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BACKGROUND: The development of Raspberry Pi-based recording devices for video analyses of drug self-administration studies has been shown to be promising in terms of affordability, customizability, and capacity to extract in-depth behavioral patterns. Yet, most video recording systems are limited to a few cameras making them incompatible with large-scale studies. NEW METHOD: We expanded the PiRATeMC (Pi-based Remote Acquisition Technology for Motion Capture) recording system by increasing its scale, modifying its code, and adding equipment to accommodate large-scale video acquisition, accompanied by data on throughput capabilities, video fidelity, synchronicity of devices, and comparisons between Raspberry Pi 3B+ and 4B models. RESULTS: Using PiRATeMC default recording parameters resulted in minimal storage (∼350MB/h), high throughput (< ∼120 seconds/Pi), high video fidelity, and synchronicity within ∼0.02 seconds, affording the ability to simultaneously record 60 animals in individual self-administration chambers for various session lengths at a fraction of commercial costs. No consequential differences were found between Raspberry Pi models. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): This system allows greater acquisition of video data simultaneously than other video recording systems by an order of magnitude with less storage needs and lower costs. Additionally, we report in-depth quantitative assessments of throughput, fidelity, and synchronicity, displaying real-time system capabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The system presented is able to be fully installed in a month's time by a single technician and provides a scalable, low cost, and quality-assured procedure with a high-degree of customization and synchronicity between recording devices, capable of recording a large number of subjects and timeframes with high turnover in a variety of species and settings.

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Green deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are widely used to extract bioactive components from plant biomass; however, hydrophilic DES and bioactive component isolation methods have not been developed. In this study, we synthesized hydrophilic DES (CL-CA-DES) using citric acid and choline chloride. We combined this with environmentally friendly anion- and cation-exchange resin column chromatographic isolation methods. This approach extracted and isolated four polyphenolic compounds (catechins, epicatechins, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B2) from raspberry root and efficiently recovered the hydrophilic DES. CL-CA-DES extracted significantly higher contents of catechin and procyanidin B2 from raspberry root compared to other solvents. It also extracted substantially higher contents of epicatechin compared to butyl alcohol, 70% ethanol, and water, but there was no significant difference when compared with acetone and ethyl acetate. Additionally, CL-CA-DES extracted significantly higher contents of procyanidin B1 compared to butyl alcohol, water, and ethyl acetate, with no significant difference when compared with 70% ethanol and acetone. The isolation efficiency of the bioactive components in the raspberry root extract by anion- and cation-exchange resin column chromatography was higher than that of the organic solvent extraction and precipitation generation methods, and the method was effective in recovering CL-CA-DES with a recovery rate higher than 60%. In conclusion, this study developed a new method for the efficient recovery of hydrophilic CL-CA-DES, which can be used for isolating polyphenolic compounds from raspberry root.

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With glossy, wax-coated leaves, Rubus leucanthus is one of the few heat-tolerant wild raspberry trees. To ascertain the underlying mechanism of heat tolerance, we generated a high-quality genome assembly with a genome size of 230.9 Mb and 24,918 protein-coding genes. Significantly expanded gene families were enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and the circadian rhythm-plant pathway, enabling survival in subtropical areas by accumulating protective flavonoids and modifying photoperiodic responses. In contrast, plant-pathogen interaction and MAPK signaling involved in response to pathogens were significantly contracted. The well-known heat response elements (HSP70, HSP90, and HSFs) were reduced in R. leucanthus compared to two other heat-intolerant species, R. chingii and R. occidentalis, with transcriptome profiles further demonstrating their dispensable roles in heat stress response. At the same time, three significantly positively selected genes in the pathway of cuticular wax biosynthesis were identified, and may contribute to the glossy, wax-coated leaves of R. leucanthus. The thick, leathery, waxy leaves protect R. leucanthus against pathogens and herbivores, supported by the reduced R gene repertoire in R. leucanthus (355) compared to R. chingii (376) and R. occidentalis (449). Our study provides some insights into adaptive divergence between R. leucanthus and other raspberry species on heat tolerance.

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Raspberry (Rubus corchorifolius) plants hold historical, economic, and medicinal importance in China (Yang et al. 2022). Raspberries are cultivated to generate income for local farmers in Lintao County, Dingxi City, Gansu Province. However, farmers encountered challenges due to raspberry plants exhibiting root rot disease, resulting in plant death. During a thorough field survey conducted in June 2022, symptoms ranging from leaf yellowing and wilting to necrotic lesions and root rots were observed, where approximately 30% of raspberry plants were affected. Five diseased and healthy plants were collected from the farmers' fields in Lintao (35.53oN, 103.84oE) for pathogen identification. Symptomatic and asymptomatic root tissues were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 3% NaOCl for 5 min, followed by three rinses in sterile water. Small pieces (0.5 × 0.5 cm) were cut and incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates at 25°C for 7-10 days. Twenty-two pure Fusarium isolates, which displayed four distinct colony groups morphologically, were obtained. Pathogenicity tests on isolates RB10, RB1, RB30, and RB23, representing each colony group, revealed that RB10 exhibited symptoms similar to those observed in the field. The RB10 strain produced yellowish-white to greyish-white colonies on PDA and was then cultured in a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) broth for enhanced conidia production (Zhang et al. 2020). Macroconidia were sickle-shaped or slightly curved, with three to five septa (19.2 to 38.5 x 3.1 to 5.8 µm, n =40). Microconidia were oval to ellipsoidal, non-septate or featuring 1 to 2 septa (4.8 to 10.5 x 2.1 to 5.2 µm, n=20). These morphological features indicated the isolate was similar to Fusarium avenaceum (Leslie and Summerell, 2006). For further identification of the strains, genomic regions (ITS-rDNA, TEF-1α, and RPB2) were amplified and sequenced using specific primers ITS1/ITS4, EF-1/EF-2, and 5f2/7cr, respectively (O'Donnell et al. 2010; Uwaremwe et al. 2021; Zarrin et al. 2016). PCR BLASTn queries of NCBI GenBank revealed a 99.8% (522 bp), 99.4% (355 bp) and 99.6% (985 bp) homology with F. avenaceum (MZ724839.1, MN271631.1, and MK185026.1), respectively. Sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS, OR735571; TEF-1α, PP216660; RPB2, PP857820). One-year-old raspberry seedlings were planted in pots with a sterile soil mix (2:2:1 v/v ratio of soil, peat, and vermiculite) under controlled greenhouse conditions (23-26°C, 16h light/8h dark). A month post-planting, taproots were wounded in six pots and inoculated with 20 ml of conidia suspension (106 conidia/ml), while the other six pots were maintained as controls. After 14 days, RB10-infected plants showed symptoms similar to field observations, while controls remained healthy. The experiment was conducted twice, and re-isolation confirmed both the pathogenicity and identity of the pathogen. In the concatenated phylogenetic tree of ITS, TEF-1α and RPB2, strain RB10 was clustered with the F. avenaceum representative strains KG502, KG431 and F094. Studies revealed F. avenaceum varied pathogenicity across plants (Bugingo, 2022; Moparthi et al. 2020& 2024; Yli-Mattila et al. 2018), and it has been reported to induce raspberry fruit rot (Wang et al. 2017). However, no previous reports linked this fungus to raspberry root rot. This report is crucial for understanding the impact of root rot disease on raspberry cultivation and developing effective management strategies.

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Natural biosorbents from agricultural side stream products are being investigated due to their large surface area and capacity for various compounds. The aim of the present work was to investigate the raspberry seeds and their sorption potential in the recovery of natural pigments. The experiment included raspberry seed and a liquid by-phase rich in anthocyanins initially collected during the depulping of the raspberry seed material. Biosorption was monitored by LC-MS analysis of the anthocyanins and by the total anthocyanin content (TAC) before and after biosorption. Cyanidins predominated in the seed material, followed by pelargonidins and peonidins. The efficiency of biosorption was examined by comparing the percent of removal. The heterogeneous polymer structure of the biosorbent, which consists mainly of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). The FTIR spectra of raw and defatted seed indicated functional groups involved in biosorption and principal component analysis (PCA) performed on Raman spectra pointed to differences among biosorbents. The developed strategy for the valorization of raspberry seeds in the recovery of natural colorants was shown to be effective, with recoveries from 49 to 88 percent of total anthocyanins.

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Introduction: Fruits are perishable, thus it's crucial to have an efficient preservation technique that can increase storage time while keeping physical quality and nutritional attributes in order to avoid wastage. The majority of methods for long-term storage require refrigeration. Methods: In this investigation, we assess the viability of isochoric freezing as a different technique of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) preservation. Raspberries were subjected to different storage conditions: isochoric freezing at -4°C, conventional isobaric settings at +3°C (refrigerator), -21°C (freezer), and -4°C with a trehalose solution in a plastic bag. The study assessed changes in weight loss, visual appearance, color, hardness, °Brix values, and pH over a seven-day period. Results: Key findings reveal that raspberries subjected to isochoric freezing below the freezing point of water experienced minimal weight loss after seven days. Visual appearance, color, hardness, °Brix values, and pH were comparable to fresh raspberries, indicating minimal alteration. Discussion: These results suggest that isochoric freezing shows potential as a preservation method that maintains the physical and chemical properties of raspberries similar to fresh fruit. Implementing diverse preservation techniques tailored to raspberries may contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing food wastage and the associated environmental impact.

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Background: In recent years, the therapeutic effects of raspberry have been the subject of several randomized control trials (RCTs). However, there is no consensus about the effect of raspberry consumption on anthropometric indices and liver function tests. So, the present review aims to investigate this effectiveness by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched to identify eligible randomized control trials (RCTs) up to March 2024. The overall effect sizes were estimated using the random-effects model as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Nine studies (10 arms) with 355 participants were eligible for inclusion in this review. This meta-analysis showed that raspberry consumption did not lead to significant changes in anthropometric indices (weight, body mass index, and waist circumference) and liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase). Conclusion: This review revealed that raspberry consumption had no significant impact on anthropometric indices or liver function tests. However, more RCTs with a larger sample size and higher sensitivity are needed to draw definite conclusions.Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=477568, PROSPERO ID: CRD42023477568.

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Raspberry plants need intensive anti-fungal protection. A solution to this problem could be the application of an ozonation process. For this purpose, a technical solution was proposed and implemented in raspberry plant production. The proposal suggests replacing 25% of standard fungicide treatments with ozonation. It was demonstrated that the use of ozone under the proposed conditions made it possible to maintain stable parameters of chlorophyll content and fluorescence (no significant differences), but the intensity of gas exchange was increased. The greatest differences were observed in the second measurement period (T2), when the plants were in the stage of most active development. Additionally, the content and profile of low-molecular-weight antioxidants and the microbial load were determined in the collected fruits. In periods T2 and T3, the proposed method caused a reduction reaching ~2 log cfu g-1 in the microbial content of raspberry fruits. It was shown that ozone treatment intensified the biosynthesis of low-molecular-weight antioxidants in fruit (increasing the total polyphenol content by more than 20%). The proposed scheme allows a 25% reduction in standard fungicide treatments while maintaining the health of cultivated raspberry plants. The reduction in fungicide use aligns with the EU regulations and produces fruit with better quality.

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1. Recent research has shown that encapsulated raspberry powder (RP) is a natural colourant for foodstuffs. However, no research has been conducted on its use in chicken nuggets. In addition, the effect of RP on products with and without phosphate addition is unknown. This study assessed the effects of RP (control, 0.5%, 1.0%) and phosphate (0.0%, 0.3%) on the pH and colour quality properties of nuggets.2. In the production of RP, red raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.) juices were encapsulated using maltodextrin in a spray-dryer. Antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin, total phenolics, colour, moisture and pH analyses of the RP were performed.3. Nuggets were packaged in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 40%CO2 + 60%N2) and were stored at 2.0 ± 0.5°C for 120 d. The pH and external and internal surface colour (L*, a*, b*, C* and h) values were measured on d 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 of storage.4. The addition of phosphate increased the pH in the samples, while these decreased with the addition of RP (p < 0.05). During storage, the highest pH were seen in the phosphate samples and the lowest in the nuggets with 1.0% RP addition (p < 0.05).5. With the addition of phosphate, the external surface a* value of nuggets increased (p < 0.05). Depending on the level of RP added to the nuggets, the external surface L* value decreased and a* and b* values increased (p < 0.05). After d 30 of storage, the a* value increased in the samples with RP addition and this increase was higher in the with phosphate nuggets (p < 0.05).6. The internal surface a* value increased with the addition of RP during nugget production (p < 0.05). The increase in a* value was greater in samples with added phosphate (p < 0.05). During storage, the highest a* values were seen in nuggets treated with phosphate + 0.1% RP (p < 0.05). The addition of RP to chicken nugget emulsion improved redness, colour stability and shelf life.

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A novel negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus showing genetic similarity to viruses of the genus Rubodvirus has been found in raspberry plants in the Czech Republic and has tentatively been named raspberry rubodvirus 1 (RaRV1). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed its clustering within the group, albeit distantly related to other members. A screening of 679 plant and 168 arthropod samples from the Czech Republic and Norway revealed RaRV1 in 10 raspberry shrubs, one batch of Aphis idaei, and one individual of Orius minutus. Furthermore, a distinct isolate of this virus was found, sharing 95% amino acid identity in both the full nucleoprotein and partial sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene sequences, meeting the species demarcation criteria. This discovery marks the first reported instance of a rubodvirus infecting raspberry plants. Although transmission experiments under experimental conditions were unsuccessful, positive detection of the virus in some insects suggests their potential role as vectors for the virus.

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The well-established anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of red fruits leave room for a biological pathway of improved muscle health promoted by berries in the diet. Our objective was to systematically review the number of trials conducted on human and animal species around the relationship between a berry diet and muscle health outcomes. Two independent examiners conducted a search for studies that utilized keywords associated with muscle health outcomes and a berry-based diet in both human and animal trials, in accordance with the PRISMA statement guidelines. The literature was searched through six electronic databases until December 2023. Screening of 152 retrieved articles resulted in a final selection of 16 reports investigating the effect of exposure to a berry-based diet and skeletal muscle health outcomes. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023479682). Among the selected studies, nine involved humans and seven animal models (rats and mice). Overall, most of the studies reported positive effects on performance or muscle health. Specifically, five studies investigated the possible effects of blackcurrant on active human subjects or athletes; three studies focused on blueberry and presented results on running performance (human sample) and muscle health (rat models). The rest of the studies involved raspberries (two studies, rat models), aronia (one study, rat models), elderberry (one study, rat models), and a mixed compound (one study, rat models). In conclusion, there is some early evidence that a berry-rich diet may increase performance or muscle health, but more research is needed to fully understand the underlying biological trajectories, and thus, no firm conclusions can yet be drawn.

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With the growing demand for infrastructure and transportation facilities, the need for advanced structural health monitoring (SHM) systems is critical. This study introduces two innovative, cost-effective, standalone, and open-source data acquisition devices designed to enhance SHM through the latest sensing technologies. The first device, termed CEDAS_acc, integrates the ADXL355 MEMS accelerometer with a RaspberryPi mini-computer, ideal for measuring strong ground motions and assessing structural modal properties during forced vibration tests and structural monitoring of mid-rise buildings. The second device, CEDAS_geo, incorporates the SM24 geophone sensor with a Raspberry Pi, designed for weak ground motion measurements, making it suitable for seismograph networks, seismological research, and early warning systems. Both devices function as acceleration/velocity Data Acquisition Systems (DAS) and standalone data loggers, featuring hardware components such as a single-board mini-computer, sensors, Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), and micro-SD cards housed in protective casings. The CEDAS_acc includes a triaxial MEMS accelerometer with three ADCs, while the CEDAS_geo uses horizontal and vertical geophone elements with an ADC board. To validate these devices, rigorous tests were conducted. Offset Test, conducted by placing the sensor on a leveled flat surface in six orientations, demonstrating the accelerometer's ability to provide accurate measurements using gravity as a reference; Frequency Response Test, performed at the Gebze Technical University Earthquake and Structure Laboratory (GTU-ESL), comparing the devices' responses to the GURALP-5TDE reference sensor, with CEDAS_acc evaluated on a shaking table and CEDAS_geo's performance assessed using ambient vibration records; and Noise Test, executed in a low-noise rural area to determine the intrinsic noise of CEDAS_geo, showing its capability to capture vibrations lower than ambient noise levels. Further field tests were conducted on a 10-story reinforced concrete building in Gaziantep, Turkey, instrumented with 8 CEDAS_acc and 1 CEDAS_geo devices. The building's response to a magnitude 3.2 earthquake and ambient vibrations was analyzed, comparing results to the GURALP-5TDE reference sensors and demonstrating the devices' accuracy in capturing peak accelerations and modal frequencies with minimal deviations. The study also introduced the Record Analyzer (RECANA) web application for managing data analysis on CEDAS devices, supporting various data formats, and providing tools for filtering, calibrating, and exporting data. This comprehensive study presents valuable, practical solutions for SHM, enhancing accessibility, reliability, and efficiency in structural and seismic monitoring applications and offering robust alternatives to traditional, costlier systems.

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Enclosed public spaces are hotspots for airborne disease transmission. To measure and maintain indoor air quality in terms of airborne transmission, an open source, low cost and distributed array of particulate matter sensors was developed and named Dynamic Aerosol Transport for Indoor Ventilation, or DATIV, system. This system can use multiple particulate matter sensors (PMSs) simultaneously and can be remotely controlled using a Raspberry Pi-based operating system. The data acquisition system can be easily operated using the GUI within any common browser installed on a remote device such as a PC or smartphone with a corresponding IP address. The software architecture and validation measurements are presented together with possible future developments.

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The development of contactless methods to assess the degree of personal hygiene in elderly people is crucial for detecting frailty and providing early intervention to prevent complete loss of autonomy, cognitive impairment, and hospitalisation. The unobtrusive nature of the technology is essential in the context of maintaining good quality of life. The use of cameras and edge computing with sensors provides a way of monitoring subjects without interrupting their normal routines, and has the advantages of local data processing and improved privacy. This work describes the development an intelligent system that takes the RGB frames of a video as input to classify the occurrence of brushing teeth, washing hands, and fixing hair. No action activity is considered. The RGB frames are first processed by two Mediapipe algorithms to extract body keypoints related to the pose and hands, which represent the features to be classified. The optimal feature extractor results from the most complex Mediapipe pose estimator combined with the most complex hand keypoint regressor, which achieves the best performance even when operating at one frame per second. The final classifier is a Light Gradient Boosting Machine classifier that achieves more than 94% weighted F1-score under conditions of one frame per second and observation times of seven seconds or more. When the observation window is enlarged to ten seconds, the F1-scores for each class oscillate between 94.66% and 96.35%.

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This publication presents the effect of hypochlorous acid dry mist as a disinfectant on selected bacteria, viruses, spores, and fungi as well as on portable Microlife OXY 300 finger pulse oximeters and electronic systems of Raspberry Pi Zero microcomputers. The impact of hypochlorous acid on microbiological agents was assessed at concentrations of 300, 500, and 2000 ppm of HClO according to PN-EN 17272 (Variant I). Studies of the impact of hypochlorous acid fog on electronic components were carried out in an aerosol chamber at concentrations of 500 ppm and 2000 ppm according to two models consisting of 30 (Variant II) and 90 fogging cycles (Variant III). Each cycle included the process of generating a dry mist of hypochlorous acid (25 mL/m3), decontamination of the test elements, as well as cleaning the chamber of the disinfectant agent. The exposure of the materials examined on hypochlorous acid dry mist in all variants resulted in a decrease in the number of viruses, bacteria, spores, and fungi tested. In addition, the research showed that in the variants of hypochlorous acid fogging cycles analyzed, no changes in performance parameters and no penetration of dry fog of hypochlorous acid into the interior of the tested medical devices and electronic systems were observed.

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The development of a compact and affordable fluorescence microscope can be a formidable challenge for growing needs in on-site testing and detection of fluorescent labeled biological systems, especially for those who specialize in biology rather than in engineering. In response to such a situation, we present an open-source miniature fluorescence microscope using Raspberry Pi. Our fluorescence microscope, with dimensions of 19.2 × 13.6 × 8.2 cm3 (including the display, computer, light-blocking case, and other operational requirements), not only offers cost-effectiveness (costing less than $500) but is also highly customizable to meet specific application needs. The 12.3-megapixel Raspberry Pi HQ Camera captures high-resolution imagery, while the equipped wide-angle lens provides a field of view measuring 21 × 15 mm2. The integrated wireless LAN in the Raspberry Pi, along with software-controllable high-powered fluorescence LEDs, holds potential for a wide range of applications. This open-source fluorescence microscope offers biohybrid sensor developers a versatile tool to streamline unfamiliar mechanical design tasks and open new opportunities for on-site fluorescence detections.

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Hepatic fibrosis is a compensatory response to chronic liver injury and inflammation, and dietary intervention is recommended as one of the fundamental prevention strategies. Raspberry ketone (RK) is an aromatic compound first isolated from raspberry and widely used to prepare food flavors. The current study investigated the hepatoprotection and potential mechanism of RK against hepatic fibrosis. In vitro, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation was stimulated with TGF-ß and cultured with RK, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) agonist or inhibitor, respectively. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with thioacetamide (TAA) at 100/200 mg/kg from the first to the fifth week. Mice were intragastrically administrated with RK or Cur once a day from the second to the fifth week. In activated HSCs, RK inhibited extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, inflammation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. RK both activated FXR/PGC-1α and regulated their crosstalk, which were verified by their inhibitors and agonists. Deficiency of FXR or PGC-1α also attenuated the effect of RK on the reverse of activated HSCs. RK also decreased serum ALT/AST levels, liver histopathological change, ECM accumulation, inflammation, and EMT in mice caused by TAA. Double activation of FXR/PGC-1α might be the key targets for RK against hepatic fibrosis. Above all, these discoveries supported the potential of RK as a novel candidate for the dietary intervention of hepatic fibrosis.

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The optimal indoor environment is associated with comfortable temperatures along with favorable indoor air quality. One of the air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), is potentially harmful to animals and humans. Most farms have monitoring systems to identify other hazardous gases rather than PM due to the sensor cost. In recent decades, the application of environmental monitoring systems based on Internet of Things (IoT) devices that incorporate low-cost sensors has elevated extensively. The current study develops a low-cost air quality monitoring system for swine buildings based on Raspberry Pi single-board computers along with a sensor array. The system collects data using 11 types of environmental variables along with temperature, humidity, CO2, light, pressure, and different types of gases, namely PM1, PM2.5, and PM10. The system is designed with a central web server that provides real-time data visualization and data availability through the Internet. It was tested in actual pig barns to ensure stability and functionality. In addition, there was a collocation test conducted by placing the system in two different pig barns to validate the sensor data. The Wilcoxon rank sum test demonstrates that there are no significant differences between the two sensor datasets, as all variables have a p-value greater than 0.05. However, except for carbon monoxide (CO), none of the variables exhibit correlation exceeding 0.5 with PM concentrations. Overall, a scalable, portable, non-complex, low-cost air quality monitoring system was successfully developed within a cost of USD 94.

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This article introduces a novel middleware that utilizes cost-effective, low-power computing devices like Raspberry Pi to analyze data from wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It is designed for indoor settings like historical buildings and museums, tracking visitors and identifying points of interest. It serves as an evacuation aid by monitoring occupancy and gauging the popularity of specific areas, subjects, or art exhibitions. The middleware employs a basic form of the MapReduce algorithm to gather WSN data and distribute it across available computer nodes. Data collected by RFID sensors on visitor badges is stored on mini-computers placed in exhibition rooms and then transmitted to a remote database after a preset time frame. Utilizing MapReduce for data analysis and a leader election algorithm for fault tolerance, this middleware showcases its viability through metrics, demonstrating applications like swift prototyping and accurate validation of findings. Despite using simpler hardware, its performance matches resource-intensive methods involving audiovisual and AI techniques. This design's innovation lies in its fault-tolerant, distributed setup using budget-friendly, low-power devices rather than resource-heavy hardware or methods. Successfully tested at a historical building in Greece (M. Hatzidakis' residence), it is tailored for indoor spaces. This paper compares its algorithmic application layer with other implementations, highlighting its technical strengths and advantages. Particularly relevant in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and general monitoring middleware for indoor locations, this middleware holds promise in tracking visitor counts and overall building occupancy.

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The adoption of the European Green Deal will limit acaricide use in high value crops like raspberry, to be replaced by biological control and other alternative strategies. More basic knowledge on mites in such crops is then necessary, like species, density, and their role as vectors of plant diseases. This study had four aims, focusing on raspberry leaves at northern altitude: (1) identify mite species; (2) study mite population densities; (3) investigate mite intra-plant distribution; (4) investigate co-occurrence of phytophagous mites, raspberry leaf blotch disorder and raspberry leaf blotch virus (RLBV). Four sites in south-eastern Norway were sampled five times. Floricanes from different parts of the sites were collected, taking one leaf from each of the upper, middle, and bottom zones of the cane. Mites were extracted with a washing technique and processed for species identification and RLBV detection. Mites and leaves were tested for RLBV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with virus-specific primers. Phytophagous mites, Phyllocoptes gracilis, Tetranychus urticae, and Neotetranychus rubi, and predatory mites, Anystis baccarum and Typhlodromus (Typhlodromus) pyri were identified. All phytophagous mites in cultivated raspberry preferred the upper zone of floricanes, while in non-cultivated raspberry, they preferred the middle zone. The presence of phytophagous mites did not lead to raspberry leaf blotch disorder during this study. RLBV was detected in 1.3% of the sampled plants, none of them with leaf blotch symptoms, and in 4.3% of P. gracilis samples, and in some spider mite samples, implying that Tetranychids could also be vectors of RLBV.

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