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Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess the impact of disease on quality of life from the patient's perspective. Our purpose was to provide an overview of current PROMs used for vitreomacular interface disorders: macular hole, epiretinal membrane, and vitreomacular traction. We review the content coverage of all identified PROMs, assess them against quality-of-life issues as identified from earlier qualitative studies, and assess their psychometric quality (measurement properties). We identified 86 studies that used a PROM and 2 qualitative studies on quality of life of patients with a vitreomacular interface disorder. Current PROMs used in vitreomacular interface disorders have a limited content coverage and unknown psychometric quality. The National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire was used most. None of the condition-specific PROMs used patient consultation during content development, and there is only a small overlap between the content of PROMs and quality-of-life issues in qualitative studies. Reporting of psychometric quality was sparse, and mostly limited to concurrent validity and responsiveness. There is a need for properly developed and validated PROMs in vitreomacular interface disorders.

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Introduction: Strabismus influences health-related quality of life. Individuals may have functional and psychosocial consequences of strabismus that impact their well-being. As strabismus is prevalent in all age groups, patients are seen in varied specialties in healthcare organizations. Therefore, healthcare professionals need to be aware of the psychosocial consequences when caring for strabismic individuals. Objective: To describe strabismic adults' experiences of the psychosocial influence of strabismus. Methods: Twelve strabismic adults participated in face-to-face or online semistructured individual interviews to share their experiences of the psychosocial influence of strabismus. The participants were selected purposefully. The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. Results: The participating adults described challenges with social environments, which showed stress in social situations and pressure in interactions. Strabismic adults had experienced staring from others, avoided social situations, and were uncomfortable with photography. They hid their strabismus, avoided eye contact, and struggled with intimate relationships. They also expressed struggles with mental well-being, which were emotional and psychological burdens. The adults described feeling negative emotions, worry, and irritation due to their condition. Struggles with self-confidence, difficulties with acceptance, negative thoughts about their appearance, experiences of bullying, and dealing with being different were described. Conclusion: Strabismic adults experience psychosocial consequences of strabismus, influencing their psychosocial health-related quality of life. Further studies should focus on how healthcare professionals could support strabismic individuals' psychosocial well-being.

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Nepalese migrant workers are at heightened risk of adverse mental health problems. However, the social mechanisms by which experiences of labor migration create such vulnerabilities are not well understood. Moreover, limited attention has been paid to the experiences of left-behind spouses. This study explores how migrant fathers and left-behind mothers experience labor migration and how migration affects mental health across migrant household members, paying special attention to the role of gender. We conducted 29 in-depth interviews with Nepalese migrant fathers (N = 18) in South Korea and left-behind mothers (N = 11) in Nepal. Labor migration imposes substantial stress on the entire family. Migrant fathers discussed their feelings of guilt and worry regarding their relationships with their children due to physical and emotional distance. Left-behind mothers indicated loneliness and caregiver stress due to additional responsibilities as a single parent. Migrant fathers reported that they felt respected by their communities for their work, while left-behind mothers felt heavily scrutinized. Our findings highlight how labor migration reinforces gender inequalities in domestic responsibilities and norms regarding the expected roles of migrating men and left-behind women. These findings suggest that psychosocial services must be tailored to the unique needs of migrant workers and left-behind families.

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OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 infection is not limited to medical aspects, but may have significant negative impacts on education, tourism, the economy as well as sociocultural, ethical, and legal aspects. We aimed to assess the multidimensional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatricians by examining their COVID-19 infection, domestic life and quarantine, as well as work patterns, educational activities, and psychosocial impact. METHODS: An online survey consisted of seven sections and 68 questions was prepared through 'Google Forms.' The survey was sent via e-mail to physicians who are members of the National Pediatric Association of Turkey. RESULTS: The pandemic has affected pediatricians working in our country in a multifaceted aspect. They experienced significant anxiety/depression/stress, 8% of them felt it at a pathological level and were receiving treatment, and women and young pediatricians were more vulnerable to the pandemic. The more adequately informed about the disease, the more prepared for COVID-19 and lower levels of psychological distress, which emphasizes the importance of education and institutional continuing support. Our study showed that academic education was seriously disrupted and the satisfaction rate with virtual education was low. CONCLUSION: Although COVID-19 has less impact today, it has taught us that it is necessary to be ready for new pandemics in the future. The required measures should be taken urgently and effectively healthcare professionals should follow a rational and applicable disaster plan.

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Objectives: We aimed to determine whether remote cognitive training (CT) is feasible and has the potential to improve cognitive function and work performance in Japanese workers. Methods: From June to September 2020, this intervention time series study enrolled workers aged 18-65 years from 10 companies located in a metropolitan area of Japan. Cognitive function tests and self-administered questionnaires were completed by the participants three times: at baseline, after 12 weeks of CT, and after a further 12 weeks following cessation. We measured work performance with the question: "How would you rate your performance (compared with your optimum performance) over the past 4 weeks?" Responses were made via a visual analog scale (0-100). Cognitive function was assessed using the THINC-integrated tool, which is a brief, objective computerized cognitive assessment battery. For our computerized remote CT intervention, BrainHQ was used on the basis of our scientific rationale and the empirical literature. We recommended three 20-min sessions of BrainHQ per week and sent participants three reminders. Results: In total, 119 participants were recruited to this study. Only 22.7% of the subjects achieved the recommended training time of 720 min over 12 weeks. The median training time was used to divide participants into long and short- training groups. The long-training group showed a greater improvement in attention and executive function than the short-training group but there was no significant improvement in work performance after CT compared to baseline. Conclusion: Our results suggest that although remote CT was not feasible enough, the effects on cognitive function can be expected by increasing training time and motivation.

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BACKGROUND: Understanding the relationship of social network use and addictive behaviors with adolescent psychosocial health is crucial in today's digital age. AIM: To verify the associations between social network use, messaging applications, and the addictive behaviors to social network with psychosocial health in Spanish adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was developed with 632 adolescents, aged 12 to 17 years from the Region of Murcia, Spain. The assessment of social network use (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok) involved evaluating the frequency of use of each social network individually using a single-item scale with five response options. WhatsApp use (i.e., a messaging application) was evaluated in the same manner. The Short Social Networks Addiction Scale-6 Symptoms was employed to assess potential addictive behaviors to social network use. The psychosocial health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Generalized linear regression models were conducted, and predictive probabilities of having psychosocial health problems were calculated. RESULTS: The predicted probability of presenting psychosocial health problems in the medium users and high users of social networks was 19.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.0 to 27.7), and 16.2% (95% CI 10.2 to 24.6) higher compared to low users, respectively. High usage of Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and Facebook was associated with increased probabilities of psychosocial health problems, with Facebook showing the highest probabilities, at 31.3% (95% CI 14.8 to 54.2) for medium users and 51.9% (95% CI 26.5 to 76.3) for high users. Additionally, adolescents with addictive behaviors to social network use had from 19.0 to 25.2% probabilities of experiencing psychosocial health problems. Finally, the highest probabilities of having psychosocial health problems were identified in adolescents with high addictive behaviors when using social networks (28.9%; 95% CI 19.3 to 40.8%) and the lowest in those with low addictive behaviors (6.8%; 95% CI 3.3 to 13.6%). CONCLUSION: Adolescents who use social networks more frequently and exhibit more addictive behaviors related to their use are more likely to experience psychosocial health problems compared to those who do not. Facebook showed the strongest association, followed by Snapchat, Instagram, and TikTok. Our data also revealed that adolescents exhibit various signs of addictive behaviors to social network use.

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BACKGROUND: This study aims to explore the varied experiences of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Norway. The study emphasizes challenges and implications of being diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis, including the impact on psychosocial health during the diagnosis, disease, treatment, isolation and recovery phases. Norway is a low endemic country of tuberculosis. Most patients are immigrants, and some of them have recently arrived in the country. Patients undergoing treatment for drug-resistant tuberculosis endure prolonged and demanding treatment that could affect their psychosocial health. METHODS: This qualitative study conducted 16 in-depth interviews with individuals aged 18 years and above who were diagnosed with drug-resistant tuberculosis. All participants completed the treatment between 2008 and 2020. Fourteen participants were immigrants, and eight of them had resided in Norway for less than four years before diagnosis. Data analysis followed the six-phase reflexive thematic analysis framework, focusing on identifying patterns in participants' experiences, thoughts, expectations and attitudes. RESULTS: The narratives of the participants highlighted the complexities of navigating the diagnosis of drug-resistant tuberculosis, treatment, side effects and life after treatment. Immigrants encountered additional challenges, including language barriers and adapting to new social environments. All participants reported experiencing physical health issues that additionally affected their mental health and social activity. Several participants had a delayed or prolonged diagnosis that complicated their disease trajectory. Participants with suspected or confirmed contagious pulmonary tuberculosis underwent hospital isolation for periods ranging from weeks to six months. The participants reported mental health issues, social isolation and stigma, however few were offered follow-up by a psychologist. Many participants had persistent problems at the time of the interviews. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: Delayed and prolonged diagnosis; Psychosocial impact of isolation during treatment; The life after tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the enduring impact of drug-resistant tuberculosis on patients and the significance of timely diagnosis, psychosocial support and post-treatment follow-up. The participants universally faced serious implications of the disease, including stigma and isolation. Participants who experienced delayed diagnosis, reflected on missed early intervention opportunities. We recommend further research in low endemic countries to evaluate the international and local recommendations on psychosocial support.

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The therapeutic efficacy of yoga in cancer care has increasingly attracted attention due to the imperative to address the physical and psychosocial obstacles encountered by cancer patients. Despite previous research presenting conflicting findings on the effectiveness of yoga, there is a need for a comprehensive review to consolidate existing evidence and identify commonalities across studies. An umbrella review was undertaken to aggregate and analyse findings from multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the role of yoga in cancer care. Relevant literature was identified through searches on the Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus databases, using a combination of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms and free-text terms with Boolean operators. The quality of the included reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 tool to ensure the reliability and validity of the discussed findings. The outcomes revealed a predominance of favourable results associated with yoga interventions, particularly in enhancing psychosocial well-being and the quality of life among cancer patients. Consistent reports indicated significant reductions in symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as enhancements in physical outcomes such as fatigue and sleep quality. However, variations in the efficacy of yoga were observed and were dependent on the type of intervention, patient adherence, and comparative analyses with other forms of exercise. While the benefits were substantial in the short term, they did not uniformly surpass those of other therapeutic exercises in the medium term. Despite yoga demonstrating significant immediate benefits in managing both the physical and psychological symptoms associated with cancer, the variability in its long-term and comparative effectiveness suggests the necessity for personalised approaches. The findings emphasise the importance of considering individual patient needs and treatment contexts when integrating yoga into cancer care protocols. Future research should focus on identifying the optimal conditions under which yoga is most beneficial to tailor interventions for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

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Background and Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a measurement tool to determine the perception of pregnancy. Methods: The scale was developed in four main stages: the design and development of the items, submitting the draft form to expert opinion, administration of the scale, and performing construct validity and reliability analyses. The study data were collected from 327 women with pregnancies between May 1, 2020, and February 1, 2021. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 22 and LISREL software packages were used to evaluate the data. Results: The result of the exploratory factor analysis of the scale indicated that there were three factors with an eigenvalue of greater than 1 and that the factors explained 54.152% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha values of the factors were .84, .80, and .81, respectively. Conclusions: Considering the factor structure, item-total test correlations, and reliability coefficients, the negative perceptions of the pregnancy scale that was developed in this study can be used to determine the perception of pregnancy.

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OBJECTIVE: Sports participation is lower in people of Turkish and Moroccan origin in the Netherlands than in native Dutch people. Addressing this inequality calls for better insights into antecedents of sports participation in different ethnic groups. Theorists suggested that loneliness may hamper sports participation, and levels of loneliness are high among people of Turkish and Moroccan origin. This study assessed the longitudinal association between loneliness and regular sports participation among Turkish origin, Moroccan origin and native Dutch people. METHODS: Data are from Turkish origin (n = 394), Moroccan origin (n = 387) and native Dutch (n = 1663) people who participated in Wave 1 (2008-2010) and Wave 2 (2013) of the Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study. Regular sports participation at follow-up was regressed on loneliness at baseline in logistic regression models adjusted for baseline sports participation and a range of confounders. Models were stratified by ethnic group. RESULTS: Turkish and Moroccan origin people had lower rates of regular sports participation and higher levels of loneliness than native Dutch people. Loneliness at baseline was negatively associated with sports participation at follow-up for people of Turkish and Moroccan origin. No evidence of a longitudinal association between loneliness and sports participation among native Dutch people was found. CONCLUSIONS: The demonstrated positive longitudinal association between loneliness and regular sports participation in people of Turkish and Moroccan origin potentially opens new ways to encourage physical activity in these groups. An integrated approach to addressing loneliness and physical inactivity among people with a non-western migration background may benefit the realization of both goals.

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AIM: To explore experiences of social and health professional support among sexual minority forced migrant men. DESIGN: Exploratory qualitative study. METHODS: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted in 2023 with 15 participants recruited through convenience, purposive and snowball sampling. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed with systematic text condensation in a collaborative process between researchers and experts by lived experience. RESULTS: The first category was 'desiring support along a road with challenging intersections'. Participants encountered a harsh reality and dangers in the host country. They sought social connections and communicated with others whilst in a social labyrinth within a new and reserved society. Although social support was desired and highly appreciated, the process involved a spectrum of both belonging and exclusion. The second category was 'navigating uncharted waters when seeking affirming health services'. A range of barriers to health services were encountered in a complex health system. Participants emphasized the importance of safe and affirming spaces that accommodate the vulnerability of disclosure. CONCLUSION: Ensuring respectful and affirming support for sexual minority forced migrants is essential. Barriers in accessing health services need to be addressed, including informing about rights and ensuring safety. IMPLICATION FOR THE PROFESSIONAL AND PATIENT CARE: Nurses and other health professionals can consider social support as a potentially valuable resource for health promotion. However, there is a need for more research investigating its mental health effects. IMPACT: The intersectional disadvantages and discrimination encountered by sexual minority forced migrants call attention to the need for further advancements in inclusion health and affirming care. REPORTING METHOD: This study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Three sexual minority forced migrants were members of the research team. They were involved in the data collection, analysis and reporting in close collaboration with researchers.

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BACKGROUND: The use of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in oncology has uncovered frequent unexpected abnormal findings (AFs). However, the impact of AFs on the patients' mental well-being is still poorly examined. PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term psychological consequences of AF detection following WB-MRI for cancer screening in asymptomatic individuals. STUDY TYPE: Prospective, longitudinal. POPULATION: 121 consecutive subjects of the general population (mean age = 52.61 ± 11.39 years; 63% males) scheduled for cancer screening by WB-MRI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 1.5-T and 3-T; protocol complied with Oncologically Relevant Findings Reporting and Data System (ONCO-RADS) guidelines. ASSESSMENT: Participants completed the first psychological investigation (T0) immediately after the WB-MRI. Subsequently, it was repeated after 1-year (T1), and 4-years (T2, subgroup of 61 participants) without an MRI exam, assessing personality traits, tumor risk perception, quality of life, depressive, and anxious symptoms. Radiologists directly reported WB-MRI findings to the participants, explaining the clinical implications and the location of the AFs. The number and severity of AFs were assessed. STATISTICAL TESTS: Pearson's correlations and analysis of variance with repeated measures assessed the psychological health variables' relationship and their changes over time. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: All participants presented AFs, with 101 individuals categorized as ONCO-RADS 2 and 19 as ONCO-RADS 3. The AFs were most prevalent in bones (31.5%). The overall participants showed only a slight increase in depressive symptoms at T1 [F(1,112) = 7.54]. The severity and the number of AFs were not significantly related to psychological changes [ranging from P = 0.503 to P = 0.997]. Depressive and anxious symptoms over time were significantly affected by the traits of conscientiousness [T1: F(1,112) = 7.87; T2: F(1.708,90.544) = 3.40] and openness [T1: F(1,112) = 4.41]. DATA CONCLUSION: Disclosing AFs by WB-MRI exams for cancer screening may not lead to long-term psychosocial consequences. Certain personality traits may, however, influence the psychological distress experienced by individuals with AFs after WB-MRI exams. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 5.

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BACKGROUND: Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), yet their etiology and course remain unclear. We investigated the frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms longitudinally in youth with cSLE, and associated socio-demographic and disease factors. METHODS: Participants 8-18 years with cSLE completed baseline measures [demographic questionnaire, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC), Screen for Childhood Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED), and psychiatric interview] and follow-up measures (CES-DC and SCARED) > 6 months later. Prevalence of clinically significant depressive (score >15 on CES-DC) or anxiety symptoms (score ≥25 on SCARED) was calculated at baseline and follow-up. Baseline psychiatric interview diagnoses were tabulated. Relationships between socio-demographics (neighborhood-level material deprivation, ethnic concentration, adverse childhood event history, psychiatric condition in a first-degree relative), disease-related factors (disease duration, major organ disease, disease activity, glucocorticoid use, comorbid medical condition) and baseline depressive and anxiety scores, were examined in linear regression models. Factors with univariate associations with p < 0.2 were included in multivariable adjusted models. RESULTS: At baseline, of 51 participants with a mean disease duration of 4.3 years (SD 2.7), 35% (n = 18) and 35% (n = 18) had clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Anxiety disorder was diagnosed by psychiatric interview in 14% (n = 7), depressive disorders in 6% (n = 3), and post-traumatic stress disorder in 4% (n = 2). Adverse childhood events and first-degree relative with psychiatric condition were present in 40% (n = 20) and 37% (n = 18), respectively. In multivariable regression analysis, baseline depressive symptoms were positively correlated with neighbourhood-level material deprivation (ß = 4.2, 95% CI [1.0, 7.3], p = 0.01) and psychiatric condition in a first-degree relative (ß = 7.3, 95% CI [2.2, 12.4], p = 0.006). No associations were found between baseline anxiety scores and patient factors. At a median follow-up of 13.5 months (IQR 10.5, 18) for CES-DC (n = 34) and SCARED (n = 44), depressive and anxiety symptoms were persistent (18%, n = 6; 16%, n = 7), and newly present (24%, n = 8; 16% n = 7) at follow-up. CONCLUSION: In this sample, depressive and anxiety symptoms were prevalent and persistent. Depressive symptoms correlated with neighborhood-level material deprivation, and family psychiatric history. These findings support routine psychosocial assessment in cSLE, and provision of appropriate resources.

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Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remained at elevated risk for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of persistent stressors to their health systems. Simultaneously facing high infection rates, strict containment measures and natural disasters, the Philippines provides important grounds for health research in LMICs. This review examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines. This scoping review included literature in English from 2020 to mid-2022 from PubMed, PsycInfo and SCOPUS, and used the PRISMA-ScR and PCC-question model. Two independent reviewers conducted blind article screening and data extraction using COVIDENCE software, followed by consensus building, data charting and analyses. This work identified 405 publications across PubMed (N = 56), PsycInfo (N = 106) and SCOPUS (N = 243), of which 76 articles addressed the Philippines. Article types included 54 research articles, 10 opinion pieces, 4 literature reviews, 6 letters to journals, 1 study protocol and 1 other report. These findings focused primarily on health professionals (N = 23) and educators/learners (N = 22) and reported mostly on moderate-to-severe clinical outcomes such as fear, depression, anxiety or stress. Coping behaviors, like resiliency and other ways of adapting to the pandemic, including religious, spiritual and community-oriented approaches highlighted experiences with stringent infection prevention and control measures to contain COVID-19 in the Philippines. The COVID-19 pandemic brought severe challenges to mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines. The literature focused mostly on healthcare workers and educators/learners, and moderate-to-severe mental health outcomes in these groups. There is a need to expand studies to other sociodemographic groups and communities across the Philippines. Future work stands to benefit from more in-depth qualitative, mixed methods, longitudinal and representative quantitative research in LMICs following this pandemic. Literature reviews remain important to synthesize post-pandemic experiences by providing context for future studies and health practice in the Philippines and other LMICs.

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Objective: Assess how child involvement in making rules about screen time relates to age, child prosocial functioning, and amount of screen use. Methods: NORC's AmeriSpeak Panel was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of parents or guardians of school-aged children (age 5-17) in the United States (n = 2084). Parents completed survey that included measures of screen time, child involvement in rule making about screen use, family functioning, and dimensions of child psychosocial functioning. Results: Across all age categories, most families had some form of rules about the allowable amount of screen-based digital media for uses other than schoolwork: 86% of elementary school-aged children (ages 5 to 10), 81% of middle school-aged children (ages 11-13), and 61% of high school aged children (ages 14-17). Across all age groups, having rules was associated with fewer hours of screen time (elementary school: B = -1.31, 95% CI = -1.80 to -0.81, p < 0.001; middle school: B = -1.40, 95% CI = -2.20 to -0.59, p < 0.001; high school: B = -0.97, 95% CI = -1.68 to -0.27, p = 0.007). Child involvement in making rules was significantly greater for high school students as compared to elementary school students (ß=0.12, p < 0.001), and not associated with high school- or middle-school aged child screen time. Across all age groups, child involvement in making rules was associated with higher levels of prosocial functioning (elementary school: ß=0.07, p < 0.001; middle school: ß=0.19, p = 0.001; high school: ß=0.21, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Child involvement in making rules about screen use may be an opportunity to strengthen developmentally important competencies, as part of a broader autonomy-supportive approach to parenting.

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Objectives: To assess non-pharmacologic treatment outcomes pertaining to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in youth with chronic idiopathic pain and their families. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 115 youth with chronic idiopathic pain enrolled in a non-pharmacologic, hospital-based intensive interdisciplinary pain treatment (IIPT) program. HRQoL measures for the patient (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL] short form) and family unit (PedsQL Family Impact) were collected on admission and discharge as part of routine clinical care. Changes in PedsQL scores were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Multivariable linear regression was used to explore factors associated with patient-level HRQoL. Results: Both individuals and the family unit reported that their HRQoL improved in all domains by program completion. Improvements in pain and allodynia were present for program participants at the time of completion as well as at the 3-month follow-up, suggesting durability of these effects. Conclusions: A non-pharmacologic IIPT program is a compelling treatment for pediatric and adolescent chronic idiopathic pain, for both patients and the family unit. Patients participating in this program had positive treatment outcomes with significantly improved subjective and objective measures of physical, emotional, social, and cognitive function.

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BACKGROUND: Vulnerable older adults have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Regular physical activity (PA) can have a positive effect on the health and health-related behavior of this specific target group. However, evidence of the impact and feasibility of community-based PA promotion interventions for vulnerable older adults is still limited. OBJECTIVE: The BeTaSen (Bewegungs-Tandems in den Lebenswelten Chemnitzer Seniorinnen und Senioren: ein Beitrag zur kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung) study aims to evaluate the (1) impact as well as the (2) feasibility, acceptance, and usefulness of a 12-month low-threshold PA intervention program for community-dwelling vulnerable older adults. METHODS: For our population-based prospective observational cohort study, a total of 120 vulnerable older adults (aged 75 years or older) in the area of Chemnitz (Germany) will be recruited to participate in (1) weekly neighborhood-based low-threshold PA meetings with trained mentors (activity tandems) and (2) monthly exercise meetings led by trained exercise instructors. Within the intervention, participants will be encouraged to perform the PA independently. Participants will complete assessments, which will include questionnaires as well as objective measurements of their physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health at 3 different time points (baseline, 6 months after the start, and 6 months after the end of the intervention). Additionally, a process evaluation will be performed, including questionnaires and qualitative interviews, involving the participants, mentors, and municipal project partner representatives. RESULTS: The BeTaSen project process began in October 2021, with the start of data collection and intervention in August 2022 in the first neighborhoods of the city of Chemnitz. A total of 86 participants were recruited at the time of submission of the manuscript. Longitudinal results are expected by 2025. CONCLUSIONS: This study's results will provide insights on (1) the PA behavior of vulnerable older adults as well as the impact of PA interventions on health-related outcomes such as cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health, and (2) the feasible and useful components of community-based PA interventions. Thus, this pilot study contributes to future recommendations and provides a basis for further research, such as the development of feasible and sustainable target group-specific interventions in community settings. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/51462.

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Rationale & Objective: There have been no longitudinal studies examining the evolution of psychosocial health of young adults with kidney failure as they age. We aimed to address this in the Surveying Patients Experiencing Young Adult Kidney Failure-2 (SPEAK-2) study. Study Design: 5-year follow-up longitudinal survey of the original SPEAK cohort. Setting & Participants: 16- to 30-year-olds in the UK receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) between 2015 and 2017 who participated in the SPEAK study. Exposure: Kidney failure and KRT modality. Outcomes: Psychosocial health and lifestyle behaviors. Analytical Approach: Within-cohort changes in psychosocial health were analyzed using the paired t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and McNemar's test. We compared responses to the age-matched population and examined the impact of changes in KRT modality on psychological health using linear regression for continuous outcome variables as well as logistic, ordered logistic and multinomial logistic regression for binary, ordered categorical and unordered categorical variables, respectively. Results: We obtained 158 survey responses; 129 had previously responded to SPEAK. Of these, 90% had a kidney transplant. Compared to the general population, respondents were less likely to be married or have children and were more likely to be living with their parents. Respondents had nearly 15 times greater odds of being unable to work due to health (odds ratio [OR] = 14.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0-26.01; P < 0.001). Respondents had poorer quality of life and mental wellbeing and were more likely to report psychological problems (OR = 5.37; 95% CI, 3.45-8.35; P < 0.001). A negative association between remaining on or moving to dialysis and psychosocial health was observed, although this was attenuated when controlling for the psychosocial state in SPEAK. Limitations: Low response rate resulting in imprecise and potentially biased estimates and impact of COVID-19 pandemic while survey was active on psychosocial health. Conclusions: Young adults with kidney failure have persistent poorer psychosocial health compared to their healthy peers as they age. Our findings also suggest a potential causal relationship between KRT modality and psychosocial health.

The psychosocial impact of kidney failure in young adults is implicated in the observed higher risk of transplant loss and death. The Surveying Patients Experiencing Young Adult Kidney Failure (SPEAK) study investigated the psychosocial health of young adults (16-30 years) in the UK receiving kidney replacement therapy and found they had poorer outcomes than the age-matched general population. In this 5-year follow-up study, we observed that as this group matured, they lagged behind their peers in terms of both lifecourse and psychological outcomes. Dialysis recipients had poorer psychosocial health compared to transplant recipients. This emphasizes the lasting impact of kidney failure on young adults' psychosocial health, particularly for those receiving dialysis, highlighting the need for better mental health support and treatment.

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Background: Social and psychosocial determinants are associated with cardiovascular health (CVH). Objectives: To quantify the contributions of social and psychosocial factors to racial/ethnic differences in CVH. Methods: In the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America cohorts, Kitagawa-Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition quantified the contributions of social and psychosocial factors to differences in mean CVH score (range 0-14) in Black, Chinese, Hispanic, or South Asian compared with White participants. Results: Among 7,978 adults (mean age 61 [SD 10] years, 52 % female), there were 1,892 Black (mean CVH score for decomposition analysis 7.96 [SD 2.1]), 804 Chinese (CVH 9.69 [1.8]), 1,496 Hispanic (CVH 8.00 [2.1]), 1,164 South Asian (CVH 9.16 [2.0]), and 2,622 White (CVH 8.91 [2.1]) participants. The factors that were associated with the largest magnitude of explained differences in mean CVH score were income for Black participants (if mean income in Black participants were equal to White participants, Black participants' mean CVH score would be 0.14 [SE 0.05] points higher); place of birth for Chinese participants (if proportion of US-born and foreign-born individuals among Chinese adults were equivalent to White participants, Chinese participants' mean CVH score would be 0.22 [0.10] points lower); and education for Hispanic and South Asian participants (if educational attainment were equivalent to White participants, Hispanic and South Asian participants' mean CVH score would be 0.55 [0.11] points higher and 0.37 [0.11] points lower, respectively). Conclusions: In these multiethnic US cohorts, social and psychosocial factors were associated with racial/ethnic differences in CVH.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of testosterone vs placebo treatment on health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and psychosocial function in men without pathologic hypogonadism in the context of a lifestyle intervention. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS: Secondary analysis of a 2-year randomized controlled testosterone therapy trial for prevention or reversal of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, enrolling men ≥ 50 years at high risk for type 2 diabetes from 6 Australian centers. INTERVENTIONS: Injectable testosterone undecanoate or matching placebo on the background of a community-based lifestyle program. MAIN OUTCOMES: Self-reported measures of HR-QOL/psychosocial function. RESULTS: Of 1007 participants randomized into the Testosterone for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T4DM) trial, 648 (64%) had complete data available for all HR-QOL/psychosocial function assessments at baseline and 2 years. Over 24 months, while most measures were not different between treatment arms, testosterone treatment, compared with placebo, improved subjective social status and sense of coherence. Baseline HR-QOL/psychosocial function measures did not predict the effect of testosterone treatment on glycemic outcomes, primary endpoints of T4DM. Irrespective of treatment allocation, larger decreases in body weight were associated with improved mental quality of life, mastery, and subjective social status. Men with better baseline physical function, greater sense of coherence, and fewer depressive symptoms experienced greater associated decreases in body weight, with similar effects on waist circumference. CONCLUSION: In this diabetes prevention trial, weight loss induced by a lifestyle intervention improved HR-QOL and psychosocial function in more domains than testosterone treatment. The magnitude of weight and waist circumference reduction were predicted by baseline physical function, depressive symptomology, and sense of coherence.

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