,6%). Os instrumentos e materiais utilizados foram: o Protocolo de Avaliação dos Riscos Psicossociais do Trabalho, Inventário de Estresse Percebido e taxas de cortisol salivar. Os principais resultados indicam que os cuidadores se perceberam pouco estressados (média = 20 ±7,8). Os níveis de cortisol também foram abaixo do valor de referência (média = 9,2 ± 3,6); a organização do trabalho apresentou risco alto para os mesmos (média = 3,0 ± 1,3). Constatou-se que existe uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de cortisol e o risco alto da organização prescrita do trabalho (r = -0,439; p = 0,036), assim como entre o estresse percebido e o sentimento de desqualificação nos cuidadores (r = 0,485; p = 0,004). Cuidadores homens com nível superior demonstraram-se mais insatisfeitos com o trabalho realizado. Conclui-se que fatores intrínsecos (sexo, idade e escolaridade) somados ao ambiente de trabalho são determinantes para os riscos psicossociais e estresse dos cuidadores formais.

The process of population aging has focused attention on research and new services. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the psychosocial risks and stress of 33 formal caregivers who work in institutions for long-term care for elderly people. The average age of caregivers was 42.4, with primary education (42.4%), women (45.5%), working between 1 and 5 years (63.6%). The instruments and materials used were: the Protocol for the Evaluation of Psychosocial Work Risks, Perceived Stress Inventory and salivary cortisol rates. The main results indicate that caregivers perceived themselves to be less stressed (mean = 20 ± 7.8). Cortisol levels were also below the reference value (mean = 9.2 ± 3.6); the organization of the work presented a high risk (mean = 3.0 ± 1.3). It was found a statistically significant relationship between cortisol levels and the high risk of the prescribed work organization (r = -0.439; p = 0.036), as well as between the perceived stress and the feeling of disqualification in the caregivers (r = 0.485, p = 0.004). Male caregivers with higher education were more dissatisfied with the work conducted. It is concluded that intrinsic factors (gender, age and educational level) added to the work environment are determinant for the psychosocial risks and stress of the formal caregivers.

El envejecimiento poblacional dirigió la atención para nuevos servicios e investigaciones. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los riesgos psicosociales y el estrés de 33 cuidadores que trabajan en Instituciones de larga estancia para personas mayores. Del perfil de los cuidadores, se puede destacar el promedio de edad, el cual fue de 42,4, con educación primaria (42,4%), mujeres (45,5%), que trabajan entre 1 a 5 años (63,6%). Los instrumentos y materiales utilizados fueron: el Protocolo de Evaluación de los Riesgos Psicosociales del Trabajo, Inventario de Estrés Percibido y tasas de cortisol salivar. Los principales resultados indican que los cuidadores se distinguieron como poco estresados (promedio = 20 ± 7,8). Los niveles de cortisol también fueron inferiores al valor de referencia (promedio = 9,2 ± 3,6); la organización del trabajo presentó riesgo alto (promedio = 3,0 ± 1,3). Se constató que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa entre los niveles de cortisol y el riesgo alto de la organización prescrita del trabajo (r = -0,439, p = 0,036), así como entre el estrés percibido y el sentimiento de descalificación en los cuidadores (r = 0,485; p = 0,004). Los cuidadores hombres con educación superior se mostraron más insatisfechos con el trabajo realizado. Se concluye que factores intrínsecos (sexo, edad, escolaridad) sumados al ambiente de trabajo son determinantes para los riesgos psicosociales y el estrés de los cuidadores formales.

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Sexual Dysfunction in Primary Health Care Abstract. In primary health care, sexual dysfunctions are usually only insufficiently recorded. At the same time, these disorders are relatively common and often remain untreated. This study investigated sexual dysfunction and how it is influenced by lifestyle in patients in a general practitioner's practice (HP). METHODS: A sample of HP patients was asked about their sexuality, psychosocial situation and lifestyle, using validated questionnaires. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 30 women and 37 men. Of these, about two thirds have never spoken to a physician about their sex life and more than four fifths have never been asked about it by a phyisican. In 75 % of the sample there was no evidence of sexual dysfunction. Men with questionnaire values indicating sexual dysfunction showed significantly higher psychological stress than those with inconspicuous values. CONCLUSION: Despite an inconspicuous anamnesis regarding risk factors of sexual dysfunction, about a quarter of the sample found evidence of sexual dysfunction. An inconspicuous anamnesis in the areas of alcohol/tobacco consumption and depression does not make a targeted questioning about sexual dysfunction superfluous. Particularly for men, acute psychological stress should be a sufficient reason to address the topic of sexuality and to deepen it if necessary.

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Home-visiting programs have gained increasing importance in family-centered prevention and intervention. However, few studies have examined the mechanisms underlying early intervention treatment effects. The goal of this study is to analyze the mediating role of maternal sensitivity in enhancing language development with the home-visiting program Parents as Teachers (PAT). Data were collected and analyzed within the ongoing, long-term ZEPPELIN study, a randomized controlled trial with 251 participating at-risk families. Via longitudinal mediation analysis, we examined whether effects of the PAT on receptive and expressive language outcomes at 24 and 36 months were mediated by maternal sensitivity at 12 months. Within a moderated mediation framework, we investigated whether the level of family psychosocial stress affects this mediation. Results showed that intervention effects on language outcomes are mediated by maternal sensitivity-weakly and through specific pathways. Moderation and moderated mediation analyses indicated that effects of the PAT and also specific mediation effects increase with the level of psychosocial stress. Implications of the results for practice are discussed.

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The magnitude (reactivity) and duration (recovery) of hemodynamic stress responses are predictive of cardiovascular risk, and fat intake has been shown to enhance hemodynamic reactivity to psychological stress tasks. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a high-fat meal (HFM) on the magnitude and stability of hemodynamic stress reactivity and recovery. This was assessed by: (i) the peak changes from baseline to during stress for heart rate (HR); mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure; cardiac output; and total peripheral resistance; and (ii) the residual arousal in hemodynamic parameters at 2 points post-stress ("early" and "late" recovery). On different days, 10 healthy males (aged 23.2 ± 3.3 years) consumed either a HFM (54 g fat) or low-fat meal (LFM; 0 g fat) (∼1000 calories each), followed by 4 hourly 10-min stress tasks (mental arithmetic and speech tasks). Pre-stress (baseline) parameters did not differ between HFM and LFM conditions (all P > 0.05). Plasma triglycerides were greater following the HFM versus the LFM (P = 0.023). No reactivity or recovery parameters differed between meals (all P > 0.05). Stress reactivity and recovery parameters were stable over the 4 stress tasks (main effects of time, all P > 0.05), with the exception of HR (P < 0.05). Contrary to previous reports, meal fat content did not impact hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stressors. These data also provide the first evidence that meal fat content does not impact hemodynamic recovery from repeated mental stress tasks.

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Objective To investigate the changes and the clinical significance of serum concentration of soluble Fas (sFas) and Fas ligand (FasL) in the elderly. Methods Fifty elderly subjects and forty-seven adults were recruited. Serum concentration of sFas and EasL were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Psychosocial stress and coping styles were also evaluated. Results The sFas level of the elderly was significantly higher than that in control group,whereas the EasL level was decreased with ageing (P<0.01). A positive correlation between sFas level and psychosocial stress, and a negative correlation between sFas level and positive coping were also found (all P<0. 05). Conclusions Age-related changes occur in serum sEas and EasL levels.The interaction of sFas/FasL system with psychosocial stress and coping styles seems to play important roles in immunosenescence. Our results also suggest that during aging a subtle balance between sFas and FasL could exist.