RESUMEN
Cosmetic and medical tattooing is miniaturized tattooing of high precision and thus requires many dedicated utensils including advanced devices for marking and anatomical delineation. Symmetry is a special demand, as is aesthetic outcome, building on perfectionated detail. The artist shall master design and strategy along with advanced technical performance helped by having and using the right tools. This article reviews and illustrates the many special utensils involved in good-practice cosmetic and medical tattooing, exemplified by selected tools used for cleansing, disinfection, pre-operative measurement and marking, and special tattoo machines, cartridges, microblades and needles. Personal protective equipment used to prevent infections among technicians and customers are also illustrated. Educational tools, such as face phantoms and eyebrow mats, are displayed. Mastering cosmetic and medical tattooing is a challenge and involves mastering the many auxiliaries along with needle configurations, machines, inks and the whole setting of the activity. This review is an illustrated practical record and a guideline to good professional practice.
Asunto(s)
Tatuaje , Humanos , Desinfección , Agujas , TintaRESUMEN
Determining the optical polarization properties of a skin lesion is a proposed method to differentiate melanoma from other skin lesions. We developed an in vivo Stokes polarimetry probe that fires a laser of known polarization at the skin and measures the Stokes parameters of the backscattered light in one shot. From these measured Stokes parameters, we can calculate the degree of polarization (DOP). Through testing on rough skin phantoms, a correlation between backscattered DOP and skin roughness was identified for both linear and circular input polarization, the latter of which was found to be more useful. In a pilot clinical trial of 69 skin lesions in vivo, it was found that the mean DOP for melanoma (linear input on melanoma: 0.46 ± 0.09) was greater than that of other lesions (linear input on all other lesions: 0.28 ± 0.01). This separation is greater for circular polarized input light, and it is likely that circular polarized light's greater sensitivity to surface roughness contributes to this result. In addition, all skin lesions demonstrated a stronger depolarizing effect on circular polarized light than linear polarized light. We have identified DOP as a potentially useful measurement to identify melanoma among other types of skin lesions.