RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To estimate the prevalence of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST), and to analyze the association with sociodemographic indicators. METHODS: Data from the most recent nationally representative survey from each of the South American countries, comprising 155,790 adults (18-64 y), were used. Data on leisure-time, transport, and occupational PA (all 3 domains as nonzero), total PA (≥150 min/wk), and ST (≥8 h/d) were assessed by specific questionnaires in each survey. Gender, age group (18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 y), and education (quintiles) were used as sociodemographic factors. Random effect meta-analysis of the association between sociodemographic factors and PA and ST were conducted. RESULTS: The prevalence of PA guidelines compliance and elevated ST in South America was 70.3% and 14.1%, respectively. Women were less likely to achieve the recommended levels of total and domain-based PA. Participants in the highest quintile of education were more likely for elevated ST (2.80, 2.08-3.77), lower occupational PA (0.65, 0.44-0.95), but higher leisure-time PA (3.13, 2.31-4.27), in comparison with lowest quintile. Older adults were less likely to participate in total and leisure-time PA. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the urge to tackle the inequalities in PA practice in South America, especially gender and education inequalities, for leisure-time PA.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Sedestación , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Conducta Sedentaria , Actividad Motora , Actividades Recreativas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , América del SurRESUMEN
To understand the urban territory through the analysis of Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) as a prerequisite for structuring a Healthy City Project. This research was characterized as a documentary survey through the Laws, Master Plan and Management Reports of the City of Maracanaú and in the Government Health Information Notebooks. The analysis took place through the reading and identification of what was about the SDOH, using Content Analysis. The results brought two categories of analysis that structured a diagnosis of the area, mapping the weaknesses found with regard to the SDOH analyzed, such as: population growth, mortality rate, urban violence, among others. It is believed that the diagnosis of the area carried out through the SDOH made it possible to identify the intervention points that can be used for the preparation of a Healthy City Project.
Compreender o território urbano por meio da análise dos Determinantes Sociais de Saúde (DSSs) como pressupostos para a estruturação de uma Agenda de Cidade Saudável. Esta pesquisa se caracterizou como um levantamento documental por meio das leis, plano diretor e relatórios de gestão da cidade de Maracanaú e nos cadernos de informação em saúde do governo. A análise se deu pela leitura e identificação do que versava sobre os DSSs, utilizando-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados trouxeram duas categorias de análise que estruturaram um diagnóstico do território, mapeando as fragilidades encontradas no que diz respeito aos DSSs analisados como crescimento demográfico, taxa de mortalidade, violência urbana, dentre outros. Acredita-se que o diagnóstico do território realizado por meio dos DSSs possibilitou identificar os pontos interventivos que possam ser utilizados para a preparação de uma agenda de cidade saudável.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Homelessness is one of the most severe forms of social exclusion and is an important public health issue. It is characterized by processes of weakening of interpersonal bonds. The objective of this study was, therefore, to elucidate how interpersonal relationships change over the life cycle of homeless drug and alcohol users. METHOD: We used a qualitative methodology. The participants were adults who had a history of homelessness and use of alcohol and other drugs. The interviews were semi structured and used a timeline instrument. All interview were audio recorded, transcribed, and submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Twenty individuals participated in the study. Reports on social exclusion over time stood out in respect of four main themes and their respective subthemes: Theme 1 - Childhood: instability upbringing, abuse, violence, and an absent or not very present father figure; Theme 2 - Adolescence: school dropout and failure; acceptance of gender and sexual orientation; birth of first child, living with a partner or getting married: Theme 3 - Adulthood: estrangement or conflicting relationship with family; health problems; drug trafficking and prostitution; Theme 4 - Cross-cutting factors: death of relatives and substance use. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that interpersonal relationships are permeated by successive breakups, conflicts and other events that start in childhood and can have a cumulative effect in later stages of life, and cross the subsequent phases. Substance abuse and dependence are mentioned as cross-cutting factors that intensify social exclusion in all stages of life.