RESUMEN

Marek's disease is caused by Mardivirus gallidalpha2, commonly known as Marek's disease virus (MDV). This pathogen infects various bird species resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. The meq gene, which is crucial for oncogenesis, has been extensively studied, but molecular investigations of MDV in noncommercial South American birds are limited. This study detected MDV in backyard and ornamental birds from Brazil and Peru and characterized the meq gene. MDV was confirmed in all seven outbreaks examined. Three isoforms of meq (S-meq, meq, and L-meq) and two to seven proline repeat regions (PRRs) were detected among the sequenced strains. At the amino acid level, genetic profiles with low and high virulence potential were identified. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the sequences into three distinct clusters. Selection pressure analysis revealed 18 and 15 codons under positive and negative selection, respectively. The results demonstrate significant MDV diversity in the studied birds, with both high and low virulence potentials. This study highlights the importance of monitoring and characterizing circulating MDV in backyard and ornamental birds, as they can act as reservoirs for future epidemiological outbreaks.

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Drought stress is a key limitation for plant growth and colonization of arid habitats. We study the evolution of gene expression response to drought stress in a wild tomato, Solanum chilense, naturally occurring in dry habitats in South America. We conduct a transcriptome analysis under standard and drought experimental conditions to identify drought-responsive gene networks and estimate the age of the involved genes. We identify two main regulatory networks corresponding to two typical drought-responsive strategies: cell cycle and fundamental metabolic processes. The metabolic network exhibits a more recent evolutionary origin and a more variable transcriptome response than the cell cycle network (with ancestral origin and higher conservation of the transcriptional response). We also integrate population genomics analyses to reveal positive selection signals acting at the genes of both networks, revealing that genes exhibiting selective sweeps of older age also exhibit greater connectivity in the networks. These findings suggest that adaptive changes first occur at core genes of drought response networks, driving significant network re-wiring, which likely underpins species divergence and further spread into drier habitats. Combining transcriptomics and population genomics approaches, we decipher the timing of gene network evolution for drought stress response in arid habitats.

Asunto(s)

Sequías , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Solanum , Estrés Fisiológico , Solanum/genética , Estrés Fisiológico/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Ecosistema , Evolución Molecular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , América del Sur , Selección Genética

RESUMEN

2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a highly valued building block, and optimizing its production by fermentation, particularly with crude glycerol, is crucial. Enterobacter aerogenes is a key microorganism for this process; however, there are limited studies addressing the inhibition effects of products and by-products on 2,3-BD production. This study investigates these inhibition effects to maximize 2,3-BD production. Final concentrations of 2,3-BD plus acetoin reached 89.3, 92.7, and 71.1 g.L-1 with productivities of 1.22, 1.69, and 0.99 g.L-1.h-1 in pure glycerol, glucose, and crude glycerol media, respectively. Acetic acid was the main by-product, with concentrations ranging from 10 to 15 g.L-1. The reinoculation of E. aerogenes cells highlighted the strong effect of 2,3-BD and acetic acid on microbial growth and metabolism, with the cultivation environment exerting selective pressure. Notably, cells reuse enhanced performance in crude glycerol media, achieving a specific productivity in relation to biomass (YP/X) of 9.18 g.g-1; about 25% higher than in fed-batch without cells reuse. By combining results from two fed-batch cycles, the total final concentration of 2,3-BD plus acetoin reached 99.4 g.L-1, alongside a 33% reduction in total acetic acid production with reused cells.

RESUMEN

Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) belongs to the genus Aveparvovirus and is implicated in enteric diseases like runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) in poultry. In RSS, chicken health is affected by diarrhea, depression, and increased mortality, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry. This study aimed to characterize the ChPV genomes detected in chickens with RSS through a metagenomic approach and compare the molecular and evolutionary characteristics within the Aveparvovirus galliform1 species. The intestinal content of broiler flocks affected with RSS was submitted to viral metagenomics. The assembled prevalent genomes were identified as ChPV after sequence and phylogenetic analysis, which consistently clustered separately from Turkey Parvovirus (TuPV). The strain USP-574-A presented signs of genomic recombination. The selective pressure analysis indicated that most of the coding genes in A. galliform1 are evolving under diversifying (negative) selection. Protein modeling of ChPV and TuPV viral capsids identified high conservancy over the VP2 region. The prediction of epitopes identified several co-localized antigenic peptides from ChPV and TuPV, especially for T-cell epitopes, highlighting the immunological significance of these sites. However, most of these peptides presented host-specific variability, obeying an adaptive scenario. The results of this study show the evolutionary path of ChPV and TuPV, which are influenced by diversifying events such as genomic recombination and selective pressure, as well as by adaptation processes, and their subsequent immunological impact.

Asunto(s)

Pollos , Evolución Molecular , Genoma Viral , Infecciones por Parvoviridae , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral , Animales , Pollos/virología , Enfermedades de las Aves de Corral/virología , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Parvoviridae/virología , Metagenómica , Parvovirinae/genética , Parvovirinae/clasificación , Parvovirus/genética , Parvovirus/clasificación

RESUMEN

Lignin valorization through heterogeneous photocatalysis is a promising pathway for obtaining value-added products, including chemical building blocks, biofuels, etc. However, several challenges still demand attention and resolution in this field. One of the key parameters in the heterogeneous photocatalytic process is the synthesis of efficient photocatalysts that can accomplish efficient and selective reactions. Selective conversion of lignin can be achieved by using heterojunction photocatalysts which can efficiently separate charge carriers' and promote selective reactions by band structure modulation. This work details a straightforward approach for synthesizing heterojunction photocatalysts based on Bi4Ti3O12 and BiOI involving the hydrothermal and co-precipitation methods. Additionally, the synthesized composites were employed in the selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol, a lignin-derived model compound, to produce high-value-added veratraldehyde. The experimental results showed that the BiOI/Bi4Ti3O12 heterojunction (12.5 mol % BiOI) showed superior activity with a veratraldehyde yield of 5.4 and 27.2 times higher than those of Bi4Ti3O12 and BiOI, respectively. The mechanistic studies revealed that the improved activity and selectivity were due to the enhanced charge carriers' separation and the suppression of reactive oxygen species formation through modulation of band structure. This study allows a green approach to lignin-derived biomass valorization to obtain high-value chemicals.

RESUMEN

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) has emerged as a viable endovascular treatment strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification, SIRT is currently recommended for early- and intermediate-stage HCC that is unsuitable for alternative locoregional therapies. Additionally, SIRT remains a recommended treatment for patients with advanced-stage HCC and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) without extrahepatic metastasis. Several studies have shown that SIRT is a versatile and promising treatment with a wide range of applications. Consequently, given its favourable characteristics in various scenarios, SIRT could be an encouraging treatment option for patients with HCC across different BCLC stages. Over the past decade, an increasing number of studies have focused on better understanding the prognostic factors associated with SIRT to identify patients who derive the most benefit from this treatment or to refine the optimal technical procedures of SIRT. Several variables can influence treatment decisions, with a growing emphasis on a personalised approach. This review, based on the literature, will focus on the prognostic factors associated with the effectiveness of radioembolization and related complications. By comprehensively analysing these factors, we aimed to provide a clearer understanding of how to optimise the use of SIRT in managing HCC patients, thereby enhancing outcomes across various clinical scenarios.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether it is the magnitude of early postnatal catch-up growth (CUG) in response to fetal growth restriction (FGR) or the FGR itself that negatively impacts cognitive outcome in a model of monochorionic twins discordant for fetal growth. STUDY DESIGN: This analysis is part of the LEMON study, a cohort study including all monochorionic twins with selective FGR aged 3 through 17 years. Growth measurements as documented by our primary care system were collected retrospectively. An age-appropriate neurodevelopmental test was performed generating a full-scale IQ (FSIQ). CUG at 2 years was calculated as (weight [kg] at 2 years-birth weight [kg]). We used a multivariable regression model investigating the association between FSIQ (outcome) and birth weight zscore, gestational age at birth and CUG at 2 years (predictors). Generalized estimating equations accounted for the fact that observations between cotwins are not independent. RESULTS: Median age at follow-up of the 46 included twin pairs was 11 (IQR 8-13) years. Birth weight z score and gestational age at birth were significantly associated with FSIQ, with ß-coefficients of 5.897 (95% CI 3.382-8.411), and 2.589 (95% CI 1.227-3.951), respectively (P < .0001). Adjusted for birth weight z score and gestational age, CUG in the first 2 years after birth was not significantly associated with FSIQ (ß-coefficient 0.108 [95% CI -1.373 to 1.590], P = .886). CONCLUSIONS: Our results, combining detailed growth measurements and neurodevelopmental follow-up in a discordant identical twin model, demonstrate that FGR itself rather than early postnatal CUG has negative consequences for cognitive development.

RESUMEN

The interaction between oral bacteria and dental implant surfaces is a critical factor in the success and longevity of dental implants. With advancements in additive manufacturing technologies, selective laser melting (SLM) has emerged as a prominent method for producing titanium implants with highly controlled microstructures and porosities. These 3D printed titanium surfaces offer significant benefits, such as enhanced osseointegration and improved mechanical properties. However, the same surface features that promote bone cell attachment and proliferation may also provide favorable conditions for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Understanding the dynamics of these interactions is essential for developing implant surfaces that can effectively resist bacterial colonization while promoting tissue integration. This narrative review explores the complex interplay between oral bacteria and SLM-produced titanium porous surfaces, examining current research findings and potential strategies for optimizing implant design to mitigate the risks of infection and ensure successful clinical outcomes.

RESUMEN

Wood-plastic composites are becoming increasingly recognized for their sustainability and their potential for use in various production processes. Nevertheless, enhancing their mechanical strength continues to be a difficult challenge. The objective of this research was to improve the mechanical strength of wood-plastic composite components manufactured through selective laser sintering (SLS). This was achieved by integrating a sustainable composite material, Prosopis chilensis (PCP), with polyethersulfone (PES) to form a composite referred to as PCPC. This study showcased the effect of various PCP particle sizes on mechanical strengths, dimensional accuracies (DAs), and surface roughness of PCPC parts manufactured using AFS-360 SLS. Single-layer sintering was employed to assess PCPC powder's formability with varying PCP particle sizes, and various tests were conducted to understand the materials' thermal properties and analyze particle dispersion and microstructure. The results demonstrated that PCP particle sizes ≤ 0.125 mm significantly enhanced the mechanical strength, forming quality, and DA compared to other particle sizes and pure PES. Key findings for PCPC parts with PCP ≤ 0.125 mm included a bending strength of 10.78 MPa, a tensile strength of 4.94 MPa, an impact strength of 0.91 kJ/m2, and a density of 1.003 g/cm3. Post-processing further improved these parameters, confirming that optimizing PCP particle size is crucial for enhancing the mechanical properties and overall quality of PCPC parts produced via SLS.

RESUMEN

Spinal cord epidural electrical stimulation (EES) has been successfully employed to treat chronic pain and to restore lost functions after spinal cord injury. Yet, the efficacy of this approach is largely challenged by the suboptimal spatial distribution of the electrode contacts across anatomical targets, limiting the spatial selectivity of stimulation. In this study, we exploited different ESS paradigms, designed as either Spatial-Selective Stimulation (SSES) or Orientation-Selective Epidural Stimulation (OSES), and compared them to Conventional Monopolar Epidural Stimulation (CMES). SSES, OSES, and CMES were delivered with a 3- or 4-contact electrode array. Amplitudes and latencies of the Spinally Evoked Motor Potentials (SEMPs) were evaluated with different EES modalities. The results demonstrate that the amplitudes of SEMPs in hindlimb muscles depend on the orientation of the electrical field and vary between stimulation modalities. These findings show that the electric field applied with SSES or OSES provides more selective control of amplitudes of the SEMPs as compared to CMES. We demonstrate that spinal cord epidural stimulation applied with SSES or OSES paradigms in the rodent model could be tailored to the functional spinal cord neuroanatomy and can be tuned to specific target fibers and their orientation, optimizing the effect of neuromodulation.

RESUMEN

Methane conversion to valuable chemicals is a highly challenging and desirable reaction. Photocatalysis is a clean pathway to drive this chemical reaction, avoiding the high temperature and pressure of the syngas process. Titanium dioxide, being the most used photocatalyst, presents challenges in controlling the oxidation process, which is believed to depend on the metal sites on its surface that function as heterojunctions. Herein, we supported different metals on TiO2 and evaluated their activity in methane photooxidation reactions. We showed that Ni-TiO2 is the best photocatalyst for selective methane conversion, producing impressively high amounts of methanol (1.600 µmol·g-1) using H2O2 as an oxidant, with minimal CO2 evolution. This performance is attributed to the high efficiency of nickel species to produce hydroxyl radicals and enhance H2O2 utilization as well as to induce carrier traps (Ti3+ and SETOVs sites) on TiO2, which are crucial for C-H activation. This study sheds light on the role of catalyst structure in the proper control of CH4 photoconversion.

RESUMEN

Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent insufficient nutritional and/or energy intake. ARFID, before referred to as "selective eating disorder", was introduced recently in the DSM-5 as a replacement for and expansion of the previous diagnosis. Individuals with ARFID may limit food variety and intake due to avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of the food or related to any adverse consequences of eating without the intention of losing weight and concerns of body image. The limited understanding of avoidant and restrictive eating poses challenges to effective treatment and management, impacting directly on the growth and development of children and adolescents. The ARFID neurobiological concept has not yet been clearly defined to clinical practice for nutritionists, thereby hindering screening and impeding the development of treatment recommendations. This narrative review provide useful practical information to consult the pathophysiology, the neurobiology, the clinical features, the assessment and the treatment for healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their clinical knowledge and management of this disorder.

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Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by persistent insufficient nutritional and/or energy intake. Individuals with ARFID exhibit limited food intake and variety, often due to a lack in eating, without the primary goal of weight loss. The limited understanding of avoidant and restrictive eating poses challenges in terms of effective treatment and management, which directly impacts the growth and development of children and adolescents, as well as their nutrition and psychosocial well-being. ARFID is a relatively recent diagnostic classification, representing a burgeoning field of study. The identification of diagnostic criteria and the pursuit of new knowledge in this area have only recently begun. Consequently, assessment tools and treatment strategies are still in the process of development and validation. This narrative review explored the neurobiological perspective of ARFID using the three-dimensional model, examined its etiology and risk factors, evaluated clinical screening and evaluation tools, discussed common clinical complications, and presented different types of nutritional, behavioural, and pharmacological interventions used in ARFID treatment.

RESUMEN

The evolution of neurosurgical approaches to spasticity spans centuries, marked by key milestones and innovative practitioners. Probable ancient descriptions of spasmodic conditions were first classified as spasticity in the 19th century through the interventions of Dr. William John Little on patients with cerebral palsy. The late 19th century witnessed pioneering efforts by surgeons such as Dr. Charles Loomis Dana, who explored neurotomies, and Dr. Charles Sherrington, who proposed dorsal rhizotomy to address spasticity. Dorsal rhizotomy rose to prominence under the expertise of Dr. Otfrid Foerster but saw a decline in the 1920s due to emerging alternative procedures and associated complications. The mid-20th century saw a shift toward myelotomy but the revival of dorsal rhizotomy under Dr. Claude Gros' selective approach and Dr. Marc Sindou's dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning. In the late 1970s, Dr. Victor Fasano introduced functional dorsal rhizotomy, incorporating electrophysiological evaluations. Dr. Warwick Peacock and Dr. Leila Arens further modified selective dorsal rhizotomy, focusing on approaches at the cauda equina level. Later, baclofen delivered intrathecally via an implanted programmable pump emerged as a promising alternative around the late 1980s, pioneered by Richard Penn and Jeffrey Kroin and then led by A. Leland Albright. Moreover, intraventricular baclofen has also been tried in this matter. The evolution of these neurosurgical interventions highlights the dynamic nature of medical progress, with each era building upon and refining the work of significant individuals, ultimately contributing to successful outcomes in the management of spasticity.

Asunto(s)

Espasticidad Muscular , Rizotomía , Rizotomía/historia , Rizotomía/métodos , Espasticidad Muscular/cirugía , Humanos , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/historia , Procedimientos Neuroquirúrgicos/métodos , Baclofeno/uso terapéutico , Baclofeno/historia , Parálisis Cerebral/cirugía , Parálisis Cerebral/historia , Historia del Siglo XVIII

RESUMEN

Some parasitic fungi can increase fitness by modifying the behavior of their hosts. These behaviors are known as extended phenotypes because they favor parasitic gene propagation. Here, we studied three lineages of Ophiocordyceps, a fungus that infects ants, altering their conduct before death. According to fungal strategy, ants may die in leaf litter, with entwined legs in branches, under the moss mat, or biting plant tissue. It is critical for parasites that the corpses stay at these places because Ophiocordyceps exhibit iteroparity, possibly releasing spores in multiple life cycles. Thus, we assumed substrate cadaver permanence as a fungi reproductive proxy and corpse height as a proxy of cadaver removal. We hypothesize that biting vegetation and dying in higher places may increase the permanence of ant corpses while avoiding possible corpse predation on the forest floor. We monitored over a year more than 4000 zombie ants in approximately 15 km2 of undisturbed tropical forest in central Amazonia. Our results show a longer permanence of corpses with increasing ground height, suggesting that the parasites may have better chances of releasing spores and infecting new hosts at these places. We found that the zombie ants that last longer on the substrate die under the moss mat in tree trunks, not necessarily biting vegetation. The biting behavior appears to be the most derived and complex mechanism among Ophiocordyceps syndromes. Our results put these findings under a new perspective, proposing that seemingly less complex behavioral changes are ecologically equivalent and adaptative for other parasite lineages.

Asunto(s)

Hormigas , Fenotipo , Hormigas/fisiología , Hormigas/microbiología , Hormigas/parasitología , Animales , Hypocreales/fisiología , Brasil , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos/fisiología

RESUMEN

Mitoviruses, which are considered evolutionary relics of extinct alpha-proteobacteria RNA phages, represent one of the simplest self-replicating biological systems. This study aims to quantitatively describe genomes and identify potential genomic signatures that support the protein phylogenetic-based classification criterion. Genomic variables, such as mononucleotide and dinucleotide composition, codon usage bias, and minimal free energy derived from optimized predicted RNA secondary structure, were analyzed. From the values obtained, the main evolutionary pressures were discussed, indicating that natural selection plays a significant role in shaping mitovirus genomes. However, neutral evolution also makes a significant contribution. This study reveals a significant discovery of structural divergence in Kvaramitovirus. The energy minimization approach employed to study 2D folding in this study reveals a distinct spatial organization of their genomes, providing evidence for the hypothesis of a single evolutionary event of circularization in the most recent common ancestor of the lineage. This hypothesis was discussed in light of recent discoveries by other researchers that partially support the existence of mitoviruses with circular genomes. Finally, this study represents a significant advancement in the understanding of mitoviruses, as it quantitatively describes the nucleotide sequence at the family and genus taxonomic levels. Additionally, we provide hypotheses that can be experimentally validated to inspire new research and address the gaps in knowledge of this fascinating, basally divergent RNA virus lineage.

Asunto(s)

Evolución Molecular , Genoma Viral , Filogenia , Selección Genética , ARN Viral/genética , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Virus ARN/genética

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of composite resin restorations placed after selective caries removal to soft dentin (SCRSD) or stepwise excavation (SW) over an 18-month period. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with permanent molars and/or premolars presenting deep caries lesions (≥50 % of the dentin thickness). Teeth were submitted to SCRSD (n = 76) or SW (n = 76). Evaluations were performed based on FDI (World Dental Federation) criterion. Survival analysis was performed to estimate the survival of restorations and its association with clinical variables and socio-demographic characteristics (adjusted Weibull regression model). The study was registered on Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC 65ntbc). RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 18 months (mean ± SD 16.3 ± 3.4 months). Patients' ages ranged from 9 to 55 years (mean ± SD 29 ± 10.5 years). A total of 135 teeth (SCRSD = 72; SW = 63) from 101 patients were evaluated. There were 4 failures in the SCRSD group (2 loss of restoration in need of replacement and 2 marginal fractures in need of repair) and 2 in the SW group (fracture in need of repair). The association between explanatory variables and restoration failure showed similar success rates for SW (99.4 %) and SCRSD (97.9 %) (p = 0.16). Patients presenting gingivitis (≥20 % of sites with gingival bleeding) had 8.50 times more risk for failure than those with <20 % of bleeding sites (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This study showed that placing a composite resin restoration over soft dentin (after SCRSD) did not affect its clinical performance after 18 months. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: SCRSD is a feasible treatment option for the management of deep caries lesions in permanent teeth as it preserves tooth vitality and tooth structure without compromising restoration longevity.

Asunto(s)

Resinas Compuestas , Caries Dental , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental , Fracaso de la Restauración Dental , Restauración Dental Permanente , Dentina , Humanos , Caries Dental/terapia , Resinas Compuestas/química , Resinas Compuestas/uso terapéutico , Restauración Dental Permanente/métodos , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Niño , Adolescente , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Adulto Joven , Diente Molar , Materiales Dentales/química , Resultado del Tratamiento , Diente Premolar/cirugía

RESUMEN

A review on planar printed structures that are based on Matryoshka-like geometries is presented. These structures use the well-known principle of Matryoshka dolls that are successively nested inside each other. The well-known advantages of the planar printed technology and of the meandered nested Matryoshka geometries are combined to generate miniaturized, multi-resonance, and/or wideband configurations. Both metal and complementary slot structures are considered. Closed and open configurations were analyzed. The working principles were explored in order to obtain physical insight into their behavior. Low-cost and single-layer applications as frequency-selective surfaces, filters, antennas, and sensors, in the microwave frequency region, were reviewed. Potential future research perspectives and new applications are then discussed.

RESUMEN

Selective outcome reporting (SOR) can threaten the validity of results found in clinical trials. Some studies in the literature have analyzed SOR in dentistry, but there is no study that has observed SOR in clinical trials in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Impacted third molar surgery is one of the most used models in clinical trials to study mainly analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug interventions. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SOR in publications employing the third molar extraction clinical trial model, and to verify whether there was an association between the statistical significance of outcomes and other characteristics that could lead to SOR. A systematic search was performed on the ClinicialTrials.gov platform for randomized clinical trial protocols, using the condition of third molar extraction. The corresponding published articles were sourced in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases, and compared with the registered protocols regarding the methodological data, in terms of: sample calculation, primary outcome identification, end-point periods, insertion of new outcomes in the publication, and results of outcomes. 358 protocol records were retrieved; 87 presented their corresponding articles. SOR was identified in 28.74% of the publications, and had a significant relationship with changes in the protocol, insertions of new outcomes, and discrepancies in the types of study. General risk of bias was found to be low. There were associations between SOR and the discrepancies in terms of the type of study, the choice of new outcome, and changes in the history of protocol records. The prevalence of SOR in clinical research using the third molar extraction surgery model is moderate. The quality of the scientific reporting of the results and, consequently, the certainty of evidence relating to the intervention tested can be overstated, increasing the chances of misinterpretation by health professionals.

Asunto(s)

Tercer Molar , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Extracción Dental , Tercer Molar/cirugía , Humanos , Diente Impactado/cirugía , Sesgo de Publicación , Proyectos de Investigación

RESUMEN

In the species-rich family Vespertilionidae, vesper yellow bats in the genus Rhogeessa include eleven species, three of them endemic to Mexico. These insectivorous bats provide important ecosystem services, including pest control. Even though some aspects of their biology are well- known, only a few genomic resources are available for these species, which limits our understanding of their biology. In this study, we assembled and annotated the mitochondrial genome of four species: R. aenea, R. genowaysi, R. mira, and R. parvula. We generated a phylomitogenomic hypothesis based on translated protein-coding genes for a total of 52 species in the family Vespertilionidae and examined the phylogenetic position of the genus Rhogeessa and species within the family. The AT-rich mitogenomes of R. aenea, R. genowaysi, R. mira, and R. parvula are 16,763, 16,781, 16,807, and 16,794 pb in length, respectively. Each studied mitogenome encodes 13 Protein Coding Genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, and contains a putative control region (CR). All tRNAs exhibit a 'cloverleaf' secondary structure, except tRNA-Serine-1 that lacked the DHU arm in all studied mitogenomes. Selective pressure analyses indicated that all protein-coding genes are exposed to purifying selection. The phylomitogenomic analysis supported the monophyletic status of the family Vespertilionidae, confirmed the placement of Rhogeessa within the tribe Antrozoini, and clarified phylogenetic relationships within and among subfamilies and tribes in this family. Our results indicate that phylomitogenomics are useful to explore the evolutionary history of vesper bats. The assembly and comprehensive analysis of mitochondrial genomes offer the potential to generate molecular references and resources beneficial for genetic analyses aimed at understanding the ecology and evolution of these remarkable bats.

Asunto(s)

Quirópteros , Genoma Mitocondrial , Filogenia , Animales , Quirópteros/genética , Quirópteros/clasificación , México , ARN de Transferencia/genética , Genómica/métodos

RESUMEN

Anhedonia is clinically defined as difficulty or inability to feel pleasure or to be motivated to perform activities that were previously pleasurable. Anhedonia is a core feature of depressive disorders but can be present in other conditions such as substance use and anxiety disorders. Herein we report the case of a 34-year-old female who developed marked anhedonia after left cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy. Despite optimal seizure control, the person struggled with anhedonia and other depressive symptoms. After ruling out medico-neurologic complications, she was prescribed with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Anhedonia can be a challenging neuropsychiatric presentation that requires ruling out the effects of antiseizure medications, neurosurgery, and other drugs before prescribing antidepressants.