RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: While providing various benefits, concerns about the potential risks of kangaroo mother care, or skin-to-skin contact (SSC), between mother and her preterm infant hinder its widespread implementation in some resource- rich countries. In neonates, salivary chromogranin A (s-CgA) is elevated upon exposure to stress, whereas the perfusion index (PI) is associated with hemodynamics and peripheral perfusion. Here, we investigated the effects of SSC on s-CgA and the PI in preterm infants. METHODS: Twelve infants were enrolled in the study. Factors associated with baseline s-CgA were analyzed. Baseline s-CgA and the level after SSC were compared. Secreted IgA in the saliva was compared as the control. The PI before, throughout, and after SSC were compared. RESULTS: Baseline s-CgA was significantly lower in infants who were supplemented with baby formula milk in addition to breast milk before SSC (n = 2) compared with those fed with their mother's breast milk alone (n = 10, P = 0.03). SSC significantly decreased s-CgA in babies who were fed breast milk only before SSC (n = 10, P = 0.01) but not in those supplemented with formula milk before SSC (n = 2). Secreted IgA in saliva was not affected by SSC. The PI was significantly elevated during SSC (P = .01). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that SSC can reduce s-CgA levels when combined with mother's breast milk and increase the PI in preterm infants, thereby providing additional evidence of the benefit of SSC.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Of the major diagnostic specimen types, saliva is one of the most easily collected. Many studies have focused on the evaluation of salivary proteins secreted by healthy people and patients with various diseases during responses to acute mental stress. In particular, such studies have focused on cortisol, α-amylase, chromogranin A (CgA), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) as salivary stress markers. Each of these salivary stress markers has its own strengths and weaknesses as well as data gaps related to many factors including collection technique. In this review, we summarize the critical knowledge of the positive and negative attributes and data gaps pertaining to each salivary stress marker.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

<b>Objective</b>: To assess the effectiveness of preferred colored light on psychosomatic state.<br> <b>Methods</b>: Preferred color light and other colored light were projected on a screen and shown to experimental and control subjects. To determine the effect of such light, mood adjective scores as determined by the Multiple Mood Scale (MMS) were measured as an emotional parameter, and levels of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) and salivary immune globulin A were measured as biochemical parameters. This study was performed in a randomized, crossover design. These data were analyzed statistically and a<i> p </i>value less than 0.05 was considered significant.<br> <b>Results</b>: After being exposed to preferred colored lights, mean MMS scores indicating positive moods, such as well-being increased significantly (p = 0.025), and scores indicating negative moods, such as depression and boredom decreased significantly (p = 0.005, p = 0.041). Mean value of salivary CgA also decreased and was significantly different between experimental and control group (p < 0.001).<br> <b>Conclusion</b>: Preferred colored light may be effective in promoting a calm positive state.<br>

RESUMEN

<i>Objective</i>: To assess the effectiveness of color images as mood stimulants by using an image selection system.<br> <i>Methods</i>: Color images of flowers and seascapes, each mainly comprising of 5 colors, were arranged into a set of 50 images (10 images for each of 5 colors) on a personal computer and shown to 40 university students on stressful days during (i) an examination period and (ii) a non-examination period. The students selected color images according to their individual preferences by using an image selection system. To determine the effect of viewing the color images, mood adjective scores as determined by the Multiple Mood Scale (MMS) were measured as an emotional parameter, and the levels of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) and salivary cortisol were measured as biochemical parameters. These data were analyzed statistically and a <i>p</i> value less than 0.05 was considered significant.<br> <i>Results</i>: After viewing the color images, mean MMS scores indicating positive moods, such as well-being and friendliness increased significantly (p<0.05), and scores indicating negative moods, such as depression, boredom and hostility decreased significantly(p<0.05). The mean value of salivary CgA also decreased significantly after viewing the images (p<0.05).<br> <i>Conclusion</i>: Color images could possibly be used to induce a parasympathetically dominant state.<br>