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Eulimidae is a highly diverse family of gastropods that are often parasites of echinoderms. They are cosmopolitan and live from the intertidal to great depths. Despite its wide geographic and bathymetric distribution, no species of Eulimidae have been reported for the Salas & Gómez Ridge to date. In this study, we describe Melanella martarum sp. nov., which was collected during the EPIC oceanographic cruise onboard RV Mirai (JAMSTEC, Japan) in 2019. Seven specimens were collected with a modified Agassiz trawl on the summit of seamount "Pearl" (Zhemchuznaya) in the Salas & Gómez Ridge (25.59°S, 89.13°W) at 545 m depth. The morphology of M. martarum sp. nov. was compared with other Melanella species reported for the area, including Chile and Rapa Nui. DNA was extracted and partial sequences of the mitochondrial genes Cytochrome Oxidase 1 (COI) and 16S rDNA, and the nuclear gene Histone 3 (H3) were sequenced. Melanella martarum sp. nov. has morphological characteristics that separate it from other species of Melanella, such as the thickness and color of the shell, and the shape of the protoconch. In addition, M. martarum sp. nov. was genetically differentiated from other Melanella spp. sequences (uncorrected p distances from 18,1-8.6% in mitochondrial COI and 16S rDNA to 3% in nuclear H3 sequences). Although there is not much molecular data available for Eulimidae, the phylogenetic analysis confirms the results obtained by morphology, placing the species found on the Salas & Gómez Ridge within the genus Melanella. The current study advances the understanding of the poorly known benthic fauna found on seamounts in the easternmost part of the Sala & Gómez ridge, a location distinguished by a high level of endemism.

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RESUMEN

The palate is a fundamental region in food swallowing and presents different adaptations in species. This research aimed to describe structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the palatine epithelium and the connective tissue cores (CTCs) of ten red-rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina­Linnaeus, 1758) using macroscopic, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We found nine palatine ridges in the diastema and hard palate, and a smooth surface in the soft palate. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium with projections of lamina propria and soft palate had gland clusters. Epithelial removal revealed CTCs with a conical shape with high density in the hard palate and the sides of the soft palate. Near the CTCs were nerve fibers in the hard palate, and the soft palate had muscular tissue below the gland clusters. The structural and ultrastructural characteristics enable stability of the hard palate and fixation to the soft palate sides, while the soft palate center has greater mobility thus assisting in food swallowing. We concluded that structural characteristics are similar to other mammals, although the morphology of agouti's palate differs in the amount and disposition of palatine ridges, and the conical CTC's morphology.

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Munida diritas sp. nov. is described for the seamounts near Desventuradas Islands, in the intersection of the Salas & Gómez and Nazca Ridges, Chile. Specimens of the new species were collected in the summit (∼200 m depth) of one seamount and observed by ROV at two nearby ones. This species is characterized by the presence of distinct carinae on the thoracic sternites 6 and 7. Furthermore, it is not related with any species from the continental shelf nor the slope of America, while it is closely related to species of Munida from French Polynesia and the West-Pacific Ocean (i.e., M. ommata, M. psylla and M. rufiantennulata). In situ observations indicate that the species lives among the tentacles of ceriantarid anemones and preys on small crustaceans. The discovery of this new species adds to the knowledge of the highly endemic benthic fauna of seamounts of the newly created Nazca-Desventuradas Marine Park, emphasizing the relevance of this area for marine conservation.

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The imago and soldier castes of a new Rugitermes Holmgren, 1911 species, R. tinto sp. nov. are described. It is the ninth species of Rugitermes from South America and the first record of this genus from Colombia. Unlike its congeners, the soldier of R. tinto has very dark head capsule pigmentation and acute protuberances projecting from frontolateral ridges.

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Alveolar ridge volume loss is an irreversible process. To prevent this physiological event, which typically result in significant local anatomical changes in both the horizontal and the vertical dimension, some strategies are indicated to minimize the loss of ridge volume that typically follows tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if three different bone grafts could promote new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction for the alveolar ridge conservation. First mandibular molars of male adults rabbits were extracted and the extraction sockets were randomly treated with three different bone grafts, one xenograft and two alloplastic grafts, and a group that received no treatment (blood clot). The extraction sockets of selected rabbits from each group were evaluated at 4, 6, or 8-week post-extraction. The results indicated that the extraction sockets treated with alloplastic graft (biphasic calcium phosphate) exhibited lamellar bone formation (6.5%) as early as four weeks after the extraction was performed. Moreover, the degree of new bone formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the extraction sockets treated with biphasic calcium phosphate at 8-week post-extraction than that in the other study groups. In this study, we demonstrated that the proposed animal model is useful to evaluate the bone formation after tooth extraction and the alveolar ridge conservation is feasible. The new bone formation and alveolar ridge preservation with bone graft after extraction of molar teeth, could result in the maintenance of sufficient bone volume to place an implant in an ideal restorative position without the need for ancillary implant site development procedures.

La pérdida de volumen cresta alveolar, es un proceso irreversible. Para evitar este evento fisiológico, que típicamente resulta en cambios anatómicos locales significativos, tanto en la dimensión horizontal y vertical, existen algunos procedimienos para reducir al mínimo la pérdida de volumen óseo que sigue típicamente a la extracción del diente. El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar si tres injertos óseos diferentes podrían promover la formación de hueso en el alveolo tras la extracción del diente para la conservación de la cresta alveolar. Los primeros molares mandibulares de conejos machos adultos fueron extraídos y los alvéolos post extracción fueron rellenados aleatoriamente con tres injertos óseos diferentes, uno de xenoinjerto y dos injertos aloplásticos, más un grupo que no recibió tratamiento (coágulo de sangre). Los alvéolos post extracción en los conejos seleccionados de cada grupo fueron evaluados a las 4, 6, o 8 semanas post-extracción. Los resultados indicaron que los alvéolos tratados con injerto aloplástico mostraron formación de hueso lamelar (6,5%) ya a las 4 semanas post extracción. Por otra parte, el grado de formación de hueso nuevo fue significativamente mayor (P<0,05) en los alvéolos tratados con fosfato de calcio bifásico en 8 semanas post-extracción que en los otros grupos de estudio. Demostramos que el modelo animal propuesto es útil para evaluar la formación de hueso después de la extracción del diente, y la conservación de la cresta alveolar es factible. La nueva formación de hueso y la preservación del reborde alveolar con injerto óseo después de la extracción de los dientes molares, podrían mantener un volumen de hueso suficiente para colocar un implante en una posición ideal para la posterior restauración, sin la necesidad de procedimientos de quirúrgicos anexos.

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RESUMEN

Alveolar ridge volume loss is an irreversible process. To prevent this physiological event, which typically result in significant local anatomical changes in both the horizontal and the vertical dimension, some strategies are indicated to minimize the loss of ridge volume that typically follows tooth extraction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if three different bone grafts could promote new bone formation in the alveolar socket following tooth extraction for the alveolar ridge conservation. First mandibular molars of male adults rabbits were extracted and the extraction sockets were randomly treated with three different bone grafts, one xenograft and two alloplastic grafts, and a group that received no treatment (blood clot). The extraction sockets of selected rabbits from each group were evaluated at 4, 6, or 8-week post-extraction. The results indicated that the extraction sockets treated with alloplastic graft (biphasic calcium phosphate) exhibited lamellar bone formation (6.5%) as early as four weeks after the extraction was performed. Moreover, the degree of new bone formation was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the extraction sockets treated with biphasic calcium phosphate at 8-week post-extraction than that in the other study groups. In this study, we demonstrated that the proposed animal model is useful to evaluate the bone formation after tooth extraction and the alveolar ridge conservation is feasible. The new bone formation and alveolar ridge preservation with bone graft after extraction of molar teeth, could result in the maintenance of sufficient bone volume to place an implant in an ideal restorative position without the need for ancillary implant site development procedures.

RESUMEN

A restinga de Praia das Neves ocupa uma extensa área (ca. 67 km2) no extremo sul do Estado do Espírito Santo (21°14′35.35″S e 40°56′48.68″W), limitada pelo Rio Itabapoana, na divisa com o Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar e caracterizar as diferentes formações vegetais dessa restinga e sua flora associada, incluindo o reconhecimento dos habitats relacionados ao lagarto ameaçado de extinção Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938. Excursões para caracterização da flora local foram realizadas em campanhas pontuais, entre os anos de 2008 e 2011, e o material botânico foi identificado e posteriormente depositado no Herbário RBR do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. A caracterização das diferentes formações encontradas baseou-se em observações locais e na bibliografia especializada, considerando aspectos físicos do ambiente, o hábito e a composição das espécies vegetais. A vegetação da restinga de Praia das Neves reúne sete formações florestais, arbustivas e herbáceas, distribuídas em geral em faixas paralelas a linha da costa. Foram registradas 167 espécies de plantas vasculares, reunidas em 58 famílias, ocorrendo nas diferentes formações. A grande maioria das espécies estudadas é exclusiva de uma única formação, enquanto que Allagoptera arenaria (guriri-da-praia) se destaca por ocorrer em quase todas as formações locais. A restinga de Praia das Neves mantém extensos trechos em bom estado de conservação, com espécies listadas como ameaçadas para a flora do Estado do Espírito Santo e com importantes remanescentes de formações costeiras no Estado. Embora sua maior extensão esteja contida em área privada, ações futuras devem assegurar a preservação da restinga local, com suas formações vegetais e a biota associada, conforme indica a legislação federal vigente.

The sandy coastal plains (restinga) of Praia das Neves occupies a large area (ca. 67 km2) in the southeastern state of Espírito Santo (21°14′35.35″ S and 40°56′48.68″ W), bordered by Itabapoana River on the boundary with the state of Rio de Janeiro. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the different types of plant communities and associated flora on that sandy coastal plain, including the recognition of the habitats related to the endangered lizard Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938. Field trips to characterize the local flora were carried out on specific campaigns, between the years 2008 and 2011. The plants were identified and deposited in the RBR Herbarium of the Department of Botany at the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. The communities' characterization was based on local observations and specialized bibliography, considering physical aspects of the environment, habit and composition of plant species. The sandy coastal plain of Praia das Neves brings together seven forest, shrub and herbaceous communities, usually distributed in ridges parallels to the shoreline. There have been recorded 167 species of vascular plants, grouped into 58 families, occurring in different communities. The majority of species occurs in a single community, while Allagoptera arenaria (guriri-da-praia) stands out for occurring in almost all local communities. The restinga of Praia das Neves maintains extensive areas in good environmental conditions, with some species cited in the red list of endangered species in the state of Espírito Santo, and also with important remnants of coastal communities. Although its greatest extension is within a private area, future actions should ensure the preservation of the local restinga, with its different communities and associated biota, according to the current federal legislation.

RESUMEN

O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar o índice de sobrevivência dos implantes curtos em diferentes situações clínicas, com um acompanhamento clínico mínimo de 12 meses. Material e Métodos: no período de setembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2011, implantes curtos (8,5 mm ou inferior) foram instalados em pacientes da clínica dos autores e da clínica da Unifeso, para substituir dentes unitários e múltiplos nas regiões anterior e posterior da maxila e da mandíbula. Todas as áreas implantadas apresentavam uma elevada reabsorção óssea. Resultados: um total de 335 implantes foi instalado, em 107 pacientes (69 mulheres e 38 homens) com idade média de 68 anos (54 a 82 anos). Os implantes instalados foram 54,6% com o comprimento de 6 mm, 40,3% com comprimento de 8,5 mm e 5,1% com comprimento de 7 mm, distribuídos na região anterior (10,4%) e região posterior (89,6%) da maxila e da mandíbula. Foram utilizadas coroas individuais em dez implantes (3,2%), e 299 implantes foram reabilitados com próteses múltiplas parciais e totais (96,8%). Dentre os 299 implantes, 13 (4,2%) foram submetidos à carga imediata. Após um acompanhamento de um a cinco anos, 309 implantes apresentavam-se em função e 26 implantes foram perdidos, atingindo um índice de sobrevivência de 92,2%. Conclusão: os resultados do presente estudo sugeriram que os implantes curtos apresentaram um bom índice de sobrevivência, devendo ser considerados como uma solução previsível para a reabilitação da maxila e da mandíbula, com elevado grau de reabsorção...

The aim of this clinical retrospective study was to assess the survival rate of short implants in different clinical situations with a minimum 12-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods: between September 2005 to December 2011, short dental implants (8.5 mm or shorter) were placed in patients of authors and Unifeso clinics to restore single and multiple teeth in the anterior and posterior jaw regions. All areas were affected by high bone resorption patterns. Results: a total of 335 implants were placed in 107 patients (69 women and 38 men) with a mean age of 68 years (range: 54–82 years). The implants placed were 6 mm (54.6%), 7 mm (5.1%), and 8.5 mm (40.3%) long, distributed in the anterior (10.4%) and posterior (89.6%) regions. Single crowns were placed in 10 implants (3.2%), and 299 implants received multiple partial and complete prostheses (96.8%). From these, 13 implants (4.2%) were submitted to immediate loading. After 1-5 year follow-up period, 309 implants are in function and 26 implants have been lost, achieving a survival rate of 92.2%. Conclusion: the results of this study suggested that short dental implants presented a good survival rate and therefore should be regarded as a predictable solution for the rehabilitation of highly resorbed jaw regions...

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RESUMEN

A Implantodontia é uma especialidade que apresenta grande previsibilidade na reabilitação de pacientes desdentados posteriores de maxila. A perda dentária precoce resulta em remodelação acentuada dos maxilares. A elevação da membrana do seio maxilar com instalação de implantes dentários é uma técnica previsível descrita em 1980. Desde então, técnicas, materiais de preenchimento e o gerenciamento de complicações vêm sendo estudados, a fim de proporcionar diretrizes eficazes na reabilitação deste grupo de pacientes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar clínica e radiograficamente dez pacientes que necessitaram de elevação da membrana do seio maxilar para instalação de implantes dentários e próteses implantossuportadas. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva dos prontuários para a obtenção de dados relacionados a possíveis complicações pós-operatórias. Estes pacientes foram acompanhados também em avaliação clínica e radiográfica em zero e 180 dias após a cirurgia. Clinicamente e radiograficamente, pôde-se concluir que a técnica cirúrgica do levantamento do seio maxilar com instalação imediata de implantes apresenta resultados satisfatórios, podendo ser considerado um procedimento seguro, pois 90% dos pacientes alcançaram previsibilidade, de um total de 86,96% dos implantes instalados. Ressalta-se, ainda, a importância do conhecimento anatômico da região, a técnica cirúrgica apurada e o acompanhamento pós-operatório dos pacientes.

Implant dentistry is a dental specialty which presents great predictability in the rehabilitation at posterior, partially edentulous maxillary areas. Early tooth loss results in significant jaw remodeling. The maxillary sinus lifting followed by implant placement is a predictable technique initially described in 1980. Since then, several different techniques have been investigated varying filling materials and the management of complications in order to provide effective guidance in the rehabilitation of these patients. The current study evaluated ten patients who underwent sinus lifting before implant placement and crown installation. First, a retrospective analysis of the medical records was conducted to obtain information about possible postoperative complications. Clinical and radiographic analyses were performed at baseline and 180 days after surgeries. The sinus lifting with immediate implant placement provided satisfactory outcomes and can be considered a safe procedure. Treatment predictability was demonstrated in 90% of patients and for 86.96% of implants placed. It is important to highlight knowledge of anatomical structures at this area, the use of delicate surgical techniques, and strict patient follow-up.

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