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Key Clinical Message: Caruncle lesions are uncommon, though it may be involved by a wide variety of lesions including tumors and cysts of the conjunctiva, skin, or lacrimal gland. Lobular capillary haemangioma of the caruncle is a rare occurrence but may mimic some primary or secondary malignant neoplasms. Excision and histopathological examination confirm the diagnosis. Abstract: The caruncle lesions are uncommon. Lobular capillary haemangioma involving caruncle is a rare occurrence. We present a case of large lobular capillary haemangioma of caruncle in a 10-year-old boy, was treated successfully by surgical excision.

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Cutaneous pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are common, benign vascular tumors of uncertain pathogenesis; however, a growing body of literature suggests that the formation of PGs may be secondary to genetic alterations in both the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. We present three cases of spontaneous multifocal PGs that first presented in infancy, were not associated with other vascular anomalies or discernable etiology, harbored somatic genetic variants in the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway (NRAS n = 2, FGFR1 n = 1), were refractory to treatment with beta-blockers and mTOR inhibitors, and responded best to pulsed dye laser. We propose the term "spontaneous multifocal PGs" to describe this entity.

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Introduction: Pyogenic granuloma presents clinically as a rapidly growing, friable, red papule of skin or mucosa, commonly measuring less than 10 mm with frequent bleeding due to ulceration. Angioproliferative diseases including pyogenic granuloma and cherry angioma have been reported during COVID-19 infection or following COVID-19 vaccination. Case Presentation: Here, we report a 52-year-old female patient who developed diffuse skin eruptions 3 weeks after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: As per our knowledge, this is the first case of eruptive PG following COVID-19 vaccination. Oral propranolol and PDL laser therapy were administered after obtaining inconvenient results from electro-cautery, and there was a good response within 6 weeks of starting therapy, defined by the cessation of new lesion formation and a decrease in the size of large lesions.

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The aim of this case report is to present a unique and rare finding in a 29-year-old male with the chief complaint of swelling in the gums related to the back teeth of the lower left jaw, since 20 days. In the absence of any alarming findings on the intraoral periapical radiograph and blood profile, an excisional biopsy of the provisionally diagnosed pyogenic granuloma was planned with a high-power diode LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation). Following the excision, an unusual amount of bleeding was encountered from a single point on the buccal cortical plate between the teeth #35 and #36. On reevaluating the left face with advanced radiodiagnostic methods, an accessory buccal foramen was reported distal to #35 which housed a thin, tortuous, and aberrant branch of the inferior alveolar artery. The swelling was histopathologically diagnosed as lobular capillary hemangioma, and the aberrant artery was labeled as its feeder vessel. The patient had no episode of recurrence until 2 years of follow-up.

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Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular neoformation, presenting as a painful red nodule on the skin, mucosa or nail apparatus. It is usually related to local complications such as bleedings and superinfections. The etiology of PG remains still unclear, and several triggers can lead to its formation. In case of multiple lesions, systemic conditions and drugs remain the main causes. Antineoplastic treatments, retinoids, antiretrovirals, hormones and anticonvulsants are frequently implicated in PG formation. In literature, PG has been rarely described in the course of biological treatment due to rheumatological disease. The present case report describes the development of polydactolous PGs in a 21-year-old woman with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) during treatment with belimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against BlyS. The clinical presentation, in particular the timing and the multiplicity of the lesions, and the improvement after belimumab discontinuation allowed us to consider PG as drug-induced. This case highlights the importance of considering PG as a potential complication of rheumatologic treatments.

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Development of periungual pyogenic granulomas (pPGs) has been associated with several systemic treatments, including retinoids, taxanes, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors. We present the case of an 8-year-old girl with a personal history of acute myelomonocytic leukemia treated with a haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant who developed pPGs 2 months after starting ravulizumab. Ravulizumab is a monoclonal antibody directed against C5 protein. No previous reports of pPGs development have been described with ravulizumab.

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Hemolacria, or bloody tears, is a symptom caused by several ocular disorders ranging from trauma to hormonal changes. We describe a case in which a 21-year-old, 28-week pregnant patient presented to the emergency department (ED) following her second occurrence of nocturnal left eye bleeding in a week. During her examination in the ED, a small abrasion to the lateral edge of the upper left lid was noted. No other injuries, traumatic mechanisms, or relevant past medical history were noted. Due to her pregnancy, the nascent pyogenic granuloma responsible for her hemolacria was managed conservatively. Despite management, the pyogenic granuloma rapidly grew within a few weeks causing ocular irritation and conjunctival injection. Due to concerns about ocular irritation, inability to close the affected eyelid, and decreasing visual acuity, the pyogenic granuloma was removed surgically. This case highlights the difficulty in managing pregnant patients with ocular complaints who initially present to the ED. In this case, the patient's pregnancy complicated her initial treatment plan, requiring more conservative initial management strategies. While conservative first-line treatment options for pregnant patients are recommended, they should be paired with constant risk-benefit assessment for the patient and her fetus.

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Background: Lobular capillary hemangioma, also known as pyogenic granuloma (PG), is a relatively common benign rapidly growing friable vascular tumor of the skin and mucus membranes. Although the exact pathogenesis of PG is unknown, many theories discussed the potential of an angiogenic stimulus and an imbalance of inducers and inhibitors triggering the hyperplastic and neovascular response. The most frequently used modality for treatment of PG is surgical treatment. The proposed case represents an unexpected evolution to a possible therapeutic measure. Case Description: We represent a case of a 32-year-old male, known to have T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated successfully with chemotherapy, currently maintained on methotrexate (MTX) 40 mg and 6-mercaptopurine, 100 mg, presented with 1-month history of painful rapidly growing ulcerated nodules on his right-hand palm and middle finger. Both skin lesions developed approximately 3 months following patient initiation of maintenance treatment. Physical examination revealed two crusted nodules. A proximal lesion was observed over the palmar aspect between the second and third fingers, with the other one occurring alongside the distal phalanx of the third finger, measuring 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm, and 2.5 cm × 3.5 cm respectively. Skin biopsy was obtained from both lesions. The results of the histologic examination both revealed inflamed PG. Tissue cultures of both specimens tested positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth while no fungal and tuberculosis were cultured. Ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily, a 2-week course was started. Both lesions completely resolved at 10th-day of antibiotic course with no recurrence. Conclusions: This is a case of a patient with lobular capillary hemangioma of the hand treated successfully with no recurrence using an oral antibiotic. The proposed case represents an unexpected evolution to a possible therapeutic measure. The unexpected role of a conservative measure rather than the conventional surgical method in treating vascular tumors has been highlighted. Moreover, the contribution to an excellent cosmetic outcome has also been demonstrated.

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Pyogenic granuloma (PG) refers to an acquired benign proliferation most commonly seen within the oral cavity involving lips, palate, and gingiva. The term is misleading since it is a type of lobular capillary haemangioma but not an infection. It frequently recurs but lacks the capacity for malignant alteration. Depending on where the PG is located, one may experience discomfort or irritation. PGs often lead to differential diagnoses by clinicians, which include capillary hemangioma, neurofibroma, melanoma, and hyperplasia. Therefore, one must confirm a PG by diagnosing and analysing it by clinical and histopathological examinations, and treatment options should be formulated according to the evaluation. Sometimes, a biopsy of the lesion can be taken for final diagnosis. Various treatment approaches are available, including conventional scalpel excision, laser, electrocautery, and cryotherapy. Surgical excision is preferable due to the likelihood of malignancy, as it provides the best cosmetic appearance and produces a specimen for pathologic assessment. After confirming all the clinical evaluatory parameters and routine haematological examinations, which proved satisfactory and within normal ranges, this case of a 45-year-old female with soft tissue growth of the gingival origin was managed by electrocautery, and the PG was confirmed by a clinical-histopathological examination.

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Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular neoplasm seen in the first and second decades of life, and it has a female predilection. It presents as a small reddish exophytic lesion, gingiva being the most common site. This article describes an unusual presentation of PG in a one-year-old female child and highlights the importance of its early diagnosis and management to avoid discomfort and distress in these patients. The diagnosis was verified by histological examination, which revealed significant markers such as endothelial growth, vascular abundance, and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration. The chosen treatment protocol was surgical excision, which led to a successful outcome with no symptoms of recurrence, as confirmed by thorough follow-up examinations.

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Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory non-neoplastic lesion of the oral cavity. Chronic, mild, local irritation, trauma, hormonal variables, and certain medications are typical causes of pyogenic granulomas. Women have a higher prevalence than men. The risk is greatest in the second to fifth decades of life. Clinically, the lesion appears smooth, with soft to firm consistency and nontender with a pedunculated or sessile base. Various modalities have been proposed for the treatment of lesion, which include the conventional approach, the use of laser, cryotherapy, and electrocauterization. This case series discusses three cases of pyogenic granuloma in female patients at different locations in the oral cavity. The lesion was subsequently treated with electrosurgery and surgical convention methods. No recurrence of the lesion has been seen in either of the cases.

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Background: Collagen is a component of Pyogenic Granuloma (PG) and Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (POF) and performs different functions in these lesions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of collagen and immunostaining for Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β) in the clinical and microscopic findings of PG and POF. Material and Methods: PG (n=20) and POF (n=20) were selected for clinical evaluation (sex, age, localization, size and evolution time) and microscopic analysis (picrosirius red staining for collagen analysis and immunohistochemistry for TGF-β) performed in the superficial and deep areas of the two lesions. ANOVA/Bonferroni and t-test, Pearson correlation and χ2 were used to compare the sites and parameters analyzed (p<0.05, GraphPad Prism 5.0). Results: The depth of PG presented the highest amount of collagen (p<0.001), and its surface showed the lowest amount of type 1 collagen (yellow-red strong birefringence). Type 1 collagen gradually increased in depth of PG, surface and depth of POF (p<0.001). The number of TGF-β+ cells was lower on the surface of PG compared with the depth of PG and the two areas of POF (p<0.001). Sex and localization did not affect these parameters, but the profile of collagen and immunostaining for TGF-β suffered from modifications by the time of evolution and the size of the lesion. Conclusions: Although PG and POF are reactive gingival lesions, the expression of TGF-β and its role in collagen showed different biological behaviors in these lesions, suggesting different biological origins for its components. (AU)

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Mucin-producing adenocarcinomas (MAC) are an extremely rare, indistinct group of neoplasm having either a salivary gland origin or with prominent glandular component. The diagnosis is chiefly based on the histological aspect conjoined with immunohistochemical evaluation as clinico-radiographical features are non-specific. It can arise as a primary metastasis to soft tissues, most commonly from either lung, breast, kidney, or colon. This paper reports a 51-year-old woman with buccolingual gingival swelling having a final diagnosis of metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma from the breast. A tissue biopsy was performed followed by immunohistochemistry that confirmed the diagnosis. They are extremely rare, making the diagnosis challenging as it may mimic a benign neoplasm. It accounts for approximately 1% of all oral malignant neoplasms having gingival propensity. The clinician should therefore take into account every diagnostic aspect while encountering such oral lesions to achieve proper patient welfare.

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The oral cavity is frequently affected by gingival pyogenic granuloma (PG), a benign tumor that is known for its quick growth and tendency to hemorrhage. The clinical presentation, diagnostic procedure, and treatment of a patient with gingival pyogenic granuloma are all detailed in this case study. A female individual aged 25 years in otherwise good condition arrived with a sessile gingival tumor in the anterior mandibular region that was expanding quickly. During dental hygiene procedures, there was intermittent bleeding and discomfort related to the lesion. Based on histology analysis and clinical examination, PG was diagnosed. The course of treatment included surgical excision followed by a histological analysis to ensure total eradication. Appointments for follow-up revealed adequate healing and no indications of recurrence. This case study aims to demonstrate the need for prompt diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and diligent follow-up to effectively manage gingival pyogenic granuloma. Dental professionals can better treat patients and achieve better results with a thorough understanding of this common oral lesion and its management.

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Objective: To perform a systematic review of published cases of nasal lobular capillary hemangioma (LCH) during pregnancy. Data Source: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Review Methods: We searched electronic databases from inception to June 30, 2022. Case report and case series that reported clinical data on nasal LCH during pregnancy were included. Categorical variables were expressed as proportions and numerical variables as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Results: Twenty-three studies (20 case reports and 3 case series) involving 29 patients were included. The mean age was 30.5 ± 5.3 years. A total of 62% cases were diagnosed in the third trimester of pregnancy. The most frequent (62%) location of LCH was the nasal septum. All cases presented with epistaxis. A total of 48% cases were treated by surgical excision after delivery and the recurrence was 11%. Conclusion: Our review shows that nasal LCH during pregnancy usually manifests in the third trimester. This lesion can be treated by surgical excision with a relatively low risk of recurrence.

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Pyogenic granuloma is a reactive lesion that is commonly seen in the skin and oral cavity. Though it is an unfortunate misnomer, being neither pyogenic nor a true granuloma, the name has been used for years. In the oral cavity, it presents as a growth mostly situated on the gingiva, but may also occur on the tongue, buccal and labial mucosa, and palate, and may even be seen in relation to dental implants. The lesion is usually bright or purple red in color, soft in consistency, relatively painless, and appears highly vascularized. Local etiologic factors are usually poor oral hygiene or chronic irritation. Histopathologically it is an inflammatory hyperplasia of the connective tissue with exuberant vascularity. Sometimes, this lesion may present with unusual histopathological patterns, which could lead to difficulty in diagnosis. Long-standing pyogenic granuloma may show histologic changes such as localized osteogenesis in the matrix of the lesion which could potentially lead to complications in the area of the lesion. This article reports a rare case with rare histopathological features in an 18-year-old female presenting with long-standing soft tissue gingival growth.

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Caudal malocclusions in cats may result in a variety of traumatic lesions affecting the soft tissues of the ipsilateral mandible such as fovea, gingival cleft, and proliferative lesions. Fifty-one cats diagnosed with a traumatic caudal malocclusion were compared with a control hospital population and evaluated for prevalence with respect to breed and sex. Twenty-two cats that were treated had radiographic, clinical findings, and the outcome of treatment (extraction or odontoplasty) recorded. Maine Coon, Persian, and male neutered cats were overrepresented while Domestic Shorthairs were underrepresented within the study population. Radiographically, 50% of the fovea lesions had an area of decreased bone density in the region of the lesion and none of these had evidence of periodontal disease. All gingival cleft lesions had radiographic changes consistent with periodontal disease. 15.4% of proliferative lesions presented with radiographic changes, with only half of those presenting with both radiographic and clinical evidence of periodontal disease. Eleven cats were treated by odontoplasty and eleven by extraction. One cat treated by odontoplasty developed new lesions caudally, and another had persistence of the initial lesions. Two cats in the extraction group developed new lesions rostral to the extracted teeth. In most instances, odontoplasty or extraction resulted in successful soft tissue lesion resolution. In rare cases, additional treatment was necessary due to either persistence or development of new lesions.

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PURPOSE: To evaluate immunophenotypic profiles of infiltrating cells in surgically excised tissues of chalazion and pyogenic granuloma associated with chalazion. METHODS: Eighty-two surgical specimens from 74 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with chalazion or chalazion-associated pyogenic granuloma at Tokyo Medical University Hospital between 2016 and 2022 were studied. Sixty specimens were chalazion lesions and 22 specimens were pyogenic granuloma lesions (from 15 men and 7 women, mean age 36.6 ± 14.4 years). All patients were immunocompetent Asian Japanese adults. Specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was performed using the following antibodies: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD11c, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD25, CD34, CD44, CD56, CD69, and CD138. RESULTS: In flow cytometric analysis, the proportion of cells expressing the T cell marker CD3 was significantly higher compared with other immune cells expressing specific markers (p < 0.0001), and the proportion of CD4-positive T cells was significantly higher than that of CD8-positive T cells (p < 0.0001), in both chalazion and pyogenic granuloma specimens. The chalazion and pyogenic granuloma lesions shared similar immunophenotypic profile characterized by predominant T cell infiltration, and CD4 T cells dominating over CD8 cells. The pattern of expression of CD4 and CD8 in the specimens was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates immunophenotypic features of chalazion and chalazion-associated pyogenic granuloma. Although various inflammatory cells are involved in the pathology of chalazion and pyogenic granuloma, a significantly higher proportion of CD4-positive T cells may be closely related to the pathological mechanisms of both lesions.

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Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is a benign vascular lesion found predominantly in the oral cavity. Characterized by rapid growth and propensity to bleed, PG presents diagnostic challenges due to its similarity and alarming proliferation. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of oral PG, with emphasis on recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The epidemiology of the injury is meticulously analyzed, revealing a higher incidence in women and a wide range of ages of onset. It delves into the etiopathogenesis, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding the exact causal factors, although historical attributions suggest an infectious origin. It exhaustively analyzes the clinical and histopathological aspects of oral PG, offering information on its various presentations and the importance of an accurate diagnosis to guide effective treatment. It details treatment strategies, emphasizing the personalized approach based on individual patient characteristics. This comprehensive review consolidates current knowledge on oral PG, highlighting the need for further research to clarify its pathogenesis and optimize treatment protocols.

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An inflammatory hyperplasia known as a pyogenic granuloma (PG) appears as a nodular growth on the oral mucosa. The most frequent place is the gingiva, followed by the buccal mucosa, tongue, and lips. Histologically, the surface epithelium may be hyperkeratotic, have ulceration foci, or be intact. It lies on the dense connective tissue that contains a sizable amount of fully developed collagen. Most of the pregnancies result in PG of the gingiva; for this reason, the phrases "Pregnancy Tumor" and "Granuloma Gravidarum" are frequently used. It typically occurs during the second and third months of pregnancy and tends to bleed, making it challenging to masticate. Estrogen increases the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) synthesis in macrophages, which is associated with PG development during pregnancy. This case describes a surgically treated case of PG in a middle-aged female with a conventional scalpel technique, giving functional and esthetic outcomes in a patient.