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O estudo buscou compreender as percepções sobre a dengue em uma comunidade rural de Córdoba, Colômbia, com o objetivo de orientar ações específicas de enfermagem comunitária voltadas para o cuidado e a educação em saúde de pessoas, famílias e comunidades rurais. Foram realizadas 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas com chefes de família (13 homens e 7 mulheres), selecionados com base nos critérios de serem membros da comunidade há mais de 20 anos, se autoidentificarem como camponeses e terem no mínimo 18 anos de idade. O número de participantes foi determinado após alcançar a saturação teórica. As entrevistas foram transcritas e organizadas em uma matriz de análise para codificação, categorização e análise dos dados. Os achados revelaram três categorias analíticas: busca pelo conhecimento sobre a doença, práticas in situ e cuidados do passado e do presente. As famílias entrevistadas possuem conhecimento básico sobre a doença e o vetor causador, mantendo práticas familiares relacionadas ao uso de plantas medicinais para cuidados familiares e automedicação nas fases iniciais, devido à baixa percepção do risco. As famílias camponesas constroem representações socioculturais baseadas em solidariedade, apoio familiar e respeito pelo conhecimento dos idosos. A enfermagem é apresentada como ator essencial na coleta de práticas de cuidado para a elaboração e aplicação de planos de cuidado contextualizados de acordo com as necessidades do território. A pesquisa foi aprovada com o código SI-FCS-02-22, autorizando sua implementação.

The study sought to understand perceptions about dengue fever in a rural community in Córdoba, Colombia, with the aim of guiding specific community nursing actions aimed at health care and education for people, families and rural communities. 20 semi-structured interviews were carried out with heads of families (13 men and 7 women), selected based on the criteria of being members of the community for more than 20 years, self-identifying as peasants and being at least 18 years of age. The number of participants was determined after reaching theoretical saturation. The interviews were transcribed and organized into an analysis matrix for coding, categorization and data analysis. The findings revealed three analytical categories: search for knowledge about the disease, in situ practices and past and present care. The families interviewed have basic knowledge about the disease and the causative vector, maintaining family practices related to the use of medicinal plants for family care and self-medication in the early stages, due to low risk perception. Peasant families build sociocultural representations based on solidarity, family support and respect for the knowledge of the elderly. Nursing is presented as an essential actor in the collection of care practices for the elaboration and application of care plans contextualized according to the needs of the territory. The research was approved with code SI-FCS-02-22, authorizing its implementation.

El estudio buscó comprender las percepciones sobre el dengue en una comunidad rural de Córdoba, Colombia, para orientar acciones específicas de Enfermería comunitaria sobre cuidado y educación en salud para personas, familias y comunidades rurales, mediante la realización de 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas a los jefes de familia (13 hombres y 7 mujeres), seleccionados a partir de los siguientes criterios: miembros de la comunidad con permanencia de más de 20 años, autorreconocerse como campesinos y tener mínimo 18 años. El número de participantes se obtuvo una vez se alcanzó el punto de saturación teórica. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y organizadas en una matriz de análisis para su codificación, categorización y análisis. Los hallazgos arrojaron tres categorías analíticas: en búsqueda del conocimiento acerca de la enfermedad, las praxis in situ y cuidados del ayer y del hoy. Las familias entrevistadas poseen conocimiento básico sobre la enfermedad y el vector que la causa, conservan prácticas familiares relacionadas con el uso de plantas medicinales para el cuidado familiar y la automedicación en las fases iniciales ante la baja percepción del riesgo. Las familias campesinas construyen representaciones socioculturales a partir de la solidaridad, apoyo familiar y respeto por el conocimiento de los adultos mayores. Se presenta a Enfermería como actor esencial en la recopilación de prácticas de cuidado para la elaboración y aplicación de los planes de cuidado contextualizados y de cara a las necesidades del territorio. La investigación fue aprobada con el código SI-FCS-02-22, a partir del cual se autoriza su implementación.

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Maternal depression remains under characterised in many low- and middle-income countries, especially in rural settings. We aimed to describe maternal depression and anxiety symptoms in rural and urban communities in northern Ecuador and to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with these symptoms. Data from 508 mothers participating in a longitudinal cohort study were included. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25), and maternal psychological functioning was assessed using a checklist of daily activities. Tobit regression models were used to examine associations with sociodemographic variables and urbanicity. The median HSCL-25 score was 1.2 (IQR: 0.4) and 14% of women scored above the threshold for clinically relevant symptoms. Rural women reported similar food insecurity, less education, younger age of first pregnancy, and lower socio-economic status compared to their urban counterparts. After adjusting for these factors, rural women reported lower HSCL-25 scores compared to women lin urban areas (ß = -0.48, 95%CI:0.65, -0.31). Rural residence was also associated with lower depression and anxiety HSCL-25 sub-scale scores, and similar levels of maternal functioning, compared to urban residence. Our results suggest that both household and community-level factors are risk factors for maternal depression and anxiety in this context.

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Cuando se habla de memoria se lleva la idea del acto de recordar, no olvidar y construir identidad política; materializada en dispositivos como libros, archivos, exposiciones, informes y conmemoraciones (el producto), poco se habla de los medios que permiten su construcción desde actos dialógicos que posibilitan el encuentro y el compartir con otros(as). Se exponen los resultados de investigación, frente a aquellas condiciones dialógico/conversacionales que favorecen el intercambio para la entrega de saberes que dan continuidad a las memorias territoriales, y los elementos que llegan a limitar el circulo dialógico de la palabra y la acción concreta.

When we talk about memory, the idea of the act of remembering, not forgetting and building political identity is carried; materialized in devices, such as books, archives, exhibitions, reports, and commemorations (the product); little is said about the means that allow its construction from dialogic acts that enable the encounter and sharing with others. The research results are presented in relation to those dialogic/conversational conditions that favor the exchange for the delivery of knowledge that gives con tinuity to territorial memories, and the elements that limit the dialogic circle of the word and concrete action.

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The development of rural tourism destinations in China is confronting multiple issues, including blind expansion and a repetitive developmental model, causing the sector to enter a vicious competition cycle. The perception among tourists of rural tourism destinations, and their willingness to revisit places will provide insights for service providers that will enable them to form better strategies to stand out in the fiercely competitive market. Understanding tourist perception will enable providers to contribute to the construction of rural tourist destinations. Taking Ma Wei Yi Folk Culture Village as a case study, this paper combines the development status of rural tourism in Ma Wei Yi, obtains first-hand data through questionnaire interviews, verifies the research hypothesis, and uses Pearson coefficient to carry out correlation analysis. The paper concluded that tourists' rural perception has a positive and strong impact on their willingness to revisit, and its factors have different impacts. According to the empirical results, tourist destination providers should pay attention to rural perceptual development in their follow-up development and operation processes. They can effectively attract tourists to visit multiple times, enhance tourist's sense of enjoyable experience, and achieve sustainable development.

O desenvolvimento de destinos de turismo rural na China está enfrentando vários problemas, incluindo a expansão cega e um modelo de desenvolvimento repetitivo, fazendo com que o setor entre em um ciclo vicioso de competição. A percepção dos turistas sobre os destinos de turismo rural e sua vontade de revisitar os lugares fornecerão insights para os prestadores de serviços que os capacitarão a formar melhores estratégias para se destacar no mercado acirrado. Compreender a percepção do turista permitirá que os provedores contribuam para a construção de destinos turísticos rurais. Tomando a aldeia de cultura popular Ma Wei Yi como um estudo de caso, este artigo combina o status de desenvolvimento do turismo rural em Ma Wei Yi, obtém dados em primeira mão por meio de entrevistas por questionário, verifica a hipótese de pesquisa e usa o coeficiente de Pearson para realizar a análise de correlação. O artigo conclui que a percepção rural dos turistas tem um impacto positivo e forte na sua vontade de revisitar, e seus fatores têm impactos diferentes. De acordo com os resultados empíricos, os provedores de destinos turísticos devem prestar atenção ao desenvolvimento perceptivo rural em seus processos de desenvolvimento e operação de acompanhamento. Eles podem então efetivamente atrair turistas para visitar várias vezes, aumentar a sensação de experiência agradável do turista e alcançar o desenvolvimento sustentável.

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Resumo O mundo rural é um território de extrema importância para a sociedade como um todo; não obstante, tende ainda a ser visto como algo separado desta e, muitas vezes marginalizado em relação ao meio urbano. Além disso, é tido como um espaço atrasado, desatualizado e rústico em alguns contextos, como no brasileiro. A falta de acesso a bens sociais acaba por limitar as perspectivas da pessoa que vive nesse território, diminuindo sua autonomia e oportunidade de escolhas com relação à sua própria vida. Tanto no âmbito mundial quanto nacional, a terapia ocupacional, em suas diferentes subáreas, tem buscado contribuir para a resolução de problemáticas que envolvem contextos e sujeitos diversos que ocupam e vivem no meio rural. Assim, o objetivo primário deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de escopo que abrangesse publicações nacionais e estrangeiras, procurando apreender, sistematizar e divulgar a produção científica na interface da terapia ocupacional com o mundo rural, analisando-a criticamente, de modo a perceber suas potencialidades e fragilidades, considerando as diversas ruralidades e contextos mundo afora. Foram encontrados resultados dos cinco continentes com dados necessários para essa sistematização e para uma síntese dessa produção. Tais resultados foram estudados, analisados e distribuídos em seis categorias configuradas a partir dos assuntos específicos abordados. Conclui-se que estudos relevantes foram realizados na interface terapia ocupacional-mundo rural, voltando-se a fatores que influenciam a atuação profissional nesses territórios, ao mesmo tempo em que propõem métodos, estratégias e programas de prática e formação para superar importantes desafios.

Abstract The rural world is a territory of extreme importance for society as a whole; nevertheless, it still tends to be seen as something separate from it and often marginalized in relation to the urban environment. In addition, it is seen as a backward, outdated and rustic space in some contexts, such as the Brazilian one. The lack of access to social goods ends up limiting the perspectives of people living in this territory, reducing their autonomy and opportunity to make choices about their own lives. Both worldwide and nationally, occupational therapy, in its different subareas, has sought to contribute to the resolution of problems involving different contexts and subjects who occupy and live in rural areas. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to carry out a scope review that covered national and foreign publications, seeking to apprehend, systematize and disseminate scientific production in the interface of occupational therapy with the rural world, critically analyzing it, in order to perceive its potential and weaknesses, considering the different ruralities and contexts around the world. Results from five continents were found with data necessary for this systematization and for a synthesis of this production. Such results were studied, analyzed and distributed in six categories configured from the specific subjects addressed. It is concluded that relevant studies were carried out in the occupational therapy-rural world interface, focusing on factors that influence professional performance in these territories, while proposing methods, strategies and practice, and training programs to overcome important challenges.

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Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar como os jovens rurais vivenciam os valores rurais nos seus relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais no Sertão de Pernambuco. O desenho metodológico foi pautado na pesquisa no cotidiano, por meio da observação participante, e de entrevistas com jovens estudantes de uma escola pública da região. Apesar das mudanças nas áreas rurais, os jovens vivenciam valores camponeses alicerçados no interconhecimento, no valor-família, honra familiar e nas hierarquias intergeracional e de gênero. No cotidiano, criam resistências que objetivam outras possibilidades de existência e de vivências afetivo-sexuais, por meio de deslocamentos, linhas de fugas e recusas parciais desses valores.

This article aims to analyze how rural youth experience rural values in their affective-sexual relationships in the rural area of Pernambuco. The methodological design was based on daily research, through participant observation, and interviews with young students from a public school in the region. Despite changes in rural areas, young people experience peasant values based on inter-knowledge, family value, family honor and intergenerational and gender hierarchies. In everyday life, they create resistance, which aim at other possibilities of existence and affective-sexual experiences, through displacements, lines of escape and partial refusals of these values.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo los jóvenes rurales experimentan los valores rurales en sus relaciones afectivo-sexuales en el área rural de Pernambuco. El diseño metodológico se basó en la investigación diaria, a través de la observación participante, y entrevistas con jóvenes estudiantes de una escuela pública de la región. A pesar de los cambios en las zonas rurales, los jóvenes experimentan valores campesinos basados en el interconocimiento, el valor familiar, el honor familiar y las jerarquías intergeneracionales y de género. En la vida cotidiana crean resistencias, que apuntan a otras posibilidades de existencia y vivencias afectivo-sexuales, a través de desplazamientos, líneas de escape y rechazos parciales de estos valores.

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Objetivo: Identificar los tipos de estudios realizados sobre el conflicto armado colombiano, sus campos interdisciplinares, métodos y técnicas, así como las concepciones acerca de conflicto armado y ruralidad utilizados en los mismos, y su pertinencia para la salud pública. Metodología: En esta investigación, de índole cualitativa y metateórica, se efectuó una revisión narrativa, para lo cual se empleó un protocolo de búsqueda de artículos, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se incluyeron artículos y trabajos de investigación existentes en bases de datos y repositorios institucionales, los cuales fueron sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: En su mayoría, los estudios analizados provienen de repositorios institucionales universitarios y, en términos disciplinares, surge de las ciencias sociales, humanas y políticas. Por consiguiente, los métodos investigativos utilizados son mayormente los acuñados en dichas disciplinas, como el etnográfico y las historias de vida, aunque se presentan métodos correlacionales y experimentales. Pocos trabajos utilizan referentes conceptuales o teóricos explícitos sobre el conflicto armado y la ruralidad, lo que genera inquietudes académicas, éticas y políticas respecto a las formas en que se comprenden y abordan las realidades en estos temas. De 101 trabajos analizados, solo 7 pertenecen el campo de la salud, y de estos, únicamente 1 al campo de la salud pública. Este hallazgo resulta notable, dados los múltiples efectos que ha generado el conflicto sobre la salud y la vida de diferentes grupos de la población colombiana. Conclusión: Los efectos de la violencia, las guerras, los conflictos y sus efectos sobre la salud poblacional han sido objeto de interés de organismos internacionales y nacionales, y de algunos académicos del campo de la salud pública. Se hace necesario un mayor protagonismo de la salud pública frente a los efectos del conflicto colombiano sobre la población.

Objective: To identify the types of studies conducted on the Colombian armed conflict, their interdisciplinary fields, methods, techniques, as well as the conceptions of armed conflict and rurality used in these studies and their relevance for public health. Methodology: In this qualitative and meta-theoretical study, we conducted a narrative review, which involved using a search protocol for selecting papers following inclusion and exclusion criteria. We included articles and research papers subjected to content analysis that were found in institutional repositories and databases. Results: Most of the analyzed studies are from university institutional repositories and, in disciplinary terms, from social, human, and political sciences. Thus, the research methods that are used are primarily those coined in these fields, such as the ethnographic and life stories methods, although correlational and experimental methods are also included. Few works use explicit conceptual or theoretical references to armed conflict and rurality. This generates academic, ethical, and political concerns regarding how the realities of these issues are understood and addressed. Of the 101 papers we analyzed, only 7 belong to the field of healthcare, and of these, only 1 belongs to the field of public health. This finding is noteworthy, given the multiple effects that the conflict has had on the health and lives of various groups of the Colombian population. Conclusion: The effects of violence, wars, conflicts, and their effects on population health have been the subject of interest of international and national bodies and of some academics in the field of public health. There is a need for a stronger role of public health in addressing the effects of the Colombian conflict on the population.

Objetivo: Identificar os tipos de estudos realizados sobre o conflito armado colombiano, seus campos interdisciplinares, métodos e técnicas, assim como as concepções sobre o conflito armado e a ruralidade neles utilizados e sua pertinência para a saúde pública. Metodologia: Nesta pesquisa, qualitativa e metateórica, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, em que se empregou um protocolo de busca de artigos, com critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Incluíram-se artigos e trabalhos de pesquisa existentes em bases de dados e repositorios institucionais, que foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Em sua maioria, os estudos analisados provêm de repositórios institucionais universitários e, em termos disciplinares, surge das ciências sociais, humanas e políticas. Por conseguinte, os métodos de pesquisa usados são mormente os próprios dessas disciplinas, como o etnográfico e as historias de vida, mesmo que apresentem métodos correlacionais e experimentais. Poucos trabalhos usam referentes conceptuais ou teóricos explícitos sobre o conflito e a ruralidade, o que gera inquietudes acadêmicas, éticas e políticas ao redor das formas em que se compreendem e abordam as realidades nesses temas. De 101 trabalhos analisados apenas 7 pertencem ao campo da saúde, e desses, unicamente 1 ao campo da saúde pública. Esse achado resulta notável, por causa dos efeitos que o conflito tem gerado na saúde e na vida de diferentes grupos da população colombiana. Conclusão: Os efeitos da violência, as guerras, os conflitos e seus efeitos na saúde populacional tem sido objeto de interesse de organismos internacionais e nacionais, e de alguns acadêmicos do campo da saúde pública. É necessário um maior protagonismo da saúde pública perante os efeitos do conflito colombiano na população.

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Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia del parto adolescente por cohorte a través de los años y su relación con factores sociodemográficos, en Panamá. Metodología: A partir de un análisis secundario de la "Encuesta nacional de salud sexual y reproductiva 2014-2015" de Panamá, utilizando cohortes por año de nacimiento (1966-1975, 1976-1985, 1986-1995 y 1996-2000), la relación enunciada se analizó mediante regresión logística. Se incluyeron 4795 adultas (20-49 años) y 821 adolescentes (15-19 años). Resultados: Se encontró un aumento en la prevalencia del parto adolescente entre cohortes, donde la prevalencia fue de 30,9 % en la cohorte mayor (1966-1975) y de 51,5 % en la cohorte de 1986-1995. En todas las cohortes, el parto adolescente estuvo asociado a la ruralidad (1966-1975, 42,3 % rural no indígena; 1976-1985, 56,6 % rural indígena; 1986-1995, 65,4 % rural no indígena y 58,2 % rural indígena). En todas las cohortes, el parto adolescente se relacionó con menor bienestar, encontrándose una prevalencia mayor que el 40 % en el quintil menor de riqueza en todas las cohortes. El parto adolescente se asoció a tener 4 o más hijos en las cohortes mayores (1966-1975 y 1976-1985), con prevalencias mayores que el 63 %. Conclusiones: La prevalencia del parto en adolescente en Panamá se ha mantenido en crecimiento. Las poblaciones rurales y de menor bienestar se han mantenido con mayor prevalencia de parto adolescente, indicando dónde enfocar las intervenciones preventivas.

Objective: To describe the prevalence of adolescent childbirth by cohort over time and its relationship with sociodemographic factors in Panama. Methodology: The analysis was conducted through logistic regression, based on a secondary analysis of the Panama "Encuesta nacional de salud sexual y reproductiva 2014- 2015" (2014-2015 National Survey on Sexual and Reproductive Health), using cohorts by year of birth (1966-1975, 1976-1985, 1986-1995, and 1996-2000). A total of 4795 adult women (20-49 years old) and 821 adolescent girls (15-19 years old) were included. Results: We found an increased prevalence of adolescent childbirth between cohorts, where prevalence was 30.9% in the older cohort (1966-1975) and 51.5% in the 1986- 1995 cohort. In all cohorts, adolescent childbirth was associated with rurality (1966-1975, 42.3% rural non Indigenous; 1976- 1985, 56.6% rural Indigenous; 1986-1995, 65.4% rural non Indigenous, and 58.2% rural Indigenous). Adolescent childbirth was also associated with lower well-being; across all cohorts, there was a prevalence of over 40% in the lowest wealth quintile. Adolescent childbirth was associated with having 4 or more children in the older cohorts (1966-1975 and 1976-1985), with a prevalence of over 63%. Conclusions: The prevalence of adolescent childbirth in Panama has continued to increase. Rural and lower well-being populations have continued to exhibit a higher prevalence of adolescent childbirth, which signals where to focus preventive interventions.

Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência do parto adolescente por conjuntos estabelecidos por anos e sua relação com fatores sociodemográficos, em Panamá. Metodologia: A partir de uma análise secundária da "Enquete nacional de saúde sexual e reprodutiva 2014-2015" de Panamá, utilizando conjuntos por ano de nascimento (1966-1975, 1976-1985, 1986-1995 e 1996-2000), a relação enunciada foi analisada por meio de regressão logística. Incluíram-se 4795 adultas (29-49 anos) e 821 adolescentes (15-19 anos). Resultados: Achou-se um aumento na prevalência do parto adolescente entre conjuntos, onde a prevalência foi de 30,9% no conjunto mais velho (1966-1975) e de 51,5% no conjunto de 1986-1995. Em todos os conjuntos, o parto adolescente esteve associado à ruralidade (1966-1975, 42,3% rural não indígena; 1976-1985, 56,6% rural indígena; 1986-1995, 65,4% rural não indígena e 58C,2% rural indígena). Em todos os conjuntos, o parto adolescente relacionou-se com menor bem-estar, sendo achada uma prevalência maior ao 40% no quintil menor de riqueza em todos os conjuntos. O parto adolescente associou-se a ter 4 ou mais filhos nos conjuntos mais velhos (1966-1975 e 1976- 1985), com prevalências maiores ao 63%. Conclusões: A prevalência do parto em adolescentes em Panamá tem mantido seu crescimento. As populações rurais e com menor bem-estar mantêm a maior prevalência do parto adolescente, indicando onde enfocar as intervenções preventivas.

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Colombia is one of the largest pesticide consumers in South America. These products have a variety of negative consequences on the health of rural populations, especially neurocognitive disorders in children. In this work, the prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides was evaluated and the association between the cognitive capacity of school-age children in rural areas of the city of Bogotá, Colombia, investigated. Separate multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate associations of pesticide exposure measures and WISC-IV scales, adjusted for child sex, maternal educational attainment, growth retardation, and effect modification explored by sex, using a cross products term of 232 children between the ages of 7 and 10. It was found that among all children, pesticide exposure at school was associated with a worse working memory index (ß = -3.40; 95%CI; -6.6; -0.2) and a worst verbal comprehension index (ß = -3.2; 95%CI; -6.5; -0.2). Among girls, pesticide use at home was associated with a worse processing speed index (ß = -5.1; 95% CI; -10.1; -0.20) but not among boys (ß = 1.73; 95% CI; -2.6; 6.9). This revealed an association between the prenatal and postnatal exposure reported and some IQ sub-indices of children aged between 7 and 10 years residing in the rural areas of Usme and Sumapaz in the city of Bogotá, Colombia.

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BACKGROUND: Adolescent pregnancy in rural areas is a persistent health problem that has still not properly been understood. Studies with qualitative perspectives that address this phenomenon as a complex social process, which involves the recognition of the voices of the actors involved and the analysis of the specific context in which it takes place, are limited. OBJECTIVE: This research explored the perceptions of young people and other social actors (municipalities of Palmira and El Cerrito in Colombia) of the social forces and dimensions of the social determination of adolescent pregnancy in the Amaime river basin. These geographic areas have been scenes of armed violence with various groups in combat within the context of a long-standing political conflict in Colombia. After the 2016 Havana agreements were signed, peacebuilding has been underway in its territories. METHODS: A qualitative study that implemented focus groups and semi-structured interviews was conducted. The theoretical approach of social determination of health proposed by Breilh was used to study the social process entailed in adolescent pregnancy. Perceptions about social conditions, specific ways of life, and lifestyles were addressed. Galtung and Fischer's theoretical approach on violence and peacebuilding was also incorporated to enrich the understanding of the Colombian context. The analysis was conducted with approaches from phenomenology. RESULTS: Living conditions with strong social stigma and demand for social, political, and cultural opportunities were found. Regarding ways of life, little communication and information about sex education was perceived. As for lifestyles, there are youthful behaviors infused by sociocultural traditions that affect life projects and sexual behavior. Gender relations are precarious, and there are various types of violence that limit effective peacebuilding. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to a priority issue in sexual and reproductive health, with an approach that generates analytical elements to comprehensively expand the social and health interventions required.

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INTRODUCTION: Colombia's rural areas have suffered from government neglect, exacerbating their difficulties in relation to geographic isolation and meeting basic needs. These were some of the main reasons for guerrillas to initiate an armed conflict in the 1960s, trying to expand their forces and control through the rural and remote areas of the country. In this sense, it is necessary to construct new categories of rurality in Colombia, considering the armed conflict and the typology of isolation as variables that help policymakers and planners to make better decisions. METHODS: Based on 27 municipalities in the department of Caldas in Colombia, three accessibility measures were assessed to define isolated areas: geographical accessibility, access to health facilities and access to higher education. Health facilities were measured in three scenarios according to the flow of health care defined by the government. Higher education scenarios were defined according to Ministry of Education levels. Travel time was used as an attribute to calculate the isolation index of municipalities and was calculated using the Google Distance Matrix API using Python v3.7. As a measure of accessibility, a travel time limit was defined to delimit isolated areas. This variable was then added to the categories of rurality and armed conflict to produce the isolation typology by municipality. RESULTS: A strong correlation was found between all variables. Considering geographical accessibility, 20.3% of Caldas' population is isolated. The isolated population rises from 12.2% at the first level of health care to 43.2% of the population at the third level, and 39.5% of the inhabitants are far from universities. The municipalities highly affected by the armed conflict are more isolated in terms of travel time to health care and higher education facilities than those that were not affected. CONCLUSION: The isolation typology complements the Colombian rurality categories and can help governments make decisions about investments in road infrastructure, health, and education. In addition, some non-rural municipalities were found to be isolated, showing low accessibility to health and higher education, and the government should pay more attention to these areas. The government's neglect of municipalities highly affected by the armed conflict is shown by their continued isolation rates. The government should invest more and better in these areas taking into account this method of decision making. The typology of isolation could help the government to better plan care pathways for patients with complex health needs. In addition, it could help determine the investment for upgrading an existing hospital or building a new one, taking into account underserved areas. In terms of higher education, the isolation typology could help to understand where the community is underserved and initiate investment policies to improve access to higher education for its population.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women's experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social-ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of discrimination. These results point to the need for a more proactive response to the mutually constitutive cycle of IPV, mental distress, incarceration, and structures of violence to improve reentry for women returning to rural communities. Policy and treatment must prioritize socioeconomic marginalization and expand community resources with attention to the needs of rural women of color.

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Study Objective: To summarize trial adaptation from in-clinic to virtual design in response to the SARS-2 coronavirus-2 (COVID-19). Design: A clinical trial of a mobile health intervention to improve chronic disease self-management for rural individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF). The trial has a 4-month intervention - accessible regardless of health or digital literacy - to enhance AF medication adherence and patient experience with 8- and 12-month assessments of sustainability. Setting: Rural, western Pennsylvania. Participants: Rural individuals with AF receiving oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Interventions: Enrolled participants underwent a telephone-based orientation, provided verbal consent, and were randomized using a digital platform. They received a smartphone with intervention or control applications and a curriculum on usage tailored for study arm. Participants received study assessments by mail with telephone-based administration and contact for the 12-month trial. Main Outcome Measures: Successful adaptation to virtual engagement and recruitment. Results: The study enrolled 18 participants during in-clinic recruitment (January-March 2020). From 5/1/2020 to 5/6/2021 the study team enrolled 130 individuals (median age 72.4 years, range 40.8-92.2; 49.2% women, 63.1% without college degree, and 45.4% with limited health literacy. Retention of participants enrolled using virtual methods during the 4-month intervention phase is 92%. Conclusions: We report a virtual trial of a mobile health intervention for rural individuals with AF. Our successful implementation suggests promise for engaging geographically isolated rural individuals, potential to enhance digital health access, and advance rural health equity.

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Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma breve revisão teórica e alguns resultados parciais de uma dissertação de mestrado realizada no PPG em psicologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). De desenho qualitativo, o estudo visa analisar as práticas discursivas que constituem os modos de subjetivação de mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) no contexto rural da Zona da Mata Sul Pernambucana. As referências teóricas consideram o enfoque da governamentalidade, entendendo que práticas de inclusão social, como o PBF, modificam as subjetividades de seus beneficiários. A população estudada é constituída de uma amostra não probabilística de seis mulheres. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada, e a análise dos dados se baseia na perspectiva de análise crítica do discurso. Os resultados obtidos questionam o potencial do PBF para gerar mudanças nas relações de gênero. Finalmente, interroga-se a evolução das políticas públicas de inclusão social na sociedade brasileira, abrindo perspectivas para novos estudos sobre as mudanças vivenciadas pela população beneficiária no contexto rural de Pernambuco.

This article aims to present a brief theoretical review and some partial results of a Master's dissertation held at the PPG in Psychology of the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). With qualitative design, the study aims to analyze the discursive practices that constitute the modes of subjectivation of women beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF) in rural context of the Zona da Mata Sul Pernambucana. The theoretical references consider the approach of governmentality, understanding that practices of social inclusion, such as the PBF, modify the subjectivities of its beneficiaries. The study population consists of a non-probabilistic sample of six women. Data collection was performed through a semi-structured interview and data analysis is based on the perspective of critical discourse analysis. The results obtained question the potential of the PBF to generate changes in gender relations. Finally, we discuss the evolution of the public policies of social inclusion in the brazilian society, opening perspectives for new studies on the changes experienced by the beneficiary population in the rural context of Pernambuco.

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Este artigo apresenta as conclusões de uma pesquisa que interroga as repercussões de uma política pública brasileira de inclusão social nos modos de subjetivação de mulheres beneficiárias. A metodologia de base qualitativa consistiu na análise crítica do discurso obtido dos relatos de seis mulheres beneficiárias do Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) habitantes do contexto rural da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. A fundamentação teórica privilegia o enfoque da governamentalidade e as críticas feministas ao PBF. Os resultados obtidos confirmam que normas sociais são incorporadas nas subjetividades das mulheres enquanto "mães pobres lutadoras". Concluiu-se que o PBF exerce uma função reforçadora de modos de subjetivação hegemônicos da sociedade neoliberal. Apesar das vantagens e mudanças produzidas pelo PBF, as mulheres beneficiárias enfrentam uma situação de inclusão social fragilizada, condição característica da pobreza nas sociedades capitalistas.

This article presents the conclusions of a research that questions the repercussions of a Brazilian public policy of social inclusion in the modes of subjectivation of beneficiary women. The qualitative methodology consisted of the critical analysis of the discourse obtained from the reports of six women beneficiaries of the Bolsa Família Program (PBF), habitants of the rural context of the Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. The theoretical foundation favors the focus of governmentality and feminist critiques of the PBF. The results obtained confirm that social norms are incorporated in the subjectivities of women as "poor fighter mothers". It was concluded that the PBF exerts a reinforcing function of hegemonic subjectivation modes of neoliberal society. Despite the advantages and changes produced by the PBF, women beneficiaries face a situation of fragile social inclusion, a characteristic condition of poverty in capitalist societies.

Este artículo presenta las conclusiones de una investigación que interroga las repercuciones de una política pública brasileña de inclusión social em los modos de subjetivación de mujeres beneficiarias. La metodología de base cualitativa consistió em el análisis crítico del discurso obtenido de los relatos de seis mujeres beneficiarias del Programa Bolsa Familia (PBF) habitantes del contexto rural de la Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. La fundamentación teórica privilegia el enfoque de la gubernamentalidad y las críticas feministas al PBF. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que normas sociales son incorporadas em las subjetividades de las mujeres em cuanto "madres pobres luchadoras". Se concluye que el PBF ejerce una función reforzadora de modos de subjetivación hegemónicos de la sociedad neoliberal. A pesar de las ventajas y cambios produzidos por el PBF, las mujeres beneficiarias enfrentan una situación de inclusión social fragilizada, condición característica de la pobreza em las sociedades capitalistas.

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BACKGROUND: In the process of geographical retraction of malaria, some important endemicity pockets remain. Here, we report results from a study developed to obtain detailed community data from an important malaria hotspot in Latin America (Alto Juruá, Acre, Brazil), to investigate the association of malaria with socioeconomic, demographic and living conditions. METHODS: A household survey was conducted in 40 localities (n = 520) of Mâncio Lima and Rodrigues Alves municipalities, Acre state. Information on previous malaria, schooling, age, gender, income, occupation, household structure, habits and behaviors related to malaria exposure was collected. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was applied to characterize similarities between households and identify gradients. The association of these gradients with malaria was assessed using regression. RESULTS: The first three dimensions of MCA accounted for almost 50% of the variability between households. The first dimension defined an urban/rurality gradient, where urbanization was associated with the presence of roads, basic services as garbage collection, water treatment, power grid energy, and less contact with the forest. There is a significant association between this axis and the probability of malaria at the household level, OR = 1.92 (1.23-3.02). The second dimension described a gradient from rural settlements in agricultural areas to those in forested areas. Access via dirt road or river, access to electricity power-grid services and aquaculture were important variables. Malaria was at lower risk at the forested area, OR = 0.55 (1.23-1.12). The third axis detected intraurban differences and did not correlate with malaria. CONCLUSIONS: Living conditions in the study area are strongly geographically structured. Although malaria is found throughout all the landscapes, household traits can explain part of the variation found in the odds of having malaria. It is expected these results stimulate further discussions on modelling approaches targeting a more systemic and multi-level view of malaria dynamics.

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BACKGROUND: Geographical and environmental features such as urbanization and altitude may influence individual's lipid profiles because of the diversity of human-environment interactions including lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association between altitude and urbanization and lipid profile among Peruvian adults aged ≥35 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort Study. The outcomes of interest were 6 dyslipidemia traits: hypertriglyceridemia, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), nonisolated low HDL-c, isolated low HDL-c, and high non-HDL-c. The exposures of interest were urbanization level (highly urban, urban, semi-urban, and rural) and altitude (high altitude vs sea level). Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Data from 3037 individuals, 48.5% males, mean age of 55.6 (standard deviation ±12.7) years, were analyzed. The most common dyslipidemia pattern was high non-HDL-c with a prevalence of 88.0% (95% CI: 84.9%-90.7%) in the rural area and 96.0% (95% CI: 94.5%-97.1%) in the semi-urban area. Relative to the highly urban area, living in rural areas was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (PR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.56-0.99) and high non-HDL-c (PR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93-0.99), whereas living in semi-urban areas was associated with higher prevalence high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11-1.67). Compared with sea level areas, high-altitude areas had lower prevalence of high non-HDL-c (PR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-0.99). CONCLUSION: Urbanization but not altitude was associated to several dyslipidemia traits, with the exception of high non-HDL-c in high altitude settings.

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Pensar la educación básica primaria en la ruralidad colombiana implica pensar en el modelo de la Escuela Nueva, el cual desde finales de los 70's y principios de los 80's se configuró como la propuesta educativa más importante para atender esta población. ¿Cómo nace? Y ¿qué la hizo tan llamativa y exitosa para convertirse en el Programa bandera de la educación básica primaria en el campo colombiano? Son los interrogantes principales que buscan ser discutidos en el presente artículo. La principal conclusión visibiliza el motor que le dieron las Agencias Internacionales, al reconocer en la Escuela Nueva una propuesta para el campo bajo las lógicas del progreso y desarrollo, que buscaban instaurar los principios y estrategias del mercado en la educación.

Thinking about the primary basic education in the Colombian rurality implies thinking about the New School model. Such a model, since the end of 1970's and the beginning of 1980's, was shaped as the most important educational proposal in serving such a population. How did it originate? What made it so remarkable and successful in order for it to become a flagship program of the primary basic education in the Colombian countryside? These are the main concerns, which are to be addressed in this article. The main conclusion shows the engine, which the International Agencies, gave the New School, by recognizing in it, a proposal to the countryside, under the rationale for progress and development, which attempted to establish the principles and the strategies of the market in education.

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Guided by the Social Representation Theory, this study aims at investigating rural social representations among farmers in State of Espírito Santo - Brazil by analyzing the semantic field associated to the representational object "rural person"; the organizational principles of individual attitude in face of shared content; and the anchoring processes. Two hundred (200) residents, aged between 7 and 81, belonging to four generations of a rural community participated in individual interviews in this study. The results analyzed using software SPAD-T showed that rural sociability is represented from the positive association to the agricultural and community spheres, as well as from the negative comparison between country and city life, which causes feeling of depreciation and critical evaluation about the poor investments in rural areas. It also identified that personal and community values strengthen the positive image of rural identity, showing strategies to maintain the country way of life among diferente generations in this community.(AU)

Orientado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais, o estudo teve como objetivo investigar as representações sociais de ruralidade entre camponeses do estado do Espírito Santo, através da análise do campo semântico associado ao objeto representacional "pessoas do meio rural", dos princípios organizadores dos posicionamentos individuais frente ao conteúdo compartilhado e dos processos de ancoragem. Por meio de entrevistas individuais, participaram do estudo 200 moradores de quatro gerações de uma comunidade rural, com idades entre 07 e 81 anos. Os resultados, analisados com auxílio do software SPAD-T, indicaram que a sociabilidade rural é representada a partir da associação positiva às esferas agrícola e comunitária, bem como da comparação negativa entre campo-cidade, esta gerando sentimento de desvalorização e avaliação crítica sobre a falta de investimento na zona rural. Identificou-se ainda que valores pessoais e comunitários atuam reforçando a imagem positiva da identidade rural, evidenciando estratégias de manutenção do modo de vida camponês entre as diferentes gerações da comunidade.(AU)

Orientado por la Teoría de Representaciones Sociales, el estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las representaciones sociales y rurales entre campesinos del estado de Espírito Santo - Brasil, a través de análisis de campo semántico asociado al objeto representativo 'persona del medio rural'; investigar también los principios organizadores de ubicación individual frente al contenido compartido y de los procesos de anclaje. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales con 200 habitantes de cuatro generaciones de una comunidad rural, con edades entre 7 a 81 años. Los resultados analizados con auxilio del software SPAD-T, indicaron que la sociabilidad rural está representada a partir de la asociación positiva con las esferas agrícolas y comunitarias, y también la comparación negativa entre campo-ciudad, está generando sentimientos de desvalorización y evaluación crítica sobre la falta de inversión en la zona rural. Se identificó además que valores personales y comunitarios refuerzan la imagen positiva de la identidade rural, evidenciando estrategias para mantener el modo de vida campesino entre las diferentes generaciones de la comunidad.(AU)

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RESUMO Este artigo analisa interfaces de gênero e território como marcadores identitários presentes nas falas e produções de imagens sobre projetos de vida de jovens mulheres de zonas rurais. O processo de pesquisa contemplou narrativas de caráter autobiográfico e fotocomposições realizadas pelas participantes, em que se buscou integrar aspectos de suas trajetórias acadêmicas, projetos vitais e profissionais, escolhas de vida e demandas culturais e comunitárias que influenciam no processo de construção de seus itinerários vitais. A aproximação a este grupo, comumente à margem da produção do saber em Psicologia, permitiu compreender como tais marcadores despontam de maneira dialógica em suas narrativas, questionando as formas de manifestação relacionadas aos antagonismos normativos entre o urbano/rural, o presente/passado, e das atribuições sociais ao ser mulher/homem.

RESUMEN Este artículo analiza las interfaces entre género y territorio como marcadores identitarios que se encuentran presentes en las verbalizaciones e imaginario de los proyectos de vida de las mujeres rurales jóvenes. El proceso de investigación ha contemplado narrativas de carácter autobiográfico y fotocomposiciones realizadas por las participantes, donde se ha buscado integrar aspectos de sus trayectorias académicas, elecciones de vida, proyectos profesionales y demandas culturales y comunitarias, considerando la influencia de estos aspectos ejercen en el proceso de construcción de sus itinerarios vitales. La aproximación a este colectivo, que comúnmente se encuentra al margen de la producción de saber en psicología, ha permitido comprender cómo tales marcadores despuntan de manera dialógica en sus narrativas, cuestionando las formas en que se manifiestan en relación los antagonismos normativos urbano/rural, presente/pasado, y las atribuciones sociales de ser mujer/hombre.

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the interface between gender and territory as identity markers present in the speeches and pictures about life projects of young women from rural areas. The research process included autobiographical narratives interviews and photo compositions made by the participants, which sought to integrate aspects of their academic trajectories, vital and professional projects, life choices and cultural and community demands that influence in the process of defining their vital projects. The approach to this group, often on the margins of production of knowledge in Psychology, allows us to understand how the identity markers emerge dialogically in their narratives, discussing the manifestations related to the normative antagonisms between urban/rural, present/past, and social assignments related to being woman/man.

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