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Introduction: Excessive internet and mobile cell phone use has been increasing in recent years especially in teenagers who are a vulnerable population. However, there is a lack of psychometric evaluation of instruments that allow to identify behavior regarding problematic use of the internet and cell phones in the Latin America, particularly in Ecuador. The main aim of this study is to examine the psychometric properties of two instruments: the Internet-related experiences questionnaire (IREQ) and Mobile-related experiences questionnaire (MREQ) in high school students (n = 4, 174, M age = 15.63; 51.19% male and 48.37% female). Methods: The validation process was performed using one and two factors for both questionnaires according to previous literature. After checking the models proposed to date, the best fit model was the one-factor model for (IREQ) and one-factor model for (MREQ). Results and discussion: The invariance was performed using two samples according to gender (male, female) and has been confirmed with an acceptable internal consistency for both questionnaires. For IREQ (All, ω = 0.80; Male, ω = 0.77; Female, ω = 0.82) and for MREQ (All, ω = 0.83; Male, ω = 0.82; Female, ω = 0.84). In addition, we performed the correlation analysis between IREQ, MREQ, and socio-demographic variables and finally, both instruments demonstrated strong psychometric qualities within the local population.
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BACKGROUND: Smartphone addiction is a growing concern, especially among adolescents, due to its negative impact on health. This study examines how leisure physical activity influence this relationship. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and adolescent health, examining the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effect of leisure physical activity. METHODS: A survey of 1271 Chinese university students was conducted using the PAPS Health and Fitness Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Leisure Time Exercise Scale. RESULTS: Smartphone addiction negatively affects adolescent health. Loneliness mediates this relationship, while leisure physical activity moderates it. High levels of physical activity reduce the negative impact of loneliness on health (bsimple = -0.49, P < 0.001), whereas low levels enhance this impact (bsimple = -0.21, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These research have practical implications for preventing and reducing smartphone addiction and offer a theoretical foundation for promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between Internet addiction, smartphone addiction, sleep quality, and academic success. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, high-school students were surveyed to evaluate sleep quality, Internet addiction, and smartphone addiction. Students were queried about their demographics, and grade averages from the previous term were taken as an indicator of academic success. RESULTS: A total of 1,959 students were enrolled in this study, with 1,034 (52.8%) girls and 925 (47.2%) boys, and the median age of the participants was 16 (13-21) years. Multivariate analyses found that poor sleep quality in students who did not have breakfast before going to school was 1.58 times higher than those who did (p<0.001). Students who stayed in a dormitory had 1.79 times more poor sleep quality than those who stayed with their family, and a one-unit increase in the total score of the Young's Internet Addiction Test short form resulted in a 1.08-fold increase (both, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that students' sleep quality was predicted to be lower if they stayed in a dormitory and skipped breakfast. In addition, Internet and smartphone addictions have a negative effect on sleep quality and academic performance.
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Abstract Background Smartphone addiction is a growing concern, especially among adolescents, due to its negative impact on health. This study examines how leisure physical activity influence this relationship. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and adolescent health, examining the mediating role of loneliness and the moderating effect of leisure physical activity. Methods A survey of 1271 Chinese university students was conducted using the PAPS Health and Fitness Scale, Smartphone Addiction Scale, and Leisure Time Exercise Scale. Results Smartphone addiction negatively affects adolescent health. Loneliness mediates this relationship, while leisure physical activity moderates it. High levels of physical activity reduce the negative impact of loneliness on health (bsimple = -0.49, P < 0.001), whereas low levels enhance this impact (bsimple = —0.21, P < 0.001). Conclusion These research have practical implications for preventing and reducing smartphone addiction and offer a theoretical foundation for promoting healthier lifestyles among adolescents.
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Background: Smartphone users have increased worldwide, due to their multifunctionality and accessibility. Objective: To determine the mediating effect of negative emotions between life satisfaction and smartphone addiction in college students. Method: A structural equation explanatory model was proposed in which each negative emotion (depression, anxiety, and stress) has a mediating role between life satisfaction and cell phone addiction. To this end, 1109 university students from Metropolitan Lima were selected and administered the DASS 21, SABAS, SWLS. Result: A partial effect of each mediating model was found, in addition to Satisfaction with life achieved a direct effect on cell phone addiction; at the same time the mediating variables achieved a significant direct effect on addictive behavior. Conclusion: Negative emotions have a mediating role in explaining smartphone addiction.
Introducción: Los usuarios de teléfonos inteligentes se han incrementado a nivel mundial, debido a su multifuncionalidad y accesibilidad. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto mediador de las emociones negativas entre la satisfacción con la vida y la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes en universitarios. Método: Se planteó un modelo explicativo de ecuaciones estructurales en el cual cada emoción negativa (depresión, ansiedad y estrés) tienen un rol mediador entre la satisfacción con la vida y la adicción a los celulares. Con tal fin, se seleccionaron 1109 universitarios de Lima Metropolitana a los cuales se les aplicaron el DASS 21, SABAS, SWLS. Resultados: Se encontró un efecto parcial de cada modelo mediador, además la Satisfacción con la vida logró un efecto directo sobre la adicción a los teléfonos celulares; al mismo tiempo las variables mediadoras consiguieron un efecto directo significativo sobre la conducta adictiva. Conclusión: las emociones negativas tienen un rol mediador en la explicación de la adicción a los teléfonos inteligentes.
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PROBLEM: (1) To identify the factors associated with self-reported smartphone addiction (SRSA) among adolescents in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic; and (2) to analyze the adolescents' perception of these factors related to SRSA. METHODS: A mixed-method study with a sequential explanatory design, carried out with Brazilian adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years old. FINDINGS: The prevalence of SRSA was 56.37%, and the variables that remained in the final model of association were as follows: public schools; longer smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic; number of hours connected to the smartphone; preference for sleeping during the day; use of the device immediately after waking up, smartphone use after 9 p.m., amount of sleep less than 8 h a day; and smartphone use during meals. Sequentially, after analyzing the data obtained in the focus groups, it was possible to describe how adolescents perceive the intensification of smartphone uses, its repercussions, and activities carried out on it during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic had repercussions on the behavior established with the smartphone, such as time and period of use, being associated with the SRSA. In addition, it was found that such conditions also affect the adolescents' sleep quality, diet, and studies.
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Conducta Adictiva , COVID-19 , Humanos , Adolescente , Autoinforme , Pandemias , Brasil/epidemiología , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/epidemiología , Conducta Adictiva/epidemiología , COVID-19/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Ao passo que a tecnologia avança em fazer parte do dia a dia das pessoas, a preocupação em se investigar os possíveis efeitos nocivos desta presença constante cresce. Há atenção especial aos estudos que envolvem o smartphone, por ser este o meio favorito de acesso às mídias sociais, facilitando o aparecimento de problemáticas, a exemplo das dependências que o envolvem e o phubbing. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar os artigos encontrados na literatura que discutem a relação entre o phubbing e dependências de tecnologia. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, PubMed e PsycInfo. A partir dos critérios de busca, foram encontrados 80 artigos no período de 2016 a 2020, resultando em 14 artigos para análise. Foram encontradas correlações positivas e significativas entre phubbing e dependências tecnológicas, estudos sobre determinantes do phubbing, sobre a transmissão do comportamento de pais para filhos, validações de escala e outros que tratam de redes sociais específicas. Os resultados permitiram uma visão ampla da problemática das dependências tecnológicas associadas ao phubbing, preenchendo uma lacuna existente na literatura ao se problematizar as características dos estudos, dentre suas diferenças e semelhanças.
As technology advances in being part of people's daily lives, the concern to investigate the possible harmful effects of this constant presence grows. There is special attention to studies involving the smartphone, as this is the favorite means of accessing social media, facilitating the appearance of problems, such as the dependencies that involve it and phubbing. This study aimed to analyze the articles found in the literature that discuss the relationship between phubbing and technology addictions (for example: smartphone addiction, internet addiction, game addiction, social media addiction). Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, PubMed and PsycInfo databases were used. From the search criteria, 80 articles were found in the period from 2016 to 2020, resulting in 14 articles for analysis. Positive and significant correlations were found between phubbing and technological addictions, studies on determinants of phubbing, on the transmission of behavior from parents to children, validations of scale and others dealing with specific social networks. The results allowed a broad view of the problem of technology addiction associated with phubbing, filling a gap in the literature by problematizing the characteristics of the studies, among their differences and similarities.
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This study aimed to identify the extent nomophobia explains smartphone addiction, controlling for age and gender effects. Participants were 316 people from the 22 Brazilian states (Mage = 28.1 years), most from Paraíba (38.9%) and Piauí (16.5%), equally distributed between genders. They answered the Nomophobia Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addition Scale and demographic questions. The results demonstrate that the factors of the nomophobia measure explained smartphone addiction, indicating that more nomophobic behavior equates to increased smartphone addiction, especially in the younger participants, there was no difference regarding gender. These findings are discussed according to the literature on adherence to new technologies, revealing the current problem of smartphone addiction in young people. (AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer em que medida a nomofobia explica a dependência de smartphone, controlando os efeitos de idade e sexo. Participaram 316 pessoas de 22 estados brasileiros (Midade = 28,1), a maioria da Paraíba (38,9%) e do Piauí (16,5%), distribuídas equitativamente entre os sexos. Estas responderam o Questionário de Nomofobia, a Escala de Adição ao Smartphone e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados foram de que os fatores da medida de nomofobia explicaram a dependência de smartphone, indicando que quanto mais as pessoas são nomofóbicas, mais elas dependem de smartphone, principalmente aquelas mais jovens, não havendo diferença quanto ao sexo. Esses achados foram discutidos de acordo com a literatura acerca da adesão a novas tecnologias, revelando o problema da dependência de smartphones para os jovens nos dias de hoje. (AU)
El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer en qué medida la nomofobia explica la dependencia de smartphones, controlando los efectos de la edad y el sexo. Participaron 316 personas de 22 estados brasileños (Medad = 28.1), en su mayoría de Paraíba (38.9%) y Piauí (16.5%), distribuidos equitativamente entre los sexos. Estos respondieron al Nomophobia Questionnaire, a la Smartphone Addition Scale y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados demuestran que los factores de la medida de nomofobia explican la adición a los smartphones, indicando que un comportamiento más nomofóbico equivale a una mayor adicción a los smartphones, especialmente en los más jóvenes, no existiendo diferencias en cuanto al género. Estos hallazgos han sido discutidos de acuerdo con la literatura sobre la adhesión a las nuevas tecnologías, revelando el problema actual de la adicción a los smartphones en los jóvenes. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Teléfono Inteligente , Adicción a la Tecnología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Distribución por Edad y Sexo , Factores SociodemográficosRESUMEN
Face a presença constante dos smartphones na vida dos adolescentes e ao aumento do tempo de tela observa-do nos últimos anos, este estudo objetivou mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre a dependência de smar-tphone em adolescentes. Trata-se da primeira parte de uma revisão de escopo. Um total de 67 artigos foram publicados entre 2009 e 2019, com um incremento de 31,74 % ao ano. A maioria das pesquisas (n=28; 41,79 %), foram desenvolvidas na Coreia do Sul, pe-la área de psicologia (n=21; 31,34 %) e pelo método transversal (n=49; 73,13 %). 14 escalas autoaplicáveis foram identificadas para o uso com adolescentes, sendo que, as mais utilizadas foram a Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale e a Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version. Grande parte das escalas contempla os domí-nios: abstinência, tolerância, compulsão e efeito da dependência na vida diária.Conclui-se que a depen-dência de smartphone é um problema de saúde pública em ascensão no mundo e pode comprometer a saúde dos adolescentes. Tal construto tem sido mensurado por escalas validadas e confiáveis, porém, não foram identificados estudos brasileiros no período investigado. Portanto, faz-se necessário adaptar e validar instrumen-tos com esta população para melhor compreensão do fenômeno no Brasil
Dada la presencia constante de los teléfonos inteligentes en la vida de los adolescentes y el aumento del tiempo de pantalla observado en los últimos años, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo mapear la evidencia disponible sobre la dependencia del smartphoneen adolescentes. Esta es una revisión del alcance. Se publicaron un total de 67 artículos entre 2009 y 2019, con un aumento del 31.74 % por año. La mayor parte de la investigación se realizó en Corea del Sur (n=28; 41,79 %), por el área de psicología (n=21; 31,34 %) y por el método transversal (n=49; 73,13 %). Se identi-ficaron catorce escalas autoaplicables para su uso con adolescentes, y las más utilizadas fueron la Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale y la Smartphone Addiction Scale- Short Version. La mayoría de las escalas incluyen los siguientes dominios: abstinencia, tolerancia, compulsión y el efecto de la dependencia en la vida diaria. Se concluye que la dependencia de los smartphones es un problema de salud pública creciente en el mundo y puede comprometer la salud de los adolescentes. Esta construcción se ha medido mediante escalas validadas y confiables, pero no se han identificado estudios brasileños en el periodo investigado, por lo que es necesario adaptar y validar los instrumentos con esta población, para comprender mejor el fenómeno en Brasil
Given the constant presence of smartphones in adoles-cents' lives and the increase in screen time observed in recent years, this study aimed to map the evidence avail-able on adolescents' smartphone addiction. This is the first part of a scoping review. A total of 67 articles were published between 2009 and 2019, with an increase of 31.74 % per year. Most of the research was conducted in South Korea (n=28; 41.79 %), in psychology (n=21; 31.34 %) and by the cross-sectional method (n=49; 73.13 %). Fourteen self-applicable scales were identified for use with adolescents, the most used being the Smart-phone Addiction Proneness Scale and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version. Most scales include the ollowing domains: abstinence, tolerance, compulsion, and the effect of addiction on daily life. It was conclud-ed that smartphone addiction is a growing public health problem on a global scale that may compromise adoles-cents' health. This construct has been measured by val-idated and reliable scales, but no Brazilian studies have been identified in the period investigated, so it is necessary to adapt and validate instruments with this population to better understand the phenomenon in Brazil
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Humanos , Adolescente , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet , Brasil , Salud Pública , Adolescente , Conducta Adictiva , Salud del AdolescenteRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: On the world stage unlimited internet access by smartphones have made in social, cultural and economic relations, has transformed the world to be faster and more efficient. In this context, health care requires more attention. Health professionals must be concerned about the majority of the patient's care on the use of smartphone's in this process. Smartphones can be cause distractions and cause poor patient care. Behavioral and psychological changes related to abusive and uncontrolled use in this population may create severe impacts not only on the user's life but also on the community health care. METHOD: A careful research was performed through PubMed, Web of Science and Psycho Info databases using the terms: "Smartphone addiction", "Smartphone dependence", "Smartphone abuse", "physicians", "nurses" and ''health professionals". The search covered the past 5 years up to August 2019. Articles that examine abusive use on smartphones in health professionals were included. We analyzed how this concept evolved over the last five years and hope to contribute to the better understanding of the issue and its impacts on this population and on the health care. RESULTS: There is a lack of specific trial instruments on screening of smartphone addiction or abusive use, tending to adopt different diagnostic criteria by the reports included. There are also a lack of studies discussing etiology of this compulsive behavior. Although known risks, published reports show there is no consciousness of abusive use and possible damages in healthcare by some health professionals. Instead, there are others that can affirm there are unpredictable risks in patient care and tend to stimulate conscience use politics in health settings. Most of them point out smartphone's app benefits. CONCLUSION: Smartphones and its functionalities became part of everyone's life by the various benefits guaranteed. However, an addictive behavior can cause damage, principally in the Health Care setting and health professional's abusive use must be monitored. Further investigation is needed to determine the motivations of this addictive behavior and if abusive smartphone usage is a new psychiatric classification or merely the substrate of other disorders.
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This study evaluated the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with negative psychological symptoms in Brazilian adults. A network analysis was conducted to estimate specific variables and their expected influence on IA. In this cross-sectional study, 15,476 adults (Mage = 37.5, SD = 9.59) completed an open web-based survey. Three questionnaires were used: the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Based on IAT scores, participants were classified as No-Risk user (NRU), Low-Risk user (LRU) or High-Risk user (HRU). We observed that 4.8% of the participants were classified in the HRU group. In addition, their risk for severe symptoms of depression was 10 times higher and, for anxiety, seven times higher than that in the NRU group (p < .001). Time spent using smartphones was also significantly higher in the HRU group (Mhours = 5.1, p < .001). The main factors associated with IA were depression, gender and anxiety, but the variable "having children" was the most influential in the IA network. These findings suggest that psychiatric symptoms are the main factors associated with IA among the adult population.
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Conducta Adictiva/diagnóstico , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/diagnóstico , Adulto , Conducta Adictiva/psicología , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Trastorno de Adicción a Internet/psicología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Abstract Introduction To improve the comprehension of the interface between smartphone addiction (SA) and Facebook addiction (FA), we hypothesize that the occurrence of both technological addictions correlate, with higher levels of negative consequences. Moreover, we hypothesize that SA is associated with lower levels of social support satisfaction. Methods We recruited a convenience sample of undergraduate students from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, with age ranging between 18 and 35 years. All subjects completed a self-fulfilled questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, the Brazilian Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI-BR), the Bergen Scale for Facebook Addiction, the Barrat Impulsivity Scale 11 (BIS-11), the Social Support Satisfaction Scale (SSSS), and the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8). After completing the questionnaire, the interviewer conducted a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Results In the univariate analysis, SA associated with female gender, with ages 18 to 25 years, FA, substance abuse disorders, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, low scores in SSSS, high scores in BSSS-8, and high scores in BIS. The group with SA and FA presented a higher prevalence of substance abuse disorders, depression, and anxiety disorders when compared to the group with SA only. Conclusion In our sample, co-occurrence of SA and FA correlated with higher levels of negative consequences and lower levels of social support satisfaction. These results strongly suggest that SA and FA share some elements of vulnerability. Further studies are warranted to clarify the directions of these associations.
Resumo Introdução Para melhorar a compreensão da interface entre dependência de smartphone (DS) e a dependência de Facebook (DF), avaliamos a hipótese de que a ocorrência simultânea de ambas as dependências corelaciona-se com o número de consequências negativas por elas produzidas. Além disso, avaliamos se a DS está associada a níveis mais baixos de satisfação com o suporte social. Método Recrutamos uma amostra de conveniência de estudantes de graduação da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, na faixa de 18 e 35 anos. Todos os sujeitos preencheram o questionário avaliando dados sociodemográficos e contendo a versão brasileira do Smartphone Addiction Inventory, a Escala de Bergen para DF, a Escala de Impulsividade de Barrat 11 (BIS-11), a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (SSSS) e a Escala Breve de Busca de Sensações (BSSS-8). Após o preenchimento do questionário, os entrevistadores realizaram a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Resultados Na análise univariada, a DS associou-se ao sexo feminino, pessoas na faixa de idade entre 18 e 25 anos, rastreio para DF, transtornos por uso de substâncias, transtorno depressivo maior, transtornos de ansiedade, baixos escores na SSSS, altos escores na BSSS-8 e altos escores na BIS. O grupo rastreado positivamente para DS e DF apresentou maior prevalência de transtornos por uso de substâncias, depressão e transtornos de ansiedade quando comparado ao grupo rastreado apenas para DS. Conclusão Na amostra avaliada, a comorbidade de DS e DF se correlacionou a níveis mais altos de consequências negativas e níveis mais baixos de satisfação com o suporte social. Esses resultados sugerem que DS e DF compartilham fatores de vulnerabilidade. Estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer a direção dessas associações.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes/psicología , Conducta Adictiva/etiología , Medios de Comunicación Sociales/estadística & datos numéricos , Teléfono Inteligente/estadística & datos numéricos , Satisfacción Personal , Pronóstico , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Apoyo Social , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Brasil , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Adictiva/diagnóstico , Conducta Adictiva/psicologíaRESUMEN
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00073.].
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Introduction: Smartphone Addiction (SA) has caused negative consequences and functional impairments in college students, such as reduction of academic performance and impairment in sleep quality. Studies have shown that individuals with chemical and behavioral dependencies have a bias in decision-making process, which leads to short-term advantageous choices even if they cause long-term harm. This bias in decision-making process is accompanied by a change in somatic markers and is associated with the development and maintenance of addictive behavior. The decision-making process and the measurement of physiological parameters have not yet been analyzed in SA. The neuropsychological and physiological characterization of the SA can contribute to its approach with the other dependency syndromes and to its recognition as a disease. Objective: we aimed to evaluate the decision-making process under risk and under ambiguity in individuals with SA and to measure the physiological parameters that accompany this process. Method: We compared the performance in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Game of Dice Task (GDT) and skin conductance response (SCR) between 50 individuals with SA and 50 controls. Results: Smartphone dependents presented a profile of impairment in decision-making under ambiguity, without impairment in decision-making under risk. They demonstrated lower SCR before disadvantageous choices, higher SCR after rewards and lower SCR after punishments during decision-making, which suggests difficulty in recognizing disadvantageous alternatives, high sensitivity to rewards, and low sensitivity to punishments. Conclusion: The impairment in the decision-making process in smartphone dependents is similar to that found in other chemical and behavioral addictions, such as alcohol addiction, gambling disorders and pathological buy. The impairment in decision under ambiguity with preservation of decision under risk may reflect dysfunction of implicit emotional processes without dysfunction of explicit cognitive process. This profile can contribute to the recognition of SA as a behavioral dependence and to guide specific preventive and therapeutic strategies.