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Luminous marine bacteria are traditionally used as a bioassay due to the convenience and high rate of registering the intensity of their physiological function - luminescence. This study aimed to develop the application of Photobacterium phosphoreum in traditional and novel fields - toxicity monitoring and biotechnology. We demonstrated (1) effects of selenite ions on bioluminescence, and (2) biotransformation of selenite to selenium(0) in the form of nanoparticles. The effects of selenite (SeO32-) on the intensity of bacterial bioluminescence were studied, and its dependencies on exposure time and concentration of Na2SeO3 were analyzed. Bioluminescence activation and inhibition were revealed; dose-effect dependencies corresponded to the hormesis model. The toxicity of SeO32- was characterized by an effective concentration of 10-3 M. Effects of SeO32- on reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial suspensions were studied. High positive correlations were found between the bioluminescence intensity and ROS content, which indicates the decisive role of ROS and associated redox processes in the bioeffects of selenite ions. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of nano-structures in the bacteria exposed to selenite. The energy dispersion spectrum detected a high content of selenium in the nanoparticles. The particle size distribution depended on Na2SeO3 concentration; maxima of the distribution varied within 45-55 nm.
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Based on the important feature of sulfur with excellent selectivity toward selenite in the presence of selenate, a simple and low-cost adsorbent of solid phase extraction known as sulfur loading activated carbon (SAC-6) was successfully prepared and applied for selenite (Se(IV)) analysis in water. Microstructure and morphological characteristics of SAC-6 had been identified by XRD, TEM, BET and FT-IR. In the static adsorption experiments, Se(IV) could be separated in a wide range of pH values (pH=3-11). The retention process of Se(IV) onto SAC-6 was characterized as spontaneous exothermic reaction. An obvious change of adsorption mechanism occurred in static and dynamic adsorption processes shown that the behaviors followed monolayer and hybrid adsorption. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of SAC-6 calculated by Langmuir-Freundlich was 13.48 mg/g. The microcolumn filled with SAC-6 was applied to extract Se(IV) in water solution. The detection limit of Se(IV) analytical procedure was confirmed as 0.27 µg/L within a linear range of 10-1000 µg/L. A good precision with relative standard deviation of 1.34 % (100 µg/L, n = 6) was achieved. The high adaptability and accuracy of SAC-6 microcolumn was validated by analyzing natural water samples and certified reference materials. Our work successfully excavated the application value of the sulfur selectivity, and also provided a new adsorbent for Se(IV) extraction and analysis.
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Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element known for its significant role in maintaining human health and mitigating disease progression. Selenium and its compounds exhibit high selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, their anti-cervical cancer (CC) effects and underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored. This study found that sodium selenite (SS) inhibits the viability of HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Intraperitoneal injection of 3 and 6 mg/kg SS for 14 days in female nude mice significantly inhibited the growth of HeLa cell xenografts without evident hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity. RNA sequencing results indicated that the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Forkhead box protein O (FOXO), and apoptosis signaling pathways are key regulatory pathways in SS's anti-CC effects, and SS's inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation may be related to autophagy and ROS-induced apoptosis. Further research has revealed that SS induces cell autophagy and apoptosis through the AMPK/mTOR/FOXO3a pathway, characterized by the upregulation of p-AMPK/AMPK, FOXO3a, LC3-II, cleaved-caspase3, and cleaved-PARP and the downregulation of p-mTOR/mTOR and p62. Additionally, SS impaired mitochondrial function, including decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, and accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Pretreatment with Mitoquinone mesylate (Mito Q) and compound C partially reversed SS-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation inhibition. Pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) enhances SS-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition in HeLa cells but reverses these effects in SiHa cells. In summary, SS induces apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation inhibition in HeLa and SiHa cells through the activation of the AMPK/mTOR/FOXO3a signaling pathway via mtROS. Autophagy activation may be a major risk factor for SS-induced apoptosis in SiHa cells but can protect HeLa cells from SS-induced apoptosis. These findings provide new evidence for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying SS in potential new drug development for CC.
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Selenium supplements are beneficial to human health, however, concerns regarding the toxicity of inorganic selenium have stimulated research on safer organic compounds. The main objective of this study was to develop a novel glucosamine-selenium compound (Se-GlcN), clarify its structure, and subsequently investigate its oral toxicity and in vitro anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity. Electron microscopy, infrared, ultraviolet spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analyses revealed a unique binding mode of Se-GlcN, with the introduction of the Se-O bond at the C6 position, resulting in the formation of two carboxyl groups. In acute toxicity studies, the median lethal dose (LD50) of Se-GlcN in ICR mice was 92.31 mg/kg body weight (BW), with a 95 % confidence interval of 81.88-104.07 mg/kg BW. A 30-day subchronic toxicity study showed that 46.16 mg/kg BW Se-GlcN caused livers and kidneys damage in mice, whereas doses of 9.23 mg/kg BW and lower were safe for the livers and kidneys. In vitro studies, Se-GlcN at 1.25 µg/mL exhibited good anti-HBV activity, significantly reducing HBsAg, HBeAg, 3.5 kb HBV RNA and total HBV RNA by 45 %, 54 %, 84 %, 87 %, respectively. In conclusion, the Se-GlcN synthesized in this study provides potential possibilities and theoretical references for its use as an organic selenium supplement.
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Antivirales , Glucosamina , Virus de la Hepatitis B , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Animales , Virus de la Hepatitis B/efectos de los fármacos , Glucosamina/química , Glucosamina/farmacología , Ratones , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/síntesis química , Antivirales/química , Antivirales/toxicidad , Administración Oral , Masculino , Selenio/química , Selenio/farmacología , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Humanos , Femenino , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/patología , Células Hep G2 , Antígenos de Superficie de la Hepatitis B/metabolismoRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. With the development of high-throughput gene sequencing technology, homeostasis imbalance of the intestinal microbiota has been proven to play a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Furthermore, fecal bacteria transplantation (FMT) has been shown to alter the intestinal microecology, and is potentially an effective treatment for CRC. Sodium selenite plays an important role in anticancer adjuvant therapy due to its high pro-oxidation characteristics. In this study, a murine CRC tumor model was induced by AOM/DSS, and CRC mice were treated by FMT, sodium selenite, and FMT combined with sodium selenite. The results showed that FMT, sodium selenite, and FMT combined with sodium selenite inhibited the occurrence of CRC in mice, increased the abundance of beneficial intestinal bacteria, produced different microorganisms, and changed the metabolic pathways of the intestinal microbiota. In summary, FMT, sodium selenite, and FMT combined with sodium selenite can inhibit the occurrence of CRC by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and regulating phenotypes and metabolic pathways. Notably, the effect of FMT combined with sodium selenite in reducing the number of tumors, protecting intestinal tissues, and restoring the diversity and richness of the intestinal microbiota is superior to that of FMT alone or sodium selenite alone. The results of this study provide new ideas for the application of FMT and selenium in the treatment of CRC.
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The combined chemotoxicity and radiotoxicity associated with uranium, utilized in nuclear industry and military applications, poses significant threats to human health. Among uranium pollutants, uranyl is particularly concerning due to its high absorptivity and potent nephrotoxicity in its + 6 valence state. Here, we have serendipitously found Na2SeO3 facilitates the conversion of U(VI) to U(IV) precipitates. A novel approach involving nano-chitosan loaded internally with melatonin and externally modified with selenite (NPs Cs-Se/MEL) was introduced. This modification not only enhances the conversion of U(VI) to U(IV) but also preserves the spherical nanostructure and specific surface area, leading to increased adsorption of U(VI) compared to unmodified samples. Selenite modification improves lysosomal delivery in HEK-293 T cells and kidney distribution of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, NPs Cs-Se/MEL demonstrated a heightened uranium concentration in urine and exhibited remarkable efficiency in uranium removal, resulting in a reduction of uranium deposition in serum, kidneys, and femurs by up to 52.02 %, 46.79 %, and 71.04 %, respectively. Importantly, NPs Cs-Se/MEL can be excreted directly from the kidneys into urine when carrying uranium. The results presented a novel mechanism for uranium adsorption, making selenium-containing nano-materials attractive for uranium sequestration and detoxification.
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Quitosano , Melatonina , Nanopartículas , Ácido Selenioso , Uranio , Humanos , Uranio/química , Células HEK293 , Melatonina/administración & dosificación , Melatonina/química , Melatonina/farmacocinética , Quitosano/química , Nanopartículas/química , Ácido Selenioso/química , Animales , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Adsorción , Masculino , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. The role of intestinal microbiota in carcinogenesis has also become an important research topic, and CRC is closely related to the intestinal microbiota. Selenium-containing compounds have attracted more attention as anticancer drugs as they can have minimal side effects. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the effect of sodium selenite and selenomethionine on the microbial communities of nude mice with CRC. A CRC ectopic tumorigenesis model was established by subcutaneously injecting HCT116 cells into nude mice. The mice were then intraperitoneally injected with sodium selenite and selenomethionine for 24 days to regulate their intestinal microbiota. Compared with sodium selenite, selenomethionine resulted in a greater reduction in the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota in nude mice with CRC, and the richness and diversity were closer to healthy levels. Selenomethionine also regulated a wider variety of flora. Additionally, sodium selenite and selenomethionine produced different microorganisms, changed function and metabolic pathways in the intestinal microbiota. Both sodium selenite and selenomethionine have certain effects on restoring the intestinal microbial diversity in nude mice with CRC, and the effect of selenomethionine is better than that of sodium selenite.
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To compare the effects of organic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs, Se0) and inorganic sodium selenite (NaSe, Na2SeO3, Se4+) on the antioxidant response in maternal and fetal rat liver, pregnant females were treated with two forms of selenium (Se) at equivalent doses during gestation (0.5 mg SeNPs or 0.5 mg NaSe/kg body weight/day). Structural parameters of the liver of gravid females and their fetuses were examined in a sex-specific manner. The oxidative stress parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), total glutathione (GSH) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were established. In addition, the Se concentration was determined in the blood, liver, urine and feces of the gravid females and in the liver of the fetuses. The structure of the liver of gravid females remained histologically the same after supplementation with both forms of Se, while the oxidative stress in the liver was significantly lower after the use of SeNPs compared to NaSe. Immaturity of fetal antioxidant defenses and sex specificity were demonstrated. This study provides a detailed insight into the differences in the bioavailability of the nano form of Se compared to sodium selenite in the livers of pregnant females and fetuses.
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The purpose of this research was to see how different levels of Se-chitosan, a novel organic source of Se, affected the production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, microbial population, immunological response, antioxidant status, and yolk fatty acid profile of laying Japanese quail. This experiment used a totally randomized design, with 5 treatments, 6 repeats, and 10 birds in each repetition. The dietary treatment groups were as follows: no Se supplementation (control group), 0.2 mg/kg Na-selenite supplementation, and 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg Se-chitosan supplementation. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved linearly in quails fed different levels of Se-chitosan compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, Se-chitosan at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg demonstrated both linear and quadratic increases in albumen height, Haugh unit, and yolk color in fresh eggs compared to the control group. Additionally, Se-chitosan contributed to enhanced shell thickness and strength, along with an increased Se concentration in the yolk. Se-chitosan supplementation at different levels linearly and quadratically reduced coliforms (COL) while increasing lactic acid bacteria (LAB)/coliform ratios (P < 0.05). Se-chitosan supplementation linearly and quadratically increased the total antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and IgG titers (P < 0.05). It also linearly decreased the level of malondialdehyde in fresh and stored egg yolks and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase linearly, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) both linearly and quadratically in quail blood serum (P < 0.05). Additionally, supplementation of Se-chitosan at levels of 0.2 and 0.6 mg/kg linearly decreased the ∑ n-6 PUFA/∑ n-3 PUFA ratio in the yolk compared to the control group (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that incorporating Se-chitosan as a novel organic source of Se in the diet of laying quails can enhance production performance, egg quality, egg Se concentration, yolk lipid oxidation, microbial population, immune response, antioxidant enzyme activity, and yolk fatty acid profile.
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Alimentación Animal , Quitosano , Coturnix , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Selenio , Animales , Coturnix/fisiología , Coturnix/inmunología , Quitosano/administración & dosificación , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/química , Femenino , Óvulo/efectos de los fármacos , Óvulo/química , Óvulo/fisiología , Distribución Aleatoria , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Yema de Huevo/química , Antioxidantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in organisms that has a significant impact on physiological activity and gene expression in plants, thereby affecting growth and development. Humans and animals acquire Se from plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop worldwide. Improving the Se nutrient level not only is beneficial for growth, development and stress resistance in tomato plants but also contributes to improving human health. However, the molecular basis of Se-mediated tomato plant growth has not been fully elucidated. In this study, using physiological and transcriptomic analyses, we investigated the effects of a low dosage of selenite [Se(â £)] on tomato seedling growth. Se(IV) enhanced the photosynthetic efficiency and increased the accumulation of soluble sugars, dry matter and organic matter, thereby promoting tomato plant growth. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Se(IV) reprogrammed primary and secondary metabolic pathways, thus modulating plant growth. Se(IV) also increased the concentrations of auxin, jasmonic acid and salicylic acid in leaves and the concentration of cytokinin in roots, thus altering phytohormone signaling pathways and affecting plant growth and stress resistance in tomato plants. Furthermore, exogenous Se(IV) alters the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby modulating plant growth and development in tomato plants. Taken together, these findings provide important insights into the regulatory mechanisms of low-dose Se(IV) on tomato growth and contribute to the breeding of Se-accumulating tomato cultivars.
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Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Solanum lycopersicum/efectos de los fármacos , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/metabolismo , Ácido Selenioso/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Fotosíntesis/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Secundario/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/metabolismo , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the protective role of Laurus Nobilis eye drops on selenite-induced cataracts in suckling rabbits. METHODS: Fifteen male albino suckling rabbits with no signs of ocular inflammation were randomly assigned to three groups: controls (Group A), sodium-selenite group (Group B) and sodium-selenite plus Laurus Nobilis group (Group C). By selenite treatment, cataract formation was experimentally induced and then graded. The grade of oxidative stress was defined in the lens, measuring the concentration of malondialdehyde, alpha-tocopherol, oxidized glutathione, ascorbic acid and hydrogen peroxide, and in blood samples as levels of alpha-tocopherol and malondialdehyde. RESULTS: Mean lens concentrations of GSSG, H2O2, and MDA levels in group B were significantly higher than in both group C and control. Ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations were lower in group B than in both group C and A. As plasma oxidative status markers, the level of MDA was higher in group B respected group C and A. The mean alpha-tocopherol levels in group B were significantly lower than in both group A and group C. CONCLUSIONS: In animals treated with Laurus Nobilis-based eye drops, inflammation was inhibited, and lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced. Laurus nobilis leaves extract represents a good source of antioxidant components that may contrast sodium selenite-induced cataractogenesis in suckling rabbits.
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BACKGROUND: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are increasingly gaining attention due to its characteristics of low toxicity, high activity, and stability. Additionally, Bacillus licheniformis, as a probiotic, has achieved remarkable research outcomes in diverse fields such as medicine, feed processing, and pesticides, attracting widespread attention. Consequently, evaluating the activity of probiotics and SeNPs is paramount. The utilization of probiotics to synthesize SeNPs, achieving large-scale industrialization, is a current hotspot in the field of SeNPs synthesis and is currently the most promising synthetic method. To minimize production costs and maximize yield of SeNPs, this study selected agricultural by-products that are nutrient-rich, cost-effective, and readily available as culture medium components. This approach not only fulfills industrial production requirements but also mitigates the impact on downstream processes. RESULTS: The experimental findings revealed that SeNPs synthesized by B. licheniformis F1 exhibited a spherical morphology with diameters ranging from 110 to 170 nm and demonstrating high stability. Both the secondary metabolites of B. licheniformis F1 and the synthesized SeNPs possessed significant free radical scavenging ability. To provide a more robust foundation for acquiring large quantities of SeNPs via fermentation with B. licheniformis F1, key factors were identified through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology (RSM) include a 2% seed liquid inoculum, a temperature of 37 â, and agitation at 180 rpm. Additionally, critical factors during the optimization process were corn powder (11.18 g/L), soybean meal (10.34 g/L), and NaCl (10.68 g/L). Upon validating the optimized conditions and culture medium, B. licheniformis F1 can synthesize nearly 100.00% SeNPs from 5 mmol/L sodium selenite. Subsequently, pilot-scale verification in a 5 L fermentor using the optimized medium resulted in a shortened fermentation time, significantly reducing production costs. CONCLUSION: In this study, the efficient production of SeNPs by the probiotic B. licheniformis F1 was successfully achieved, leading to a significant reduction in fermentation costs. The exploration of the practical applications of this strain holds significant potential and provides valuable guidance for facilitating the industrial-scale implementation of microbial synthesis of SeNPs.
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Bacillus licheniformis , Medios de Cultivo , Fermentación , Probióticos , Selenio , Bacillus licheniformis/metabolismo , Selenio/metabolismo , Medios de Cultivo/química , Probióticos/metabolismo , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/químicaRESUMEN
Selenium (Se)-rich Cyclocarya paliurus is popular for its bioactive components, and exogenous Se fortification is the most effective means of enrichment. However, the effects of exogenous Se fortification on the nutritional quality of C. paliurus are not well known. To investigate the nutrient contents and antioxidant properties of C. paliurus following Se treatment, we used a foliar spray to apply Se in two forms-chemical nano-Se (Che-SeNPs) and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3). Sampling began 10 days after spraying and was conducted every 5 days until day 30. The Se, secondary metabolite, malondialdehyde contents, antioxidant enzyme activity, Se speciation, and Se-metabolism-related gene expression patterns were analyzed in the collected samples. Exogenous Se enhancement effectively increased the Se content of leaves, reaching a maximum on days 10 and 15 of sampling, while the contents of flavonoids, triterpenes, and polyphenols increased significantly during the same period. In addition, the application of Se significantly enhanced total antioxidant activity, especially the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the alleviation of lipid peroxidation and Se content was observed, while methylselenocysteine formation was an effective means of alleviating Se stress. Finally, Na2SeO3 exhibited better absorption and conversion efficiency than Che-SeNPs in C. paliurus.
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Antioxidantes , Hojas de la Planta , Selenio , Selenito de Sodio , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Selenio/metabolismo , Selenio/análisis , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Selenito de Sodio/metabolismo , Juglandaceae/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Flavonoides/análisis , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Polifenoles/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Triterpenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is an acute renal complication that occurs after intravascular contrast agent administration. Sodium selenite (SS) is an inorganic source of Se and has potent antioxidant properties. This study intends to examine its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in CI-AKI. METHODS: A rat CI-AKI model was established with the pretreatment of SS (0.35 mg/kg). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was employed for histopathological analysis of rat kidney specimens. Biochemical analysis was conducted for renal function detection. Tissue levels of oxidative stress-related markers were estimated. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blotting showed the Nrf2 signaling-related protein expression in the rat kidney. RESULTS: SS administration alleviated the renal pathological changes and reduced the serum levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, cystatin C, and urinary level of kidney injury molecule-1 in CI-AKI rats. SS attenuated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in CI-AKI rat kidney tissues. SS activated the Nrf2 signaling transduction in the renal tissues of rats with CI-AKI. CONCLUSION: SS ameliorates CI-AKI in rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation via the Nrf2 signaling.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Medios de Contraste , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Transducción de Señal , Selenito de Sodio , Animales , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/prevención & control , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Ratas , Masculino , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Selenito de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Elementos de Respuesta Antioxidante , Inflamación/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Creatinina/sangreRESUMEN
Nanotechnology has been increasingly used in plant sciences, with engineered nanoparticles showing promising results as fertilizers or pesticides. The present study compared the effects in the foliar application of Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) or sodium selenite-Se(IV) on rice seedlings. The degree of plant growth, photosynthetic pigment content, and concentrations of Se, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb were evaluated. The results showed that the application of SeNPs at high concentrations (5 mg L-1), as well as the application of Se(IV), inhibited plant growth and increased the root concentrations of As and Pb. The application of SeNPs at 0.5 mg L-1 significantly increased Se accumulation in the aerial part from 0.161 ± 0.028 mg kg-1 to 0.836 ± 0.097 mg kg-1 without influencing physiological, chemical, or biochemical parameters. When applied to leaves, SeNPs tended to remain in the aerial part, while the application of Se(IV) caused a higher Se translocation from the shoots to the roots. This study provides useful information concerning the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of different Se formulations in rice seedlings and their effect on plant ionomic profiles, thus showing that the foliar application of SeNPs at low concentrations can be an effective and safe alternative for rice biofortification.
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Monascus species are functional fermentation fungi with great potential for selenium (Se) supplementation. This study investigated the effects of Se bio-fortification on the growth, morphology, and biosynthesis of Monascus ruber M7. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the yield of orange and red Monascus pigments (MPs) in red yeast rice (RYR) by 38.52% and 36.57%, respectively, under 20 µg/mL of selenite pressure. Meanwhile, the production of citrinin (CIT), a mycotoxin, decreased from 244.47 µg/g to 175.01 µg/g. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant upregulation of twelve genes involved in MPs biosynthesis, specifically MpigE, MpigF, and MpigN, and downregulation of four genes (mrr3, mrr4, mrr7, and mrr8) associated with CIT biosynthesis. Additionally, three genes encoding cysteine synthase cysK (Log2FC = 1.6), methionine synthase metH (Log2FC = 2.2), and methionyl-tRNA synthetase metG (Log2FC = 1.8) in selenocompound metabolism showed significantly upregulated. These findings provide insights into Se biotransformation and metabolism in filamentous fungi.
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Biofortificación , Citrinina , Monascus , Ácido Selenioso , Selenio , Monascus/metabolismo , Monascus/genética , Monascus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Selenio/metabolismo , Ácido Selenioso/metabolismo , Citrinina/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Fermentación , Productos BiológicosRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of nanoparticle selenium (SeNP) and sodium selenite (SS) on preventing oxidative stress during the freezing process of dog semen. A total of six dogs were used in the study. The ejaculate was collected from dogs three times at different times by massage method. A total of 18 ejaculates were used and each ejaculate was divided in five experimental groups. The experimental groups were designed to tris extender containing no antioxidants control, 1 µg/mL SeNP1, 2 µg/mL SeNP2, and 1 µg/mL SS1 and 2 µg/mL SS2. Extended semen were equilibrated for 1 h at 4°C, then frozen in liquid nitrogen vapour and stored in liquid nitrogen (~-196°C). After thawing, semen samples were evaluated in terms of CASA motility and kinematic parameters, spermatozoa plasma membrane integrity and viability (HE Test), spermatozoa morphology (SpermBlue) and DNA fragmentation (GoldCyto). Antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase; GPX, superoxide dismutase; SOD, catalase; CAT) and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA) were evaluated in frozen-thawed dog sperm. When the results were evaluated statistically, the progressive motility, VCL, and VAP kinematic parameters in the SeNP1 group were significantly higher than the control group after thawing (p < .05). The highest ratio of plasma membrane integrity and viable spermatozoa was observed in the SeNP1 group, but there was no statistical difference found between the groups (p > .05). Although the ratio of total morphological abnormality was observed to be lower in all groups to which different selenium forms were added, compared to the control group, no statistical difference was found. Spermatozoa tail abnormality was significantly lower in the SeNP1 group than in the control and SS2 group (p < .05). The lowest ratio of fragmented DNA was observed in the SeNP1 group, but there was no statistical difference was found between the groups (p > .05). Although there was no statistical difference between the groups in the evaluation of sperm antioxidant profile, the highest GPX, SOD and CAT values and the lowest lipid peroxidation values were obtained in the SeNP1 group. As a result, it was determined that 1 µg/mL dose of SeNP added to the tris-based extender in dog semen was beneficial on spermatological parameters, especially sperm kinematic properties and sperm morphology, and therefore nanoparticle selenium, a nanotechnology product, made a significant contribution to the freezing of dog semen.
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Antioxidantes , Criopreservación , Selenio , Preservación de Semen , Selenito de Sodio , Espermatozoides , Animales , Perros , Masculino , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Selenito de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Selenio/química , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Criopreservación/métodos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Nanopartículas , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Semen/veterinaria , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Crioprotectores/farmacología , CongelaciónRESUMEN
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to research on diseases related to the deposition of misfolded proteins (amyloids) in various organs. Moreover, modern scientists emphasise the importance of selenium as a bioelement necessary for the proper functioning of living organisms. The inorganic form of selenium-sodium selenite (redox-active)-can prevent the formation of an insoluble polymer in proteins. It is very important to undertake tasks aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action of this element in inhibiting the formation of various types of amyloid. Furthermore, yeast cells play an important role in this matter as a eukaryotic model organism, which is intensively used in molecular research on protein amyloidosis. Due to the lack of appropriate treatment in the general population, the problem of amyloidosis remains unsolved. This extracellular accumulation of amyloid is one of the main factors responsible for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. The review presented here contains scientific information discussing a brief description of the possibility of amyloid formation in cells and the use of selenium as a factor preventing the formation of these protein aggregates. Recent studies have shown that the yeast model can be successfully used as a eukaryotic organism in biotechnological research aimed at understanding the essence of the entire amyloidosis process. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the reaction of yeast to selenium and the phenomenon of amyloidosis is important in the aetiology and pathogenesis of various disease states. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further research and analysis aimed at explaining and confirming the role of selenium in the processes of protein misfolding disorders. The rest of the article discusses the characteristics of food protein amyloidosis and their use in the food industry. During such tests, their toxicity is checked because not all food proteins can produce amyloid that is toxic to cells. It should also be noted that a moderate diet is beneficial for the corresponding disease relief caused by amyloidosis.
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Tumor cells are characterized by a delicate balance between elevated oxidative stress and enhanced antioxidant capacity. This intricate equilibrium, maintained within a threshold known as redox homeostasis, offers a unique perspective for cancer treatment by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels beyond cellular tolerability, thereby disrupting this balance. However, currently used chemotherapy drugs require larger doses to increase ROS levels beyond the redox homeostasis threshold, which may cause serious side effects. How to disrupt redox homeostasis in cancer cells more effectively remains a challenge. In this study, we found that sodium selenite and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid extracted from marine fish, synergistically induced cytotoxic effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Physiological doses of DHA simultaneously upregulated oxidation and antioxidant levels within the threshold range without affecting cell viability. However, it rendered the cells more susceptible to reaching the upper limit of the threshold of redox homeostasis, facilitating the elevation of ROS levels beyond the threshold by combining with low doses of sodium selenite, thereby disrupting redox homeostasis and inducing MAPK-mediated paraptosis. This study highlights the synergistic anticancer effects of sodium selenite and DHA, which induce paraptosis by disrupting redox homeostasis in tumor cells. These findings offer a novel strategy for more targeted and less toxic cancer therapies for colorectal cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos , Homeostasis , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas , Oxidación-Reducción , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Selenito de Sodio , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/farmacología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Selenito de Sodio/farmacología , Humanos , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , ParaptosisRESUMEN
Selenium (Se) enhances the resistance of plants exposed to metal stress and can be used to lessen the impacts of toxic elements and to enhance the effectiveness of the plants used to clean up polluted sites. There is no information available about the optimum dose and form of Se to stimulate the camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum Medik) plant, which is one of the plants used in the phytostabilization of toxic elements. The impacts of selenate (Se-VI) and selenite (Se-IV) on the phytoremediation of toxic metals from loamy soils by camelthorn were investigated in a pot experiment. Se-VI and Se-IV were added to the soil at doses of 0, 5, and 10 mg Se kg-1 soil, and each treatment was repeated five times. Se-VI and Se-IV, significantly increased plant growth and nutrient uptake. The addition of Se, either from Se-VI or Se-IV, significantly increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, and the non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds, i.e., proline and phenols, compared to the control. The addition of Se strengthened the defense against metal stress, and Se-VI outperformed Se-IV in boosting camelthorn's resistance to hazardous metal contamination. Selenium increased the accumulation of metal in the root of camelthorn and reduced root-shoot transfer. The best technique to boost camelthorn plants' capacity to clean up metal-contaminated soils is to supplement them with selenium in the form of selenate at a concentration of 10 mg Se kg-1 soil.